EP0222824A1 - Appareil et procede pour former des tubes a luminescence segmentee - Google Patents

Appareil et procede pour former des tubes a luminescence segmentee

Info

Publication number
EP0222824A1
EP0222824A1 EP19860903015 EP86903015A EP0222824A1 EP 0222824 A1 EP0222824 A1 EP 0222824A1 EP 19860903015 EP19860903015 EP 19860903015 EP 86903015 A EP86903015 A EP 86903015A EP 0222824 A1 EP0222824 A1 EP 0222824A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
current
circuit
gas
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19860903015
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kennan Clark Herrick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0222824A1 publication Critical patent/EP0222824A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2858—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions

Definitions

  • This invention is in the field of illuminated gas discharge tubes.
  • TECHNICAL FIELD Gas discharge tubes such as the familiar "neon" tubes, are widely used in signs, works of art and for illumination. Such tubes are made by evacuating air from a glass tube, and then introducing a selected gas such as neon inside the tube. The tube is sealed at each ej ⁇ l-,.around an electrode with external connection wires.
  • Conventional neon tubes use ordinary 115VAC, 60 Hz electrical power; in order to provide enough voltage to ionize the gas, a current- limiting type of transformer is employed to step up the 115V to the level of usually 2,000 to 12,000V, depending on tube length.
  • the pressure of the gas in the tube is usually from about 1 to about 15 mm Hg.
  • the' tube may contain other noble gases, mercury vapor or gas mixtures, and the tube may be transparent, translucent, or internally coated with a material that fluoresces when subjected to the radiation of the gas discharge. Different gases and coatings produce different colors and intensities of radiation. All of the familiar gas discharge tubes produce a steady, continuous line of illumination along their lengths.
  • This invention is an apparatus including a gas discharge tube in which the luminosity within the tube is segmented or discontinuous.
  • the luminosity is in the form of a series of closely spaced segments with dark regions between them.
  • the segments of luminosity have the appearance of illuminated "bubbles" in an otherwise dark tube.
  • This invention also includes means to cause the bubbles to move and to contol their movement in order for them to move in either direction along the axis of the tube, or to not move and always occupy a fixed position in the _ tube.
  • the invention includes an ordinary gas discharge tube fabricated by conventional means and having conventional interior rare-gas pressure within the range cited above.
  • the tube is operated by an AC power source having adequate
  • the bubbles are generally in the form of elongated
  • oval-shaped segments which may be slightly brighter at their ends and may have their middle portions .slightly necked down. Ordinarily the bubbles are about twice' as long as their diameters. Their size is influenced by the frequency of the excitation energy and the diameter of the containing tube.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic electric circuit and a partial view of a gas discharge tube embodying this invention.
  • FIGURES 2 and 2A illustrate wave forms useful in the process of this invention.
  • ⁇ -_ FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional partial elevation view of a tube embodying another form of the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-section taken along the line 4- 4 of Fig. 3; 5
  • FIGURE 5 is a schematic of another electric circuit embodying this invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a schematic of another electric circuit embodying this invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a schematic of another electric circuit ⁇ ] _0 embodying this invention.
  • FIGURE 8 shows a detailed schematic electric circuit for operating the gas discharge tube of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1 includes a gas discharge tube of indefinite length that is generally designated 10.
  • the tube is provided with an electrode 11 and
  • an electrode 12 which are located in opposite ends of the tube.
  • the electrodes are hermetically sealed in the ends of the tube to make a gas-tight interior.
  • the electrodes are placed in the tube which is then evacuated of air, raised to a high temperature so as to evacuate impurities and then
  • An AC power source 13 is connected through leads 15
  • Source 13 provides AC power for exciting the gas in the tube to the ionized or luminescent state; it supplies voltage and current generally known to be appropriate in conventional circuits for a discharge tube the length and diameter of tube 10.
  • Source 13 also includes means to limit the magnitude of the tube current e.g., a series reactance either external to a driving transformer within source 13 or a part of that transformer. Such means is also known to the art.
  • Appropriate excitation voltages are those known to the art; in the range of 2000-12000 volts, with currents in the range of 15 to 100 m.illiamperes.
  • source 13 in this invention provides a tube excitation frequency in the range about 1500 to about 4000 Hz, with a substantially symmetrical waveform.
  • the symmetry of the waveform is made capable of being adjusted in any of several ways so that the shape of the waveform above an arbitrary line may be made slightly different from the shape below the line.
  • segmentmented luminosity, or bubbles will form, as generally designated 28, but they may or may not be visible since the.train or string of such bubbles may be moving in rapid or slow progression in one direction or ' the other.
  • the symmetry of the waveform may be adjusted in order to slow any rapid drifting of the bubble train until individual bubbles become visible. By appropriate symmetry adjustment and with generally only minor departure from perfect symmetry, the bubble train may be brought to a standstill or caused to move in one direction or the other. Motion may also be controlled by varying the frequency perhaps several hundred Hz after symmetry adjustment.
  • the luminous segments or bubbles, 28, are about as wide as the internal diameter of tube 10 and about twice as long as they are wide.
