EP0221430A1 - Operating device for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker provided with this device - Google Patents

Operating device for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker provided with this device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221430A1
EP0221430A1 EP86114528A EP86114528A EP0221430A1 EP 0221430 A1 EP0221430 A1 EP 0221430A1 EP 86114528 A EP86114528 A EP 86114528A EP 86114528 A EP86114528 A EP 86114528A EP 0221430 A1 EP0221430 A1 EP 0221430A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
spring
rod
circuit breaker
operating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86114528A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0221430B1 (en
Inventor
Dante Nicoloso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
Alstom SA
GEC Alsthom SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA, GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Priority to AT86114528T priority Critical patent/ATE56304T1/en
Publication of EP0221430A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221430A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0221430B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221430B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3005—Charging means
    • H01H3/3026—Charging means in which the closing spring charges the opening spring or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H2003/3094—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor allowing an opening - closing - opening [OCO] sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3052—Linear spring motors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for operating a circuit breaker and more specifically to a device for operating a linear movement communicating, to the movable rod of the circuit breaker, an opening movement in one direction and a closing movement in the direction opposite.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an operating device making it possible to carry out a rapid OFO cycle (cycle comprising successively an opening of the circuit breaker, its closing and a second opening) followed, after a time delay (for example not less than 15 seconds ) a rapid FO cycle (cycle comprising closing of the circuit breaker followed by opening).
  • a disadvantage of the devices of the prior art is that the energy of the springs is transmitted from one spring to the other as well as to the operating member of the circuit breaker, by means of connecting rods articulated around shafts.
  • high voltage circuit breakers especially those with self-blowing require rapid movement of the contacts so that the opening and closing times of the contacts are as short as possible. It is therefore important that the operating device is placed as close as possible to the movable rod for transmitting the movement.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an operating device in which the energy transfers from one spring to another and from the springs to the movable rod are carried out without the interposition of rods, connecting rods or other movement transmission elements .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an operating device in which the functions “energy accumulation” and “control” are physically separable, in particular so as to be able to control the operation of the circuit breakers remotely, without having to use members mechanical transmission of triggering and rapid engagement movements.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for operating circuit breakers, making it possible to carry out a rapid cycle of opening, closing and reopening of a circuit breaker (OFO cycle), the circuit breaker comprising a set of fixed contacts and a set of movable contacts, comprising an operating rod intended to be connected to said set of movable contacts, a first spring communicating when it relaxes, a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the opening of the circuit breaker, a second spring, of which the energy is at least twice that of the first spring and when it relaxes a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the closing of the circuit breaker, said device comprising means so that the relaxation of the second spring causes rearming the first spring, each of said springs being associated with a controllable locking member, characterized in that it comprises a first cylinder axially traversed by said tig e of operation, a second cylinder coaxial with said first cylinder, fixed with respect thereto, and containing inside it said first spring and a third
  • reference 1 designates an insulating column of a circuit breaker.
  • the column rests on a frame 2 fixed to the ground.
  • a fixed contact 3 is placed in a chamber 4 of the column filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the chamber 4 is delimited at its upper part by a cover 5 to which a socket 6 is fixed, and at its lower part by a partition 7 to which a socket 8 is fixed.
  • the movable assembly comprises contacts 9 and a nozzle 10 fixed to a compression cylinder 11.
  • the cylinder is connected to an operating rod 12 which passes through the partition 7 in leaktight manner.
  • This rod 12 is fixed to a rod 13 of the operating member of the invention, represented in FIG. 1 by a polygonal contour 14.
  • the operating member 14 is fixed to the chassis 2, therefore in the immediate vicinity of the operating rod 12 of the circuit breaker. Reference will now be made to FIG. 2 representing the operating member 14.
  • It comprises a cylindrical body 20, open at its lower end and closed, at its upper part, by a cover 20A provided with a central orifice traversed by the rod 13, connected, as we have seen previously, to the rod operation 12 of the mobile circuit breaker assembly.
  • the rod 13 passes through the bottom 21 of a fixed cylinder 22, coaxial with the cylinder 20 to which it is fixed by arms 23.
  • a spring 24 is disposed between the bottom 21 of the cylinder 22 and rests on a flange 13A of the rod 13. In Figure 2, the spring 24 is shown bandaged.
  • the rod 13 is in the high position (circuit breaker closed) and is maintained by means of a locking lever 30, of axis 31, bearing on a roller 13B at the end of the rod 13.
  • the locking lever 30 is itself even maintained in a fixed position by an angled hooking lever 34, with an axis 35 bearing on one side on a roller 32 of the lever 30 and on the other side on a core 36 of an electromagnetic coil 37.
  • the levers 30 and 34 are provided with return springs, referenced respectively 33 and 38.
  • the axes of the levers and the coil are integral with a plate 40 attached to cylinder 20.
  • a movable cylinder 50 coaxial with the cylinders 20 and 22.
  • the cylinder 50 can slide by means of a perforated flange 51 for the passage of the arms 23.
  • the cylinder 50 is notched, at its lower part 52, to allow passage of the lever 30, and carries an end roller 53.
  • a spring 54 is disposed between the cylinders 20 and 50; it is supported, at one end, on the collar 51 and, at the other end, on a fold 20B of the cylinder 20.
  • the spring is shown bandaged in Figure 2.
  • the cylinder 50 is kept fixed by means of a locking lever 60, of axis 61 and provided with a return spring 62 and a roller 63.
  • the locking lever is itself held in place by means of an angled lever attachment 65, axis 66, provided with a return spring 64 and cooperating, in the same manner as the lever 34, with an electromagnetic coil 68 having a core 69.
  • the rod 13 carries a hinge shaft 70 around which pivot levers such as 71 and 72, provided with end rollers 71A, 71B and 72A, 72B respectively.
  • a spring 73 tends to spread the levers. Stops 71C and 72C limit this spacing.
  • the operating device of the invention is completed by a rearming assembly comprising: a toothed wheel 80 with an axis 81 on which a chain 82 can be wound, fixed to the lower end 52 of the cylinder 50. - a ratchet wheel 83, of the same axis as the wheel 80 and idle on this axis, driven in rotation by a motor 84 driving an eccentric 85 and a ratchet system 86.
  • An attachment system can secure the wheels 80 and 83, it comprises a shaft 87 secured to the wheel 83, a roller 88 secured to the wheel 80, a fixed stop 89, and a bent lever articulated around the shaft 87 and comprising an arm 90 and an arm 91 provided with a light 92, a latching finger 93 and a return spring 94 linked to the wheel 83.
  • a lug 95 secured to the wheel 83 passes through the light 92; it serves to limit the stroke of the lever 90-91.
  • the motor 84 is supplied by a current source 100, by through a contactor having a fixed contact 98 and a movable contact 99.
  • the displacement of the contact 99 is obtained by virtue of an arm 96 secured to the end 52 and cooperating with a stop 97A of the contact-carrying rod 97.
  • the spring 54 is chosen to store an energy at least twice that of the spring 24.
  • the springs 24 and 54 are bandaged. In the event of a fault, an opening order is given by an electrical pulse from the coil 37; the core 38 of the latter moves and pushes the arm of the bent lever 34 which pivots. The roller 32 is released and the lever 30 pivots under the action of the roller 13 B.
  • the spring 24 relaxes, driving the rod 13 and also causing the opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the arms 71 and 72 move apart when they have left the cover 20A. In the position of FIG. 3 (open circuit breaker), the arms 71 and 72 come to bear on the shoulders 51A and 51B of the flange 51.
  • a reclosing order is given by an electrical pulse in the coil 68 ( Figure 4).
  • the core 69 of the latter switches the lever 65 which releases the roller 63 from the lever 60 which switches under the action of the spring 62.
  • the roller 53 is released, allowing the spring 54 to relax, which drives the cylinder 50 upwards. .
  • the rod 13 follows the movement of the cylinder 50 thanks to the support of the rollers 71B and 72B on the shoulders 51A and 51B.
  • the arms 71 and 72 are tightened, by rolling the rollers 71A and 72B on the ramps 20D and 20E, the rollers 71B and 72B releasing the ramps 51A and 51B.
  • the device is ready to execute a second opening order, given by an electrical pulse to the coil 37.
  • the arm 96 At the end of the closing phase (FIG. 4), the arm 96 has driven the contact 99, thus closing the supply circuit of the motor 84.
  • the latter starts up and drives the wheel 83.
  • the finger 93 drives the stop 88, which causes the rotation of the wheel 80 and the movement of the chain 82.
  • the spring 54 is thus progressively bandaged.
  • the arm 90 At the end of compression of the spring, the arm 90 abuts on the stop 89, causing the bent lever 90-91 to rotate and the finger 93 to be released.
  • the arm 96 drives the stop 97A causing the electrical circuit of the motor 84 to open.
  • an OFO cycle is followed by another FO cycle after a time delay of 15 seconds. This duration is sufficient to allow the spring 54 to be reset.
  • the FO cycle will be obtained by a pulse on the coil 37 followed by a section on the coil 68.
  • FIG. 6 represents a three-pole circuit breaker comprising 3 columns 101, 102 and 103 each comprising a breaking chamber.
  • Each column is provided with an operating device according to the invention, respectively 111, 112 and 113.
  • connecting rods 117, 118 and 119 are fixed, connected together by a cable 120 to a locking member 121 controlled by an electromagnet 122.
  • the ends 134, 135 and 136 of the interlocking assemblies are connected by cables 137, 138, 139 to a common locking 140, controlled by an electromagnet 141 and connected to a reset device 142, similar to that described above.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

