EP0215971A1 - Antenne speisendes Netzwerk - Google Patents

Antenne speisendes Netzwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0215971A1
EP0215971A1 EP85112056A EP85112056A EP0215971A1 EP 0215971 A1 EP0215971 A1 EP 0215971A1 EP 85112056 A EP85112056 A EP 85112056A EP 85112056 A EP85112056 A EP 85112056A EP 0215971 A1 EP0215971 A1 EP 0215971A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission lines
coupled
antenna
transmission line
port
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85112056A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Paul Flam
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Allied Corp
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Allied Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allied Corp filed Critical Allied Corp
Priority to EP85112056A priority Critical patent/EP0215971A1/de
Publication of EP0215971A1 publication Critical patent/EP0215971A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna feed networks and more particularly to a microwave network for coupling a plurality of microwave signals to respective subarrays of antenna ele­ments of an antenna.
  • Phased array antenna typically have a plurality of radiating elements along a path. Each radiating element is fed with a microwave signal having a particular phase.
  • a phase shifter is provided between a microwave signal and each element so that the phase of the microwave signal at each element may be controlled.
  • subarrays are fed with a microwave signal through a single phase shifter.
  • the sub­array which may comprise several antenna elements, such as two or greater, are fed with an antenna freed network where the microwave signal, after leaving the phase shifter, is divided and the signal power is prorated in a predetermined manner along the subarray elements.
  • the amount of power distributed to each element is also known as the illumina­tion function and by providing a predetermined illumination function such as a sin x/x pattern, a beam of a pre­determined width may be generated in the far field.
  • the power distributed to the radiating elements of the subarray may also be adjusted to provide a Taylor, uniform, Cheby­cheff, or binomial function which is well known in the art.
  • the subarrays of a phased array antenna may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance or may be overlapped with other subarrays. With overlapped subarrays, common elements are used for each subarray and the antenna feed network must combine the microwave signals for each subarray together before feeding the common antenna element.
  • grating lobes may be sup­pressed while the antenna is scanned over a predetermined angular range.
  • Fig. 7 shows a modular coupling network 94d with input port 31d which, when combined with a number of similar modules, provides a coupling network to several overlapped subarrays.
  • branch line directional couplers shown in more detail in Fig. 5, are used to divide the power further from power divider 36d.
  • Zero db couplers are shown such as 82 a through 82 e for providing crossover networks in a single wiring plane. A more detailed description of the zero db couplers is found in column 5 and Fig. 6.
  • the microwave signal from input port 31d is divided by power divider 36d and fed over two trans­mission lines to antenna element terminals 110d and 112d. Signals for other elements of the subarray are coupled from the two transmission lines feeding elements 110d and 112d.
  • each coupler 60a-60h has one port terminated by a resistive load shown by the black circle.
  • couplers 60a-60d very little power is dissipated in the resistive load since it is the isolated port.
  • couplers 60e-60h considerable microwave signal power is dissipated by the resistive load since the resistive load is attached to one of the output ports.
  • each microwave signal coupled to an antenna element through a coupler results in microwave signal power being dissipated in the resistive load.
  • phase shifter 13a pro­vides a microwave signal to power divider 48 which divides the signal and provides it on transmission lines 50 and 52 to antenna elements 12a through 12d.
  • couplers 58 and 60 couple microwave energy from transmission lines 50 and 52, respectively, onto transmission lines 56 and 54, respectively.
  • Transmission lines 56 and 54 have attenuators 66 and 64 in the line to couple a predetermined amount of microwave energy to other antenna elements by way of couplers 58 and 60, respectively.
  • couplers 58 and 60 couple microwave energy from transmission lines 50 and 52, respectively, onto transmission lines 56 and 54, respectively.
  • Transmission lines 56 and 54 have attenuators 66 and 64 in the line to couple a predetermined amount of microwave energy to other antenna elements by way of couplers 58 and 60, respectively.
  • each phase shifter 13a through 13f provides a microwave signal to a respective module which in turn directly drives its an­tenna elements and at the same time couples power off to other antenna elements in other modules so as to provide overlapping subarrays with each subarray having a predeter­mined illumination function.
  • Frazita et al. also shows in Fig. 2 and discusses in column 4, at lines 17-36, the spac­ing of the subarrays so that the grating lobe does not enter the subarray pattern when the array is scanned.
  • Fig. 5 of Nemit shows a three element subarray being fed by a microwave signal from phase shifter 29.
  • the subarray and an adjacent subarray are overlapped by one antenna element.
  • element 20 is fed with microwave signals from phase shifters 28 and 29 and combined together by coupler 25.
