Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds

Definitions

• This invention relates to liquid scouring cleansers.
• it relates to viscous, aqueous scouring cleansers containing an abrasive and a binary solvent system. These cleansers are suitable for use as general purpose household cleaning compositions.
• Powdered cleaning compositions consist mainly of builder or buffering salts such as phosphates, carbonates, silicates, etc., and although such compositions may display good inorganic soil removal, they are generally deficient in cleaning ability on organic soils such as the grease/fatty/oily soils typically found in the domestic environment.
• Liquid cleaning compositions on the other hand, have the great advantage that they can be applied to hard surfaces in neat or concentrated form so that a relatively high level of surfactant material is delivered directly to the soil. Moreover, it is a rather more straightforward task to incorporate high concentrations of anionic or nonionic surfactant in a liquid rather than a granular composition. For both these reasons, therefore, liquid cleaning compositions have the p6tential to provide superior grease and oily soil removal over powdered cleaning compositions.
• liquid cleaning compositions still suffer a number of drawbacks which can limit their consumer acceptability.
• they generally contain little or no detergency builder salts and consequently they tend to have poor cleaning performance on particulate soil and also lack "robustness" under varying water hardness levels.
• they can suffer problems of product form, in particular, phase instability, inhomogeneity, lack of clarity, or inadequate viscosity characteristics for consumer use.
• the higher in-product and in-use surfactant concentration necessary for Improved grease handling raises problems of extensive suds formation requiring frequent rinsing and wiping on behalf of the consumer.
• oversudsing may be controlled to some extent by incorporating a suds-regulating material such as hydrophobic silica and/or silicone or soap, this in itself can raise problems of poor product stability and homogeneity and also problems associated with deposition of insoluble particulate or soap residues on the items or surfaces being cleaned, leading to filming, streaking and spotting.
• a suds-regulating material such as hydrophobic silica and/or silicone or soap
• liquid cleaners suffer from the disadvantage that they do not contain abrasives, which contribute substantially to the cleaning performance of many dry-powder household and industrial cleaning compositions.
• Liquid cleansers that do contain abrasives can suffer from phase instability including layering and abrasive settling. This phase Instability problem is aggravated when solvents are present in the cleanser compositions.
• Terpenes are, per se, well-known components of perfume compositions and are often incorporated into detergent compositions at low levels via the perfume. Certain terpenes have also been included in detergent compositions at higher levels; for instance, German Patent Application 21 13 732 discloses the use of aliphatic and alicyclic terpenes as antimicrobial agents in washing compositions; British Pat. No. 1,308,190 teaches the use of dipentenes in a thixotropic liquid detergent suspension base composition. German Patent Application 29 09 690 teaches the use of pine oil (a mixture mainly of terpene alcohols) in liquid hard surface cleaning compositions.
• European Application 81-200540.3 teaches the use of terpenes with solvents such as benzyl alcohol and ethylene glycol dibutyl ether in liquid cleanser compositions.
• European Application 82-201396.7 teaches the use of terpenes and butyl carbitol (a trademark for 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol) In a liquid cleanser, optionally with particulate zeolite builders.
• compositions herein may be succinctly described as viscous, phase stable liquid scouring cleansers which comprise 1-10% of a surfactant mixture of paraffin sulfonate (NaPS) and alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS). 0.5-10% of a terpene or a terpene derivative, or mixtures thereof; 0.5-3% of a polar solvent (benzyl alcohol); 0.4-1% of a high molecular weight acrylic polymeric thickener; and from 1-50% of a water-insoluble abrasive of the type described hereinafter; and 0.03-0.5% of selected viscosity enhancing compounds.
• NaPS paraffin sulfonate
• LAS alkyl benzene sulfonate
• the present invention provides abrasive-containing liquid cleaning and scouring compositions which have excellent phase stability and suds control across a broad range of usage and water hardness conditions and which provide excellent shine performance together with improved cleaning characteristics both on greasy/oily soils and on inorganic particulate soils, with little tendency to cause filming or streaking on washed surfaces.
• the abrasives used herein are soft, preferably having a Mohs hardness of 3 or less.
