EP0214829A2 - Omnidirectional antenna array - Google Patents

Omnidirectional antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0214829A2
EP0214829A2 EP86306768A EP86306768A EP0214829A2 EP 0214829 A2 EP0214829 A2 EP 0214829A2 EP 86306768 A EP86306768 A EP 86306768A EP 86306768 A EP86306768 A EP 86306768A EP 0214829 A2 EP0214829 A2 EP 0214829A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
detection means
signal detection
antenna device
absolute value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86306768A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0214829A3 (en
Inventor
Mark Andrew Irving
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orica Ltd
Original Assignee
ICI Australia Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICI Australia Ltd filed Critical ICI Australia Ltd
Publication of EP0214829A2 publication Critical patent/EP0214829A2/en
Publication of EP0214829A3 publication Critical patent/EP0214829A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/04—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by radio waves
    • F42C13/047—Remotely actuated projectile fuzes operated by radio transmission links
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for detection and onward transmission of a remotely transmitted signal. More particularly the present invention relates to a device for signal detection and transmission with reduced anisotropy.
  • Signal receivers such as inductive pick-up coils have an anisotropic reception characteristic and null conditions exist in any communication system in which the spatial orientation of the coil cannot be predetermined.
  • the null relationships of the transmitter and receiving means may be reduced by using three or more signal detection means (such as coils) in combination, however, even in such cases the incidence of null orientations is not eliminated.
  • an antenna device for the receipt and onward transmission of an electromagnetically transmitted signal, said device comprising:
  • the signal detection means will be arranged such that the axes of said signal detecting means are disposed in three dimensions. For example, where there are three signal detection means it is preferred that the axes of the signal detection means do not lie in the same plane and that no two axes are parallel.
  • axes of said signal detection means may be disposed .with maximum separation.
  • a particularly convenient and useful arrangement consists of three signal detection means arranged so that their.axes are orthogonal. However other arrangements, such as four signal detection means with axes in tetrahedral arrangement, may be used.
  • the nature of the signal detection means is not narrowly critical, and such components as coils and Hall effect devices may be used.
  • the nature of the signal detection means may he selected by those skilled in the art in accordance with the desired nature and frequency of the signal to be detected Preferred signal detecting means are inductive pick-up coils.
  • Said means for determining the absolute value of a signal received by a signal detection means include rectifiers.
  • Such rectifiers may include, for example, diode bridges and full wave rectifiers which may, for example, be constructed using operational amplifiers.
  • Said summing means may provide means for summing signals in one or more stages.
  • the arrangment of summing stages may be chosen as a matter of convenience in order to achieve summing of said signals.
  • the summing stages may comprise a means for summing groups of two or more outputs of the signal detection means.
  • a range of additional components may be incorporated into the said antenna device as a matter of convenience.
  • additional components selected from signal amplification means and signal filtering means.
  • Means for signal amplification and means for signal filtering may be chosen from a wide range of components known in the .art in accordance with desired nature and frequency range of the output signal.
  • an antenna device as hereinbefore described which additionally comprises means for amplification of the output of each signal detection means and means for filtering each amplified signal prior to absolute value determination.
  • the present invention further provides a process of communication using a remote receiving means which process comprises:
  • the device of the present invention provides significant advantage over prior art receiving means by ensuring reliable pick-up and onward transmission of an appropriate signal in any orientation of the antenna to the incoming signal.
  • the device of the present invention may be used in a wide range of applications.
  • the device may be used as an antenna device in communication systems, security systems and remote switching or triggering systems.
  • the device is of particular use where it is required to receive and onwardly transmit a signal .when the device is in a random orientation.
  • Reliable detection and onward transmission of a signal by a stationary antenna is particularly critical in the case of remote control firing systems used in blasting.
  • Such systems have been developed recently to obviate the need to use fixed signal transmission lines such as wire or explosive fuse cord to initiate firing of ignition devices in blasting detonators.
  • the use of the present invention as a means of receiving and onwardly transmitting an initiation signal for an explosive device provides increased safety and reliability in such remote firing systems.
  • Remote firing systems generally operate by transmission of an electromagnetic signal to an antenna at the site of the blasting detonator.
  • the detonator is placed in places which are difficult to reach and it is difficult to ensure a suitable orientation for signal transmission to a conventional antenna.
  • a blasting assembly for remote initiation comprising an antenna device according to the present invention for receipt and onward transmission of a signal to a blasting detonator has the advantage of allowing random orientation of the antenna device and detonator while ensuring reliable response to the appropriate detonation signal.
  • a blasting assembly for remote explosive initiation comprising an antenna device as hereinbefore described which is in communication with a detonator.
  • a method of firing a detonator which method comprises generating an electromagnetic signal, receiving and onwardly transmitting said signal to a detonator by means of an antenna device as hereinbefore described.
