EP0223808A1 - Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy. - Google Patents

Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy.

Info

Publication number
EP0223808A1
EP0223808A1 EP86903410A EP86903410A EP0223808A1 EP 0223808 A1 EP0223808 A1 EP 0223808A1 EP 86903410 A EP86903410 A EP 86903410A EP 86903410 A EP86903410 A EP 86903410A EP 0223808 A1 EP0223808 A1 EP 0223808A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
tube
wearer
envelope
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86903410A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0223808B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Pelloux-Gervais
Richard Zapata
Michel Bres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0223808A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223808A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0223808B1 publication Critical patent/EP0223808B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04—Hoods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia which can be used more particularly for the protection of personnel flying in aircraft, comprising a waterproof envelope forming a helmet covering the wearer's head and, in its lower part, means for waterproofness connecting the hood to the wearer's neck.
  • the absorption of carbon dioxide is done, by means of an absorbent of the soda lime, lithine, molecular sieve type etc.
  • the absorption efficiency depends on the one hand on the absorbent product and on the other hand on the good circulation, through the bed of absorbent material, of the gases contained in the respiratory enclosure inside the hood.
  • the protective hoods currently known are of two types, namely either of the static type or of the mechanical type.
  • the absorption of carbon dioxide is done only by the movement of the gas inside the hood and to be able to obtain a good efficiency of this absorption, the surface and the basket of absorbent material quickly become unacceptable for application in the aeronautical field.
  • the gases are circulated through an absorbent bed either by means of a mechanical fan powered by a battery, either by means of a jector using, for example, the expansion energy of the oxygen source.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a protective hood of particularly simple design, compact, light, guaranteeing a long service life, being able to offer the oxygen necessary for human consumption for a fairly long period of time and allowing to obtain a very high efficiency for trapping carbon dioxide.
  • the protective hood according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, at its base and inside the waterproof envelope, a closed tube surrounding the wearer's neck and containing an oxygen reserve under pressure and means to cause aut ⁇ natique ent, during the donning of the hood, the communication of the interior of this tube with the interior of the waterproof envelope so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the oxygen hood.
  • the tube containing the oxygen under pressure advantageously comprises two separate compartments, preferably in series, making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, namely a high initial flow rate in order to obtain rapid inflation. hood then a lower flow rate corresponding to normal oxygen awareness by the wearer.
  • the hood c ⁇ prend a second flexible external envelope, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges, in a sealed manner, to the first envelope and the wall of the first sealed envelope is interrupted in at least one place to delimit, in this wall, an opening across which is disposed a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water.
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of a protective hood according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line II-II of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged axial section view, on a larger scale, of the closed tube constituting the reserve of oxygen under pressure.
  • Figure 4 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of an alternative embodiment of the protective hood according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially broken away of the protective hood of FIG. 4.
  • Figure 6 is a partially sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a detail of the hood of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the device of FIG. 7.
  • the protective hood which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an envelope 1 made of waterproof material, preferably elastic, forming a kind of helmet covering the wearer's head and which in its front part comprises a transparent part 2 forming a visor ensuring vision outside, if the envelope 2 is not itself made of transparent material.
  • This sealed envelope 1 is secured, at its lower part, to a tube 3, in the form of a split ring surrounding the wearer's neck and constituting a reserve of oxygen.
  • This tube 3 is integral, at its lower part, with a flexible and elastic sheet 4, for example made of rubber, which extends horizontally.
  • This sheet 4, which is tangent to the tube 3, is pierced, in its central part, with a hole 5 to allow the passage of the head of the wearer of the hood through this hole.
  • the tube 3 may have, in plan view, any suitable curved shape allowing it to surround the carrying neck. It may in particular be circular or have a substantially oval shape as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tube 3 is closed, at its two ends, by front and transverse walls 6 and 7 which are arranged in the rear part of the hood, at a certain distance, facing one another.
  • the tube 3 is advantageously subdivided, by a transverse wall 8 pierced with a calibrated hole or a capillary 9, into two cc ⁇ partiments 3a and 3b. These two cc ⁇ partiments are filled with oxygen under pressure, for example 150 da N / cm2.
  • the cxmpartiment 3a which is delimited between the transverse partition 8 and the front face 6, can communicate with the outside through a calibrated or capillary hole 10 which is drilled in the front wall 6 and which ccm ⁇ unique with a hollow end 11 forming a stopper closure, fixed by welding or by any other suitable means on the front face 6.
  • This end piece 11, of small dimensions, is arranged so that it can be broken very easily by a percussion device 12 actuated automatically during the introduction of the head inside the hood.
  • This percussion device may be constituted, for example, by a lever pivotally mounted on the tube 3 around an axis 13, one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood, so as to be able to be repelled by the head of the person donning the hood, and a smaller branch acting on the tip 11 to cause the rupture thereof.
  • the calibrated or capillary hole 10 has a diameter large enough to ensure a relatively high flow rate, namely around 0.06 l / min bar, which makes it possible to quickly inflate the hood when it is put in place. This flow rate which is greater than 0.03 1 / min bar is however sufficiently low
  • the capillary or calibrated hole 9 provided in the transverse wall 8 takes over and the capacity constituted by the cc ⁇ partiment 3b is emptied slowly to ensure the flow necessary for the conscrrmation of oxygen, ie at sculptureni ⁇ um 1.51 / min.