A mechanism for operating a circuit-breaker and suitable for causing a circuit-breaker to perform a rapid opening-closing-re-opening cycle, said circuit-breaker including a set of fixed contacts and a set moving contacts, said operating mechanism including an operating rod (13) for connection to said set of moving contacts, a first spring (24) imparting motion, when it expands, to said rod in a direction corresponding to circuit-breaker opening, a second spring capable of storing at least twice as much energy as said first spring and imparting motion, when it expands, to said rod in a direction which corresponds to said circuit-breaker closing, said mechanism further including means for ensuring that expansion of said second spring causes said first spring to be re-compressed, and each of said first and second springs being associated with a respective controllable locking member, said circuit-breaker operating mechanism being characterized in that it further includes a first cylinder (20) having said operating rod passing axially therethrough, a second cylinder (22) coaxial with said first cylinder, fixed relative thereto, and containing said first spring (24) therein, and a third cylinder (50) coaxial with said first and second cylinders and disposed between said first cylinder and said second cylinder and being movable relative thereto, said second spring (54) being disposed between said first and second cylinders, said third cylinder including a collar (50A) serving as an abutment for said second spring, and enabling said third cylinder to slide in said first cylinder and co-operating with a set of levers (71, 72) which are hinged on and fixed to said rod for driving said rod when said second spring expands.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif de manoeuvre d'un disjoncteur et plus précisément à un dispositif de manoeuvre à mouvement linéaire communiquant, à la tige mobile du disjoncteur, un mouvement d'ouverture dans un sens et un mouvement de fermeture dans le sens opposé.The present invention relates to a device for operating a circuit breaker and more specifically to a device for operating a linear movement communicating, to the movable rod of the circuit breaker, an opening movement in one direction and a closing movement in the direction opposite.