  • Fig 1 there is shown one embodiment of said antenna device which comprises:
  • the receiving coils L 1 , L 2 and L 3 consist of approximately 3000 turns of copper wire on soft iron cores, having a resistance of 240 ohms and an inductance of 150 mH.
  • the component values of the device are as follows:
  • Components C 9 , R 28 , C 10 , R 29 , C 11 and R 30 act in conjunctionn with the inductance of the coils as input filtering networks denoted F l , F 2 and F 3 in the preferred block schematic diagram shown in Figure 2.
  • the filtering stages increase the sensitivity of the coils at the desired transmission frequency.
  • the filtering stages are followed by operational amplifiers IC la , IC lb , IC 2 a, IC 2b , IC 3a , IC 3b , and components R 1 , R 2 , C 1 , R 3 , R 4 , C 2 , R 10 , R 11 , R 15 , R 16 , C 3 , R 17 , and R 18 .
  • M 1 , M 2 and M 3 in the block diagram are constructed from components IC 1c , IC 2 c, IC 3c , D 1s D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 , D 6 , R5, R7, R12, R 13 , R14, R 19 , R 20 and R 21 .
  • the action of these components is to rectify each half cycle of the input signal so as to produce an output signal equal to the absolute magnitude of the input signal.
  • the final stage of the circuit comprises components C4 , C5 , C 6 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and IC 4 is an ac summing amplifier, the output of which could, for example, be connected to the command decoding circuitry of the remote control device such as a blasting detonator.
  • Components C 7 , C 8 , R 26 25 and R 27 produce split supply voltages and a zero voltage level from a single battery B l .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An antenna device for receipt and onward transmission of an electromagnetically transmitted signal, said device comprising:
  • at least three signal detecting means;
  • means for determining the absolute value of the output of each signal detecting means; and
  • means for summing the absolute value of said coil outputs.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a device for detection and onward transmission of a remotely transmitted signal. More particularly the present invention relates to a device for signal detection and transmission with reduced anisotropy.
  • Signal receivers such as inductive pick-up coils have an anisotropic reception characteristic and null conditions exist in any communication system in which the spatial orientation of the coil cannot be predetermined.
  • Schemes have been produced to reduce the anisotropic properties in communications systems. Many such arrangements have relied on mechanical switching networks, but these have the disadvantage of using moving parts.
  • It is an object of the present invention to eliminate null relationships of the type discussed, allowing a remote signal detection device to be used in any orientation to the signal source.
  • The null relationships of the transmitter and receiving means may be reduced by using three or more signal detection means (such as coils) in combination, however, even in such cases the incidence of null orientations is not eliminated.
  • We have now found that the null orientations of the signal receiver may be eliminated using three or more signal detection means and in combination therewith means for determining and summing the absolute value of the signals produced by said coils.
  • Accordingly we provide an antenna device for the receipt and onward transmission of an electromagnetically transmitted signal, said device comprising:
    • at least three signal detection means;
    • means for determining the absolute value of the output of each signal detection means; and
    • means for summing the absolute value of said signal detection means.
  • Generally, the signal detection means will be arranged such that the axes of said signal detecting means are disposed in three dimensions. For example, where there are three signal detection means it is preferred that the axes of the signal detection means do not lie in the same plane and that no two axes are parallel.
  • It may be preferred in some circumstances to have the axes of said signal detection means disposed .with maximum separation. A particularly convenient and useful arrangement consists of three signal detection means arranged so that their.axes are orthogonal. However other arrangements, such as four signal detection means with axes in tetrahedral arrangement, may be used.
  • The nature of the signal detection means is not narrowly critical, and such components as coils and Hall effect devices may be used. In general, the nature of the signal detection means may he selected by those skilled in the art in accordance with the desired nature and frequency of the signal to be detected Preferred signal detecting means are inductive pick-up coils.
  • Said means for determining the absolute value of a signal received by a signal detection means include rectifiers. Such rectifiers may include, for example, diode bridges and full wave rectifiers which may, for example, be constructed using operational amplifiers.
  • Said summing means may provide means for summing signals in one or more stages. The arrangment of summing stages may be chosen as a matter of convenience in order to achieve summing of said signals. The summing stages may comprise a means for summing groups of two or more outputs of the signal detection means.
  • It will be known to those skilled in the art that a range of additional components may be incorporated into the said antenna device as a matter of convenience. For example, it may be advantageous in some circumstances to use one or more additional components selected from signal amplification means and signal filtering means. Means for signal amplification and means for signal filtering may be chosen from a wide range of components known in the .art in accordance with desired nature and frequency range of the output signal.
  • In one embodiment of the invention there is provided an antenna device as hereinbefore described which additionally comprises means for amplification of the output of each signal detection means and means for filtering each amplified signal prior to absolute value determination.
  • The present invention further provides a process of communication using a remote receiving means which process comprises:
    • generating an electromagnetic signal;
    • transmitting and receiving said signal in at least one of at least three signal detection means; determining the absolute value of each output of said signal detection means; and
