EP0221451B1 - Verfahren zur Bildfixierung für die Farbelektrostatographie - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Bildfixierung für die Farbelektrostatographie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221451B1
EP0221451B1 EP19860114669 EP86114669A EP0221451B1 EP 0221451 B1 EP0221451 B1 EP 0221451B1 EP 19860114669 EP19860114669 EP 19860114669 EP 86114669 A EP86114669 A EP 86114669A EP 0221451 B1 EP0221451 B1 EP 0221451B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
image
solvent
electrostatographic
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860114669
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0221451A1 (de
Inventor
Michael Lawson Terence
Alec Quilliam Gregory
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Stork Colorproofing BV
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Stork Colorproofing BV
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Publication date
Application filed by Stork Colorproofing BV filed Critical Stork Colorproofing BV
Priority to AT86114669T priority Critical patent/ATE72063T1/de
Priority claimed from AU64400/86A external-priority patent/AU588640B2/en
Publication of EP0221451A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221451A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0221451B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221451B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/20—Fixing, e.g. by using heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing an electrostatographic color proof having substantially the same appearance as color prints printed by offset or gravure processes with regard to transparency and gloss of image areas relative to image-free areas, wherein said electrostatographic color proof comprises a receptor sheet containing on its surface image-free areas and image areas, said image areas consisting of color deposits in the form of at least one color layer and wherein said color deposits are first formed by electroscopic marking particles of appropriate color on an electrostatographic recording member and then transferred therefrom onto said receptor sheet, followed by fixation of said color deposits on said recording member.
  • the receiving member paper sheet After all of the required color toner deposits have been transferred to the receiving member paper sheet, it is coated with a clear resin layer to transparentize the color toner deposits and fuse them to the paper sheet. Such coating may be carried out by spraying, curtain, roller or dip coating and the like.
  • Said known processes have as a disadvantage that due to the overall glazing technique not only the appearance of the image parts is imparted but also the appearance of the image free parts.
  • the present invention has as an objective to provide a method of the type described in which the said disadvantages have been eliminated to which end said method is characterized by the steps of:
  • pre-press proofs The primary purpose of pre-press proofs is to assess color balance and strength which can be expected from the final press run and accordingly to correct the separation transparencies before the printing plates are made therefrom. In many instances, it is also required to produce so-called customer proofs for approval of subject, composition and general appearance of the print prior to press run. Thus, it is essential that the pre-press proof should have the same appearance as the press print, that is to say in addition to matching the colors and dot gain of the press print, the pre-press proof should be on the same paper as the press print, the image gloss should be identical to that of the image produced on the press with printing inks and the paper surface in the image-free areas should remain unaffected.
  • Color image deposits formed on paper by the previously described electrophotographic process differ from color image deposits formed by printing inks in that the latter contains very much more binder material of the resinous or varnish type than the deposits formed by liquid toners in electrophotography; typically printing inks contain about 73% by weight of binder material, whereas prior art liquid toners contain only about 33% or less binder material by weight.
  • Such relatively large quantity of varnish or resin in the printing ink deposit firstly fuses the image deposit to the paper and secondly transparentizes the color ink layers, which is necessary for the underlying colors to become visible and thereby to give the desired color combination effect.
  • the previously referred to step of glazing the pre-press proof prepared by the electrophotographic process is essential firstly to fuse the image deposits to the paper and secondly to saturate the image deposits with resin to transparentize them to the extent where their appearance with regards color combination effect and gloss are the same as that of printing ink deposits.
  • Prior art glazing processes have three major disadvantages. Firstly, the application of a resin coating normally alters considerably the surface appearance of the paper sheet by imparting additional gloss thereto and/or even rendering transparent the paper itself particularly in those instances where it comprises publication type stock such as newsprint. Secondly, the resin layer increases the apparent optical density of color toner deposits, the extent of such increase being different for different colors, and also varying in accordance with the uniformity of the overcoated resin layer. Thirdly, as we have now found, the resin coating in print-free areas of the paper surface very considerably increases dot gain.
  • dot gain is well known in the graphic arts. For a complete description of this phenomenon, reference should be made for instance to the article "The Effect of the Spread-Function of Paper on Half-Tone Reproduction,” by J.A.C. Yule et al., TAPPI/July 1967, Vol. 50, No. 7. For better understanding of this invention a brief description of the dot gain phenomenon will now be given in relation to offset printing employing half-tone imagery, as is well known in the art.