Un but de l'invention est de réaliser un dispositif de manoeuvre permettant d'effectuer un cycle rapide OFO (cycle comprenant successi­vement une ouverture du disjoncteur, sa refermeture et une seconde ouverture) suivi, après une temporisation (par exemple non inférieure à 15 secondes) d'un cycle rapide FO (cycle comprenant une fermeture du disjoncteur suivi d'une ouverture).An object of the invention is to provide an operating device making it possible to carry out a rapid OFO cycle (cycle comprising successively an opening of the circuit breaker, its closing and a second opening) followed, after a time delay (for example not less than 15 seconds ) a rapid FO cycle (cycle comprising closing of the circuit breaker followed by opening).

On connaît, notamment par le brevet américain n° 4 162 385, un dispositif de commande à deux ressorts, capable de réaliser le cycle mentionné plus haut.Is known, in particular from US Patent No. 4,162,385, a control device with two springs, capable of performing the cycle mentioned above.

Un inconvénient des dispositifs de l'art antérieur est que l'énergie des ressorts est transmise d'un ressort à l'autre ainsi qu'à l'organe de manoeuvre du disjoncteur, par l'intermédiaire de bielles articulées autour d'arbres. Or, les disjoncteurs à haute tension, notam­ment ceux à auto-soufflage nécessitent un déplacement rapide des contacts de manière que les temps d'ouverture et de fermeture des contacts soient les plus courts possibles. Il importe donc que le dispo­sitif de manoeuvre soit disposé le plus près possible de la tige mobile de transmission du mouvement.A disadvantage of the devices of the prior art is that the energy of the springs is transmitted from one spring to the other as well as to the operating member of the circuit breaker, by means of connecting rods articulated around shafts. However, high voltage circuit breakers, especially those with self-blowing require rapid movement of the contacts so that the opening and closing times of the contacts are as short as possible. It is therefore important that the operating device is placed as close as possible to the movable rod for transmitting the movement.

Un but de l'invention est de réaliser un dispositif de manoeuvre dans lequel les transferts d'énergie d'un ressort à l'autre et des ressorts à la tige mobile sont effectués sans interposition de tringles, bielles ou autres éléments de transmission de mouvement.An object of the invention is to provide an operating device in which the energy transfers from one spring to another and from the springs to the movable rod are carried out without the interposition of rods, connecting rods or other movement transmission elements .

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un dispositif de manoeuvre dans lequel les fonctions "accumulation d'énergie" et "commande" soient physiquement séparables, en particulier pour pouvoir commander à distance la manoeuvre des disjoncteurs, sans avoir à utiliser des organes mécaniques de transmission des mouvements de déclenchement et d'enclenchement rapide.Another object of the invention is to provide an operating device in which the functions “energy accumulation” and “control” are physically separable, in particular so as to be able to control the operation of the circuit breakers remotely, without having to use members mechanical transmission of triggering and rapid engagement movements.

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de manoeuvre de disjonc­teurs, permettant d'effectuer un cycle rapide d'ouverture, de fermeture et de réouverture d'un disjoncteur (cycle OFO), le disjoncteur comprenant un ensemble de contacts fixes et un ensemble de contacts mobiles, comprenant une tige de manoeuvre destinée à être reliée au dit ensemble de contacts mobiles, un premier ressort communiquant lorsqu'il se détend, un mouvement à la tige dans le sens correspondant à l'ouver­ture du disjoncteur, un second ressort, dont l'énergie est au moins égale au double de celle du premier ressort et communi quant lorsqu'il se détend un mouvement à la tige dans le sens correspondant à la fermeture du disjoncteur, ledit dispositif comprenant des moyens pour que la détente de second ressort entraîne le réarmement du premier ressort, chacun desdits ressorts étant associé à un organe de verrouillage commandable, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier cylindre traversé axialemement par la dite tige de manoeuvre, un second cylindre coaxial audit premier cylindre, fixe par rapport à celui-ci, et contenant à son intérieur ledit premier ressort et un troisième cylindre coaxial aux premier et second cylindre et disposé entre le premmier et le second cylindre et mobile par rapport à ceux-ci, le second ressort étant disposé entre le premier et le second cylindre, le troisème cylindre comprenant une collerette servant d'appui au second ressort, permettant le coulissement du troisième cylindre dans le premier et coopérant avec un ensemble de leviers articulés et fixés à ladite tige pour entraîner celle-ci lors de la détente du second ressort.The subject of the invention is a device for operating circuit breakers, making it possible to carry out a rapid cycle of opening, closing and reopening of a circuit breaker (OFO cycle), the circuit breaker comprising a set of fixed contacts and a set of movable contacts, comprising an operating rod intended to be connected to said set of movable contacts, a first spring communicating when it relaxes, a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the opening of the circuit breaker, a second spring, of which the energy is at least twice that of the first spring and when it relaxes a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the closing of the circuit breaker, said device comprising means so that the relaxation of the second spring causes rearming the first spring, each of said springs being associated with a controllable locking member, characterized in that it comprises a first cylinder axially traversed by said tig e of operation, a second cylinder coaxial with said first cylinder, fixed with respect thereto, and containing inside it said first spring and a third cylinder coaxial with the first and second cylinder and disposed between the first and the second cylinder and movable by relative to these, the second spring being disposed between the first and the second cylinder, the third cylinder comprising a flange serving as a support for the second spring, allowing the sliding of the third cylinder in the first and cooperating with a set of articulated levers and fixed to said rod to drive the latter when the second spring is released.