  • the bubble-like illuminated areas have a slight peanut or dumbbell shape having ends 30 that have about the diameter of the internal diameter of tube 10 and a slightly necked-down center portion 31. Additionally, the regions 30 are slightly brighter than the necked-down region 31.
  • Each of the segments 28 is separated from the adjacent segment 28 by a region 32 which is not illuminated, or is much less illuminated than any portion of bubble 28.
  • the appearance of a tube containing neon is that segments 28 are brilliantly illuminated and have the characteristic red neon color, the brilliance of the illumination blending from very brilliant in regions 30 to slightly less brilliant in region 31 while the regions 32 are almost unilluminated and look relatively dark or take on the character of the background against which the tube is viewed.
  • the bubbles in a moving train of bubbles appear to be provided from a source at or near electrode 11 and to disappear to a reservoir at or near electrode 12, or vice versa.
  • the bulk movement of bubbles through tube 10, however, is one where each bubble appears to be of exactly the same size and shape of each other bubble, they are equally spaced from one another, they have exactly the same brilliance and color and they move at the same speed as one another.
  • the AC energy is provided in the form of a square wave or a nearly- square wave which is generally illustrated in Figure 2 as 40.
  • One complete cycle of the wave starts at point 41 and extends through a positive portion and a negative portion and ends at point 42.
  • Perfect symmetry of wave 40 obtains when time interval 200 equals time interval 201; asymmetry exists when time interval 200 differs ija magnitude from time interval 201 so that, for instance, right-hand limit of interval 200 is extended to the dashed vertical line 45 while the left-hand limit of interval 201 is equally retracted.
  • a waveform equally satisfactory for production of the bubble effect is generally illustrated in Figure 2A as 202.
  • a typical wave of this general type is a sine wave.
  • Asymmetry of this wave for the purpose of producing the bubble effect, may be created in the manner described for wave 40 of Figure 2 or may also be effected by clipping, as shown by 203 in Figure 2a.
  • a square wave as shown in Figure 2 is the preferred waveform for the AC power involved in the device of this invention, any AC waveform providing sufficient voltage, current and degree of symmetry and at the proper frequency c may be employed successfully in this invention.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 are partial illustrations of o another embodiment of this invention.
  • tube 10 is only partially illustrated and is connected, as illustrated in Figure 1 for example, to a suitable source of AC power.
  • the circuit including tube 10 is adjusted or built to produce a condition where bubbles 28 0 move neither to the left nor to the right, that balanced electrical condition can be changed by closing switch 220.
  • an internal, auxiliary, electrode may be used instead of using an external ring and capacitive coupling. This embodiment of the invention produces a striking effect that is useful in advertising or in artwork involving gas discharge tubes.
  • FIGS 5, 6 and 7 show in partial schematic form three additional circuits which can be used to control the motion of the segmented luminosity once formed.
  • an AC power supply generates a symmetrical waveform 61 of voltage, current and frequency as described in connection with Figure 1.
  • the waveform is made substantially symmetrical and its symmetry need not be varied.
  • DC current source 68 is provided, capable of introducing into tube 66 a current of either polarity and variable amplitude, up to typically several hundred microamperes, or zero.
  • Capacitor 67 provides a path for AC current around source 68.
  • Current source 68 may be configured in several ways known to the art; one such configuration is that of a battery in series with a resistor.
  • the capacitance of capacitor 68 is chosen to allow a negligible AC voltage drop due to the current from source 60, using criteria known to the art.
  • Figure 6 shows another circuit which is the same as in Figure 5 except for the DC current source.
  • a portion of the AC current coming from source 60 is rectified into a resultant DC current for controlling the bubble flow.
  • a variable rectifier 80 which consists of reverse-connected diodes 81 and 82 and potentiometer 83.
  • the AC current through rectifier 80 is rectified unequally dependent on the setting of potentiometer 83, yielding a net DC current flow through tube 66 which will control bubble flow in the manner described with reference to Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a third circuit making use of a negative feedback loop for controlling bubble motion.
  • the circuit of Figure 7 compensates for any changes in the circuit due, for example, to individual tube characteristics or undesirable miscellaneous current leakages or temperature effects.
  • an AC power source 90 is used to produce a nominally symmetrical AC wave 91 which is used to drive the system.
  • Capacitor 70 is included in series with AC source 90 and tube 66 to couple the AC signal of source 90 to the tube but block passage of any DC current.
  • the described DC voltage across capacitor 70 may be connected back to AC source 90 at 96, in such a manner as to form a negative feedback loop using means known to the art.
  • the feedback signal 96 acts to control symmetry of waveform 91, summing its action on the symmetry with the control normally provided within source 90 in the previously discussed manner. If the phase of signal 96 is made such that it opposes any change in symmetry of waveform 91 that would increase signal 96, conventional negative feedback results and the circuit is stabilized against undesirable electrical change of any of the elements within the loop.
  • bubble flow rate and direction may be initially chosen by the primary symmetry adjustment within source 90 and then stabilized against change by feedback signal 96.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detailed circuit diagram of a driving circuit capable of both creating the desired segmented luminosity and controlling its motion.
  • Diodes 100 and 101 are respectively connected to charge capactitors 102 and 103 to opposite voltage polarities from an AC power 5 source 105, typically 115VAC, 60 Hz.