  • the front wall 7 which is opposite to the front wall 6 carrying the eirfaout 11, has a part central hollow 14 in the bottom of which protrudes a capillary tube 15 emerging inside the cxxrparti ent 3b.
  • This capillary tube is extended outside by forming a helix 16 whose ectranality is closed.
  • This propeller 16 which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube 3, can therefore constitute a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube.
  • the sealed envelope 1 comprises a posterior part which is more flexible than the rest of the envelope, in order to constitute a sort of inflatable "lung".
  • the envelope 1 also contains inside a device ensuring the trapping of carbon dioxide.
  • This device may be constituted, for example, by grains of soda lime which permanently rids the gases of exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide, by absorption of the latter.
  • the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
  • the hood preferably has the shape of a balaclava as shown in the drawing.
  • the protective hood comprises a second flexible external envelope 18, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges 19, 20 in a manner waterproof, to the first envelope 1. This fixing can be carried out by exe ⁇ ple by welding.
  • the sealed weld on the edge 19 extends along the visor 2 and is connected to the lower sealed weld 20 which extends horizontally, in the upper horizontal plane tangent to the tube 3.
  • the wall of the internal sealed envelope 1 is interrupted in at least one place, for example in the lower part of the rear wall 1a, to delimit in this wall an opening 21 across which is disposed a mattress 22 of porous material such than metal grid or fiberglass mesh.
  • a mattress 22 of porous material such than metal grid or fiberglass mesh.
  • porous material is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and possibly water.
  • the internal envelope 1 and the external envelope 18 which has a larger surface than the part of the internal envelope 1 which it covers, thus delimit between them two cc ⁇ partiments namely a ⁇ xr_partiment internal 23 in which is housed the head of the wearer and an external ccnçiartient 24 of variable volume and in a way forming a "lung".
  • the gases pass continuously, during the breathing of the hood wearer, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the two cc ⁇ partiinents 23 and 24, crossing the bed of absorbent material contained in the porous mattress 22.
  • the gases pass from the internal compartment 23 to the external compartment 24, and during the inspiration the gas circulation takes place in the opposite direction.
  • the gases permanently get rid of the exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide.
  • the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
  • FIG. 6 represents a view, partially in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the invention.
  • Envelopes 1 and 18 are made of polyester coated on both sides with flame retardant PVC.
  • the total volume of the hood is 17 liters, including 7 liters for the volume 23 of the head and 10 liters for the volume 24 of the "lung".
  • the reference 121 indicates a cartridge of soda lime 22 held in a housing closed by a fine mesh and coated with a protective plate 122 provided with a system of lateral openings to allow the passage of air from the head volume 23 in the lung 24, through the soda lime 22 which rids the air of its excess of water and carbon dioxide.
  • the volumes 23 and 24 are sealed relative to each other and the air circulation is necessarily effected by the soda lime cartridges (two in number in this example).
  • the lever 12, which has the shape of a pallet, is placed above the opening 5.
  • the system for opening the oxygen capacity 3, which here has only one volume, is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the hollow end piece 11 is secured to a cylindrical cap 108 whose internal side wall 100 carries, at its base, pins 107 cooperating with the annular groove 106 carried by the front wall 6.
  • the lever 12 is secured to said wall 100
  • the hollow e ⁇ b ⁇ ut 11 has a circular groove 103.
  • the rotation of the pallet 12 causes the rotation of the cylindrical cap 108 around the axis Yi, which generates the rupture of the hollow end piece 11 at the level of the groove 103, the axis XX of said e ⁇ faout being parallel to YY but distant from it.
  • the oxygen present in the tank 3 comprising only one cc ⁇ partiirs is therefore released via the nozzle 10, the housing 101 and then the pipe 102.
  • the nozzle 10 has a diameter of 6/100 ⁇ m releasing 40 liters of oxygen stored at 150 bars in the tank 3.
  • the autonomy of such a hood is about 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the device of Figure 7.
  • This part 109 has a semi-circular surface whose diameter passes through the YY axis. It c ⁇ porte under this axis (in the figure) a semi-circular notch 110 of diameter identical to that of the part 11 in which it comes to rest when the lever 12 is in the rest position.

Abstract

Cagoule de protection contre les fumées et l'hypoxie, utilisable plus particulièrement pour la protection du personnel navigant dans les aéronefs. Cette cagoule est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, à sa base et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe étanche, un tube fermé (3) entourant le cou du porteur et contenant une réserve d'oxygène sous pression et des moyens (11-13) pour provoquer automatiquement, lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la mise en communication de l'intérieur de ce tube avec une alimentation automatique du porteur de la cagoule en oxygène.Hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia, usable more particularly for the protection of flight personnel in aircraft. This hood is characterized in that it comprises, at its base and inside the sealed envelope, a closed tube (3) surrounding the wearer's neck and containing a reserve of pressurized oxygen and means (11 -13) to automatically cause, when putting on the hood, placing the inside of this tube in communication with an automatic supply of oxygen to the wearer of the hood.