  • a given percentage dot area of the film transparency employed to produce a printing plate can be exactly reproduced on the printed sheet provided the settings of the press, blanket pressure, ink/water balance, etc. are correct. It is found however, that even in such instances where no microscopically measurable dot distortion or spread occurs on the press, the density of the printed dot area is higher than would be expected by calculating the percentage dot area on the basis of the solid ink density on the printed sheet, that is to say, the measured density of the printed dot area of a given percentage is always equal to the density of a higher percentage dot area calculated on the basis of solid ink density. Such apparent increase in percentage dot over a given percentage dot in a known area is called dot gain.
  • the half-tone screen ruling also affects dot gain to some extent because the above described effect of dot shadows on the incident light is amplified as the number of dots per unit area increases: thus, finer screen rulings produce higher dot gain than coarser screen rulings.
  • the invention provides an electrostatographic color proof characterized by a receptor member 18 containing on at least one side thereof, image areas 12 formed by electroscopic marking particles 14 consisting of colorants 16 and polymeric binder transferred to the surface of said receptor member 18 and affixed thereto by solvating said binder and image free areas 22 formed by the surface of said receptor member 18, the appearance and gloss thereof being unaffected by the transfer and affixing of said electroscopic marking particles to the image areas 12.
  • Said known method does not concern the fixation of a multi color image of a color-proof and is silent of using a liquid toner whereby the electroscopic marking particles are dispersed in a carrier liquid in which the binder of said particles is insoluble.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view taken through a color proof formed in accordance with the method of the invention.
  • electrophotographic pre-press type color toner deposits per se produce correct and acceptable dot gain, but show significant increase in dot gain upon overall glazing of the printing paper, irrespective whether such overall glazing is applied prior or after the transfer of such toner deposits onto the paper.
  • the toners of the present invention differ markedly from prior art color toners in that the means for glazing is combined with the depositing particle by way of a polymer particle which is insoluble in the selected carrier liquid for the toner and which co-deposits with the color or pigment containing particles.
  • the toner system of this invention very fine particles of the electrophoretic sensitivity required to deposit on low voltage photoconductors can be prepared and such toner deposits can be transferred to paper or other receptor materials with sufficient polymeric material to effect fixing to the substrate, to transparentize the deposits and to develop image gloss comparable to conventionally printed matter when such deposits are exposed to a solvent selected to dissolve or solvate the particular polymer employed.
  • the types of materials useful as polymers in accordance with this invention depend on the properties of the carrier liquid selected for the color toners, and more particularly they depend on the solvent power of the carrier liquid.
  • the range of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons called IsoparsTM manufactured by the Exxon Corporation and similar materials which are safe in handling, have low toxicity, low aromatics content and high volume resistivity are suitable carrier liquids.
  • Carrier liquids in this category are characterized by a quite low solvent power such as 26 to 28 KB, for which suitable polymers are for instance ketone formadehyde condensates, epoxy resins, polyester resins, vinyl resins, styrene resins, hydrocarbon resins and the like, such resins being selected to be insoluble in such carrier liquids, and generally to have melting points within the range of 50 to 150°C.
  • suitable polymers are for instance ketone formadehyde condensates, epoxy resins, polyester resins, vinyl resins, styrene resins, hydrocarbon resins and the like, such resins being selected to be insoluble in such carrier liquids, and generally to have melting points within the range of 50 to 150°C.
  • the preferred method of forming toner particles for use with this invention is firstly to disintegrate the selected polymer into particles of appropriate size by emulsifying the molten polymer, followed by cooling the emulsion to obtain discrete polymer particles.
  • the coloring matter can be incorporated with the polymer particles before or during emulsification or can be admixed thereafter with the polymer particles.
  • Preparation of polymer emulsions is carried out by heating the polymer to a temperature above its melting point and introducing the molten polymer into a dispersant which also is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the polymer such dispersant being selected to be a non-solvent for the polymer.
  • the mixture is charged into a high shear mixer such as a Waring blender or Ross Mixer or the like, together with a surfactant which is substantive to the polymer and the dispersant.
  • the dispersant may be a high boiling point isoparaffinic hydrocarbon such as IsoparTM M by Exxon, or a paraffin oil or other similar high boiling point non-polar liquid.