L'invention est précisée par la description qui va suivre d'un mode préféré de réalisation, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • - La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation et partiellement en coupe d'un pôle de disjoncteur muni du dispositif de l'invention
  • - Les figures 2 à 5 sont des vues schématiques et partiellement en coupe du dispositif de manoeuvre de l'invention, dans diverses configu­rations correspondant à un cycle OFO.
  • - La figure 6 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur tripolaire muni de trois dispositifs de manoeuvre selon l'invention
The invention is clarified by the description which follows of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic view in elevation and partially in section of a circuit breaker pole provided with the device of the invention
  • - Figures 2 to 5 are schematic views and partially in section of the operating device of the invention, in various configurations corresponding to an OFO cycle.
  • - Figure 6 is a schematic elevational view of a three-pole circuit breaker provided with three operating devices according to the invention

Dans la figure 1, la référence 1 désigne une colonne isolante d'un disjoncteur. La colonne repose sur un châssis 2 fixé au sol.In Figure 1, reference 1 designates an insulating column of a circuit breaker. The column rests on a frame 2 fixed to the ground.

Un contact fixe 3 est placé dans une chambre 4 de la colonne remplie de gaz diélectrique tel que l'hexafluorure de souffre.A fixed contact 3 is placed in a chamber 4 of the column filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride.

La chambre 4 est délimitée, à sa partie supérieure, par un couvercle 5 auquel est fixé une prise de courant 6, et, à sa partie inférieure par une cloison 7 à laquelle est fixée une prise de courant 8.The chamber 4 is delimited at its upper part by a cover 5 to which a socket 6 is fixed, and at its lower part by a partition 7 to which a socket 8 is fixed.

L'ensemble mobile, comprend des contacts 9 et une tuyère 10 fixés à un cylindre de compression 11. Le cylindre est relié à une tige de manoeuvre 12 qui traverse de manière étanche la cloison 7.The movable assembly comprises contacts 9 and a nozzle 10 fixed to a compression cylinder 11. The cylinder is connected to an operating rod 12 which passes through the partition 7 in leaktight manner.

Cette tige 12 est fixée à une tige 13 de l'organe de manoeuvre de l'invention, représenté dans la figure 1 par un contour polygonal 14.This rod 12 is fixed to a rod 13 of the operating member of the invention, represented in FIG. 1 by a polygonal contour 14.

L'organe de manoeuvre 14 est fixé sur le châssis 2 donc au voisinage immédiat de la tige de manoeuvre 12 du disjoncteur. On se reportera maintenant à la figure 2 représentant l'organe de manoeuvre 14.The operating member 14 is fixed to the chassis 2, therefore in the immediate vicinity of the operating rod 12 of the circuit breaker. Reference will now be made to FIG. 2 representing the operating member 14.

Il comprend un corps cylindrique 20, ouvert à son extrémité inférieure et fermé, à sa partie supérieure, par un couvercle 20A muni d'un orifice central traversé par la tige 13, reliée, comme on l'a vu précédemment, à la tige de manoeuvre 12 de l'ensemble mobile du disjonc­teur.It comprises a cylindrical body 20, open at its lower end and closed, at its upper part, by a cover 20A provided with a central orifice traversed by the rod 13, connected, as we have seen previously, to the rod operation 12 of the mobile circuit breaker assembly.

La tige 13 traverse le fond 21 d'un cylindre 22 fixe, coaxial au cylindre 20 auquel il est fixé par des bras 23.The rod 13 passes through the bottom 21 of a fixed cylinder 22, coaxial with the cylinder 20 to which it is fixed by arms 23.

Un ressort 24 est disposé entre le fond 21 du cylindre 22 et s'appuie sur une collerette 13A de la tige 13. Dans la figure 2, le ressort 24 est représenté bandé.A spring 24 is disposed between the bottom 21 of the cylinder 22 and rests on a flange 13A of the rod 13. In Figure 2, the spring 24 is shown bandaged.

La tige 13 est en position haute (disjoncteur fermé) et est maintenue grâce à un levier de verrouillage 30, d'axe 31, venant en appui sur un galet 13B à l'extrémité de la tige 13. Le levier de verrouillage 30 est lui-même maintenu en position fixe par un levier coudé d'accrochage 34, d'axe 35 venant en appui d'un côté sur un galet 32 du levier 30 et de l'autre côté sur un noyau 36 d'une bobine électromagnétique 37.The rod 13 is in the high position (circuit breaker closed) and is maintained by means of a locking lever 30, of axis 31, bearing on a roller 13B at the end of the rod 13. The locking lever 30 is itself even maintained in a fixed position by an angled hooking lever 34, with an axis 35 bearing on one side on a roller 32 of the lever 30 and on the other side on a core 36 of an electromagnetic coil 37.

Les leviers 30 et 34 sont munis de ressorts de rappel, référencés respectivement 33 et 38.The levers 30 and 34 are provided with return springs, referenced respectively 33 and 38.

Les axes des leviers et la bobine sont solidaires d'une plaque 40 fixée au cylindre 20.The axes of the levers and the coil are integral with a plate 40 attached to cylinder 20.

A 'intérieur du cylindre 20 est disposé un cylindre mobile 50, coaxial aux cylindres 20 et 22. Le cylindre 50 peut coulisser grâce à une collerette 51 ajourée pour le passage des bras 23. Le cylindre 50 est échancré, à sa partie inférieure 52, pour permettre le passage du levier 30 , et porte un galet d'extrémité 53.Inside the cylinder 20 is disposed a movable cylinder 50, coaxial with the cylinders 20 and 22. The cylinder 50 can slide by means of a perforated flange 51 for the passage of the arms 23. The cylinder 50 is notched, at its lower part 52, to allow passage of the lever 30, and carries an end roller 53.