Description

"CAGOULE DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES FUMEES ET L'HYPOXIE" "HOOD FOR PROTECTION AGAINST FUMES AND HYPOXIA"
La présente invention concerne une cagoule de protection contre les fumées et l'hypoxie utilisable plus particulièrement pour la protection du personnel navigant dans des aéronefs, comprenant une envelqppe étanche formant un casque coiffant la tête du porteur et dans sa partie inférieure, des moyens d'êtanchéité reliant la cagoule au cou du porteur.The present invention relates to a hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia which can be used more particularly for the protection of personnel flying in aircraft, comprising a waterproof envelope forming a helmet covering the wearer's head and, in its lower part, means for waterproofness connecting the hood to the wearer's neck.
Il existe actuellement, pour protéger le personnel navigant à 1*encontre des dépressions accidentelles ou des fumées se formant dans les cabines, des dispositifs en circuit ouvert qui sont ccmposés d'une bouteille d'oxygène cαtprimé, pouvant fournir environ 300 litres de gaz, laquelle est reliée à un masque du type aviation classique. Ces dispositifs en circuit ouvert sont efficaces mais ils présentent l'inconvénient d'être difficiles à mettre en oeuvre, lourds et encombrants. D'autres systèmes respiratoires autonomes fonctionnant en circuit fermé qui assurent la protection combinée contre l'hypoxie d'altitude et les fumées, se présentent habituellement sous la forme d'une cagoule qui est enfilée par les individus en cas de nécessité et qui est pourvue de moyens de fermeture étanche au niveau du cou. Une telle cagoule comporte, d'une part, des moyens permettant l'injection, à l'intérieur, d'oxygène couvrant la consαrmation de l'individu portant la cagoule et, d'autre part, des moyens permettant de piéger le dioxyde de carbone peur en limiter la teneur à l'intérieur de la cagoule.There are currently, in order to protect the cabin crew against accidental depressions or fumes forming in the cabins, open circuit devices which are composed of a cylinder of compressed oxygen, capable of supplying approximately 300 liters of gas, which is connected to a conventional aviation type mask. These open circuit devices are effective but they have the disadvantage of being difficult to implement, heavy and bulky. Other autonomous respiratory systems operating in closed circuit which provide combined protection against altitude hypoxia and smoke, usually come in the form of a hood which is donned by individuals when necessary and which is provided sealing means at the neck. Such a hood comprises, on the one hand, means allowing the injection, inside, of oxygen covering the consumption of the individual wearing the hood and, on the other hand, means making it possible to trap the dioxide of carbon can limit the content inside the hood.
L'absorption du dioxyde de carbone se fait, au moyen d'un absorbant du type chaux sodée, lithine, tamis moléculaire etc..The absorption of carbon dioxide is done, by means of an absorbent of the soda lime, lithine, molecular sieve type etc.
L'efficacité de l'absorption dépend d'une part du produit absorbant et d'autre part de la bonne circulation, à travers le lit de matière absorbante, des gaz contenus dans l'enceinte respiratoire à l'intérieur de la cagoule. Les cagoules de protection connues actuellement sont de deux types à savoir soit du type statique, soit du type mécanique. Dans le premier cas l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone se fait uniquement par les mouvements de cenvection des gaz à l'intérieur de la cagoule et pour pouvoir obtenir une bonne efficacité de cette absorption, la surface et la nasse de matière absorbante deviennent vite rédhibitoires pour une application dans le dαnaine aéronautique. Dans le second cas c'est-à-dire celui d'une solution mécanique, on assure la circulation des gaz au travers d'un lit absorbant soit au moyen d'un ventilateur mécanique alimenté par une pile, soit au moyen d'un i jecteur utilisant par exemple l'énergie de détente de la source d'oxygène.The absorption efficiency depends on the one hand on the absorbent product and on the other hand on the good circulation, through the bed of absorbent material, of the gases contained in the respiratory enclosure inside the hood. The protective hoods currently known are of two types, namely either of the static type or of the mechanical type. In the first case, the absorption of carbon dioxide is done only by the movement of the gas inside the hood and to be able to obtain a good efficiency of this absorption, the surface and the basket of absorbent material quickly become unacceptable for application in the aeronautical field. In the second case, that is to say that of a mechanical solution, the gases are circulated through an absorbent bed either by means of a mechanical fan powered by a battery, either by means of a jector using, for example, the expansion energy of the oxygen source.
Tous ces systèmes connus posent des problèmes de fiabilité, notaπment du fait que leur durée de vie demandée est supérieure à 5 ans, et d'efficacité, en particulier dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un injecteur lorsque la pression de la capacité d'oxygène chute. De plus, la ccπplexité de tels systèmes iirpose une vérification régulière de l'état du matériel.All of these known systems pose problems of reliability, in particular because their requested service life is greater than 5 years, and of efficiency, in particular in the case of the use of an injector when the pressure of the capacity d oxygen drops. In addition, the complexity of such systems requires regular verification of the condition of the equipment.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en procurant une cagoule de protection de conception particulièrement simple, coπpacte, légère, garantissant une durée de vie importante, pouvant offrir l'oxygène nécessaire à la consommation humaine pendant une assez longue période de temps et permettant d'obtenir une très grande efficacité pour le piègage du dioxyde de carbone. A cet effet, la cagoule de protection selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, à sa base et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe étanche, un tube fermé entourant le cou du porteur et contenant une réserve d'oxygène sous pression et des moyens pour provoquer autαnatique ent, lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la mise en ccmrunication de l'intérieur de ce tube avec l'intérieur de l'enveloppe étanche de manière à assurer une alimentation automatique du porteur de la cagoule en oxygène.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a protective hood of particularly simple design, compact, light, guaranteeing a long service life, being able to offer the oxygen necessary for human consumption for a fairly long period of time and allowing to obtain a very high efficiency for trapping carbon dioxide. To this end, the protective hood according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, at its base and inside the waterproof envelope, a closed tube surrounding the wearer's neck and containing an oxygen reserve under pressure and means to cause autαnatique ent, during the donning of the hood, the communication of the interior of this tube with the interior of the waterproof envelope so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the oxygen hood.