  • each antenna element may receive a plurality of microwave signals using four port branch line couplers and wherein one resistor or less per antenna ele­ment absorbs microwave energy and wherein a second resistor per antenna element terminates the end of a transmission line opposite the end coupled to the antenna element wherein the antenna feed network is operable over a broad band and has low power loss.
  • An antenna feed network for coupling a plurality of microwave signals to respective subarrays of antenna ele­ments comprising a plurality of first trans­mission lines spaced apart and adjacent one another, a first end of each of the first transmission lines adapted for coupling to a respective antenna element, a second end of each of the first transmission lines coupled to an impedance for terminating the first transmission line, a plurality of couplers each having first through fourth ports and inter­connected into each of the first transmission lines at pre­determined locations, and a plurality of second transmission lines, each interconnecting a coupler on a plurality of se­lected first transmission lines, each second transmission line having a node interior of first and second ends adapted for coupling to a respective microwave signal, the first and second ends coupled to a respective impedance for terminat­ting the second transmission line.
  • antenna feed network 10 is shown for coupling plurality microwave signals 0 ⁇ 1-0 ⁇ 4 to respective subarrays of antenna elements 11 through 24.
  • Antenna elements 11-24 form a phased array antenna 25 having an aperture determined by the spacing and number of antenna elements. For example, additional antenna elements may be spaced on either side of antenna elements 11 and 24 to provide a wider aperture than what is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Antenna elements 11-24 may be spaced apart unevenly and follow a predetermined path which may be, for example, a straight line or they may be spaced apart evenly along a predetermined path.
  • Microwave energy is coupled to antenna elements 11-24 which may from element to element be a signal of predetermined power and phase or a combination of signals each having a predetermined power and phase.
  • Oscillator 26 functions to provide a microwave signal at a predetermined frequency which is coupled over line 27 to phase shifters 28-31.
  • Phase shifters 28-31 function in re­sponse to control signals on lines 32-35, respectively, to provide a predetermined phase shift.
  • Phase shifters 28-31 provide an output signal on lines 36-39, respectively, of microwave signals 0 ⁇ 1-0 ⁇ 4, respectively, to antenna feed network 10.
  • a plurality of transmission lines 42 through 51 are spaced apart and adjacent one another and may be, for ex­ample, parallel to one another having a first end coupled to antenna elements 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24, respectively.
  • Transmission lines 42-51 have a second end coupled to impedances 52-61 respectively, which may be, for example, a resistor having a value equal to the impedance of the respective transmission line for terminating the trans­mission line.
  • Transmission lines 42-51 may be, for example, 50 ohms or less and may be a conductor having a predeter­mined width on a printed circuit board with a ground plane on the other side.
  • Transmission lines 64-67 have one end coupled to antenna elements 13, 16, 19 and 22, respectively, and the other end coupled to node 68-71, respectively, which receives a microwave signal over lines 36-39, respectively.
  • Transmission line 64 for example, is spaced apart and ad­jacent transmission lines 43 and 44.
  • Transmission line 65 is spaced apart and adjacent transmission lines 45 and 46.
  • Transmission line 66 is spaced apart and adjacent trans­mission lines 47 and 48.
  • Transmission line 67 is spaced apart and adjacent transmission lines 49 and 50.
  • Transmission line 42 has four couplers interconnected at predetermined locations along the line. Couplers 74-77 func­tion to couple microwave energy from a transmission line tra­versing transmission line 42 onto transmission line 42 in the direction toward antenna element 11. Each coupler 74-77 has four ports as shown in Figs. 2C and 2E. Couplers 74-77 may, for example, be a branch line coupler having the character­istics shown in Fig. 2A, wherein an input signal on line 78 shown by arrow 79 to coupler 80 provides an output signal on line 81 having an amplitude K and an output signal on line 82 having an amplitude with a 90° phase shift with respect to the output signal on line 81.
  • FIG. 2B shows a plan view of one embodiment of Fig. 2A.
  • a four port branch line coupler 80 is shown having conductors of predetermined width and length on a printed circuit board 84 having a ground plane 85 on the lower surface.
  • a dielectric material 86 separates ground plane 85 from metallization 87 on the upper surface.
  • coupler shown in Fig. 2A may also be represented by the symbols or sche­matics shown in Fig. 2C and 2E.
  • couplers 74 and 76 shown in Fig. 1 correspond to the symbol for a coupler shown in Fig. 2C.
  • Couplers 75 and 77 shown in Fig. 1 corres­pond to the symbol for a coupler shown in Fig. 2E.
  • the four ports of coupler 74 are shown in Fig. 1 as 78' and 81'-83'.