    • summing the absolute values of the outputs of said signal detection means using a signal summing means.
  • The device of the present invention provides significant advantage over prior art receiving means by ensuring reliable pick-up and onward transmission of an appropriate signal in any orientation of the antenna to the incoming signal.
  • It will be understood by to those skilled in the art that the device of the present invention may be used in a wide range of applications. For example the device may be used as an antenna device in communication systems, security systems and remote switching or triggering systems.
  • The device is of particular use where it is required to receive and onwardly transmit a signal .when the device is in a random orientation.
  • Reliable detection and onward transmission of a signal by a stationary antenna is particularly critical in the case of remote control firing systems used in blasting. Such systems have been developed recently to obviate the need to use fixed signal transmission lines such as wire or explosive fuse cord to initiate firing of ignition devices in blasting detonators.
  • The use of the present invention as a means of receiving and onwardly transmitting an initiation signal for an explosive device provides increased safety and reliability in such remote firing systems.
  • Remote firing systems generally operate by transmission of an electromagnetic signal to an antenna at the site of the blasting detonator. Usually the detonator is placed in places which are difficult to reach and it is difficult to ensure a suitable orientation for signal transmission to a conventional antenna. Hence a blasting assembly for remote initiation comprising an antenna device according to the present invention for receipt and onward transmission of a signal to a blasting detonator has the advantage of allowing random orientation of the antenna device and detonator while ensuring reliable response to the appropriate detonation signal.
  • Hence in one embodiment there is provided a blasting assembly for remote explosive initiation comprising an antenna device as hereinbefore described which is in communication with a detonator.
  • In a further embodiment, there is provided a method of firing a detonator which method comprises generating an electromagnetic signal, receiving and onwardly transmitting said signal to a detonator by means of an antenna device as hereinbefore described.
  • Various examples of devices in accordance with this invention will now be described with the aid of the accompanying drawings.
  • In the accompanying drawings:
    • Fig 1 is a block diagram of a first example of a device according to the present invention.
    • Fig 2 is a block diagram of a second example of a device according to the present invention.
    • Fig 3 is a block diagram of a third example of a device according to the present invention.
    • Fig 4 is a block diagram of a fourth example of a device according to the present invention.
    • Fig 5 is a block diagram of a fifth example of a device according to the present invention.
    • Fig 6 is a circuit diagram of a specific example according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Referring to the diagrams:
    • "L" is used to designate said signal detection means, "M" is used to designate said absolute value determining means and "S" is used to designate said summing means.
  • In Fig 1 there is shown one embodiment of said antenna device which comprises:
    • three input coils (Ll,L2,L3) which are arranged in an approximately mutually orthogonal orientation;
    • amplification means for amplifying the output of each coil (A1,A2,A3);
    • filtering means for modifying the output of each said coil (F1,F2,F3);
    • absolute magnitude determining means of the filtered output of each input coil (Ml,M2,M3);
    • means for summing the absolute values of said coil output (S1).
    • Fig 2 shows a block diagram in which the coil signal passes through a filter prior (Fl,F2,F3) prior to amplification and absolute value determination.
    • Fig 3 shows a block diagram of a device of an embodiment of the present invention in which the signals are received (L1,L2,L3) and are passed through a filter before (F1,F2,F3) and after (F1',F2',F3') amplification stages (Al,A2,A3).
    • Fig 4 shows a block diagram of a device of an embodiment of the present invention in which the amplified signals are summed by a summing means comprising two summing stages (S1,S2).
    • Fig 5 shows a block diagram of a device according to the invention in which there are four signal detecting means (L1,L2,L3,L4).
    • Fig 6 shows one possible implementation of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2.
  • The receiving coils L1, L2 and L3 consist of approximately 3000 turns of copper wire on soft iron cores, having a resistance of 240 ohms and an inductance of 150 mH. The component values of the device are as follows:
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
  • Components C9, R28, C10 , R29, C11 and R30 act in conjunctionn with the inductance of the coils as input filtering networks denoted Fl, F2 and F3 in the preferred block schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. The filtering stages increase the sensitivity of the coils at the desired transmission frequency. The filtering stages are followed by operational amplifiers ICla, IClb, IC2a, IC2b, IC3a, IC3b, and components R1, R2, C1, R3, R4, C2, R10, R11, R15, R16, C3, R17, and R18. These components act as three independent ac amplifiers which increase the input signals from coils L1, L2 and L3 to an appropriate level for the full-wave rectification stages. Three full-wave rectififers denoted M1, M2 and M3 in the block diagram (Fig 2) are constructed from components IC1c, IC2c, IC3c, D1s D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, R5, R7, R12, R13, R14, R19, R20 and R21. The action of these components is to rectify each half cycle of the input signal so as to produce an output signal equal to the absolute magnitude of the input signal. The final stage of the circuit comprises components C4, C5, C6, R22, R23, R24, R25, and IC4 is an ac summing amplifier, the output of which could, for example, be connected to the command decoding circuitry of the remote control device such as a blasting detonator. Components C7, C8, R26 25 and R27 produce split supply voltages and a zero voltage level from a single battery Bl.