Suivant une caractéristique ccπplémentaire de l'invention le tube contenant l'oxygène sous pression coπprend avantageusement deux ccmpartiments distincts de préférence en série, permettant d'obtenir une alimentation en oxygène avec deux débits différents, à savoir un fort débit initial pour obtenir un gonflage rapide de la cagoule puis un débit plus faible correspondant à la conscπmation normale d'oxygène par le porteur. Suivant un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention la cagoule cαπprend une seconde enveloppe externe souple, en matière imperméable aux gaz, qui est fixée le long de ses bords, d'une manière étanche, à la première enveloppe et la paroi de la première enveloppe étanche est interrompue en au moins un endroit pour délimiter, dans cette paroi, une ouverture en travers de laquelle est disposé un produit absorbant le dioxyde de carbone et/ou l'eau. On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, diverses formes d'exécution de la présente invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the tube containing the oxygen under pressure advantageously comprises two separate compartments, preferably in series, making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, namely a high initial flow rate in order to obtain rapid inflation. hood then a lower flow rate corresponding to normal oxygen awareness by the wearer. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hood cαπprend a second flexible external envelope, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges, in a sealed manner, to the first envelope and the wall of the first sealed envelope is interrupted in at least one place to delimit, in this wall, an opening across which is disposed a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water. Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La figure 1 est une vue en élévation, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une cagoule de protection suivant l'invention.Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of a protective hood according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale faite suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1.Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line II-II of Figure 1.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale développée, à plus grande échelle, du tube fermé constituant la réserve d'oxygène sous pression.FIG. 3 is an enlarged axial section view, on a larger scale, of the closed tube constituting the reserve of oxygen under pressure.
La figure 4 est une vue en élévation, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une variante d'exécution de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention.Figure 4 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of an alternative embodiment of the protective hood according to the invention.
La figure 5 est une vue en plan, avec arrachement partiel de la cagoule de protection de la figure 4.FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially broken away of the protective hood of FIG. 4.
La figure 6 est une vue partiellement en coupe d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 6 is a partially sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
La figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un détail de la cagoule de la figure 6. La figure 8 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 7.FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a detail of the hood of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a side view of the device of FIG. 7.
La cagoule de protection qui est représentée sur les figures 1 et 2 comprend une enveloppe 1 en matière étanche, de préférence élastique, formant une sorte de casque coiffant la tête du porteur et qui cαrprend, dans sa partie antérieure, une partie transparente 2 formant visière assurant la vision à l'extérieur, si l'enveloppe 2 n'est pas elle-même en matière transparente. Cette enveloppe étanche 1 est solidaire, à sa partie inférieure, d'un tube 3, en forme d'anneau fendu entourant le cou du porteur et constituant une réserve d'oxygène. Ce tube 3 est solidaire, à sa partie inférieure, d'une feuille souple et élastique 4, par exemple en caoutchouc, laquelle s'étend horizontalement. Cette feuille 4, qui est tangente au tube 3, est percée, dans sa partie centrale, d'un trou 5 pour permettre le passage de la tête du porteur de la cagoule à travers ce trou.The protective hood which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an envelope 1 made of waterproof material, preferably elastic, forming a kind of helmet covering the wearer's head and which in its front part comprises a transparent part 2 forming a visor ensuring vision outside, if the envelope 2 is not itself made of transparent material. This sealed envelope 1 is secured, at its lower part, to a tube 3, in the form of a split ring surrounding the wearer's neck and constituting a reserve of oxygen. This tube 3 is integral, at its lower part, with a flexible and elastic sheet 4, for example made of rubber, which extends horizontally. This sheet 4, which is tangent to the tube 3, is pierced, in its central part, with a hole 5 to allow the passage of the head of the wearer of the hood through this hole.
