EP0215834A1 - Incontinence appliance for men - Google Patents

Incontinence appliance for men

Info

Publication number
EP0215834A1
EP0215834A1 EP19860901471 EP86901471A EP0215834A1 EP 0215834 A1 EP0215834 A1 EP 0215834A1 EP 19860901471 EP19860901471 EP 19860901471 EP 86901471 A EP86901471 A EP 86901471A EP 0215834 A1 EP0215834 A1 EP 0215834A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
pouch
appliance
absorbent material
incontinence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19860901471
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alan Michael Cottenden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Social Services
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Social Services
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Social Services filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Social Services
Publication of EP0215834A1 publication Critical patent/EP0215834A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
    • A61F13/471—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins specially adapted for male use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/44—Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; Portable urination aids; Colostomy devices
    • A61F5/4401—Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; Portable urination aids; Colostomy devices with absorbent pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
    • A61F2013/53966—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers by needling, sewing, blow-needling

Definitions

  • This application relates to incontinence appliances for men and is intended to provide an appliance which is washable and therefore reusable.
  • Such an appliance would be particularly useful for men who suffer from "post-micturition dribble", ie who leak small quantities of urine after voiding.
  • dribble pouches Although not expensive individually, a man might need 2 or 3 every day and the total cost would be considerable for someone living on a low income.
  • Another appliance presently available consists of an impermeable pouch having a sewn-in absorbent lining. This is washable and hence reusable, but suffers from the disadvantage that the lining is at all times held in loose contact with the interior surface of the pouch. It is therefore not possible to gain access to both faces of either the lining or the pouch for washing, and the time needed for drying is inordinately long for the amouunt of moisture to be removed.
  • the present invention meets the same requirements as the dribble pouches referred to above, in that it is capable of holding 50ml or so of urine. It is designed however to provide ready access to all the material surfaces, giving a more hygenic product which can be dried more quickly than other devices.
  • This invention therefore consists of an incontinence appliance for men comprising a pouch made of a water-impermeable material lined with a layer of absorbent material, the said layer of absorbent material being in the form of a segment of such a size and shape as to cover substantially the entire inner surface of the pouch when folded into place, and whose sole means of attachment to the said water-impermeable material of the pouch is around the periphery of it s aperture.
  • the lining may be pulled out from within the pouch to be washed and dried before being re-inserted into the pouch for further use.
  • the dribble pouch is adapted to fit loosely round the penis and held in position by stretch pants, for example.
  • the dribble pouch is adapted to loosely enclose the penis and the scrotum, and the aperture of the pouch adapted to loosely fit around the contraction of the scrotum adjacent the wearer's body
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an appliance constructed in accordance with the invention and ready for use
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same appliance whose lining has been pulled out for washing and drying
  • Figure 3 is a section view taken at X-X on Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a further design in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 5 is a section view taken at Y-Y on Figure 4.
  • the appliance consists of a shaped pouch made from a sheet of plastic, polyurethane-backed nylon fabric welded along the line marked 2 to form the appropriate shape.
  • a lining for the pouch is formed from a sheet 3 of absorbent nylonfaced rayon, better seen when opened out (see Figure 2 ) .
  • the lining and pouch are stitched together around the opening of the pouch: the lining is placed in position inside the pouch, the free edge of the pouch material is turned inwards over the edge of the lining and the stitching 4 is passed through a layer of lining sandwiched between layers of waterproof material. In this way, external loose edges of material are avoided and wearer discomfort and any tendency to fray are reduced.
  • the lining material has no further means of attachment to the pouch; provided the lining is of the correct shape, opposite sides 5 and 6 of the opened-out sheet of lining material will lie in close abutment when in place inside the pouch.
  • the comfort and absorptive capability are not affected by any small gaps between the abutting sides and washing and drying of the appliance are much easier since, as str ⁇ wn in Figure 2, all of the pouch and lining material is readily accessible when the lining is pulled out from within the pouch through the aperture.
  • the appliance and materials used are similar to those used in the embodiment of Figure 1 except that the pouch 7 and the lining material 8 are shaped such that they can accomodate both the penis and scrotum.
  • a stretchable material such as, for example, a form of an elastic band, introduced around the periphery of the pouch aperture, better seen on Figure 5, the use of which will become more apparent later in the description.
  • Stitching 10 of the pouch 7, the lining 8 and the stretchable material 9 can be better seen in Figure 5.
  • the lining 8 is placed in position inside the pouch 7, the stretchable material 9 is then held adjacent the edge of the lining 8, and the free end of the pouch material is turned inwardly over the edge of the lining and the elastic member 9, but extended beyond the stretchable material 9.
  • the stitching 10 is then passed through a layer of lining sandwiched between the pouch material such that the stretchable material 9 and the edge of the lining are enclosed by the layers of pouch material and the stitching.
  • the stretchable material 9 allows the wearer to increase the diameter of the pouch aperture, so that he can position it comfortably over the penis and the scrotum. The stretchable material 9 then loosely retains the pouch in position around the contraction of the scrotum adjacent the wearer's body.
  • the length of stretchable material 9 used around the aperture should be such that the wear feels comfortable during use.
  • many alternative methods could be adapted instead of using elastic material, for retaining or increasing the diameter of the pouch aperture.
  • a cord with free end extending from aperture may also be used in well known manner.
  • an additional form of lining material in the pouch could result in even further comfort for the wearer.
  • a layer of permeable hydrophobic material such as, for example, polyester/viscous layer on the existing lining for the pouch and forming a first layer closest to the wearer's body, would allow the urine to pass quickly through and away from the wearer into the lower lining of the pouch. This layer could either be stitched or quilted to the lining for the pouch before it is cut to shape.

