EP0223797B1 - Crossbow - Google Patents

Crossbow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223797B1
EP0223797B1 EP86903180A EP86903180A EP0223797B1 EP 0223797 B1 EP0223797 B1 EP 0223797B1 EP 86903180 A EP86903180 A EP 86903180A EP 86903180 A EP86903180 A EP 86903180A EP 0223797 B1 EP0223797 B1 EP 0223797B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
cross
support
bow
spanning
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EP86903180A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0223797A1 (en
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Werner Schallberger
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86903180T priority Critical patent/ATE55482T1/en
Publication of EP0223797A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223797A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B5/00—Bows; Crossbows
    • F41B5/12—Crossbows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crossbow consisting of a support adjoining a stop piston and receiving the arrow guide, on which a bow can be attacked on the tendon of the bow anchored to a launching slide of the bow, which is anchored to the support, the launching slide by means of a one arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the support Horizontal axis pivotable clamping lever against a trigger device movable pushing element having lever-like actuated clamping device is provided.
  • Such a crossbow is known for example from Swiss Patent No. 384.409.
  • the clamping of such a high-performance crossbow requires a considerable force, which is why specially provided clamping devices are used.
  • a pushing element articulated on the yoke of the fork engages the launching slide coupled to the tendon when the tensioning lever is actuated and sets the latter in a ready-to-fire state under locking by the trigger device.
  • the use of this tensioning device is cumbersome manipulation when operating the weapon provided for this purpose and does not prove to be reliable in all cases. Accordingly, the constant provision and storage of such a tensioning device is cumbersome and impairs the shooting operation.
  • a crossbow is also known from EP-A-0041206, in which the tensioning of the bow can be accomplished by a three-part lever system provided above the support and the arrow guide.
  • the launching slide can be pushed back and latched in as far as the triggering device by means of a pushing element which engages in the pin of the launching slide projecting laterally from the slide guide. That in a hole, i.e. projectile accelerated from a barrel is not hindered by the tensioning device when it is fired, but the bulkiness of the lever system used here also requires removal of the tensioning device from the crossbow. In addition, with the alternative possible shooting of arrows from a channel on the top of a guide, a hindrance by the tensioning device can hardly be avoided.
  • a tensioning device which has a tensioning bracket which is arranged on the underside of the crossbow carrier and can be actuated by a pivoting movement and is pivotably connected to a bumper which can be displaced in the firing position in the firing position.
  • This clamping device cannot be sunk into the crossbow carrier and can only be attached to the underside of the weapon.
  • the large amount of space required for the cocking mechanism weakens the stability of the crossbow carrier or forces the cross-section to be larger, thereby impairing the precision of the weapon.
  • the FR-A-2,373,772 draws attention to a crossbow, the straps and pistons of which are pivotally connected on the underside about a horizontal axis.
  • the bow is tensioned by a downward pivoting movement of the piston or carrier, tension rods being provided at the front upper end on both sides of the piston, which have a driving pin which can be connected to the launching slide when the bow is tensioned.
  • a crossbow constructed in accordance with US Pat. No. 3,670,711 has a tensioning device in which the tensioning lever is pivotally arranged on the underside at the front end of the piston and has a retraction rod which runs on each side of the carrier and connects the launching slide to the tensioning lever.
  • This tensioning device which is attached outside the crossbow, creates a burden which is excessively tiring for the shooter, especially when the target is ready to fire due to the additional weight.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of creating a crossbow according to the type described at the beginning with a tensioning device which forms an integral part of the crossbow, enables the bow to be tensioned quickly and after the tensioning process can be placed in such a way that the bullet is not hindered on its path, the handling of the crossbow is not disturbed and can be accommodated in the crossbow as inconspicuously as possible.
  • this object is achieved in that, when the tensioning device is in the rest position, the pushing element, when viewed in the firing direction, is articulated on the tensioning lever in front of the pivot axis and the tensioning lever, which extends in the firing direction, is designed to be pivotable on the carrier from below below the arrow shooting path.
  • This tensioning device guarantees reliable shooting operation and is characterized by a pleasant operation and a simple construction.
  • a solution is advantageously distinguished if the tensioning lever end mounted on the carrier is fork-shaped, so that the tensioning lever on pins or protruding laterally from the carrier can be stored within the carrier, which in the rest position could also extend laterally on the carrier.
  • the carrier could have a longitudinal groove running approximately in the middle and receiving the tensioning lever, the carrier then being provided with recesses for carrying out the latter when the tensioning lever fork is mounted on the outside.
  • the distance between the articulation axis of the push element on the tensioning lever and the pivot axis of the tensioning lever is at least half the distance of the launching slide connected to the tendon from the trigger device, which allows a favorable design of the lever ratios.
  • the securing of the tensioning device against an unforeseen lifting of the tensioning lever from the longitudinal groove can be accomplished in that the front end of the carrier is provided with a locking device acting on the recessed tensioning lever.
  • the crossbow shown in the figures in different views and sections consists of a piston 1 and a carrier 2, which carries a bow or bow 3, which is stretched at its ends by a tendon 4.
  • a metallic insert 5 is embedded for strength and precision reasons, which includes the bow anchorage and the axis 20.
  • the sight 6 and the grain 7 of a target device are mounted somewhat laterally offset, and at the rear end a trigger device consisting of a release pawl 8 and a trigger 9 is arranged.
  • the metallic insert 5 has a slot 10 over its entire length, which continues over the entire length of the front carrier as a subsequent longitudinal groove 11.
  • the rear part of the insert 5 has side attachments 12 which protrude beyond the carrier 2 and form a sliding space 13 for a trigger slide 14 which is connected to the tendon 4.
  • the inner upper edges of the attachments 12 are chamfered and form a wedge-shaped guide 15 for the projectile or the arrow, which is fired from a precise firing path after the trigger slide 14 has been released from the release pawl 8.
  • the rear end of the trigger carriage is provided with a retaining bracket 16 which engages in the release pawl 8, and on the top of the trigger carriage 14 an extension 17 projecting from the slot 10 is provided, which carries a holder 18 for the tendon 4. The tendon is held in such a position that the driving force acting upon launching acts on the center of the projectile or arrow.
  • a quick-action clamping device for tensioning the arch 3, consists of a lever system with two elements, namely a tensioning lever 19 which is arranged in the carrier 2 so as to be rotatable about an axis 20 lying transversely thereto and a pushing element 22.
  • the axis 20 lies in the front part of the slot 10 of the metallic insert 5 between the arch 3 and the resting point of the tendon 4.
  • the tensioning lever 19 is provided with an elongated recess 21 into which a pushing element 22 of smaller thickness engages and at a pivot point 23 in one certain distance from the axis 20 is articulated.
  • the recess 21 is dimensioned such that it is able to completely receive the push element 22 when the tensioning device is in the inserted state, apart from its free end.
  • This free end has a recess 24 which, during the tensioning process, can engage in a complementarily or positively shaped projection 25 of the trigger slide 14.
  • the metallic insert 5 and the adjoining front part of the carrier 2 in continuation of the slot 10 for the slide movement, are provided with the corresponding longitudinal groove sections 11, 26, which are dimensioned in this way that the tensioning device when folding back into the extended position (rest position) together with the pushing element 22 lying in the recess 21 of the tensioning lever 19 is completely received by the carrier 2 or may not protrude in an obstructive manner.
  • the adjoining longitudinal groove section 11 has a greater depth than the slot 10 for the slide guide, so that the push element 22 comes to lie completely below the trigger slide 14 in the folded-back state and a collision when fired is avoided.
  • a pawl 28 provided at the front end of the carrier 2, which latches into a recess 28 at the front end of the tensioning lever 19.
  • a stop 29 in the longitudinal groove section 26 can ensure that the push element 22 is completely pressed under the slide guide 10.
  • a resilient supporting element 30 acting in the opposite direction can be provided in the rear part of the deeper longitudinal groove section 26, which at the beginning of the tensioning process raises the free end of the pushing element 22 to such an extent that it engages in the projection 25 of the trigger slide 14 with ease.
  • the lifting of the push element 22 can be made easier by chamfering the trigger slide on the front and the push element on the underside of the front end.
  • the tensioning lever 19 instead of being provided on the upper side with a recess for receiving the pushing element 22, can also have a continuous slot and thus be designed as a fork which can be sunk into the carrier 2 together with the pushing element.
  • the tensioning lever 19 can also be designed as a solid rod, to which the likewise massive pushing element 22 is articulated laterally.
  • the longitudinal groove section 26 in the carrier 2 is dimensioned such that it can accommodate the parts of the tensioning device.
  • a crossbow can be cocked particularly quickly and very easily with the clamping devices described. It is particularly advantageous that the crossbow can be stretched backwards by a pulling movement, i.e. that it remains in the position of use during tensioning and can be supported on the body with the piston, and that the tensioning device can be brought into an inconspicuous, non-disturbing rest position by simply folding back. The handling of the crossbow and the tensioning device is much easier.
  • the clamping lever 19 can be subdivided approximately in the region of its pivot point 23 while maintaining the basic structure of the lever system described and illustrated so far.
  • the first lever arm 41 of the clamping lever 19 is angled in the region of the pivot point 23 and the likewise angled second lever arm 44 is pivotally connected to the former 41 by a common axis 43 arranged transversely to both lever arms 41, 44, so that the clamping lever divided in this way 19 essentially acts as a lever which can be bent continuously at the position of the axis 43 and which is variable in length in its effective length, as a result of which the minimal basic structure of a two-lever system 19, 22 is maintained when it is used.
  • the length-adjustable clamping lever divided in this way has a rigid structure of a one-piece lever when the crossbow is tensioned from a predeterminable pivoting about the axis 20 by the aforementioned abutment becoming effective, but with the Another advantage is that when the crossbow is stretched, a variable force effect makes it easier and faster to stretch.
  • the unit formed in the illustrated example from the piston 1 and the carrier 2 and carrying almost all crossbow parts consists of at least one non-metallic material, such as wood or plastic.
  • the parts interacting in the frictional connection between the arch 3 and the axis 20 are arranged in a mechanically heavy-duty metallic insert 5 of the aforementioned unit in order to be able to intensively stress the crossbow with the lowest possible overall weight.
  • the system consisting of the piston 1 and the carrier 2 and carrying the integrated quick-action clamping device is made of only one material, for example a composite of different components, or else is made from a metal.
  • the crossbow according to the invention has the spatial shape of a supposed crossbar-free crossbow with extensive integration of the quick release device.
  • the invention is characterized by a small number of parts for the integrated quick release device by simple and safe interaction of the required parts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