• Terpenes - Terpenes as a solvent class, have limited water- solubility. They can be incorporated into liquid cleaning compositions in homogeneous form, even under "cold" processing conditions, with the ability to provide excellent cleaning characteristics across the range of water hardness on grease/oily soils and inorganic particulate soils, as well as on shoe polish, marker ink, bath tub soil, etc., and excellent shine performance with low soil redeposition and little or no propensity to cause filming, streaking or spotting on surfaces washed therewith. Moreover, the terpenes herein specified, and in particular those of the hydrocarbon class, are valuable in regulating the sudsing behavior of the instant compositions in both hard and soft water and under both diluted and neat or concentrated usage.
• Preferred terpenes for odor impact are mono-and bicyclic monoterpenes, especially those of the hydrocarbon class, which include the terpinenes, terpinolenes, limonenes and pinenes, and mixtures thereof. Highly preferred materials of this type are d-limonene, dipentene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and the mixture of terpene hydrocarbons obtained from the essence of citrus (e.g., cold-pressed orange terpenes and orange terpene oil phase ex fruit juice). These terpenes are used at concentrations of at least 0.1%, preferably 0.5%-5%, most preferably 1-3%, in the compositions for fragrance and cleaning effects. The weight ratio of surfactant:terpene preferably is between 20:1 and 3:2, more preferably 4:1 to 1.5:1.
• VE viscosity enhancers
• Some preferred VE compounds are selected from citroneliol, geraniol, linalool, nerol, rhodinal, alpha-terpineol, beta-citronellol, rhodinol, citronella nitrile, carvone, fenchone, menthol, isoborneol and mixtures thereof. These preferred VE compounds are commercially available. These VE compounds are used in the compositions of this Invention at concentrations of from about 0.03% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.25%.
• Polar Solvent - The polar solvent of this invention has a water solubility at 25°C In the range of from about 0.2% to about 10% and is used at a level of from about 0.5% to about 3%.
• Benzyl alcohol (C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH) the preferred polar solvent, Is used in the compositions at concentrations of at least 0.1%, preferably 0.5-3%, most preferably 1-2%. This polar solvent increases the cleaning power of the compositions.
• the weight ratio of terpenes to benzyl alcohol is preferably in the range from 5:1 to 1:5, most preferably 2:1 to 1:2.
• Abrasive - The abrasive is used at a level of 1-50% (preferably 5-40%; most preferably 10-35%).
• the abrasives employed herein are selected from water-insoluble, mild abrasive materials. It is highly preferred that the abrasives used herein not be undesirably "scratchy.” Abrasive materials having a Mohs hardness in the range of about 7, or below, are typically used; abrasives having a Mohs hardness of 3, or below, can be used to avoid scratches on aluminum or stainless steel finishes.
• Suitable abrasives herein include inorganic materials, especially such preferred materials as calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, as well as materials such as Fuller's earth, magnesium carbonate, China clay, attapulgite, calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium orthophosphate, dolomite and the like.
• Organic abrasives such as urea-formaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate and melamine-formaldehyde resins can also be used, preferably at a level of 5-15%. The organic abrasives are more compatible with detergency builders and sequestrants.
• the abrasives herein have a particle size range in the 100-600 U.S. Sieve Series Mesh, preferably 200-400 U.S. Sieve Series Mesh, size.
• Diatomaceous earth and calcium carbonate are commercially available in the 5-150 micron particle size range, and, as will be seen hereinafter, give excellent cleaning performance.
• the preferred abrasive is commercially available as Georgia Marble RO-4 Ground Calcium Carbonate.
• the selected water-soluble detersive surfactant useful herein is a mixture of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) and paraffin sulfonates (NaPS).
• LAS linear alkyl benzene sulfonates
• NaPS paraffin sulfonates
• such detersive surfactants contain an alkyl group in the C 10 -C 18 range; the selected surfactants are most commonly used in the form of their sodium, potassium or triethanolammonium salts.
• the C 11 -C 16 alkyl benzene sulfonates and the C 12 -C 18 paraffin sulfonates are selected for the compositions of the present invention.
• the abbreviations "LAS" and "NaPS” include these broader surfactant definitions, unless otherwise specified.
• compositions herein generally will contain about 1% to about 10%, preferably 2% to about 8%, more preferably 2.5-5%, of the surfactant mixture.
• the mixture has a ratio of NaPS to LAS of from 20:1 to 2:1, preferably 10:1 to 2:1, and more preferably from 7:1 to 4:1.