Abstract

Un dispositif de rétention d'urine pour hommes comprend un sac (1) en matériau imperméable à l'eau doublé d'une couche en matériau absorbant (3). La forme et la taille du segment qui forme la couche en matériau absorbant (3) sont telles que toute la surface intérieure du sac est recouverte par la couche de matériau absorbant (3). La seule attache de la couche de matériau absorbant (3) est une couture (4) à l'extrémité libre du sac (1), autour de la périphérie de l'ouverture du sac. Cet agencement permet de tirer la couche de matériau absorbant (3) à travers l'ouverture, en la sortant ainsi du sac (1). Le sac s'adapte de façon lâche autour du pénis. Dans un autre mode de réalisation (Figures 4 et 5, non publiées), le sac contient confortablement le pénis et le scrotum, et un matériau élastique autour de la périphérie de l'ouverture du sac aide à le retenir entre le rétrécissement du scrotum et le corps de l'utilisateur.A male urine retention device comprises a bag (1) made of waterproof material lined with a layer of absorbent material (3). The shape and size of the segment which forms the layer of absorbent material (3) is such that the entire inner surface of the bag is covered by the layer of absorbent material (3). The only attachment of the absorbent material layer (3) is a seam (4) at the free end of the bag (1), around the periphery of the opening of the bag. This arrangement allows the layer of absorbent material (3) to be pulled through the opening, thereby leaving it from the bag (1). The bag fits loosely around the penis. In another embodiment (Figures 4 and 5, unpublished), the bag comfortably contains the penis and scrotum, and an elastic material around the periphery of the opening of the bag helps to retain it between the narrowing of the scrotum and the user's body.