The crossbow comprises a support (2) provided with an arrow guiding groove and a string (4) stretched by a bow (3). A bending device (19, 22) enables to set the crossbow in a shooting position. Said device comprises a lever (19) articulated to the support (2) and a pusher (22) pivoted on the lever and co-operating with a slide (14) connected to the string (4). A longitudinal groove (11, 26) is provided at the middle of the upper side of the support (2) and is intended to house the bending device (19, 22) when at rest.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Armbrust, bestehend aus einem an einen Anschlagkolben anschliessenden, die Pfeilführung aufnehmenden Träger, an welchem eine an der mit einem Abschussschlitten verbundenen Sehne des spannbar am Träger verankerten Bogens angreifbare, ein den Abschussschlitten mittels eines um eine quer zur Längsachse des Trägers angeordnete Horizontalachse schwenkbaren Spannhebels gegen eine Abzugvorrichtung bewegbares Stosselement aufweisende, hebelartig betätigbare Spannvorrichtung vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a crossbow consisting of a support adjoining a stop piston and receiving the arrow guide, on which a bow can be attacked on the tendon of the bow anchored to a launching slide of the bow, which is anchored to the support, the launching slide by means of a one arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the support Horizontal axis pivotable clamping lever against a trigger device movable pushing element having lever-like actuated clamping device is provided.