Le tube 3 peut avoir, vue en plan, toute forme courbe appropriée lui permettant d'entourer le cou porteur. Il peut-être notamment circulaire ou avoir une forme sensiblement ovale comme il est représenté sur la figure 2. Le tube 3 est ferme, à ses deux extrémités, par des parois frontales et transversales 6 et 7 qui sont disposées dans la partie arrière de la cagoule, à une certaine distance, en regard l'une de l'autre. Le -tube 3 est avantageusement subdivisé, par une paroi transversale 8 percée d'un trou calibré ou d'un capilaire 9, en deux ccπpartiments 3a et 3b. Ces deux ccπpartiments sont remplis d'oxygène sous pression, par exemple de 150 da N/cm2. Le cxmpartiment 3a qui est délimité entre la cloison transversale 8 et la face frontale 6, peut cαrmuniquer avec l'extérieur à travers un trou calibré ou capillaire 10 qui est percé dans la paroi frontale 6 et qui ccmπunique avec un embout creux 11 formant bouchon de fermeture, fixé par soudure ou par tout autre moyen approprié sur la face frontale 6. Cet embout 11, de petites dimensions, est agencé de manière à pouvoir être rompu très facilement par un dispositif de percussion 12 actionné autcmatiquament lors de l'introduction de la tête à l'intérieur de la cagoule. Ce dispositif de percussion peut-être constitué, par exeπple, par un levier monté à pivotement sur le tube 3 autour d'un axe 13, dont une branche s'étend vers l'intérieur de la cagoule, de manière à pouvoir être repoussé par la tête de la personne enfilant la cagoule, et une branche plus petite agissant sur l'embout 11 pour provoquer la rupture de celui-ci.The tube 3 may have, in plan view, any suitable curved shape allowing it to surround the carrying neck. It may in particular be circular or have a substantially oval shape as shown in FIG. 2. The tube 3 is closed, at its two ends, by front and transverse walls 6 and 7 which are arranged in the rear part of the hood, at a certain distance, facing one another. The tube 3 is advantageously subdivided, by a transverse wall 8 pierced with a calibrated hole or a capillary 9, into two ccπpartiments 3a and 3b. These two ccπpartiments are filled with oxygen under pressure, for example 150 da N / cm2. The cxmpartiment 3a which is delimited between the transverse partition 8 and the front face 6, can communicate with the outside through a calibrated or capillary hole 10 which is drilled in the front wall 6 and which ccmπunique with a hollow end 11 forming a stopper closure, fixed by welding or by any other suitable means on the front face 6. This end piece 11, of small dimensions, is arranged so that it can be broken very easily by a percussion device 12 actuated automatically during the introduction of the head inside the hood. This percussion device may be constituted, for example, by a lever pivotally mounted on the tube 3 around an axis 13, one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood, so as to be able to be repelled by the head of the person donning the hood, and a smaller branch acting on the tip 11 to cause the rupture thereof.
Par conséquent, au début de l'enfilage de la cagoule, le levier 12 fait sauter l'eπbout 11 si bien que l'oxygène sous pression contenu à l'intérieur du tube 3 peut s'échapper à l'intérieur de la cagoule. Le trou calibré ou capillaire 10 à un diamètre suffisamment grand pour assurer un débit relativement élevé à savoir d'environ 0,06 1/mn bar, ce qui permet de gonfler rapidement la cagoule lors de sa mise en place. Ce débit qui est supérieur à 0,03 1/mn bar est toutefois suffisamment faibleConsequently, at the start of donning of the hood, the lever 12 makes the eπbout 11 jump so that the oxygen under pressure contained inside the tube 3 can escape inside the hood. The calibrated or capillary hole 10 has a diameter large enough to ensure a relatively high flow rate, namely around 0.06 l / min bar, which makes it possible to quickly inflate the hood when it is put in place. This flow rate which is greater than 0.03 1 / min bar is however sufficiently low
(inférieur à 0,2 1/mn bar) pour ne pas vider trop vite la capacité constituée par le tube 3 de manière à ne pas entraîner une trop grande perte de gaz si l'enfilage de la cagoule s'effectue mal (coincement ou fuite lors du passage d'obstacles tels que lunettes, chignon etc...). Le capillaire ou trou calibré 9 prévu dans la paroi transversale 8 prend la relève et la capacité constitué par le ccπpartiment 3b se vide lentement pour assurer le débit nécessaire à la conscrrmation d'oxygène, soit au iriiniπum 1,51/mn.(less than 0.2 1 / min bar) so as not to empty the capacity formed by the tube 3 too quickly so as not to cause too much gas loss if the hood is not threaded properly (jamming or leak when passing obstacles such as glasses, bun etc ...). The capillary or calibrated hole 9 provided in the transverse wall 8 takes over and the capacity constituted by the ccπpartiment 3b is emptied slowly to ensure the flow necessary for the conscrrmation of oxygen, ie at iriiniπum 1.51 / min.
On peut voir sur la figure 3 que la paroi frontale 7 qui est opposée à la paroi frontale 6 portant l'eirfaout 11, présente une partie centrale en creux 14 dans le fond de laquelle fait saillie un tube capillaire 15 débouchant à l'intérieur du cxxrparti ent 3b. Ce tube capillaire se prolonge à l'extérieur en formant une hélice 16 dont l'ectrânité est fermée. Cette hélice 16 qui est déformable axialement en fonction de la pression régnant à l'intérieur du tube 3, peut donc constituer un manomètre indiquant la pression résiduelle à l'intérieur du tube.We can see in Figure 3 that the front wall 7 which is opposite to the front wall 6 carrying the eirfaout 11, has a part central hollow 14 in the bottom of which protrudes a capillary tube 15 emerging inside the cxxrparti ent 3b. This capillary tube is extended outside by forming a helix 16 whose ectranality is closed. This propeller 16 which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube 3, can therefore constitute a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube.
De préférence l'enveloppe étanche 1 comprend une partie postérieure la_ plus souple que le reste de l'enveloppe, afin de constituer une sorte de "poumon" gonflable.Preferably the sealed envelope 1 comprises a posterior part which is more flexible than the rest of the envelope, in order to constitute a sort of inflatable "lung".
