EP0215296B1 - Mit Helium gefüllter hydraulischer Speicher - Google Patents

Mit Helium gefüllter hydraulischer Speicher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0215296B1
EP0215296B1 EP19860111176 EP86111176A EP0215296B1 EP 0215296 B1 EP0215296 B1 EP 0215296B1 EP 19860111176 EP19860111176 EP 19860111176 EP 86111176 A EP86111176 A EP 86111176A EP 0215296 B1 EP0215296 B1 EP 0215296B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
accumulator
chamber
hydraulic fluid
pressure
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Expired
Application number
EP19860111176
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0215296A1 (de
Inventor
James Randa
John L. Ucker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing North American Inc
Original Assignee
Rockwell International Corp
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Application filed by Rockwell International Corp filed Critical Rockwell International Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/04—Accumulators
    • F15B1/08—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor
    • F15B1/10—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor with flexible separating means
    • F15B1/103—Accumulators using a gas cushion; Gas charging devices; Indicators or floats therefor with flexible separating means the separating means being bellows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/20—Accumulator cushioning means
    • F15B2201/205—Accumulator cushioning means using gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/30—Accumulator separating means
    • F15B2201/315—Accumulator separating means having flexible separating means
    • F15B2201/3153—Accumulator separating means having flexible separating means the flexible separating means being bellows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/30—Accumulator separating means
    • F15B2201/315—Accumulator separating means having flexible separating means
    • F15B2201/3158—Guides for the flexible separating means, e.g. for a collapsed bladder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/40—Constructional details of accumulators not otherwise provided for
    • F15B2201/41—Liquid ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/40—Constructional details of accumulators not otherwise provided for
    • F15B2201/415—Gas ports
    • F15B2201/4155—Gas ports having valve means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gas precharged accumulators for use in hydraulic pressure fluid systems.
  • hydraulic fluid systems may be used to power various given devices.
  • high pressure hydraulic fluid systems may be used to retract aircraft landing gear or to start auxiliary power units in aircraft.
  • accumulators there are typically three types of accumulators.
  • One type uses a piston and cylinder design
  • another type uses a metal bellows design (GB-A-1 047 983)
  • the other type uses a bladder or flexible diaphragm.
  • the piston design tends to be generally more light weight and has a relatively simple design.
  • the metal bellows design is more complex, it has the advantage of being able to seal the gas within the chamber much better than the piston design.
  • the diaphragm or bladder design provides an excellent seal, it does not have sufficient strength to accomodate the same high differential pressures as the other designs.
  • Earlier models of these designs typically used air as the gas medium under pressure. The air preferably had water and corrosives removed in order to improve performance and increase useful life.
  • both designs typically use pressurized nitrogen gas.
  • Nitrogen has the advantage over air in that nitrogen does not tend to corrode the material forming the chamber of the accumulator and being inert does not react with the accumulator material. It is for this reason that nitrogen has found wide acceptance in high pressure accumulator applications.
  • Nitrogen and ordinary air used as a precharge gas ordinarily give satisfactory performance under moderate pressure and moderate temperature applications; however, under high pressure and very low temperature applications, both nitrogen and air lose a significant amount of energy. This reduces the gas volume and pressure available to exert force. These reductions necessarily reduce the power that can be applied to the hydraulic fluid to actuate the device. Consequently, at low temperature and high pressure applications, the accumulator size must be increased to contain more gas in order to provide the required energy to the system. However, even at at a higher temperature and lower pressure than these, nitrogen and air still lose a significant amount of the energy available to power a device.
  • an accumulator using helium as the precharging gas there is provided an accumulator using helium as the precharging gas.