Eine solche Armbrust ist beispielsweise aus dem Schweizer Patent Nr. 384,409 bekannt. Das Spannen einer derartigen Hochleistungs- Armbrust erfordert eine erhebliche Kraft, weshalb speziell vorgesehene Spannvorrichtungen verwendet werden. Es sind u.a. an beiden Seiten der Armbrust fluchtend abstehende Zapfen vorgesehen, auf die eine Gabel einer hebelartig ausgebildeten Spannvorrichtung aufgesetzt werden kann. Ein an dem Joch der Gabel angelenktes Stosselement greift bei Betätigung des Spannhebels an dem mit der Sehne gekuppelten Abschussschlitten an und versetzt letzteren unter Verriegelung durch die Abzugvorrichtung in Schussbereitschaft. Die Benützung dieser Spannvorrichtung stellt eine schwerfällige Manipulierbarkeit bei der Betätigung der dafür vorgesehenen Waffe dar und erweist sich nicht in allen Fällen als zuverlässig. Dementsprechend ist die ständige Bereitstellung und Aufbewahrung einer solchen Spannvorrichtung umständlich und beeinträchtigt den Schiessbetrieb.Such a crossbow is known for example from Swiss Patent No. 384.409. The clamping of such a high-performance crossbow requires a considerable force, which is why specially provided clamping devices are used. There are On both sides of the crossbow protruding pins are provided, on which a fork of a lever-like clamping device can be placed. A pushing element articulated on the yoke of the fork engages the launching slide coupled to the tendon when the tensioning lever is actuated and sets the latter in a ready-to-fire state under locking by the trigger device. The use of this tensioning device is cumbersome manipulation when operating the weapon provided for this purpose and does not prove to be reliable in all cases. Accordingly, the constant provision and storage of such a tensioning device is cumbersome and impairs the shooting operation.

Aus der EP-A-0041206 ist weiterhin eine Armbrust bekannt, bei der das Spannen des Bogens durch ein oberhalb des Trägers und der Pfeilführung vorgesehenen dreiteiligen Hebelsystems bewerkstelligt werden kann.A crossbow is also known from EP-A-0041206, in which the tensioning of the bow can be accomplished by a three-part lever system provided above the support and the arrow guide.

Mittels eines in seitlich aus der Schlittenführung herausragende Zapfen des Abschussschlittens eingreifenden Stosselementes kann der Abschussschlitten bis zur Abzugsvorrichtung zurückgestossen und eingeklinkt werden. Das in einer Bohrung, d.h. aus einem Lauf beschleunigte Geschoss wird beim Abschuss durch die Spannvorrichtung nicht behindert, jedoch erfordert die Sperrigkeit des verwendenten Hebelsystems auch hier ein Entfernen der Spannvorrichtung von der Armbrust. Zudem ist bei derm alternativ möglichen Abschuss von Pfeilen aus einer Rinne an der Oberseite einer Führung eine Behinderung durch die Spannvorrichtung kaum vermeidbar.The launching slide can be pushed back and latched in as far as the triggering device by means of a pushing element which engages in the pin of the launching slide projecting laterally from the slide guide. That in a hole, i.e. projectile accelerated from a barrel is not hindered by the tensioning device when it is fired, but the bulkiness of the lever system used here also requires removal of the tensioning device from the crossbow. In addition, with the alternative possible shooting of arrows from a channel on the top of a guide, a hindrance by the tensioning device can hardly be avoided.

Bei einer Armbrust nach den vorveröffentlichten Schweizer Patenten Nrn. 43,791 und 44,542 ist eine Spannvorrichtung vorgesehen, die einen an der Unterseite des Trägers der Armbrust angeordneten durch eine Schwenkbewegung betätigbaren Spannbügel aufweist, der mit einem den Abschussschlitten in Abschussposition verschiebbaren Stossstange schwenkbar verbunden ist. Diese Spannvorrichtung lässt sich nicht im Träger der Armbrust versenken und ist nur an der Unterseite der Waffe anbringbar. Der erforderliche grosse Raumbedarf für den Spannmechanismus schwächt die Stabilität des Trägers der Armbrust bzw. zwingt zu grösserem Trägerquerschnitt und beeinträchtigt dadurch die präzision der Waffe.In the case of a crossbow according to the previously published Swiss Patent Nos. 43,791 and 44,542, a tensioning device is provided which has a tensioning bracket which is arranged on the underside of the crossbow carrier and can be actuated by a pivoting movement and is pivotably connected to a bumper which can be displaced in the firing position in the firing position. This clamping device cannot be sunk into the crossbow carrier and can only be attached to the underside of the weapon. The large amount of space required for the cocking mechanism weakens the stability of the crossbow carrier or forces the cross-section to be larger, thereby impairing the precision of the weapon.

Die FR-A-2,373,772 macht auf eine Armbrust aufmerksam, deren Träger und Kolben an der Unterseite um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar verbunden sind. Das Spannen des Bogens erfolgt durch eine nach unten gerichtete Schwenkbewegung des Kolbens oder Trägers, wobei am vorderen oberen Ende beidseits des Kolbens Spannstangen vorgesehen sind, die einen beim Spannen des Bogens mit dem Abschussschlitten in Verbindung bringbaren Mitnahmezapfen aufweisen.The FR-A-2,373,772 draws attention to a crossbow, the straps and pistons of which are pivotally connected on the underside about a horizontal axis. The bow is tensioned by a downward pivoting movement of the piston or carrier, tension rods being provided at the front upper end on both sides of the piston, which have a driving pin which can be connected to the launching slide when the bow is tensioned.