  • the surfactant is selected to be substantive to the polymer and the dispersant, and may be for instance an alkylated polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or other preferably non-polar suspension and grinding aid conforming to the previously stated requirements.
  • composition is mixed in the high shear mixer until the polymer particle size has been reduced to the required fineness, normally 2-5 microns, and the mixture is cooled to solidify the polymer particles and form a stable emulsion of such particles in the dispersant.
  • Colorants such as pigments or dyes, may be melt blended with the polymer prior to emulsification, or may be added during or after emulsion formation, as desired.
  • a further property of the surfactant is to be conducive to good pigment dispersion in the selected dispersant, in which case the pigment can be dispersed directly into the preformed polymer emulsion by techniques normally employed by ink, paint, and toner makers such as ball milling, sand grinding, attrition milling, roll milling, or the like.
  • This soluble surfactant also should be substantive to the surface of the particular pigment or coloring matter used to effect particle comminution by wetting the surface of the pigment particles to form a fine dispersion thereof by dispersion techniques as listed above.
  • such soluble surfactant forms a link between the emulsified polymer particles and the dispersed pigment or coloring matter, thereby creating the composite particle necessary for the formation of a homogeneous layer upon deposition by attraction to latent electrostatic image areas.
  • Dyestuffs for this purpose may include basic dyes such as Rhodamine GG, Bismark brown R, both produced by Imperial Chemical Industries, Victoia blue FB, Auramine FA, both produced by BASF, azo dyes such as Neozapon black RE, produced by BASF, Oracet yellow GN and Orasol red 2B, both produced by Ciba-Geigy.
  • Pigments may include carbon blacks, such as Vulcan XC-72, produced by Cabot Color Corporation phthalocyanine blues, such as Irgalite blue GLSM, produced by Ciba-Geigy, azo yellows, such as Permanent yellows NCG, produced by Farbwerke Hoechst, and quinacridone reds, such as Quindro Magenta RV-6832, produced by Bayer.
  • carbon blacks such as Vulcan XC-72, produced by Cabot Color Corporation phthalocyanine blues, such as Irgalite blue GLSM, produced by Ciba-Geigy
  • azo yellows such as Permanent yellows NCG
  • Farbwerke Hoechst Farbwerke Hoechst
  • quinacridone reds such as Quindro Magenta RV-6832, produced by Bayer.
  • the preferred colored polymer emulsion may be directly diluted with low KB solvent for use as an electrostatographic liquid toner, however, the addition of materials variously known to those skilled in the art of toner making as control agents, charge directors or image enhancers, may be desirable.
  • materials comprise, for example, metallic salts of low KB solvent soluble acids such as cobalt, iron, manganese, copper and zirconium, salts of oleic, linoleic, naphthenic and octoic acids.
  • Other such materials include soya bean lecithin, sodium deodecyl benzene sulphonate, neutral calcium sulphonate and alkylated mono and disuccinimides.
  • the proportion of final emulsified polymer in the carrier liquid has been found to be exceptionally wide.
  • Polymer emulsions with contents of 1 to 80% by weight polymer have been prepared, and it has been found that the preferred range in the context of this invention is between 25 to 50% by weight of total emulsion including pigment or dye, polymer and surfactant.
  • the proportion of the surfactant is determined by its functional requirements, that is stabilization of the emulsion and wetting or dispersing the pigment or other coloring matter. Any excess over such functional quantity is not desirable as it may reduce the volume resistivity of the carrier liquid and the sensitivity of the toner, as well as render the toner self-fixing to greater or lesser extent, which can impair its transfer efficiency and cause filming on the photoconductor thereby affecting its reusability.
  • such emulsion can be used without further dilution as an electrostatographic liquid toner, or further diluted with suitable low KB solvent.
  • concentration of polymer in the emulsion is 25 to 50% by total weight
  • dilution to a working strength to levels of between 0.01 and 10% by weight can be made advantageously with a preferred concentration range of between 0.1 and 5% by weight.
  • Such amounts vary depending on conditions such as the type of developing device employed, speed of development, nature of the photoconductor or latent image bearing substrate and type of image receiving member and such like factors well known in the art.
  • Such dilution of the polymer emulsion with a suitable low KB solvent can be effected by simple addition of the required quantity with stirring to achieve homogenity.