Un ressort 54 est disposé entre les cylindres 20 et 50 ; il s'appuie, à une extrémité, sur la collerette 51 et, à l'autre extrémité, sur un repli 20B du cylindre 20.A spring 54 is disposed between the cylinders 20 and 50; it is supported, at one end, on the collar 51 and, at the other end, on a fold 20B of the cylinder 20.

Le ressort est représenté bandé dans la figure 2.The spring is shown bandaged in Figure 2.

Le cylindre 50 est maintenu fixe grâce à un levier de verrouil­lage 60, d'axe 61 et muni d'un ressort de rappel 62 et d'un galet 63. Le levier de verrouillage est lui-même maintenu en place grâce à un levier coudé d'accrochage 65, d'axe 66, muni d'un ressort de rappel 64 et coopérant, de la même manière que le levier 34, avec une bobine électro­magnétique 68 ayant un noyau 69. La tige 13 porte un arbre d'articula­tion 70 autour duquel pivotent des leviers tels que 71 et 72, munis de galets d'extrémités 71A, 71B et 72A, 72B respectivement.The cylinder 50 is kept fixed by means of a locking lever 60, of axis 61 and provided with a return spring 62 and a roller 63. The locking lever is itself held in place by means of an angled lever attachment 65, axis 66, provided with a return spring 64 and cooperating, in the same manner as the lever 34, with an electromagnetic coil 68 having a core 69. The rod 13 carries a hinge shaft 70 around which pivot levers such as 71 and 72, provided with end rollers 71A, 71B and 72A, 72B respectively.

Un ressort 73 tend à écarter les leviers. Des butées 71C et 72C limitent cet écartement.A spring 73 tends to spread the levers. Stops 71C and 72C limit this spacing.

Le dispositif de manoeuvre de l'invention est completé par un ensemble de rearmement comprenant :
- une roue dentée 80 d'axe 81 sur laquelle peut s'enrouler une chaîne 82 fixée à l'extrémité inférieure 52 du cylindre 50.
- une roue à rochet 83, de même axe que la roue 80 et folle sur cet axe, entraînée en rotation par un moteur 84 entraînant un excentrique 85 et un système à cliquet 86.
- un sytème d'accrochage peut solidariser les roues 80 et 83, il comprend un arbre 87 solidaire de la roue 83, un galet 88 solidaire de la roue 80, une butée fixe 89, et un levier coudé articulé autour de l'arbre 87 et comprenant un bras 90 et un bras 91 muni d'une lumière 92, d'un doigt d'accrochage 93 et d'un ressort de rappel 94 lié à la roue 83.The operating device of the invention is completed by a rearming assembly comprising:
a toothed wheel 80 with an axis 81 on which a chain 82 can be wound, fixed to the lower end 52 of the cylinder 50.
- a ratchet wheel 83, of the same axis as the wheel 80 and idle on this axis, driven in rotation by a motor 84 driving an eccentric 85 and a ratchet system 86.
- An attachment system can secure the wheels 80 and 83, it comprises a shaft 87 secured to the wheel 83, a roller 88 secured to the wheel 80, a fixed stop 89, and a bent lever articulated around the shaft 87 and comprising an arm 90 and an arm 91 provided with a light 92, a latching finger 93 and a return spring 94 linked to the wheel 83.

Un ergot 95 solidaire de la roue 83 traverse la lumière 92 ; il sert à limiter la course du levier 90-91.A lug 95 secured to the wheel 83 passes through the light 92; it serves to limit the stroke of the lever 90-91.

Le moteur 84 est alimenté par une source de courant 100, par l'intermédiaire d'un contacteur ayant un contact fixe 98 et un contact 99 mobile. Le déplacement du contact 99 est obtenu grâce à un bras 96 solidaire de l'extrémité 52 et coopérant avec une butée 97A de la tige porte-contact 97.The motor 84 is supplied by a current source 100, by through a contactor having a fixed contact 98 and a movable contact 99. The displacement of the contact 99 is obtained by virtue of an arm 96 secured to the end 52 and cooperating with a stop 97A of the contact-carrying rod 97.

Le ressort 54 est choisi pour emmagasiner une énergie au moins double de celle du ressort 24.The spring 54 is chosen to store an energy at least twice that of the spring 24.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif de l'invention est le suivant.The operation of the device of the invention is as follows.

En position fermée du disjoncteur, la tige 13, reliée à la tige 12 du disjoncteur, est en position haute (figure 2).In the closed position of the circuit breaker, the rod 13, connected to the rod 12 of the circuit breaker, is in the high position (FIG. 2).

Les ressorts 24 et 54 sont bandés. En cas de défaut, un ordre d'ouverture est donné par une impulsion électrique de la bobine 37 ; le noyau 38 de celle-ci se déplace et pousse le bras du levier coudé 34 qui pivote. Le galet 32 est libéré et le levier 30 pivote sous l'action du galet 13 B.The springs 24 and 54 are bandaged. In the event of a fault, an opening order is given by an electrical pulse from the coil 37; the core 38 of the latter moves and pushes the arm of the bent lever 34 which pivots. The roller 32 is released and the lever 30 pivots under the action of the roller 13 B.

Le ressort 24 se détend, entraînant la tige 13 et provoquant aussi l'ouverture du disjoncteur.The spring 24 relaxes, driving the rod 13 and also causing the opening of the circuit breaker.

Le mouvement est amorti grâce à une collerette 13C de la tige qui vient en contact avec une couche de matériau élastique 21C placée sur le fond 21 du cylindre 22 (figure 3).The movement is damped by means of a collar 13C of the rod which comes into contact with a layer of elastic material 21C placed on the bottom 21 of the cylinder 22 (FIG. 3).