Description

INCONTINENCE APPLIANCE FOR MEN
This application relates to incontinence appliances for men and is intended to provide an appliance which is washable and therefore reusable.
Such an appliance would be particularly useful for men who suffer from "post-micturition dribble", ie who leak small quantities of urine after voiding. Many elderly men, particularly those with prostate problems, suffer from this, and although there are several so-called "dribble pouches" on the market, most of them, or the absorbent pads inserted in them, have to be thrown away after use. Although not expensive individually, a man might need 2 or 3 every day and the total cost would be considerable for someone living on a low income.
Another appliance presently available consists of an impermeable pouch having a sewn-in absorbent lining. This is washable and hence reusable, but suffers from the disadvantage that the lining is at all times held in loose contact with the interior surface of the pouch. It is therefore not possible to gain access to both faces of either the lining or the pouch for washing, and the time needed for drying is inordinately long for the amouunt of moisture to be removed.
The present invention meets the same requirements as the dribble pouches referred to above, in that it is capable of holding 50ml or so of urine. It is designed however to provide ready access to all the material surfaces, giving a more hygenic product which can be dried more quickly than other devices.
This invention therefore consists of an incontinence appliance for men comprising a pouch made of a water-impermeable material lined with a layer of absorbent material, the said layer of absorbent material being in the form of a segment of such a size and shape as to cover substantially the entire inner surface of the pouch when folded into place, and whose sole means of attachment to the said water-impermeable material of the pouch is around the periphery of it s aperture. By this construction, the lining may be pulled out from within the pouch to be washed and dried before being re-inserted into the pouch for further use.
In one embodiment, the dribble pouch is adapted to fit loosely round the penis and held in position by stretch pants, for example. In a further embodiment, the dribble pouch is adapted to loosely enclose the penis and the scrotum, and the aperture of the pouch adapted to loosely fit around the contraction of the scrotum adjacent the wearer's body By way of example, one embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, of which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an appliance constructed in accordance with the invention and ready for use, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same appliance whose lining has been pulled out for washing and drying,
Figure 3 is a section view taken at X-X on Figure 1,
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a further design in accordance with the invention, and Figure 5 is a section view taken at Y-Y on Figure 4.
With reference to Figure 1, the appliance consists of a shaped pouch made from a sheet of plastic, polyurethane-backed nylon fabric welded along the line marked 2 to form the appropriate shape.
A lining for the pouch is formed from a sheet 3 of absorbent nylonfaced rayon, better seen when opened out (see Figure 2 ) . The lining and pouch are stitched together around the opening of the pouch: the lining is placed in position inside the pouch, the free edge of the pouch material is turned inwards over the edge of the lining and the stitching 4 is passed through a layer of lining sandwiched between layers of waterproof material. In this way, external loose edges of material are avoided and wearer discomfort and any tendency to fray are reduced.
The lining material has no further means of attachment to the pouch; provided the lining is of the correct shape, opposite sides 5 and 6 of the opened-out sheet of lining material will lie in close abutment when in place inside the pouch. The comfort and absorptive capability are not affected by any small gaps between the abutting sides and washing and drying of the appliance are much easier since, as strøwn in Figure 2, all of the pouch and lining material is readily accessible when the lining is pulled out from within the pouch through the aperture.
An alternative to the above described design is shown in Figure 4, where both the penis and the scrotum of the wearer can be retained comfortably in the pouch 7.
With reference to Figure 4, the appliance and materials used are similar to those used in the embodiment of Figure 1 except that the pouch 7 and the lining material 8 are shaped such that they can accomodate both the penis and scrotum. There is also a stretchable material, such as, for example, a form of an elastic band, introduced around the periphery of the pouch aperture, better seen on Figure 5, the use of which will become more apparent later in the description.
Stitching 10 of the pouch 7, the lining 8 and the stretchable material 9 can be better seen in Figure 5. The lining 8 is placed in position inside the pouch 7, the stretchable material 9 is then held adjacent the edge of the lining 8, and the free end of the pouch material is turned inwardly over the edge of the lining and the elastic member 9, but extended beyond the stretchable material 9. The stitching 10 is then passed through a layer of lining sandwiched between the pouch material such that the stretchable material 9 and the edge of the lining are enclosed by the layers of pouch material and the stitching.
In use, the stretchable material 9 allows the wearer to increase the diameter of the pouch aperture, so that he can position it comfortably over the penis and the scrotum. The stretchable material 9 then loosely retains the pouch in position around the contraction of the scrotum adjacent the wearer's body.
It should be understood that the length of stretchable material 9 used around the aperture should be such that the wear feels comfortable during use. it will also be clear to those skilled in the art that many alternative methods could be adapted instead of using elastic material, for retaining or increasing the diameter of the pouch aperture. For example, a cord with free end extending from aperture, may also be used in well known manner. it is also possible that for appliance according to the invention, an additional form of lining material in the pouch could result in even further comfort for the wearer. A layer of permeable hydrophobic material such as, for example, polyester/viscous layer on the existing lining for the pouch and forming a first layer closest to the wearer's body, would allow the urine to pass quickly through and away from the wearer into the lower lining of the pouch. This layer could either be stitched or quilted to the lining for the pouch before it is cut to shape.
It will also be clear to those skilled in the art that many alternative materials may be used in the construction of the appliance. The nature and thickness of the impervious material of the pouch is necessarily a compromise between durability and suppleness, whilst the material of the lining is chosed to provide an optimum balance between high absorbency or ease of wetting, and ease of drying following laundering. Cotton polyester towelling, for example, may also be used effectively for the lining.