  • the nature of the emulsion prepared in accordance with the present invention is such that little additional energy is required to produce dilute concentrations of the finely dispersed polymer.
  • Liquids used for the fixation of the pre-press proof imagery that is to say, of deposits formed with the toners of this invention on a photoconductive or dieletric recording member and transferred therefrom onto a receiving member such as printing stock paper, must be solvents or at least partial solvents for the polymer formed by emulsification technique previously described.
  • Such liquids have been found to vary considerably in their nature depending upon the type of polymer deposited in the image areas. In the most preferred situation where the deposited polymer is of the epoxy type, a combination of aromatic and oxygenated hydrocarbons has been found to be most effective.
  • the liquids which can be used for the fixation of the image deposits formed from electrostatographic liquid toners prepared in accordance with the present invention may be applied to the image deposits by mechanical means such as spraying, immersion, doctor blade, curtain coating or by diffusion where the solvent is vaporized by heat and subsequently condensed on the image bearing member.
  • the preferred method is by spraying where the solvent or solvent combination is applied to the image bearing member of atomization of the solvent in a suitable nozzle by means of air, or pressure, as produced in an airless spray equipment and projection of the atomized solvent particles to impinge on the image bearing member.
  • heat has been found in some cases to be advantageous to apply heat to the solvent wetted image bearing member, especially when the solvent combination used contains a high boiling point solvent for the second polymer. While not necessary to achieve fixation, heat has the advantage of facilitating coalescence of the dissolved polymer in the image areas as well as expediting the disposal of said solvent from the image and image bearing member.
  • Such roller may be pressed under relatively light pressure against the paper sheet carrying the image deposit, such paper sheet being supported preferably on a rotating cylindrical member.
  • the polishing roller may be rotated or stationary as desired. If so desired burnishing or polishing can also be carried out by supporting the paper sheet on a flat member and having the rotating polishing roller traversing the paper surface under light pressure.
  • polishing can be effected by passing the paper sheet through the nip of a set of rollers wherein one of such rollers acts as a guide or feed roll whereas the other roller facing the image bearing surface of the paper sheet acts as the polishing roller.
  • polishing can be effected by lightly rubbing the image bearing surface of the paper sheet with a pad made of the above listed materials.
  • the electrostatographic color proof resulting by practice of the methods disclosed herein is designated generally by reference character 10 and consists of image areas 12 formed by electroscopic marking particles 14.
  • the particles 14 consist of a colorant 16 dispersed in a polymer binder, the binder being solvated by a solvent to fix the marking particle 14 to one surface 20 of the receptor member 18.
  • the image free areas 22 remain unaffected with regard to appearance and gloss by the transfer and fixing steps in forming the image areas 12.
  • the solution of the binder leaves a residue or polymer/continuum 24 which surrounds the colorant and fixes the particle to the surface of the receptor sheet 18.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs mit im wesentlichen dem gleichen Aussehen bezüglich Transparenz und Glanz der Bildbereiche (12), relativ zu bildfreien Bereichen (22), wie Farbdrucke, gedruckt durch Offset- oder Tiefdruckverfahren, worin der elektrostatographische Farbabzug eine Aufnahmeschicht (18) umfaßt, enthaltend auf ihrer Oberfläche bildfreie Bereiche (22) und Bildbereiche (12), wobei die Bildbereiche (12) aus Farbabscheidungen in Form wenigstens einer Farbschicht bestehen und worin die Farbscheidungen zuerst durch elektroskopische Markierung von Teilchen geeigneter Farbe auf einem elektrostatischen Aufzeichnungsteil gebildet werden und dann davon auf die Aufnahmeschicht (18) übertragen werden, gefolgt von Fixieren der Farbabscheidungen auf dem Aufzeichnungsteil, wobei das Verfahren durch die folgenden Stufen charakterisiert ist:
    Zurverfügungstellen von elektroskopischen Markierungsteilchen geeigneter Farbe, die aus Färbungsmittel und einem Polymerbindemittel dafür bestehen, zur Bildung der Farbabscheidung auf dem elektrostatographischen Aufzeichnungsteil, wobei die Markierungsteilchen in einer Trägerflüssigkeit dispergiert sind und das Bindemittel in der Trägerflüssigkeit unlöslich ist;
    Aufbringen eines Lösungsmittels auf die Oberfläche der Aufnahmeschicht (18) nach der Übertragung der Abscheidungen aller geeigneten Farben von dem elektrostatographischen Aufzeichnungsteil auf die Aufnahmeschicht (18), wobei das Lösungsmittel das Bindemittel in den elektroskopischen Markierungsteilchen, die die Farbabscheidung darauf bilden, solvatisiert, wodurch die Farbabscheidung durchlässig gemacht und ihr Glanz erhöht wird als auch auf der Oberfläche der Aufnahmeschicht (18) klebend gemacht wird ohne den Glanz in den bildfreien Bereichen (22) zu beeinträchtigen; und
    Entfernen des Lösungsmittels von der Aufnahmeschicht (18).