  • the four ports of coupler 75 are shown in Fig. 1 as 78" and 81"-83".
  • Transmission line 43 as well as transmission lines 44-51, each have four couplers interconnected into its trans­mission line at predetermined locations.
  • Each coupler has four ports and have functions corresponding to Figs. 2C and 2E.
  • Couplers 74-77 and 90-125 provide a means for coupling microwave signals to each antenna element via the respective transmission line the coupler is located in.
  • Figs. 2C and 2E port 83 shown in Fig. 1 as 83' and 83" of each coupler is always connected towards the termination resistor or away from the antenna element.
  • Port 82 of each coupler is always interconnected into the trans­mission line on the side towards the antenna element.
  • a plurality of transmission lines 128-133 are positioned transverse to transmission lines 42-51 and are intercon­nected to couplers on selected transmission lines 42-51.
  • Each transmission line 128-133 has a first end adapted for coupling to a respective microwave signal such as signals 0 ⁇ 1-0 ⁇ 6 and a second end coupled to an impedance 139 and 134-138, respectively, for terminating the transmission line.
  • Impedances 134-139 may, for example, be a resistor having an ohmic value equal to the impedance of its respec­tive transmission line.
  • Transmission line 128 is termi­nated by impedance 139 or if transmission line 128 con­tinues to other couplers (not shown) the impedance would be moved to the end of the line.
  • Each coupler interconnected to one of transmission lines 128-133 has its port 78 as shown in Fig. 2E or 78" as shown in Fig. 1, port 78 is coupled to the transmission line to­wards the first end where the microwave signal is connected.
  • Port 81 as shown in Fig. 2E or 81" as shown in Fig. 1 is coupled to the transmission line on the side towards the second end or towards the termination impedance. In this manner, all microwave signals traveling down transmission lines 128-133 will either pass through coupler 80 and out port 82 towards an antenna element or out port 81 and con­tinue along the transmission line. Substantially no micro­wave signal energy is coupled out port 83.
  • transmission line 142 has one end coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 8.
  • Transmission line 142 is intercon­nected to couplers 76 and 93 and terminated at its other end by impedance 148.
  • Transmission line 143 has one end coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 7 and passes through couplers 74, 91, 96 and 101. The second end of transmission line 143 is coupled to impedance 149.
  • Transmission line 144 has one end coupled to node 68 which receives microwave signal 0 ⁇ 1.
  • Transmission line 144 is interconnected to couplers 94, 99, 104 and 109 with its second end coupled to impedance 150.
  • Transmission line 145 has one end coupled to node 69 which is coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2.
  • Transmission line 145 is interconnected to couplers 102, 107, 112 and 117. The other end of transmission line 145 is coupled to impedance 151.
  • Transmission line 146 has one end coupled to node 70 which is coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3.
  • Transmission line 146 is coupled through couplers 110, 115, 120 and 125.
  • the other end of transmission line 146 is coupled to imped­ance 152.
  • Transmission line 147 has one end coupled to node 71 which is coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 4.
  • Transmission line 147 is interconnected to couplers 118 and 123.
  • the other end of transmission line 147 is coupled to impedance 153 as shown in Fig. 1 or transmission line 147 may extend through additional couplers, not shown, with impedance 153 moved to the end of the line.
  • microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 is coupled by way of node 69 which divides the microwave signal along transmission lines 129 and 145 to antenna elements 11-15 and 17-21, respectively.
  • Transmission lines 129 and 145 may also be one single transmission line 154 with an electrical tap or node 69 interior of the ends of transmission line 154 adapted for coupling to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2.
  • Transmission line 65 coupled to node 69 is coupled directly to antenna element 16.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 is therefore coupled to antenna elements 11-21 to provide an 11 element subarray.
  • antenna elements 13 and 19 are not coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 since the selected illumi­nation function calls for the antenna element at this loca­tion to be driven with zero power.
  • Antenna elements 13 and 19 are considered to be, however, part of the 11 element subarray since the illumination function of the 11 elements provides a predetermined pattern in the far field of antenna 25.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3 is coupled by way of transmission line 130 to antenna elements 14-18 and by transmission line 146 to antenna elements 20-24.
  • Transmission lines 130 and 146 may also be one single transmission line 155 with an electrical tap or node 70 interior of the ends of trans­mission line 155 for coupling to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3.
  • Transmission line 66 is coupled to microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3 at node 70 and directly to antenna element 19.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3 therefore is coupled to antenna elements 14-24 to provide an 11 element subarray. Again it is understood that antenna elements 16 and 22 receive no power from microwave signals 0 ⁇ 3 due to the selected illumination function but is still considered part of the 11 element subarray. As may be seen in Fig.