Les bras 71 et 72 s'écartent lorsqu'ils ont quitté le couvercle 20A. Dans la position de la figure 3 (disjoncteur ouvert), les bras 71 et 72 viennent en appui sur des épaulements 51A et 51B de la collerette 51.The arms 71 and 72 move apart when they have left the cover 20A. In the position of FIG. 3 (open circuit breaker), the arms 71 and 72 come to bear on the shoulders 51A and 51B of the flange 51.

Un ordre de refermeture est donné par une impulsion électrique dans la bobine 68 (figure 4).A reclosing order is given by an electrical pulse in the coil 68 (Figure 4).

Le noyau 69 de celle-ci fait basculer le levier 65 qui libère le galet 63 du levier 60 qui bascule sous l'action du ressort 62. Le galet 53 est libéré, autorisant la détente du ressort 54 qui entraîne vers le haut le cylindre 50.The core 69 of the latter switches the lever 65 which releases the roller 63 from the lever 60 which switches under the action of the spring 62. The roller 53 is released, allowing the spring 54 to relax, which drives the cylinder 50 upwards. .

La tige 13 suit le mouvement du cylindre 50 grâce à l'appui des galets 71B et 72B sur les épaulements 51A et 51B.The rod 13 follows the movement of the cylinder 50 thanks to the support of the rollers 71B and 72B on the shoulders 51A and 51B.

En fin de course, amortie grâce à un revêtement élastique 20C porté par le couvercle 20A, les bras 71 et 72 se ressèrent, par roulement des galets 71A et 72B sur les rampes 20D et 20E, les galets 71B et 72B libérant les rampes 51A et 51B.At the end of the race, damped thanks to an elastic coating 20C carried by the cover 20A, the arms 71 and 72 are tightened, by rolling the rollers 71A and 72B on the ramps 20D and 20E, the rollers 71B and 72B releasing the ramps 51A and 51B.

Le mouvement de la tige 13 vers le haut entraîne le bandage du ressort 24 suivi du verrouillage de la tige par le levier 30.The movement of the rod 13 upwards drives the bandage of the spring 24 followed by the locking of the rod by the lever 30.

Le dispositif est prêt pour exécuter un deuxième ordre d'ouver­ture, donné par une impulsion électrique à la bobine 37.The device is ready to execute a second opening order, given by an electrical pulse to the coil 37.

Le fonctionnement est alors identique à celui de la première ouverture.The operation is then identical to that of the first opening.

A la fin de la phase de fermeture (figure 4), le bras 96 a entraîné le contact 99, fermant ainsi le circuit d'alimentation du moteur 84. Ce dernier se met en route et entraîne la roue 83. Le doigt 93 entraîne la butée 88, ce qui provoque la rotation de la roue 80 et le déplacement de la chaîne 82. Le ressort 54 est ainsi progressivement bandé.At the end of the closing phase (FIG. 4), the arm 96 has driven the contact 99, thus closing the supply circuit of the motor 84. The latter starts up and drives the wheel 83. The finger 93 drives the stop 88, which causes the rotation of the wheel 80 and the movement of the chain 82. The spring 54 is thus progressively bandaged.

En fin de compression du ressort, le bras 90 vient en butée sur la butée 89, provoquant la rotation du levier coudé 90-91 et le dégagement du doigt 93.At the end of compression of the spring, the arm 90 abuts on the stop 89, causing the bent lever 90-91 to rotate and the finger 93 to be released.

Simultanément, l'extrémité 52 du cylindre 50 vient s'accrocher sur le levier 60.Simultaneously, the end 52 of the cylinder 50 is hooked onto the lever 60.

Le bras 96 entraîne la butée 97A provoquant l'ouverture du circuit électrique du moteur 84. Dans certains cas d'utilisation de disjoncteurs, un cycle OFO est suivi d'un autre cycle FO après une temporisation de 15 secondes. Cette durée est suffisante pour permettre le réarmement du ressort 54.The arm 96 drives the stop 97A causing the electrical circuit of the motor 84 to open. In some cases of use of circuit breakers, an OFO cycle is followed by another FO cycle after a time delay of 15 seconds. This duration is sufficient to allow the spring 54 to be reset.

Le cycle FO sera obtenu par une impulsion sur la bobine 37 suivi d'une section sur la bobine 68.The FO cycle will be obtained by a pulse on the coil 37 followed by a section on the coil 68.

La figure 6 représente un disjoncteur tripolaire comprenant 3 colonnes 101,102 et 103 comprenant chacun une chambre de coupure.FIG. 6 represents a three-pole circuit breaker comprising 3 columns 101, 102 and 103 each comprising a breaking chamber.

Chaque colonne est munie d'un dispositif de manoeuvre selon l'in­vention, respectivement 111, 112 et 113.Each column is provided with an operating device according to the invention, respectively 111, 112 and 113.

Ces dispositifs sont identiques à ceux décrits en référence aux figures 2 à 5, à une différence près : les dispositifs de verrouillage sont communs.These devices are identical to those described with reference to Figures 2 to 5, with one difference: the locking devices are common.

Ainsi, aux extrémités 114,115,116 des tiges, sont fixées des bielles 117,118 et 119 reliées entre elles par un câble 120 à un organe de verrouillage 121 commandé par un électro-aimant 122.Thus, at the ends 114, 115, 116 of the rods, connecting rods 117, 118 and 119 are fixed, connected together by a cable 120 to a locking member 121 controlled by an electromagnet 122.