Claims

1. An incontinence appliance for a man comprising a pouch made of a water-impermeable material lined with a lay of absorbent material, the layer of absorbent material being in the form of a segment of such a size and shape as to cover substantially the entire inner surface of the pouch when folded into place, and whose sole means of attachment to the water-impeameable material of the pouch is around the periphery of its aperture.
2. An incontinence appliance as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the layer of absorbent material may be pulled out from within the pouch through the aperture.
3. An incontinence appliance as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the free end of the pouch is turned inwardly over the free end of the layer of absorbent material and stitching is passed through the layer of absorbent material and through the layers of the water impermeable material.
4. An incontinence appliance as claimed in any one of Claims 1-3 wherein the water-impermeable material is a sheet of plastic polyurethane-backed nylon fabric.
5. An incontinence appliance as claimed in any one of Claims 1-4 wherein the layer of absorbent material is a nylon-faced rayon.
6. An incontinence appliance as claimed in any one of Claims 1-4 wherein the layer of absorbent material is a cotton-polyester towelling.
7. An incontinence appliance as claimed to any one of the preceding claims wherein the pouch is adapted to loosely fit around the penis.
8. An incontinence appliance as claimed in any one of Claims 1-6 wherein a stretchable material in a form of a band is placed in parallel with the free end of the layer of absorbent material, so that the aperture of the pouch can be expanded for retention of the penis and the scrotum.
9. An incontence appliance as claimed in Claim 8 where the stretchable material is elastic.
10. An incontinence appliance as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9 wherein the aperture of the pouch is loosely retained in a postion around the contraction of the scrotum adjacent the wearer's body.
11. An incontience appliance as claimed to any one of the preceding claims wherein the layer of absorbent material has an additional layer of sewnin permeable hydrophobic material.
12. An incontinence appliance as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the additional layer is of polyester/viscous material.
13. An incontinence appliance as claimed in Claims 11 or 12 wherein the additional layer is the first layer exposed to the wearer.
14. An incontinence appliance substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 1 to 3 or to Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
EP19860901471 1985-03-15 1986-03-06 Incontinence appliance for men Withdrawn EP0215834A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8506789 1985-03-15
GB858506789A GB8506789D0 (en) 1985-03-15 1985-03-15 Incontinence appliance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0215834A1 true EP0215834A1 (en) 1987-04-01

Family

ID=10576060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860901471 Withdrawn EP0215834A1 (en) 1985-03-15 1986-03-06 Incontinence appliance for men

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0215834A1 (en)
AU (1) AU5541386A (en)
GB (1) GB8506789D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1986005387A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4886509A (en) * 1985-12-20 1989-12-12 Lars Mattsson Device for collecting and absorbing urine
CA2115284A1 (en) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-10 Mark Kevin Melius Formed incontinence article and method of manufacture
US5558659A (en) * 1993-12-09 1996-09-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Incontinence article for males
JP3385147B2 (en) * 1996-01-31 2003-03-10 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 Urine collection bag for men
US6080139A (en) * 1997-04-07 2000-06-27 Gallegos; Vicki Apparatus for protecting care providers from baby urination accidents
US6479726B1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2002-11-12 Walter E. Cole Sanitary device for urinary incontinent males
SE0004454D0 (en) * 2000-12-01 2000-12-01 Lars Mattsson Incontinence - belief protection
CH694519A5 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-03-15 Abdallah Zarah Men's underwear protector comprises pouch for tip of penis having absorbent inner and impermeable outer layers held in place by elasticated band
EP2858617B1 (en) * 2012-06-12 2023-08-16 NEORES d.o.o. Men's briefs with separate space for penis comprising removable incontinence absorbent receptacle

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822807A (en) * 1955-08-01 1958-02-11 Heyman Alvin Undershorts construction for men
GB2091987A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Erskine Pamela Viola Denison Pants
US4453938A (en) * 1981-03-12 1984-06-12 Landstingens Inkopscentral, Lic, Ekonomisk Forening Urine collecting incontinence guard
FR2568469B1 (en) * 1984-08-01 1989-05-19 Biotrol Sa Lab DISPOSABLE DEVICE FOR THE COLLECTION AND ABSORPTION OF URINE FROM MALE INCONTINENTS.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8605387A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8506789D0 (en) 1985-04-17
AU5541386A (en) 1986-10-13
WO1986005387A1 (en) 1986-09-25

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Inventor name: COTTENDEN, ALAN, MICHAEL