  • the subarray associated with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 and the subarray associated with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3 have an 8 antenna element overlap, that is to say over a width of 8 antenna elements some individual elements receive both microwave signals 0 ⁇ 2 and 0 ⁇ 3.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 1 is shown coupled to a subarray of 8 antenna elements, elements 11-18. Typically, micro­wave signal 0 ⁇ 1 would be coupled to 11 antenna elements by extending the left-hand portion of the drawing to provide a complete subarray similar to the subarray associated with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 1 shows an 8 element overlap with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2.
  • microwave signal 0 ⁇ 4 is shown coupled to 8 antenna ele­ments, elements 17-24 to provide an 8 element subarray having all 8 elements overlapped with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3.
  • the subarray associated with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 4 may be extended on the right-hand portion of the drawing to provide a complete subarray of 11 elements similar to the subarray associated with microwave signal 0 ⁇ 3.
  • coupler 74 shows the interconnections of lines 78', and 81'-83'. Since no input signal on line 78' is coupled out on line 83' towards impedance 52, the microwave signal 0 ⁇ 7 is coupled towards antenna elements 11, 12, 14 and 15 by way of couplers 74, 91, 96 and 101. Substan­tially no microwave signal is coupled from couplers 74, 91, 96 and 101 towards impedances 52-55. Thus as may be seen in Fig. 1, from the arrangement of all of the couplers, the microwave signals or energy is always coupled forward to­wards antenna elements 11-24.
  • couplers are spaced a predeter­mined distance apart, such as by one-half wavelength along the distributing transmission line such as transmission line 129 or 145. Phase reversal at an antenna element may be provided by appropriate spacing.
  • Microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 coupled through coupler 102 for example, from transmission line 145 to transmission line 46 will travel down transmission line 46 towards coupler 103. At coupler 103, some of the signal will continue along microwave transmission line 46 and some will be diverted along transmission line 130 towards coupler 100. Some of this microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2 traveling along transmission line 130 will be coupled at coupler 100 to antenna element 15 and some will continue to coupler 97, where it will be coupled either to antenna element 14 or to impedance 135. There­fore, in determining the parameter K for each coupler to provide a predetermined subarray illumination function, in the antenna feed network additional microwave energy from indirect or sneak paths must be factored in. As may be seen in Fig.
  • Antenna feed network 10 may be subdivided into a plural­ity of identical modules 158 through 161 each having a micro­wave signal input and 3 outputs coupled to respective an­tenna elements.
  • a module such as module 158
  • a plurality of subarrays of antenna elements may be interconnected to a respective microwave signals by using a number of modules. In this manner, any antenna aper­ture size may be accommodated or provided wherein each sub­array has 11 antenna elements
  • Each subarray has an 8 ele­ment overlap with the adjacent subarray and a 5 element over­lap with the next adjacent subarray and a 2 element overlap with the third adjacent subarray on each side.
  • Modules 162 and 163 are end modules of the antenna feed network 10 which merely terminate the transmission lines not having additional antenna elements to feed.
  • Microwave sig­nals 0 ⁇ 8 and 0 ⁇ 7 may be removed, for example, and couplers 74, 76, 91, 93, 96 and 101 associated therewith may be re­moved. However, if removal will interface with the calcula­tion of the additional microwave signal paths then these couplers and transmission lines may remain with an appro­priate microwave signal 0 ⁇ 8 or 0 ⁇ 7 coupled thereto or with the input left open or terminated in the characteristic im­pedance of the transmission line.
  • Fig. 3 is an alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • antenna feed network 10' includes modules 158'-161'.
  • Microwave signals 0 ⁇ 1-0 ⁇ 8 are coupled by way of antenna feed network 10' to a respec­tive subarray of an even number of elements, such as 8 elements for microwave signal 0 ⁇ 2, with a 6 element overlap with the adjacent subarray.
  • Nodes 68'-71' divide the micro­wave signal received on lines 36-39, respectively, onto two transmission lines for distribution such as transmission lines 128 and 144 for microwave signal 0 ⁇ 1.
  • Antenna ele­ments 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24 are shown in Fig. 3 as unevenly spaced apart. In the normal practice of the invention, the above antenna elements would be evenly spaced apart.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • like references are used for functions correspond­ing to the appratus of Figs. 1, 2A, 2B, 2D and 2F.
  • antenna feed network 10" provides a distribution network for forming a plurality of 17 element subarrays with a 14 element overlap with the adjacent subarray.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of a printed circuit board layout of module 159 shown in Fig. 1.
  • like references are used for functions corresponding to the apparatus of Figs. 1, 2A, 2B, 2C and 2E.