• the selected thickeners of this invention are the high molecular weight polyacrylates which have molecular weights of about 0.5-1.5 million with preferably some crosslinking of about 1-4%.
• suitable thickeners are (1) Sokalan PHC-25 ex BASF; (2) Acrysol ICS-1 ex Rohm and Haas (works best at high pH 11.9); and (3) Carbopol 941 ex B.F. Goodrich. Carbopol 941 works well but leaves a film when rinsed after product use.
• the thickeners of this invention are employed at 0.4-1%, preferably 0.45-0.75% by weight of the composition.
• compositions herein must be thickened for dispersion and phase stability at the 1800-4000 cps viscosity range.
• the compositions of this invention preferably have a viscosity in the 2000-3500 cps range, as measured with a standard Brookfield Viscometer. Thickened compositions tend to cling to vertical surfaces such as walls and windows, which makes them more convenient to use.
• compositions herein are formulated in the alkaline pH range, generally in the 'range of pH 8-12, preferably about 10-11.5 to avoid hydrolysis of some perfume components.
• Caustics such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate can be used to adjust and buffer the pH, as desired.
• An alkaline pH is also essential in obtaining the specified viscosity.
• compositions herein can contain other ingredients which aid in their cleaning performance.
• Conventional additives such as detergency builders, water softeners, carrier liquids (especially water), perfumes, and the like can be used.
• the compositions with organic abrasives contain a detergent builder and/or metal ion sequestrant.
• Compounds classifiable and well known in the art as detergent builders include the nitrilotriacetates, polycarboxylates, citrates, water-soluble phosphates such as tripolyphosphate and sodium ortho- and pyrophosphates, silicates, and mixtures thereof.
• Metal ion sequestrants include all of the above, plus materials like ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the amino-poly- phosphonates and phosphates (DEQUEST) and a wide variety of other poly-functional organic acids and salts too numerous to mention'in detail herein. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,579,454 for typical examples of the use of such materials in various cleaning compositions.
• the builderlsequestrant will comprise about 1% to about 25% of the composition. Colorants and perfumes can be used with all abrasives.
• compositions herein can contain, in addition to Ingredients already mentioned, various optional Ingredients typically used in commercial products to provide aesthetic or additional product performance benefits.
• Typical ingredients include perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, soil suspending agents, detersive enzymes, gel-control agents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, bactericides, preservatives, and the like.
• Nonionic surfactants at a level of 0.2-0.5% are excellent freeze-thaw stabilizers.
• compositions herein typically contain up t6 about 90% water as a carrier.
• Water-alcohol e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, etc.
• mixtures can also be used.
• compositions herein are in liquid form, they can be prepared by simply blending the essential and optional ingredients in the aqueous carrier.
• Examples 2 and 3 were made in 2000 gram batches using a Lightening mixer. The ingredients were added in the order in which they appear. A viscosity reading was recorded 5 minutes after each ingredient was added.
• the base Formula I has a viscosity of 1900 cps.
• the selected compounds of Examples 4-14 were added separately to the base Formula I and the viscosity measured.
• the compounds of Examples 4-7 show profound impact on viscosity enhancement.
• the compounds of Examples 8 and 9 show marginal improvement.
• the compounds of Examples 10-14 show little or reduced viscosity impact.
• VE compounds of the empirical formulas e.g., menthol, isoborneol, carvone and fenchone, were found to produce a profound inpact on viscosity of Base Formula 1.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (25)

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Citations (1)

• 1986
  • 1986-09-02 EP EP86201509A patent/EP0216416A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-09-18 GR GR862393A patent/GR862393B/el unknown
  • 1986-09-18 MA MA21001A patent/MA20773A1/fr unknown
  • 1986-09-22 GB GB8622761A patent/GB2180847B/en not_active Expired
  • 1986-09-23 CA CA000518795A patent/CA1272658A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-09-23 AU AU63053/86A patent/AU604648B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-09-24 DK DK456486A patent/DK456486A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-09-24 FI FI863854A patent/FI863854A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1992
  • 1992-04-29 SG SG47992A patent/SG47992G/en unknown
  • 1992-07-02 HK HK48092A patent/HK48092A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (1)

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