Diese hebelartige Betätigungseinrichtung erfordert aufgrund des relativ kurzen Hebelarms eine grosse Kraftanstrengung beim Spannvorgang. Durch die Verschwenkbarkeit zwischen Kolben und Träger wird die sich auf die Schiesspräzision auswirkende Stabilität der Armbrust ungünstig beeinflusst.Due to the relatively short lever arm, this lever-like actuating device requires a great deal of effort during the tensioning process. The stability of the crossbow, which affects the shooting precision, is adversely affected by the pivotability between the piston and the carrier.

Eine nach der US-A-3,670,711 konstruierte Armbrust besitzt eine Spannvorrichtung, bei der der Spannhebel an der Unterseite schwenkbar am vorderen Ende des Kolbens angeordnet ist und die an jeder Seite des Trägers verlaufende, den Abschussschlitten mit dem Spannhebel verbindende Rückzugstange aufweist.A crossbow constructed in accordance with US Pat. No. 3,670,711 has a tensioning device in which the tensioning lever is pivotally arranged on the underside at the front end of the piston and has a retraction rod which runs on each side of the carrier and connects the launching slide to the tensioning lever.

Diese ausserhalb der Armbrust angebrachte Spannvorrichtung erzeugt insbesondere bei Schiessbereitschaft durch das zusätzliche Gewicht, eine den Schützen übergebührlich ermüdende Belastung.This tensioning device, which is attached outside the crossbow, creates a burden which is excessively tiring for the shooter, especially when the target is ready to fire due to the additional weight.

Ausgehend von den oben beanstandeten Unzulänglichkeiten und verbesserungsbedürftigen Konstruktionen des Standes der Technik, hat sich der Erfinder die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Armbrust nach der eingangs beschriebenen Art mit einer Spannvorrichtung zu schaffen, die einen integrierenden Bestandteil der Armbrust bildet, ein schnelles Spannen des Bogens ermöglicht und nach dem Spannvorgang so platziert werden kann, dass durch sie das Geschoss auf seiner Bahn nicht behindert wird, die Handhabung der Armbrust nicht gestört und möglichst unauffällig in der Armbrust untergebracht werden kann.On the basis of the above-mentioned shortcomings and constructions of the prior art in need of improvement, the inventor has set himself the task of creating a crossbow according to the type described at the beginning with a tensioning device which forms an integral part of the crossbow, enables the bow to be tensioned quickly and after the tensioning process can be placed in such a way that the bullet is not hindered on its path, the handling of the crossbow is not disturbed and can be accommodated in the crossbow as inconspicuously as possible.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass in der Ruhelage der Spannvorrichtung das Stosselement in Schussrichtung betrachtet vor der Schwenkachse des Spannhebels an diesem angelenkt ist und der sich in Schussrichtung erstreckende Spannhebel schwenkbar von oben unterhalb der Pfeilschussbahn am Träger versenkbar ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, when the tensioning device is in the rest position, the pushing element, when viewed in the firing direction, is articulated on the tensioning lever in front of the pivot axis and the tensioning lever, which extends in the firing direction, is designed to be pivotable on the carrier from below below the arrow shooting path.

Diese Spannvorrichtung bietet Gewähr für einen zuverlässigen Schiessbetrieb und zeichnet sich durch eine angenehme Bedienungsweise und einen einfachen Konstruktionaufbau aus.This tensioning device guarantees reliable shooting operation and is characterized by a pleasant operation and a simple construction.

Vorteilhaft zeichnet sich eine Lösung aus, wenn das am Träger lagernde Spannhebelende gabelförmig ausgebildet ist, so dass der Spannhebel an seitlich des Trägers abstehenden Zapfen oder innerhalb des Trägers gelagert werden kann, wobei er in der Ruhelage auch seitlich am Träger liegend sich erstrecken könnte.A solution is advantageously distinguished if the tensioning lever end mounted on the carrier is fork-shaped, so that the tensioning lever on pins or protruding laterally from the carrier can be stored within the carrier, which in the rest position could also extend laterally on the carrier.

Alternativ könnte der Träger eine etwa mittig velaufende, den Spannhebel aufnehmende Längsnut aufweisen, wobei dann der Träger bei aussen lagernder Spannhebelgabel mit Ausnehmungen zur Durchführung letzterer versehen ist.Alternatively, the carrier could have a longitudinal groove running approximately in the middle and receiving the tensioning lever, the carrier then being provided with recesses for carrying out the latter when the tensioning lever fork is mounted on the outside.

Als besonders günstig erweist es sich, wenn das dem an dem Abschussschlitten angreifenden Ende gegenüberliegende Ende des Stosselementes in einer an dem Spannhebel von dessen schwenklagerseitigen Ende aus sich längserstrekkenden Ausnehmung angelenkt ist, derart, dass bei eingelegter Spannvorrichtung Spannhebel und Stosselement zumindest annähernd parallel zur Pfeilschussbahn angeordnet sind, wodurch auf einfache Weise eine anspruchslose Spannvorrichtung mit geringem Raumbedarf in der Ruhelage erreicht wird.It proves to be particularly favorable if the end of the push element opposite the end engaging on the launching slide is articulated in a recess extending longitudinally on the tension lever from its end on the pivot bearing side, such that when the tensioning device is inserted, the tension lever and push element are arranged at least approximately parallel to the arrow shooting path are, whereby an undemanding clamping device with little space requirement is achieved in the rest position in a simple manner.

Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, wenn der Abstand zwischen der Anlenkachse des Stosselementes an dem Spannhebel und der Schwenkachse des Spannhebels wenigstens die Hälfte der Wegstrecke des mit der Sehne verbundenen Abschussschlittens von der Abzugsvorrichtung beträgt, was eine günstige Auslegung der Hebelverhältnisse zulässt.It proves to be advantageous if the distance between the articulation axis of the push element on the tensioning lever and the pivot axis of the tensioning lever is at least half the distance of the launching slide connected to the tendon from the trigger device, which allows a favorable design of the lever ratios.

Die Sicherung der Spannvorrichtung gegen ein unvorhergesehenes Anheben des Spannhebels aus der Längsnut lässt sich dadurch bewerkstelligen, dass das vordere Ende des Trägers mit einer auf den versenkten Spannhebel einwirkenden Arretiervorrichtung versehen ist.The securing of the tensioning device against an unforeseen lifting of the tensioning lever from the longitudinal groove can be accomplished in that the front end of the carrier is provided with a locking device acting on the recessed tensioning lever.

Anschliessend wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert.The invention is then explained using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.

Es zeigen.Show it.

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Armbrust mit entriegeltem Spannhebe1,1 is a perspective view of the crossbow with unlocked cocking lever 1,
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht der Armbrust in Ruhestellung,2 is a side view of the crossbow in the rest position,
  • Fig. 3 einen Vertikalschnitt nach Ebene A-A in Fig. 2,3 shows a vertical section according to plane A-A in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt nach Ebene B-B in Fig. 2,4 shows a vertical section according to plane B-B in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt nach Ebene C-C in Fig. 2,5 shows a vertical section according to plane C-C in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 6 einen Vertikalschnitt nach Ebene D-D in Fig. 2 undFig. 6 is a vertical section on the plane D-D in Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 7 eine alternative Ausführungsform der Spannvorrichtung in perspektivischer Darstellung.Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the tensioning device in a perspective view.

Die in den Figuren in verschiedenen Ansichten und Schnitten dargestellte Armbrust besteht aus einem Kolben 1 und einem Träger 2, der einen Bügel oder Bogen 3 trägt, der an seinen Enden durch eine Sehne 4 gespannt ist. Im hölzernen Träger 2 ist ein aus Festigkeits- und Präzisionsgründen metallischer Einsatz 5 eingelassen, der die Bogenverankerung und die Achse 20 umfasst. Am hinteren und am vorderen Teil des Trägers 2 sind das Visier 6 und das Korn 7 einer Zielvorrichtung etwas seitlich versetzt angebracht, und am rückwärtigen Ende ist eine aus einer Auslöseklinke 8 und einem Abzug 9 bestehende Abzugvorrichtung angeordnet. Der metallische Einsatz 5 weist über seine ganze Länge einen Schlitz 10 auf, der sich über die gesamte Länge des vorderen Trägers als anschliessende Längsnut 11 fortsetzt. Weiterhin weist der hintere Teil des Einsatzes 5 seitliche Aufsätze 12 auf, die über den Träger 2 hinausragen und einen Gleitraum 13 für einen Abzugschlitten 14 bilden, der mit der Sehne 4 verbunden ist. Die inneren oberen Kanten der Aufsätze 12 sind abgeschrägt und bilden eine keilförmige Führung 15 für das Geschoss bzw. den Pfei1, der nach Auslösung des Abzugschlittens 14 aus der Auslöseklinke 8 aus einer präzisen Schussbahn abgeschossen wird. Zu diesem Zweck ist das hintere Ende des Abzugschlittens mit einem Haltebügel 16 versehen, der in die Auslöseklinke 8 eingreift, und an der Oberseite des Abzugschlittens 14 ist ein aus dem Schlitz 10 herausragender Fortsatz 17 vorgesehen, der eine Halterung 18 für die Sehne 4 trägt. Die Sehne wird dadurch in einer solchen Position gehalten, dass die beim Abschuss wirkende Antriebskraft im Zentrum des Projektils oder Pfeiles angreift.The crossbow shown in the figures in different views and sections consists of a piston 1 and a carrier 2, which carries a bow or bow 3, which is stretched at its ends by a tendon 4. In the wooden carrier 2, a metallic insert 5 is embedded for strength and precision reasons, which includes the bow anchorage and the axis 20. On the rear and on the front part of the carrier 2, the sight 6 and the grain 7 of a target device are mounted somewhat laterally offset, and at the rear end a trigger device consisting of a release pawl 8 and a trigger 9 is arranged. The metallic insert 5 has a slot 10 over its entire length, which continues over the entire length of the front carrier as a subsequent longitudinal groove 11. Furthermore, the rear part of the insert 5 has side attachments 12 which protrude beyond the carrier 2 and form a sliding space 13 for a trigger slide 14 which is connected to the tendon 4. The inner upper edges of the attachments 12 are chamfered and form a wedge-shaped guide 15 for the projectile or the arrow, which is fired from a precise firing path after the trigger slide 14 has been released from the release pawl 8. For this purpose, the rear end of the trigger carriage is provided with a retaining bracket 16 which engages in the release pawl 8, and on the top of the trigger carriage 14 an extension 17 projecting from the slot 10 is provided, which carries a holder 18 for the tendon 4. The tendon is held in such a position that the driving force acting upon launching acts on the center of the projectile or arrow.