  • Fig. 5 shows module 159 utiliz­ing branch line hybrid couplers 98-105.
  • the metallization lines have a predetermined width on a printed circuit board 84 having a dielectric material 86 of a predetermined thick­ness with a ground plane 85 on the lower surface to provide a transmission line characteristic.
  • the crossover of trans­mission lines 143 and 130 is provided by coupler 170.
  • the crossover of transmission lines 129 and 144 is provided by coupler 171.
  • the crossover of transmission lines 131 and 144 is provided by coupler 172.
  • the crossover of trans­mission lines 165 and 144 is provided by coupler 173.
  • the crossover of transmission lines 165 and 130 is provided by coupler 174.
  • node 69 includes a coupler 175 hav­ing the isolated port terminated by impedance 176.
  • An out­put of coupler 175 is coupled over line 177 to divider 178 which functions to divide the microwave signal received on line 177 into equal parts on to transmission lines 129 and 145.
  • Divider 178 has a resistive impedance 179 across lines 129 and 145.
  • the antenna feed networks as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4 are suitable for collecting the microwave signals received by the antenna elements and coupling them to the phase shifters. If the phase shifters have the same delay in both directions, such as diode phase shifters, a receiver may be positioned after the phase shifter, such as on line 27 in Fig. 1, with the oscillator 26 disconnected.
  • the antenna feed networks are reciprocal and may either transmit or re­ceive microwave signals via antenna elements in the array antenna.
  • An antenna feed network for coupling a plurality of microwave signals to be transmitted to respective subarrays of antenna elements and for collecting microwave signals received by respective subarrays of antenna elements has been described incorporating a plurality of first trans­mission lines spaced apart and adjacent to one another, having one end of each transmission line adapted for coup­ling to a respective antenna element and a second end of each first transmission line coupled to an impedance for terminating the first transmission line, a plurality of couplers each having four ports interconnected into each transmission line at predetermined locations, and a plural­ity of second transmission lines, each interconnecting a coupler on a plurality of selected first transmission lines, each second transmission line having a node interior of first and second ends adapted for coupling to a respective micro­wave signal and said first and second ends coupled to a re­spective impedance for terminating the second transmission line.

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EP85112056A 1985-09-24 1985-09-24 Antenne speisendes Netzwerk Withdrawn EP0215971A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP85112056A EP0215971A1 (de) 1985-09-24 1985-09-24 Antenne speisendes Netzwerk

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EP85112056A EP0215971A1 (de) 1985-09-24 1985-09-24 Antenne speisendes Netzwerk

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0325012A1 (de) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-26 Hazeltine Corporation Phasengesteuerte Antenne mit Kopplern, die zu einem örtlich koppelndem Filter angordnet sind
WO1991009433A1 (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-27 Allied-Signal Inc. Broadband circular phased array antenna
GB2317056A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-11 Marconi Gec Ltd Signal processor system for a phased array antenna
WO2003107474A2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-24 Cisco Technology, Inc. Shared element array antenna
WO2006120397A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Qinetiq Limited Electrically steerable phased array antenna system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803625A (en) * 1972-12-18 1974-04-09 Itt Network approach for reducing the number of phase shifters in a limited scan phased array
US4041501A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Hazeltine Corporation Limited scan array antenna systems with sharp cutoff of element pattern
US4143379A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-03-06 Hazeltine Corporation Antenna system having modular coupling network
US4321605A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-03-23 Hazeltine Corporation Array antenna system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803625A (en) * 1972-12-18 1974-04-09 Itt Network approach for reducing the number of phase shifters in a limited scan phased array
US4041501A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Hazeltine Corporation Limited scan array antenna systems with sharp cutoff of element pattern
US4143379A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-03-06 Hazeltine Corporation Antenna system having modular coupling network
US4321605A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-03-23 Hazeltine Corporation Array antenna system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0325012A1 (de) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-26 Hazeltine Corporation Phasengesteuerte Antenne mit Kopplern, die zu einem örtlich koppelndem Filter angordnet sind
WO1991009433A1 (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-27 Allied-Signal Inc. Broadband circular phased array antenna
GB2317056A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-11 Marconi Gec Ltd Signal processor system for a phased array antenna
WO2003107474A2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-24 Cisco Technology, Inc. Shared element array antenna
WO2003107474A3 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-04-15 Cisco Tech Ind NETWORK ANTENNA WITH SHARED ELEMENTS
WO2006120397A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Qinetiq Limited Electrically steerable phased array antenna system
US7609205B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2009-10-27 Qinetiq Limited Electrically steerable phased array antenna system

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