  2. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel wenigstens einen Teil des Polymerbindemittels ausreichend auflöst, damit das aufgelöste Bindemittel schmelzen kann, und ein Polymerkontinuum, das das Färbungsmittel umgibt, gebildet werden kann, um die Farbschichten transparent zu machen und ihnen Glanz zu verleihen.
  3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel wenigstens einen Teil des Polymerbindemittels ausreichend auflöst, um das Bindemittel klebend zu machen.
  4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel auf die Aufnahmeschicht gesprüht wird.
  5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stufe der Entfernung des Lösungsmittels aus der Aufnahmeschicht durch wärmeunterstützte Verdampfung bewirkt wird.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Stufe des Polierens der Aufnahmeschicht nach Entfernung des Lösungsmittels.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrostatographischen Farbabzugs nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stufe des Polierens der Aufnahmeschicht nach Entfernung des Lösungsmittels das Zurverfügungstellen eines mit Fasern bedeckten Polierteils und das Bewirken einer relativen Bewegung zwischen der Aufnahmeschicht und dem faserigen Teil, während diese in Oberflächenkontakt sind, einschließt.
  8. Elektrostatographischer Farbabzug, gekennzeichnet durch einen Aufnahmeteil (18), enthaltend auf wenigstens einer seiner Seiten Bildbereiche (12), gebildet durch elektroskopische Markierungsteilchen (14), bestehend aus Färbungsmitteln (16) und Polymerbindemittel, wobei die Teilchen auf die Oberfläche des Aufnahmeteils, dispergiert in einer Trägerflüssigkeit, worin das Bindemittel unlöslich ist, übertragen und darauf fixiert werden durch ein Lösungsmittel, das das Bindemittel solvatisiert, und bildfreie Bereiche (22), gebildet durch die Oberfläche des Aufnahmeteils (18), deren Aussehen und Glanz durch die Übertragung und Fixierung der elektroskopischen Markierungsteilchen (14) auf den Bildbereichen (12) unbeeinträchtigt bleiben.
  9. Farbabzug nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bildbereiche (12) und die bildfreien Bereiche (22) polierte äußere Oberflächen besitzen.
  10. Farbabzug nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Färbungsmittel (16) der Markierungsteilchen (14) in den Bildbereichen (12) von einem Polymerkontinuum (24), fest mit der Oberfläche des Aufnahmeteils (18) verbunden, umgeben ist.
EP19860114669 1985-10-24 1986-10-22 Verfahren zur Bildfixierung für die Farbelektrostatographie Expired EP0221451B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86114669T ATE72063T1 (de) 1985-10-24 1986-10-22 Verfahren zur bildfixierung fuer die farbelektrostatographie.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH307585 1985-10-24
AU3075/85 1985-10-24
AU64400/86A AU588640B2 (en) 1985-10-24 1986-10-24 Method of image fixing in colour electrostatography

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0221451A1 EP0221451A1 (de) 1987-05-13
EP0221451B1 true EP0221451B1 (de) 1992-01-22

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US20180030684A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2018-02-01 Bebo Arch International Ag Arched cut-and-cover structure and method of its construction

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE626695A (de) * 1961-12-28
NL6903627A (de) * 1968-03-14 1969-09-16
JPS4926591B1 (de) * 1970-10-01 1974-07-10
DE2408036A1 (de) * 1974-02-20 1975-09-04 Agfa Gevaert Ag Fixiervorrichtung
DE2408245A1 (de) * 1974-02-21 1975-09-04 Agfa Gevaert Ag Vorrichtung zum fixieren von pulverbildern
JPS55222A (en) * 1978-06-07 1980-01-05 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Marking with powder

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