Zum Spannen des Bogens 3 ist eine Schnellspannvorrichtung vorgesehen, die aus einem Hebelsystem mit zwei Elementen besteht, nämlich einem Spannhebel 19, der im Träger 2 um eine quer zu diesem liegende Achse 20 drehbar angeordnet ist und einem Stosselement 22. Die Achse 20 liegt dabei im vorderen Teil des Schlitzes 10 des metallischen Einsatzes 5 zwischen dem Bogen 3 und dem Ruhepunkt der Sehne 4. Im unteren Teil ist der Spannhebel 19 mit einer sich längserstreckenden Ausnehmung 21 versehen, in die ein Stosselement 22 geringerer Dicke eingreift und an einem Drehpunkt 23 in einem gewissen Abstand von der Achse 20 angelenkt ist. Die Ausnehmung 21 ist dabei so bemessen, dass sie das Stosselement 22 im eingelegten Zustand der Spannvorrichtung, abgesehen von seinem freien Ende, vollständig aufzunehmen vermag. Dieses freie Ende weist eine Vertiefung 24 auf, die beim Spannvorgang in einen komplementär bzw. formschlüssig geformten Vorsprung 25 des Abzugschlittens 14 einzugreifen vermag. Bei einer Bewegung des Spannhebels 19 aus der Ruhelage gegen das hintere Ende der Armbrust wird der Abzugschlitten 14 bis zum Einklinken in den Haltebügel 18 der Abzugvorrichtung nach hinten gedrückt. Um eine einwandfreie Funktion gewährleisten zu können, muss dabei der Abstand der Achse 20 vom Drehpunkt 23 etwas mehr als die Hälfte des Spannweges des Schlittens 14 oder der Sehne 4 betragen.For tensioning the arch 3, a quick-action clamping device is provided, which consists of a lever system with two elements, namely a tensioning lever 19 which is arranged in the carrier 2 so as to be rotatable about an axis 20 lying transversely thereto and a pushing element 22. The axis 20 lies in the front part of the slot 10 of the metallic insert 5 between the arch 3 and the resting point of the tendon 4. In the lower part, the tensioning lever 19 is provided with an elongated recess 21 into which a pushing element 22 of smaller thickness engages and at a pivot point 23 in one certain distance from the axis 20 is articulated. The recess 21 is dimensioned such that it is able to completely receive the push element 22 when the tensioning device is in the inserted state, apart from its free end. This free end has a recess 24 which, during the tensioning process, can engage in a complementarily or positively shaped projection 25 of the trigger slide 14. When the tensioning lever 19 moves out of the rest position against the rear end of the crossbow, the trigger slide 14 is pushed back until it latches into the retaining bracket 18 of the trigger device. In order to ensure proper functioning, the distance between the axis 20 and the pivot point 23 must be slightly more than half the span of the slide 14 or the chord 4.

Um nach Beendigung des Spannvorganges die Spannvorrichtung unauffällig und ohne Behinderung des Abschussvorganges unterbringen zu können, ist der metallische Einsatz 5 und der anschliessende Vorderteil des Trägers 2 in Fortsetzung des Schlitzes 10 für die Schlittenbewegung mit den entsprechenden Längsnutabschnitten 11,26 versehen, die so bemessen sind, dass die Spannvorrichtung beim Zurückklappen in die gestreckte Lage (Ruhestellung) zusammen mit dem in der Ausnehmung 21 des Spannhebels 19 liegenden Stosselement 22 vollständig vom Träger 2 aufgenommen wird oder gegebenenfalls nicht hindernd herausragen kann. Damit die Bewegung des Abzugschlittens 14 beim Zurückschnellen nicht behindert wird, weist der anschliessende Längsnutabschnitt 11 eine grössere Tiefe auf als der Schlitz 10 für die Schlittenführung, so dass das Stosselement 22 im zurückgeklappten Zustand vollständig unterhalb des Abzugschlittens 14 zu liegen kommt und ein Zusammenprall beim Abschuss vermieden wird.In order to be able to accommodate the tensioning device inconspicuously and without obstructing the launching process after the end of the tensioning process, the metallic insert 5 and the adjoining front part of the carrier 2, in continuation of the slot 10 for the slide movement, are provided with the corresponding longitudinal groove sections 11, 26, which are dimensioned in this way that the tensioning device when folding back into the extended position (rest position) together with the pushing element 22 lying in the recess 21 of the tensioning lever 19 is completely received by the carrier 2 or may not protrude in an obstructive manner. So that the movement of the trigger slide 14 is not hindered when it snaps back, the adjoining longitudinal groove section 11 has a greater depth than the slot 10 for the slide guide, so that the push element 22 comes to lie completely below the trigger slide 14 in the folded-back state and a collision when fired is avoided.

Zur Vermeidung eines selbständigen Lösens der Spannvorrichtung aus der Ruhestellung, ist es zweckmässig, den Spannhebel 19 im Träger 2 zu arretieren, z.B. durch eine am vorderen Ende des Trägers 2 vorgesehene Klinke 28, die in eine Aussparung 28 am Vorderende des Spannhebels 19 einrastet. Durch einen Anschlag 29 im Längsnutabschnitt 26 kann dabei sichergestellt werden, dass das Stosselement 22 zur Gänze unter die Schlittenführung 10 gedrückt wird. Andererseits kann im hinteren Teil des tieferen Längsnutabschnittes 26 ein in Gegenrichtung wirkendes federndes Abstützelement 30 vorgesehen sein, das zu Beginn des Spannvorganges das freie Ende des Stosselementes 22 so weit anhebt, dass es ohne Mühe in den Vorsprung 25 des Abzugschlittens 14 eingreift. Das Anheben des Stosselementes 22 kann dabei noch durch Anschrägen des Abzugschlittens an der Vorderseite und des Stosselementes an der Unterseite des Vorderendes erleichtert werden.To avoid an independent release of the tensioning device from the rest position, it is advisable to lock the tensioning lever 19 in the carrier 2, e.g. by a pawl 28 provided at the front end of the carrier 2, which latches into a recess 28 at the front end of the tensioning lever 19. A stop 29 in the longitudinal groove section 26 can ensure that the push element 22 is completely pressed under the slide guide 10. On the other hand, a resilient supporting element 30 acting in the opposite direction can be provided in the rear part of the deeper longitudinal groove section 26, which at the beginning of the tensioning process raises the free end of the pushing element 22 to such an extent that it engages in the projection 25 of the trigger slide 14 with ease. The lifting of the push element 22 can be made easier by chamfering the trigger slide on the front and the push element on the underside of the front end.