  • Helium has not heretofore been used because it is very difficult to seal (due to its small molecular size); this is especially true with piston and diaphragm type accumulators.
  • metal bellows accumulators are able to seal the helium gas therein for a satisfactory period and number of operating cycles.
  • helium behaves more like an ideal gas than the other gases used in prior art accumulators.
  • helium gas has more energy available to power the system.
  • helium has a decided advantage over other gases at such low temperatures and high pressures at which the other gases may liquefy, it has also been shown that even at higher temperatures and lower pressures than these the other gases exhibit some liquid-like characteristics (although they have not turned into liquids); but helium does not nave any such liquid-like characteristics at these temperatures and pressures and thus has more energy available to power the hydraulic fluid system. This translates into a lower required volume of gas in the hydraulic fluid system, and therefore a smaller accumulator may be used. Consequently, this reduces the size and weight of the accumulator and makes the entire hydraulic fluid system more practical and advantageous in many aircraft applications for which it would not otherwise ordinarily be feasible. For example, a helium accumulator system may be substituted for gas cartridge systems currently used to eject weapons from aircraft.
  • an accumulator with minimum volume (and resulting weight and size advantages) for a particular application can be used.
  • This is in accord with a devised relationship between certain parameters. These include displacement of hydraulic fluid needed to actuate a given device, the compressibility factor of the accumulator gas used, the minimum and maximum operating temperatures of the accumulator gas and the minimum and maximum operating pressures of the accumulator gas.
  • the accumulator size and weight can be optimized for a given application resulting in significant size and weight savings for the accumulator.
  • the accumulator 10 is adapted for use in hydraulic fluid systems used to power a given device. For example, in aircraft applications, such accumulators lo may be used in hydraulic systems to retract landing gear or eject missiles and other weapons.
  • the accumulator 10 has a housing 12.
  • the housing 12 contains a chamber 14 which, in turn, contains precharged helium gas 16 under pressure.
  • the helium gas 16 may be compressed to pressures in excess of 3,000 psi.
  • the housing 12 also contains an inlet tube 18 to precharge the chamber 14 with the helium gas 16.
  • the tube 18 is sealed after precharging the chamber 14.
  • An inlet valve (not shown) may alternatively be provided in the inlet tube 18. The inlet valve closes off the chamber after a desired quantity of helium gas 16 has bee admitted into the chamber 14.
  • a metal bellows 20 is preferably positioned at one end of the chamber 14.
  • the metal bellows 20 allows expansion of the helium gas 16 in the chamber 14 and also transmits the force exerted by the gas pressure to the hydraulic fluid 22.
  • a guide 24 prevents cocking of bellows 20.
  • the housing 12 Is preferably provided with a hydraulic fluid port 26 which allows hydraulic fluid to be admitted into the housing and allows the fluid to make contact with the metal bellows 20.
  • the port 26 is also preferably in one end of the metal bellows 20 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the metal bellows 20 can thereby displace a desired volume of hydraulic fluid out of the housing 12 and into the hydraulic fluid lines (not shown) of the system in order to activate a device.
  • a pressure gauge 28 may also be provided.
  • Figure 2 shows that accumulator 10 has different performance characteristics under different conditions of temperature. Specifically, at the lowest operating temperature shown, the accumulator 10 has the least amount of power available to displace the required quantity of hydraulic fluid. Thus, it is imperative that at the lowest operating temperature shown, the accumulator 10 has sufficient volume of gas under pressure therein to enable it to displace the required hydraulic fluid volume with sufficient force to power a given device.
  • Figure 2 also shows that because p 7 is greater than p 3 (i.e. the final pressure at the highest temperature is greater than the final pressure at the lowest temperature), at the highest temperatures shown the accumulator 10 has the greatest amount of energy available to power a given device.
  • the volume of the chamber In order to minimize the size of the accumulator 10, the volume of the chamber must be optimized to enable a desired volume of fluid of a required energy content to be displaced at both minimum and maximum temperatures of operation.
  • Comparison of the accumulator size required when using nitrogen gas vs. helium gas as the charge medium shows a substantially smaller accumulator size when using helium gas therein.