L'enveloppe 1 contient également à l'intérieur un dispositif assurant le piègage du dioxyde de carbone. Ce dispositif peut-être constitué, par exemple, par des grains de chaux sodée qui débarasse en permanence les gaz des impuretés exhalées et en particulier du dioxyde de carbone, par absorption de celui-ci. Le porteur de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention peut ainsi respirer en circuit fermé avec un faible apport d'oxygène. Pour augmenter la surface d'échange avec la matière absorbante, la cagoule a, de préférence, la forme d'un passe-montagne cαrme il est représenté sur le dessin. Dans la variante d'exécution de l'invention représentée sur les figures 4 et 5 la cagoule de protection comprend une seconde enveloppe externe souple 18, en matière imperméable aux gaz, qui est fixée le long de ses bords 19, 20 d'une manière étanche, a la première enveloppe 1. Cette fixation peut-être réalisée par exeπple par soudure. La soudure étanche du bord 19 s'étend le long de la visière 2 et elle se raccorde à la soudure étanche inférieure 20 qui s'étend horizontalement, dans le plan horizontal supérieur tangent au tube 3.The envelope 1 also contains inside a device ensuring the trapping of carbon dioxide. This device may be constituted, for example, by grains of soda lime which permanently rids the gases of exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide, by absorption of the latter. The wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen. To increase the exchange surface with the absorbent material, the hood preferably has the shape of a balaclava as shown in the drawing. In the variant embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the protective hood comprises a second flexible external envelope 18, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges 19, 20 in a manner waterproof, to the first envelope 1. This fixing can be carried out by exeπple by welding. The sealed weld on the edge 19 extends along the visor 2 and is connected to the lower sealed weld 20 which extends horizontally, in the upper horizontal plane tangent to the tube 3.
La paroi de l'enveloppe étanche interne 1 est interrompue en au moins un endroit, par exemple dans la partie inférieure de la paroi postérieure la, pour délimiter dans cette paroi une ouverture 21 en travers de laquelle est disposé un matelas 22 en matériau poreux tel que grille métallique ou filet en fibre de verre. Dans ce matériau poreux est iirmobilisé un produit absorbant le dioxyde de carbone et éventuellement l'eau. L'enveloppe interne 1 et l'enveloppe externe 18 qui a une plus grande surface que la partie de l'enveloppe interne 1 qu'elle recouvre, délimitent ainsi entre elles deux ccπpartiments à savoir un <xr_partiment interne 23 dans lequel est logé la tête du porteur et un ccnçartiirient externe 24 de volume variable et formant en quelque sorte un "poumon".The wall of the internal sealed envelope 1 is interrupted in at least one place, for example in the lower part of the rear wall 1a, to delimit in this wall an opening 21 across which is disposed a mattress 22 of porous material such than metal grid or fiberglass mesh. In this porous material is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and possibly water. The internal envelope 1 and the external envelope 18 which has a larger surface than the part of the internal envelope 1 which it covers, thus delimit between them two ccπpartiments namely a <xr_partiment internal 23 in which is housed the head of the wearer and an external ccnçiartient 24 of variable volume and in a way forming a "lung".
Grâce à la disposition suivant l'invention les gaz passent en permanence, pendant la respiration du porteur de la cagoule, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, entre les deux ccπpartiinents 23 et 24, en traversant le lit de matière absorbante contenue dans le matelas poreux 22. Pendant l'expiration les gaz passent du cc-tpartiment interne 23 au c rpartiment externe 24, et pendant l'inspiration la circulation des gaz s'effectue en sens inverse. Ainsi, les gaz se débarassent en permanence des impuretés exhalées et en particulier du dioxyde de carbone. Le porteur de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention peut ainsi respirer en circuit fermé avec un faible apport d'oxygène.Thanks to the arrangement according to the invention the gases pass continuously, during the breathing of the hood wearer, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the two ccπpartiinents 23 and 24, crossing the bed of absorbent material contained in the porous mattress 22. During the expiration the gases pass from the internal compartment 23 to the external compartment 24, and during the inspiration the gas circulation takes place in the opposite direction. Thus, the gases permanently get rid of the exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide. The wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
La figure 6 représente une vue, partiellement en coupe, d'un exemple de réalisation d'une cagoule selon l'invention. Sur cette figure, les mêmes éléments que ceux des figures précédentes portent les mêmes références. Les enveloppes 1 et 18 sont réalisées en polyester enduit double face de PVC ignifuge. Le volume total de la cagoule est de 17 litres, dont 7 litres pour le volume 23 de la tête et 10 litres pour le volume 24 du "poumon". Le repère 121 indique une cartouche de chaux sodée 22 maintenue dans un logement fermé par un fin grillage et revêtu d'une plaque de protection 122 munie d'un système d'ouvertures latérales pour permettre le passage de l'air du volume de tête 23 dans le poumon 24, à travers la chaux sodée 22 qui débarasse l'air de son excès d'eau et de gaz carbonique. Les volumes 23 et 24 sont étanches l'un par rapport à l'autre et la circulation d'air s'effectue nécessairement par les cartouches de chaux sodées (au nombre de deux dans cet exemple) . Le levier 12, qui a la forme d'une palette est placé au-dessus de l'ouverture 5. Le système