Alternativ kann beispielsweise der Spannhebel 19 anstatt an der Oberseite mit einer Ausnehmung zur Aufnahme des Stosselementes 22 versehen zu sein, auch einen durchgehenden Schlitz aufweisen und somit als Gabel ausgebildet sein, die zusammen mit dem Stosselement in den Träger 2 versenkbar ist. Andererseits kann der Spannhebel 19 auch als massive Stange ausgeführt sein, an die das gleichfalls massiv ausgeführte Stosselement 22 seitlich angelenkt ist. Auch hier ist der Längsnutabschnitt 26 im Träger 2 so bemessen, dass er die Teile der Spannvorrichtung aufzunehmen vermag.Alternatively, for example, the tensioning lever 19, instead of being provided on the upper side with a recess for receiving the pushing element 22, can also have a continuous slot and thus be designed as a fork which can be sunk into the carrier 2 together with the pushing element. On the other hand, the tensioning lever 19 can also be designed as a solid rod, to which the likewise massive pushing element 22 is articulated laterally. Here, too, the longitudinal groove section 26 in the carrier 2 is dimensioned such that it can accommodate the parts of the tensioning device.

In jedem Falle kann mit den beschriebenen Spannvorrichtungen eine Armbrust besonders schnell und sehr einfach gespannt werden. Vorteilhaft ist insbesondere, dass die Armbrust durch eine Zugbewegung nach hinten gespannt werden kann, d.h. dass sie beim Spannen in Gebrauchsstellung bleibt und mit dem Kolben am Körper abgestützt werden kann, und dass die Spannvorrichtung durch einfaches Zurückklappen in eine unauffällige, nicht störene Ruhestellung gebracht werden kann. Die Handhabung der Armbrust und der Spannvorrichtung wird dadurch wesentlich erleichtert.In any case, a crossbow can be cocked particularly quickly and very easily with the clamping devices described. It is particularly advantageous that the crossbow can be stretched backwards by a pulling movement, i.e. that it remains in the position of use during tensioning and can be supported on the body with the piston, and that the tensioning device can be brought into an inconspicuous, non-disturbing rest position by simply folding back. The handling of the crossbow and the tensioning device is much easier.

In vorteilhafter Weiterausbildung der Erfindung kann unter Beibehaltung der bisher beschriebenen sowie abgebildeten Grundstruktur des Hebelsystems der Spannhebel 19 etwa im Bereich seines Drehpunktes 23 unterteilt sein. Im Besonderen ist hierbei der erste Hebelarm 41 des Spannhebels 19 im Bereich des Drehpunktes 23 abgewinkelt und der ebenfalls abgewinkelte zweite Hebelarm 44 mit ersterem 41 durch eine quer zu beiden Hebelarmen 41,44 angeordnete gemeinsame Achse 43 gegeneinander verschwenkbar verbunden, so dass der derart unterteilte Spannhebel 19 im wesentlichen als ein an der Stelle der Achse 43 stetig abwinkelbarer, in seiner wirksamen Länge längenveränderlicher Hebel wirkt, wodurch bei seinem Einsatz die minimale Grundstruktur eines Zweihebelsystems 19, 22 gewahrt bleibt. Weil der erste Hebelarm 41 als Widerlager des anderen Hebelarmes 44 ausgebildet ist, weist der so unterteilte, längenveränderliche Spannhebel beim Spannen der Armbrust ab einer vorgebbaren Verschwenkung um die Achse 20 durch Wirksamwerden des vorgenannten Widerlagers ausserdem die starre Struktur eines einteiligen Hebels auf, jedoch mit dem weiteren Vortei1, dass beim Spannen der Armbrust durch eine veränderliche Kraftwirkung ein erleichtertes und zugleich schnelleres Spannen erreicht wird.In an advantageous further development of the invention, the clamping lever 19 can be subdivided approximately in the region of its pivot point 23 while maintaining the basic structure of the lever system described and illustrated so far. In particular, the first lever arm 41 of the clamping lever 19 is angled in the region of the pivot point 23 and the likewise angled second lever arm 44 is pivotally connected to the former 41 by a common axis 43 arranged transversely to both lever arms 41, 44, so that the clamping lever divided in this way 19 essentially acts as a lever which can be bent continuously at the position of the axis 43 and which is variable in length in its effective length, as a result of which the minimal basic structure of a two-lever system 19, 22 is maintained when it is used. Because the first lever arm 41 is designed as an abutment of the other lever arm 44, the length-adjustable clamping lever divided in this way has a rigid structure of a one-piece lever when the crossbow is tensioned from a predeterminable pivoting about the axis 20 by the aforementioned abutment becoming effective, but with the Another advantage is that when the crossbow is stretched, a variable force effect makes it easier and faster to stretch.