  • Diodes 100 and 101 are rectifier diodes rated at around 2 amperes with breakdown voltage of 300 volts; they need have relatively slow recovery times, operating only at AC power-line frequency.
  • 102. and 103 have capacitance of typically 1000 microfarads 0 with voltage rating of 250 volts.
  • Transistor 107 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor 5 rated at 200V collector breakdown voltage and a collector current of about 30 milliamperes. The collector of 107 is connected through a resistor 108 to the base of a transistor 110, the collector of which is connected to the base of a transistor 111.
  • Transistor 110 is a PNP transistor rated at Q 1W power dissipation, 300V collector breakdown voltage and 500 milliamperes collector current.
  • Transistor 111 is an NPN power transistor having a gain of 5 to 20 at collector current of 2A and having a collector breakdown rating of 300V. 5 The emitter of 111 is connected to the collector of a similar or identical transistor 112 at electrical node 210.
  • the emitter of 111 is also connected through a resistor 113 to the base of transistor 107. After 107 turns on as previously described, it ⁇ turns on 110 and 111, causing the voltage of node 210 to swing toward the positive potential of 102. Current also flows from 111 through 113 to act regeneratively to further turn on 107, 110 and 111.
  • Node 210 is also connected through a resistor 115 to the base of a transistor 116 that may have characteristics and specifications identical to those of 110. At this point, 116 is kept turned off because its only base current comes through 115, and at this time the current has the wrong polarity.
  • Node 210 is likewise coupled through a resistor 120 to a low-voltage capacitor 121 with the RC product chosen to yield the desired frequency of operation.
  • Capacitor 121 is connected to the emitter of a transistor 122, the collector of which is coupled to the base of a transistor 123.
  • Transistor 122 is a general purpose PNP low voltage audio transistor such as type 2N3645 and 123 is a general purpose NPN low voltage audio transistor such as type 2N5133.
  • Capacitor 121 now commences charging through 120. When the potential on 121 reaches about +1.4V, 122 turns on regeneratively with 123.
  • Transistor 123 has its collector connected to the base of 107 and thus turns off 107, which in turn switches off 110 and 111. This causes the 210 node voltage to swing toward the negative potential on 103.
  • the 210 node is also coupled through a capacitor 125 to the load including transformer 126, a gas discharge tube 127 and a capacitor 128 connected to one another as previously described.
  • transformer 126 Connected between emitters and collectors of 111 and 112 are respective switching diodes 130 and 131, each having a current capacity of about 2 amperes, a breakdown voltage of about 300V and a recovery time of less than one microsecond.
  • the transformer load coupled through 125 being inductive, causes the 210 node voltage to swing completely toward the negative potential of 103 until 131 conducts to thus clamp the voltage swing so as not to damage transistor 112.
  • Numerous configurations can be devised for transformer 126.
  • 126 consists of two transformers 135 and 136 which are connected in tandem.
  • Transformer 126 is a power transformer which takes the 5 incoming 115V signal and steps it down to about 24V.
  • Transformer 136 is an automobile ignition transformer which provides the current limiting and high voltage required for driving the tube 127.
  • Capacitor 121 now begins charging through 120 toward the opposite polarity (i.e., negative), thus turning off 122 and 123.
  • the current through 113 now has the wrong polarity
  • Capacitor 121 continues charging negatively until its potential reaches about -1.4V, at which time transistors 141 and 142 accomplish regenerative shut-off of transistor 116 in a manner identical
  • Resistors 145 and 146 are connected to capacitor 121 to function as the asymmetry means generally designated
  • Resistor 146 is a potentiometer connected between plus and minus supply voltages at capacitors 102 and 103 respectively. By its adjustment, a small current of either polarity may be delivered through resistor 145 so as electrically to offset the charging waveform of capacitor
  • Tube 127 is driven by high-voltage, high-reactance transformer 126, which receives excitation on its primary
  • Capacitor 128 is included in Figure 8 to illustrate the embodiment of this invention shown in Figures 5 and 7.
  • a DC current from a conventional DC current source not shown, may be introduced at terminals 152 and 153.
  • 152 and 153 may be connected through conventional circuitry to terminals 150 and 151 (removing the connection shown between 150 and 151) to effect a negative feedback loop.
  • Another means for controlling bubble flow is to incorporate a photoelectric device connected, for example, at terminals 150-151 or at terminals 152-153 or delivering current directly to capacitor 121.
  • a photoelectric device placed adjacent to tube 127 can sense bubble position and motion by responding to the alternate lighter and darker regions within the segmented luminosity *
  • this means may be implemented using a third, auxiliary electrode or plurality of electrodes inserted into the tube. The third electrode will extract a small current flow from the main flow of current through the tube. The magnitude and polarity of this current or currents may be used to control bubble flow.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Tube luminescent à gaz (10) contenant du gaz à une pression comprise entre 0,5 et 15 mm de Hg et excité par une source de courant alternatif (13, 15, 16) à une fréquence comprise entre 1.500 et 4.000 hz pour produire un gaz lumineux segmenté à l'intérieur du tube, sous forme d'ampoules, et moyen permettant de fournir un flux de courant net (68, 80, 96) à travers le tube ou une asymétrie de forme d'ondes afin de provoquer le déplacement des ampoules.
EP19860903015 1985-04-26 1986-04-22 Appareil et procede pour former des tubes a luminescence segmentee Withdrawn EP0222824A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72781085A 1985-04-26 1985-04-26
US727810 1985-04-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0222824A1 true EP0222824A1 (fr) 1987-05-27