Claims (9)

1. An antenna device for receipt and onward transmission of an electromagnetically transmitted signal, said device comprising:
at least three signal detection means (Ll,L2,L3,L4);and characterized by having
means (Ml,M2,M3,M4) for determining the absolute value of the output of each signal detection means; and
means (S1,S2) for summing the absolute value of said signal detection means;
the signal detection means being arranged such that the axes of said signal detection means are disposed in three dimensions.
2. An antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by having three signal detection means (Ll,L2,L3) arranged so that their axes are orthogonal.
3. An antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by having four signal detecting means (L1,L2,L3,L4) with axes in tetrahedral arrangement.
4. An antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 inclusive characterized in that the signal detection means are selected from coils and Hall effect devices.
5. An antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 inclusive characterized in that the device additionally comprises at least one component selected from the group of amplification means (Al,A2,A3) and signal filtering means (Fl,F2,F3).
6. An antenna device according to claim 5 characterized in that the device comprises means (Al,A2,A3) for amplification of the output of each signal detecting means and means (Fl,F2,F3) for filtering each amplified signal prior to absolute value determination.
7. A blasting assembly for remote explosive initiation comprising an antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 inclusive which is connected to a detonator.
8. A process of communication using a remote receiving means which process comprises
generating an electromagnetic signal; transmitting and receiving said signal in at least one of at least three signal detection means (Ll,L2,L3,L4);characterized in that the absolute value of each output of said signal detection means is determined and
the absolute values of the outputs of said signal detection means are summed using a signal summing means (S1,S2).
9. A method of firing a detonator which method comprises generating an electromagnetic signal, receiving and onwarding transmitting said signal to a detonator by means of an antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 inclusive.
EP86306768A 1985-09-06 1986-09-02 Omnidirectional antenna array Withdrawn EP0214829A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH231685 1985-09-06
AU2316/85 1985-09-06

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EP0214829A2 true EP0214829A2 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0214829A3 EP0214829A3 (en) 1988-09-07

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EP86306768A Withdrawn EP0214829A3 (en) 1985-09-06 1986-09-02 Omnidirectional antenna array

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EP (1) EP0214829A3 (en)
BR (1) BR8606859A (en)
ES (1) ES2002741A6 (en)
FI (1) FI871606A0 (en)
GB (1) GB2180724B (en)
WO (1) WO1987001536A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA866627B (en)
ZW (1) ZW18386A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0814390A2 (en) * 1996-06-17 1997-12-29 Seiko Instruments R&D Center Inc. Electronic equipment
WO2000011753A1 (en) * 1998-08-22 2000-03-02 Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland Gmbh Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals
FR2812780A1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-08 Delphi Tech Inc REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES WITH AN IMPROVED RECEPTION ANTENNA