d'ouverture de la capacité d'oxygène 3, qui a ici un seul volume, est représenté sur la figure 7. L'embout creux 11 est solidaire d'un capuchon cylindrique 108 dont la paroi latérale interne 100 porte, à sa base, des tenons 107 coopérant avec la gorge annulaire 106 portée par la paroi frontale 6. Le levier 12 est solidaire de ladite paroi 100. L'eπbσut creux 11, possède une gorge circulaire 103. Lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la rotation de la palette 12 entraîne la rotation du capuchon cylindrique 108 autour de l'axe Yï, ce qui engendre la rupture de l'embout creux 11 au niveau de la gorge 103, l'axe XX dudit eπfaout étant parallèle à YY mais distant de celui-ci.FIG. 6 represents a view, partially in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the invention. In this figure, the same elements as those of the previous figures have the same references. Envelopes 1 and 18 are made of polyester coated on both sides with flame retardant PVC. The total volume of the hood is 17 liters, including 7 liters for the volume 23 of the head and 10 liters for the volume 24 of the "lung". The reference 121 indicates a cartridge of soda lime 22 held in a housing closed by a fine mesh and coated with a protective plate 122 provided with a system of lateral openings to allow the passage of air from the head volume 23 in the lung 24, through the soda lime 22 which rids the air of its excess of water and carbon dioxide. The volumes 23 and 24 are sealed relative to each other and the air circulation is necessarily effected by the soda lime cartridges (two in number in this example). The lever 12, which has the shape of a pallet, is placed above the opening 5. The system for opening the oxygen capacity 3, which here has only one volume, is shown in FIG. 7. The hollow end piece 11 is secured to a cylindrical cap 108 whose internal side wall 100 carries, at its base, pins 107 cooperating with the annular groove 106 carried by the front wall 6. The lever 12 is secured to said wall 100 The hollow eπbσut 11 has a circular groove 103. When threading the hood, the rotation of the pallet 12 causes the rotation of the cylindrical cap 108 around the axis Yi, which generates the rupture of the hollow end piece 11 at the level of the groove 103, the axis XX of said eπfaout being parallel to YY but distant from it.
L'oxygène présent dans le réservoir 3 ne comportant qu'un ccπpartiirent est donc libéré par l'intermédiaire du gicleur 10, du logement 101 puis de la canalisation 102. A titre d'exemple, le gicleur 10 à un diaπÊtre de 6/100 de πm libérant 40 litres d'oxygène stockés sous 150 bars dans le réservoir 3. L'autonomie d'une telle cagoule est d'environ 15 minutes.The oxygen present in the tank 3 comprising only one ccπpartiirs is therefore released via the nozzle 10, the housing 101 and then the pipe 102. For example, the nozzle 10 has a diameter of 6/100 πm releasing 40 liters of oxygen stored at 150 bars in the tank 3. The autonomy of such a hood is about 15 minutes.
La figure 8 représente une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 7. On aperçoit clairement sur cette figure la forme de la pièce 109, solidaire de la palette 12 et du capuchon 108 qui coopère avec l'extrémité de la pièce 11 pour provoquer sa rupture. Cette pièce 109 a une surface semi-circulaire dont le diamètre passe par l'axe YY. Elle cαπporte sous cet axe (sur la figure) une encoche 110 semi-circulaire de diamètre identique à celui de la pièce 11 dans laquelle celle-ci vient s'appuyer lorsque le levier 12 est en position de repos. La rotation de la palette (vers la droite sur la figure) autour du point 0 (axe YY) entraîne l'arrachement de l'extrémité de la pièce 11 située avant la gorge 103, de longueur identique à l'épaisseur de la pièce 109, et la libération de l'oxygène par la canalisation 102. 8 shows a side view of the device of Figure 7. We clearly see in this figure the shape of the part 109, integral with the pallet 12 and the cap 108 which cooperates with the end of the part 11 to cause its rupture. This part 109 has a semi-circular surface whose diameter passes through the YY axis. It cαπporte under this axis (in the figure) a semi-circular notch 110 of diameter identical to that of the part 11 in which it comes to rest when the lever 12 is in the rest position. The rotation of the pallet (to the right in the figure) around point 0 (axis YY) causes the end of the part 11 located before the groove 103 to be torn off, of length identical to the thickness of the part 109 , and the release of oxygen through line 102.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Cagoule de protection contre les fumées et l'hypoxie, comprenant une enveloppe étanche, formant casque coiffant la tête du porteur, et, dans sa partie inférieure, des moyens d'êtanchéité reliant la cagoule au cou du porteur, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, à sa base et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe étanche, un tube fermé (3) entourant le cou du porteur et contenant une réserve d'oxygène sous pression et des moyens (11-13) pour provoquer automatiquement, lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la mise en communication de l'intérieur de ce tube avec l'intérieur de l'enveloppe étanche (1) de manière à assurer une alimentation automatique du porteur de la cagoule en oxygène.CLAIMS 1.- Hood for protection against fumes and hypoxia, comprising a waterproof envelope, forming a helmet covering the wearer's head, and, in its lower part, sealing means connecting the hood to the wearer's neck, characterized in what it comprises, at its base and inside the sealed envelope, a closed tube (3) surrounding the wearer's neck and containing a reserve of oxygen under pressure and means (11-13) for causing automatically, when donning the hood, placing the interior of this tube in communication with the interior of the sealed envelope (1) so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the hood with oxygen.