Zur Wahrung eines günstigen Gewichtes der Armbrust mit integrierter Schnellspannvorrichtung, besteht die im dargestellten Beispiel aus dem Kolben 1 und dem Träger 2 gebildete, fast alle Armbrustteile tragende Einheit aus wenigstens einem nicht metallischen Werkstoff, wie Holz oder Kunststoff. Die im Kraftschluss zusammenwirkenden Teile zwischen Bogen 3 und Achse 20 sind in einem mechanisch hochbelastbaren metallischen Einsatz 5 der vorgenannten Einheit angeordnet, um die Armbrust bei möglichst geringem Gesamtgewicht intensiv beanspruchen zu können. Zur Sicherstellung einer hohen Beanspruchbarkeit des Erfindungsgegenstandes bei gleichzeitiger Erhaltung der Präzision, ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn das aus dem Kolben 1 und dem Träger 2 bestehende, die intergrierte Schnellspannvorrichtung mittragende System aus nur einem Werkstoff, beispielsweise einem Verbundstoff aus verschiedenen Komponenten, oder auch aus einem Metall hergestellt wird.In order to maintain a favorable weight of the crossbow with an integrated quick-release device, the unit formed in the illustrated example from the piston 1 and the carrier 2 and carrying almost all crossbow parts consists of at least one non-metallic material, such as wood or plastic. The parts interacting in the frictional connection between the arch 3 and the axis 20 are arranged in a mechanically heavy-duty metallic insert 5 of the aforementioned unit in order to be able to intensively stress the crossbow with the lowest possible overall weight. To ensure that the subject matter of the invention can be subjected to high stress while maintaining precision, it is particularly advantageous if the system consisting of the piston 1 and the carrier 2 and carrying the integrated quick-action clamping device is made of only one material, for example a composite of different components, or else is made from a metal.

Die Armbrust nach der Erfindung weist bei umfassender Integration der Schnellspannvorrichtung die Raumform einer vermeintlich spannvorrichtungsfreien Armbrust auf.The crossbow according to the invention has the spatial shape of a supposed crossbar-free crossbow with extensive integration of the quick release device.

Kurz zusammengefasst zeichnet sich die Erfindung bei einer geringen Anzahl an Teilen für die integrierte Schnellspannvorrichtung durch einfaches und sicheres Zusammenwirken der erforderlichen Teile aus.Briefly summarized, the invention is characterized by a small number of parts for the integrated quick release device by simple and safe interaction of the required parts.

Claims (15)

1. A cross-bow consisting of a support (2) following on a shoulder stock (1) and receiving the bolt guide, on which support there is provided a bending device (19, 22) which can be actuated in a lever-like manner and can act on the string (4) of the bow (3) anchored for bending on the support (2), said string being connected to a launching slide (14), and which comprises a pusher element (22) which can move the launching slide (14) towards a trigger mechanism by means of a spanning lever (19) pivotable about a horizontal axis arranged transversely to the longitudinal extent of the support (2), characterised in that, in the position of rest of the bending device (19, 22), the pusher element (22) is articulated on the spanning lever (19) in front of the pivot pin (20) thereof, seen in the shooting direction, and the spanning lever (19) extending in the shooting direction is adapted to be pivotally lowered from above to below the bow shot path on the support (2).
2. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the end of the spanning lever mounted on the support (2) is made forked.
3. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support (2) comprises a longitudinal groove (11, 26) extending substantially centrally and receiving at least the spanning lever (19) at least partially.
4. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the end of the pusher element (22) situated opposite to the end (41) acting on the launching slide (14) is articulated in a recess (21) extending longitudinally on the spanning lever (19) from its end at the pivot bearing side, in such a mannerthat, when the bending device (19, 22) is inserted, spanning lever (19) and pusher element (22) are arranged at least substantially parallel to the path of the bow shot.
5. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the distance between the joint pin (23) of the pusher element (22) on the spanning lever (19) and the pivot pin (20) of the spanning lever (19) amounts to at least half the distance of the launching slide (14), connected to the string (4), from the trigger mechanism (8).
6. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the front end of the support (2) is provided with a locking device (28) acting on the sunk spanning lever (19).
7. A cross-bow according to Claim 1, characterised in that the path of movement of the launching slide (14) is provided on the support (2).
8. A cross-bow according to Claim 7, characterised in that the path of movement of the launching slide (14) is disposed below the bolt guide (15) superimposed on the support (2).
9. A cross-blow according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the pusher element (22) is provided with an extension which projects beyond the joint pin (23) and, when the spanning lever (19) is inserted, can be acted upon by a stop (29) projecting into the longitudinal groove (11, 26) and preventing the pusher element (22) from swinging upwards.
10. A cross-bow according to Claim 9, characterised in that provided in the longitudinal groove (11, 26) is a resilient supporting element (30) which is arranged behind the joint pin (23) of the pusher element (22) in the shooting direction, and, when the spanning lever (19) is released from the locking means, deflects the pusher element with the free end at the height of the launching slide (14).
11. A cross-bow according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the free end (24) of the pusher element (22) and the front end (25) of the launching slide (14) are made complementary to one another.
12. A cross-bow according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the spanning lever is formed from at least two lever arms (41, 44) connected by means of a joint, the first lever arm (41), comprising the free end of the spanning lever,and the second lever arm (44) mounted on the pivot pin (20) of the spanning lever being bent at an angle towards the support (2) before their joint connecting pin (43).
13. A cross-bow according to Claim 12, characterised in that the pusher element (22) is coupled to the first lever arm (41).
14. A cross-bow according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the support (2) is provided with a non-metallic stock.
15. A cross-bow according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that shoulder stock (1) and support (2) are made in one piece.
EP86903180A 1985-06-01 1986-05-30 Crossbow Expired - Lifetime EP0223797B1 (en)

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AT86903180T ATE55482T1 (en) 1985-06-01 1986-05-30 CROSSBOW.

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CH2321/85A CH667522A5 (en) 1985-06-01 1985-06-01 CROSSBOW.
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CH (1) CH667522A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3673343D1 (en)
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EP0223797A1 (en) 1987-06-03
CH667522A5 (en) 1988-10-14
US4827894A (en) 1989-05-09
DE3673343D1 (en) 1990-09-13
WO1986007135A1 (en) 1986-12-04

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