De même, les extrémités 134,135 et 136 des ensembles d'enclenchement sont reliées par des câbles 137,138,139 à un organe de verrouillage commun 140, commandé par un électro-aimant 141 et relié à un dispositif de réarmement 142, analogue à celui décrit précédemment.Likewise, the ends 134, 135 and 136 of the interlocking assemblies are connected by cables 137, 138, 139 to a common locking 140, controlled by an electromagnet 141 and connected to a reset device 142, similar to that described above.

On voit que, dans ce montage tripolaire, les parties actives (res­sorts) communiquent directement le mouvement à la tige du disjoncteur, sans aucune interposition de bielles et de tringles.We see that, in this three-pole assembly, the active parts (springs) directly communicate the movement to the rod of the circuit breaker, without any interposition of connecting rods and rods.

Claims (5)

1/ Dispositif de manoeuvre de disjoncteurs, permettant d'effectuer un cycle rapide d'ouverture, de fermeture et de réouverture d'un disjonc­teur (cycle OFO), le disjoncteur comprenant un ensemble de contacts fixes et un ensemble de contacts mobiles, une tige de manoeuvre (13) destinée à être reliée audit ensemble de contacts mobiles, un premier ressort (24) communiquant lorsqu'il se détend, un mouvement à la tige dans le sens correspondant à l'ouverture du disjoncteur, un second ressort (54), dont l'énergie est au moins égale au double de celle du premier ressort et communiquant lorsqu'il se détend un mouvement à la tige dans le sens correspondant à la fermeture du disjoncteur, ledit dispositif comprenant des moyens (71,72) pour que la détente de second ressort entraîne le réarmement du premier ressort, chacun desdits ressorts (30, 60) étant associé à un organe de verrouillage commandable, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier cylindre (20) traversé axia­lemement par la dite tige de manoeuvre, un second cylindre (22) coaxial audit premier cylindre, fixe par rapport à celui-ci, et contenant à son intérieur ledit premier ressort (24) et un troisième cylindre (50) coaxial aux premier et second cylindre et disposé entre le premmier et le second cylindre et mobile par rapport à ceux-ci, le second ressort (54) étant disposé entre le premier et le second cylindre, le troisème cylindre comprenant une collerette (50A) servant d'appui au second ressort, permettant le coulissement du troisième cylindre dans le premier et coopérant avec un ensemble de leviers (71,72) articulés et fixés à ladite tige pour entraîner celle-ci lors de la détente du second ressort.1 / Device for operating circuit breakers, allowing a rapid opening, closing and reopening cycle of a circuit breaker (OFO cycle), the circuit breaker comprising a set of fixed contacts and a set of movable contacts, a rod operating (13) intended to be connected to said set of movable contacts, a first spring (24) communicating when it relaxes, a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the opening of the circuit breaker, a second spring (54) , whose energy is at least twice that of the first spring and communicating when it relaxes a movement of the rod in the direction corresponding to the closing of the circuit breaker, said device comprising means (71,72) so that the second spring trigger causes the first spring to be reset, each of said springs (30, 60) being associated with a controllable locking member, characterized in that it comprises a first cylinder (20) axially traversed by said rod operating, a second cylinder (22) coaxial with said first cylinder, fixed relative thereto, and containing inside said first spring (24) and a third cylinder (50) coaxial with the first and second cylinder and disposed between the first and the second cylinder and movable relative thereto, the second spring (54) being disposed between the first and the second cylinder, the third cylinder comprising a flange (50A) serving as support for the second spring, allowing the sliding of the third cylinder in the first and cooperating with a set of levers (71,72) articulated and fixed to said rod to drive the latter when the second spring is released. 2/ Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que lesdits leviers articulés (71,72) coopérent avec des rampes (20D,20E), portées par le couvercle (20A) du dit premier cylindre (20) ; lesdites rampes communiquant aux leviers, un mouvement leur permettant de se raprocher pour permettre leur passage à travers ladite collerette (51), lorsque le premier ressort (24) se détend alors que le second ressort (54) est déjà détendu.2 / Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said articulated levers (71,72) cooperate with ramps (20D, 20E), carried by the cover (20A) of said first cylinder (20); said ramps communicating with the levers, a movement allowing them to move closer to allow their passage through said flange (51), when the first spring (24) relaxes while the second spring (54) is already relaxed. 3/ Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé en ce que le troisième cylindre (50) est relié à un dispositif (80,82,84) lui communiquant un mouvement de translation pour réarmer le second ressort (54).3 / Device according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the third cylinder (50) is connected to a device (80,82,84) him communicating a translational movement to reset the second spring (54). 4/ Dispositif selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que ledit dis­positif comprend une chaîne (82) fixée à l'extrémité du troisième cylindre et s'enroulant sur une roue (80) entraînée par un moteur élec­trique (84).4 / Device according to claim 3 characterized in that said device comprises a chain (82) fixed to the end of the third cylinder and winding on a wheel (80) driven by an electric motor (84). 5/ Disjoncteur tripolaire caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend trois dispositifs (111,112,113) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4.5 / Three-pole circuit breaker characterized in that it comprises three devices (111,112,113) according to one of claims 1 to 4.
EP86114528A 1985-10-23 1986-10-21 Operating device for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker provided with this device Expired - Lifetime EP0221430B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86114528T ATE56304T1 (en) 1985-10-23 1986-10-21 CONTROL DEVICE FOR A SWITCH AND SWITCH EQUIPPED WITH THESE DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8515751 1985-10-23
FR8515751A FR2589001A1 (en) 1985-10-23 1985-10-23 DEVICE FOR MANEUVERING A CIRCUIT BREAKER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER PROVIDED WITH SAID DEVICE