Family

ID=24924163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860903015 Withdrawn EP0222824A1 (fr) 1985-04-26 1986-04-22 Appareil et procede pour former des tubes a luminescence segmentee

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0222824A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5657486A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006572A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4862042A (en) * 1985-04-26 1989-08-29 Herrick Kennan C Apparatus and method for forming segmented luminosity in gas discharge tubes
US4745342A (en) * 1986-10-30 1988-05-17 Andresen Jack S Method and apparatus for driving neon tube to form luminous bubbles and controlling the movement thereof
CA1330827C (fr) * 1988-01-06 1994-07-19 Jupiter Toy Company Production et manipulation de charges haute densite
DE3817897A1 (de) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-20 Jupiter Toy Co Die erzeugung und handhabung von ladungsgebilden hoher ladungsdichte
US5054046A (en) * 1988-01-06 1991-10-01 Jupiter Toy Company Method of and apparatus for production and manipulation of high density charge
US5153901A (en) * 1988-01-06 1992-10-06 Jupiter Toy Company Production and manipulation of charged particles
US5123039A (en) * 1988-01-06 1992-06-16 Jupiter Toy Company Energy conversion using high charge density
US4904907A (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-02-27 General Electric Company Ballast circuit for metal halide lamp
US4980611A (en) * 1988-04-05 1990-12-25 Neon Dynamics Corporation Overvoltage shutdown circuit for excitation supply for gas discharge tubes
US4916362A (en) * 1988-04-05 1990-04-10 Neon Dynamics Corporation Excitation supply for gas discharge tubes
US5018180A (en) * 1988-05-03 1991-05-21 Jupiter Toy Company Energy conversion using high charge density
GB9027282D0 (en) * 1990-12-17 1991-02-06 Tunewell Transformers Ltd Improvements in or relating to a method of and apparatus for operating an electric discharge lamp
US5369339A (en) * 1991-12-16 1994-11-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Circuit arrangement for reducing striations in a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp
US5386181A (en) * 1992-01-24 1995-01-31 Neon Dynamics Corporation Swept frequency switching excitation supply for gas discharge tubes
DE4410176A1 (de) * 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Vorschaltgerät zum Betreiben einer Wechselstrom-Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampe in einem Kraftfahrzeug
US6465972B1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2002-10-15 General Electric Company Electronic elimination of striations in linear lamps

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US2214441A (en) * 1937-11-09 1940-09-10 Neon Animations Inc Mobile pattern glow discharge device
US4045710A (en) * 1976-07-26 1977-08-30 General Electric Company Discharge lamp operating circuit
NL7801241A (nl) * 1978-02-03 1979-08-07 Philips Nv Elektrische inrichting voor het ontsteken en voeden van een van een voorverhitbare elektrode voorziene metaaldampontladingslamp.
US4167689A (en) * 1978-07-21 1979-09-11 Whitewater Electronics, Inc. Solid state lamp ballast
FR2472297A1 (fr) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-26 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'alimentation du type convertisseur
US4328446A (en) * 1980-04-11 1982-05-04 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Method and apparatus for starting high intensity discharge lamps
US4373146A (en) * 1980-10-20 1983-02-08 Gte Products Corporation Method and circuit for operating discharge lamp

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5657486A (en) 1986-11-06
WO1986006572A1 (fr) 1986-11-06

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