  • the savings in size when using helium gas are approximately 35 to 55 percent when the maximum operating pressure is 8000 psi and when the minimum operating pressure is approximately 4,000 to 5,000 psi.
  • Figure 3 compares the accumulator volume for given ranges of minimum operating pressures and minimum and maximum operating temperatures. It is apparent that substantial savings in both size and weight can result from the use of helium accumulators in high pressure and low temperature ranges as are common in modern high performance aircraft applications. It must be noted, however, that at system pressures less than 3,000 psi, there is not a substantial advantage in using helium in place of nitrogen for the purpose of reducing the accumulator size and weight.
  • helium has been used in detecting leaks in certain high pressure systems, it has not previously been used as the operating gas ill such systems due to its very small molecular size and resulting tendency to leak past any conventional type of seal (and so its use as a leak detector). Indeed, the high energy capabilities and advantages of helium in high pressure and wide (and low) temperature range applications was not addressed by the prior art and therefore prior art systems did not investigate production of a system capable of using helium.
  • the present invention extends the applicability of relatively small and lightweight gas precharged accumulators into high pressure systems having system pressures in excess of 3,000 psi (210 bar).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Hydraulikspeicher (10) zur Verwendung in hydraulischen Hochdruckströmungsmittelsystemen mit einem Gehäuse (12), einer im Gehäuse (12) angeordneten Kammer (14), die ein unter Druck stehendes Gas (16) aufweist, und Mittel (20) zum Zulassen der Ausdehnung des Gases in der Kammer (14), um die Kraft des unter Druck stehenden Gases auf das hydraulische Strömungsmittel (22) zu übertragen zum Verschieben eines gewünschten Volumens des hydraulischen Strömungsmittels im System vom Gehäuse 12, und wobei die Mittel zur Zulassung der Ausdehnung des Gases zur Übertragung der Kraft des Gases Metallbalgen (20) angeordnet in der Kammer (14) aufweisen, gekennzeichnet durch Vorsehen des unter Druck stehenden Gases (16) oberhalb annähernd 3000 psi (210 bar) über einen gesamten Betriebsbereich von Betriebstemperaturen und Drücken hinweg, wobei die Größe der Kammer im wesentlichen gemäß der folgenden Gleichung vorgesehen ist:
Figure imgb0003
wobei
Va = Speichervolumen - Öl (hydraulischer Strömungsmittel) Volumen plus Gasvolumen im Speicher,
V0 = Zur Leistungsversorgung einer gegebenen Vorrichtung erforderliches Hydrauliköl (Strömungsmittel),
T2 = Niedrigste Speichergastemperatur vor Ölabgabe,
P2 = Akkumulatorgasdruck bei T2,
Z2 = Kompressibilitätsfaktor, eine Funktion von T2 und P2,
T3 - Speichergastemperatur nach Ölabgabe, P3 = Speichergasdruck bei T3,
Z3 = Kompressibilitätsfaktor, eine Funktion von T3 und P3,
T6 = Höchste Akkumulatorgastemperatur vor Ölabgabe,
P6 = Speichergasdruck bei T6,
Z6 = Kompressibilitätsfaktor, eine Funktion von Ts und Ps
und wobei das Gas einschließlich des Vorladungsgases Helium ist.
2. Speicher (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gehäuse (12) einen Hydraulikdruckanschluß (26) besitzt, um zu gestatten, daß das Hydraulische Strömungsmittel (22) die Mittel zur Übertragung der Kraft derart kontaktiert, daß ein gewünschtes Volumen an Hydraulikströmungsmittel durch das System versetzt werden kann.
3. Speicher (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei ferner ein Einlaßventil (18) mit der Kammer verbunden ist, um die Kammer (14) mit dem unter Druck stehenden Helium (16) vorzuladen.
EP19860111176 1985-08-16 1986-08-12 Mit Helium gefüllter hydraulischer Speicher Expired EP0215296B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US76622385A 1985-08-16 1985-08-16
US766223 1985-08-16

Publications (2)

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EP0215296A1 EP0215296A1 (de) 1987-03-25
EP0215296B1 true EP0215296B1 (de) 1989-12-27

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0249067B1 (de) * 1986-06-11 1990-09-12 R. Nussbaum AG Vorrichtung zum Dämpfen von Druckstössen in Rohrleitungen, insbesondere Sanitärinstallationen
US5265942A (en) * 1990-03-12 1993-11-30 Jones Ed F Variable response fluid brake system regulators
CN106468291A (zh) * 2015-08-17 2017-03-01 天津海莱姆科技有限公司 金属隔膜隔离式蓄能器

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1000744A (en) * 1960-11-10 1965-08-11 Plessey Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to hydraulic accumulators
GB1047983A (en) * 1962-10-17 1966-11-09 Power Aux Ies Ltd Improvements in or relating to bellows-type gas-hydraulic accumulators

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DE3667816D1 (de) 1990-02-01

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