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2227908B (en) * 1988-11-23 1993-12-08 Gen Electric Co Plc Radio receiver antenna systems
DE19718423A1 (en) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-05 Siemens Ag Portable signal receiver
EP1873545A3 (en) * 1998-12-23 2008-02-13 Peter D. Jakab Magnetic resonance scanner with electromagnetic position and orientation tracking device
GB201210151D0 (en) * 2012-06-08 2012-07-25 Wfs Technologies Ltd Antenna system

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US3308760A (en) * 1961-12-23 1967-03-14 Bolkow Gmbh Passive magnetic proximity fuse
US3777665A (en) * 1969-07-22 1973-12-11 Gen Electric Fuze actuating system
GB1411704A (en) * 1972-06-01 1975-10-29 Australia Postmaster Generals Diversity radio receiver
DE2646651A1 (en) * 1974-07-02 1977-04-21 Ruggieri Ets DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND / OR IGNITION, IN PARTICULAR FOR PYROTECHNICAL DEVICES
US4025856A (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-05-24 Sode Laurence A Antenna apparatus
GB2063623A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-06-03 Nippon Electric Co Pre-dection maximal ratio combining system for diversity reception of radio frequency signals
EP0066168A1 (en) * 1981-05-21 1982-12-08 Honeywell Inc. Proximity monitor

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US2975275A (en) * 1958-05-22 1961-03-14 Itt Combining system for diversity communication systems
US2979613A (en) * 1958-08-26 1961-04-11 Itt Radio diversity receiving system
US3475687A (en) * 1965-09-29 1969-10-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio receiving apparatus responsive to both electric and magnetic field components of the transmitted signal
GB1433590A (en) * 1966-10-13 1976-04-28 Cit Alcatel Arrangement for the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals picked up by aerials comprising a plurality of elements
US3699889A (en) * 1971-04-27 1972-10-24 Us Navy Coil configuration for an electromagnetic warhead influence firing system
FR2277321A1 (en) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-30 Ruggieri Ets Control device for firing of steam engines - starts engine using Hall generator magnetic field detector
US4170008A (en) * 1975-02-28 1979-10-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Clutter discriminating fuze apparatus
AU1670483A (en) * 1982-07-08 1984-01-12 Fridolf, Donald Joseph Space diversity system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308760A (en) * 1961-12-23 1967-03-14 Bolkow Gmbh Passive magnetic proximity fuse
US3777665A (en) * 1969-07-22 1973-12-11 Gen Electric Fuze actuating system
GB1411704A (en) * 1972-06-01 1975-10-29 Australia Postmaster Generals Diversity radio receiver
DE2646651A1 (en) * 1974-07-02 1977-04-21 Ruggieri Ets DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND / OR IGNITION, IN PARTICULAR FOR PYROTECHNICAL DEVICES
US4025856A (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-05-24 Sode Laurence A Antenna apparatus
GB2063623A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-06-03 Nippon Electric Co Pre-dection maximal ratio combining system for diversity reception of radio frequency signals
EP0066168A1 (en) * 1981-05-21 1982-12-08 Honeywell Inc. Proximity monitor

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Title
1974 INTERNATIONAL IEEE /AP-S SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM & DIGEST, Atlanta, Georgia, 10th - 12th June 1974, pages 236-238; J.A. KINZEL: "Some experimental results of an I-band remote set fuze information link for gun launched and helicopter fired projectiles" *
THE RADIO AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEER, vol. 45, no. 7, July 1975, pages 357-367; J.D. PARSONS et al.: "Diversity techniques for mobile radio reception" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0814390A2 (en) * 1996-06-17 1997-12-29 Seiko Instruments R&D Center Inc. Electronic equipment
EP0814390A3 (en) * 1996-06-17 1998-04-15 Seiko Instruments R&D Center Inc. Electronic equipment
WO2000011753A1 (en) * 1998-08-22 2000-03-02 Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland Gmbh Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals
FR2812780A1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-08 Delphi Tech Inc REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES WITH AN IMPROVED RECEPTION ANTENNA

Also Published As

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WO1987001536A1 (en) 1987-03-12
GB2180724B (en) 1989-08-16
ZW18386A1 (en) 1988-04-13
ES2002741A6 (en) 1988-10-01
FI871606A (en) 1987-04-13
EP0214829A3 (en) 1988-09-07
FI871606A0 (en) 1987-04-13
GB2180724A (en) 1987-04-01
GB8621198D0 (en) 1986-10-08
ZA866627B (en) 1987-05-27
BR8606859A (en) 1987-11-03

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