2.- Cagoule de protection suivant la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le tube (3) à la forme d'un anneau fendu obturé, à ses deux extrémités en regard, par des parois frontales et transversales (6, 7). 2. A protective hood according to claim 1 characterized in that the tube (3) in the form of a split ring closed, at its two opposite ends, by front and transverse walls (6, 7).
3.- Cagoule de protection suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que le tube contenant l'oxygène sous pression comprend deux compartiments distincts, (3a, 3b) permettant d'obtenir une alimentation en oxygène avec deux débits différents, à savoir un fort débit initial pour obtenir un gonflage rapide de la cagoule puis un débit plus faible correspondant à la consommation normale d'oxygène par le porteur.3. A protective hood according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube containing the oxygen under pressure comprises two separate compartments (3a, 3b) making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, at know a high initial flow to obtain rapid inflation of the hood and a lower flow corresponding to the normal oxygen consumption by the wearer.
4.- Cagoule de protection suivant la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que le tube (3) contient une cloison de transversale (8) séparant les deux compartiments (3a, 3b) et qui est traversée par un capillaire ou un trou calibré (9) de plus petit diamètre que celui d'un capillaire ou trou calibré (10) percé dans une paroi frontale (6) du tube (3) et obturé par un organe de fermeture amovible (11) .4.- protective hood according to claim 3 characterized in that the tube (3) contains a transverse partition (8) separating the two compartments (3a, 3b) and which is crossed by a capillary or a calibrated hole (9) of smaller diameter than that of a capillary or calibrated hole (10) drilled in a front wall (6) of the tube (3) and closed by a removable closure member (11).
5.- Cagoule de protection suivant la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que l'organe de fermeture amovible (11) est actionné par un levier (12) pivotant autour d'un axe (13) et dont une branche s'étend vers l'intérieur de la cagoule de manière à être repoussée par la tête de la personne enfilant la cagoule.5. A protective hood according to claim 4 characterized in that the removable closing member (11) is actuated by a lever (12) pivoting about an axis (13) and one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood so as to be pushed back by the head of the person donning the hood.
6.- Cagoule de protection suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5 caractérisée en ce que l'organe de fermeture amovible (11) est constitué par un embout arrachable. 1.- Cagoule de protection suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6 caractérisée en ce que la paroi frontale (7) qui est opposée à la paroi frontale (6) portant l'embout (11), présente une partie centrale en creux (14) dans le fond de laquelle fait saillie un tube capillaire (15) débouchant à l'intérieur du ccmpart-ment (3b), ce tube capillaire se prolonge à l'extérieur en formant une hélice (16) dont l'extrémité est fermée et qui est déformable axialement en fonction de la pression régnant à l'intérieur du tube (3) , pour constituer ainsi un manomètre indiquant la pression résiduelle à l'intérieur du tube (3) . 8.- Cagoule de protection suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une seconde enveloppe externe souple (3) , imperméable aux gaz, qui est fixée le long de ses bords (4, 5), d'une manière étanche, à la première enveloppe (1) et la paroi de la première enveloppe étanche interne (1) est interrompue en au moins un endroit pour délimiter dans cette paroi une ouverture (6) en travers de laquelle est disposé un matelas (7) en matériau poreux dans lequel est iirmobilisé un produit absorbant le dioxyde de carbone et/ou l'eau. 6. A protective hood according to any one of claims 4 and 5 characterized in that the removable closure member (11) consists of a tear-off end. 1.- protective hood according to any one of claims 4 to 6 characterized in that the front wall (7) which is opposite to the front wall (6) carrying the end piece (11), has a hollow central part (14) at the bottom of which projects a capillary tube (15) opening into the interior of the compartment (3b), this capillary tube extends outside by forming a helix (16) the end of which is closed and which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube (3), thus constituting a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube (3). 8. A protective hood according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second flexible external envelope (3), impermeable to gases, which is fixed along its edges (4, 5), in a sealed manner, at the first envelope (1) and the wall of the first internal sealed envelope (1) is interrupted in at least one place to delimit in this wall an opening (6) through which a mattress (7) is disposed ) of porous material in which is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water.
EP86903410A 1985-05-31 1986-05-28 Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy Expired - Lifetime EP0223808B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508208 1985-05-31
FR8508208A FR2582524B1 (en) 1985-05-31 1985-05-31 PROTECTIVE HOOD AGAINST FUMES AND HYPOXIA

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EP0223808A1 true EP0223808A1 (en) 1987-06-03
EP0223808B1 EP0223808B1 (en) 1990-08-01

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EP (1) EP0223808B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0720496B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1296236C (en)
DE (1) DE3673132D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8704743A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2582524B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006971A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4889113A (en) 1989-12-26
FR2582524B1 (en) 1989-01-13
ES8704743A1 (en) 1987-04-16
ES555517A0 (en) 1987-04-16
CA1296236C (en) 1992-02-25
DE3673132D1 (en) 1990-09-06
EP0223808B1 (en) 1990-08-01
JPS62503014A (en) 1987-12-03
JPH0720496B2 (en) 1995-03-08
WO1986006971A1 (en) 1986-12-04
FR2582524A1 (en) 1986-12-05

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