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EP0221430A1 true EP0221430A1 (en) 1987-05-13
EP0221430B1 EP0221430B1 (en) 1990-09-05

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EP86114528A Expired - Lifetime EP0221430B1 (en) 1985-10-23 1986-10-21 Operating device for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker provided with this device

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US (1) US4678877A (en)
EP (1) EP0221430B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1011449B (en)
AT (1) ATE56304T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3673949D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2017617B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2589001A1 (en)
GR (1) GR3000982T3 (en)

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EP0372449A1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-13 Gec Alsthom Sa Operating device for a circuit breaker
FR2666684A1 (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-03-13 Alsthom Gec CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL.
EP0660347A1 (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-06-28 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Linear operating device for circuit breaker
EP0665564A1 (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-02 GEC ALSTHOM T & D INC Driving mechanism for a protective breaker
FR2741473A1 (en) * 1995-11-21 1997-05-23 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Temporary restraint for sprung slider to set circuit breaker
EP0801406A1 (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-15 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Control device with rectilinear springs for high voltage circuitbreaker
FR2778492A1 (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-12 Alsthom Gec Circuit breaker with spring action for resetting contacts
FR2779565A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-10 Alsthom Gec Controller mechanism for high voltage switchgear
EP3594976A1 (en) 2018-07-12 2020-01-15 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Method for detecting insufficient contact pressure in a switchgear, device for implementing such a method, and switchgear comprising such a device

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US5005923A (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-04-09 Spacesaver Corporation Limit switch assembly for mobile storage apparatus
IT1282078B1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1998-03-09 Abb Research Ltd HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT SWITCH
IT1296880B1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-08-02 Abb Adda S P A HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT SWITCH
FR2907596B1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2009-01-23 Areva T & D Sa DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
EP2317528B1 (en) 2009-11-03 2014-02-26 ABB Technology AG A spring operated actuator for an electrical switching apparatus
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EP2317530B1 (en) 2009-11-03 2014-02-26 ABB Technology AG A spring operated actuator for an electrical switching apparatus
FR2998705B1 (en) * 2012-11-28 2015-02-13 Alstom Technology Ltd SPRING-TYPE CONTROL DEVICE PARTICULARLY FOR HIGH VOLTAGE OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER OR SWITCH
US9472359B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2016-10-18 Eaton Corporation Trip latch assemblies for circuit breakers and related circuit breakers
US9373456B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2016-06-21 Eaton Corporation Circuit breakers with clock spring drives and/or multi-lobe drive cams and related actuators and methods
CN104465240B (en) * 2014-10-23 2016-10-05 上海思源高压开关有限公司 The bindiny mechanism of a kind of splitting or integrating lock spring and regulation frock thereof
EP3208817B1 (en) 2016-02-16 2018-11-14 ABB Schweiz AG A spring operated actuator for an electric apparatus
HUE043774T2 (en) 2016-06-28 2019-09-30 Abb Schweiz Ag A spring operated actuator
CN109003861A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-12-14 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 A kind of moving contact power transmission of protecting against shock

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Cited By (20)

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FR2640424A1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-15 Alsthom Gec CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
EP0372449A1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-13 Gec Alsthom Sa Operating device for a circuit breaker
FR2666684A1 (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-03-13 Alsthom Gec CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL.
EP0475247A1 (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-03-18 Gec Alsthom Sa Operating device for circuit breaker
US5151567A (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-09-29 Gec Alsthom Sa Circuit breaker control apparatus
US5512869A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-04-30 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Linear control apparatus for a circuit-breaker
EP0660347A1 (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-06-28 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Linear operating device for circuit breaker
FR2714522A1 (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-06-30 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Linear control device for circuit breaker.
US5563390A (en) * 1994-02-01 1996-10-08 Gec Alsthom T & D Inc. Actuating mechanism for actuating a protective interrupting chamber
FR2715763A1 (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-04 Gec Alsthom T D Inc Mechanism for actuating a protective switch-off chamber.
EP0665564A1 (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-02 GEC ALSTHOM T & D INC Driving mechanism for a protective breaker
FR2741473A1 (en) * 1995-11-21 1997-05-23 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Temporary restraint for sprung slider to set circuit breaker
EP0801406A1 (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-15 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Control device with rectilinear springs for high voltage circuitbreaker
FR2747502A1 (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-17 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa CONTROLLER SPRING CONTROL FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER
US5756952A (en) * 1996-04-10 1998-05-26 Gec Alsthom T & D S A Straight spring operating mechanism for high-voltage circuit-breakers
CN1059049C (en) * 1996-04-10 2000-11-29 Gec阿尔斯托姆T&D公司 Linear spring controller for high-voltage circuit breaker
FR2778492A1 (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-12 Alsthom Gec Circuit breaker with spring action for resetting contacts
FR2779565A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-10 Alsthom Gec Controller mechanism for high voltage switchgear
EP3594976A1 (en) 2018-07-12 2020-01-15 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Method for detecting insufficient contact pressure in a switchgear, device for implementing such a method, and switchgear comprising such a device
FR3083915A1 (en) 2018-07-12 2020-01-17 Schneider Electric Industries Sas METHOD FOR DETECTION OF INSUFFICIENT CONTACT PRESSURE IN A CUTTING APPARATUS, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A METHOD, AND CUTTING APPARATUS COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2589001A1 (en) 1987-04-24
CN86107271A (en) 1987-04-22
ES2017617B3 (en) 1991-03-01
CN1011449B (en) 1991-01-30
ATE56304T1 (en) 1990-09-15
GR3000982T3 (en) 1991-12-10
DE3673949D1 (en) 1990-10-11
US4678877A (en) 1987-07-07
EP0221430B1 (en) 1990-09-05

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