EP0213028B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung von Stäben eines Stabkreuzes für ein Kernbrennstabbündel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung von Stäben eines Stabkreuzes für ein Kernbrennstabbündel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0213028B1
EP0213028B1 EP86401706A EP86401706A EP0213028B1 EP 0213028 B1 EP0213028 B1 EP 0213028B1 EP 86401706 A EP86401706 A EP 86401706A EP 86401706 A EP86401706 A EP 86401706A EP 0213028 B1 EP0213028 B1 EP 0213028B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
rods
cluster
inspection
during
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Expired
Application number
EP86401706A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0213028B2 (de
EP0213028A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Gebelin
Roger Couture
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Areva NP SAS
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Framatome SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/06—Devices or arrangements for monitoring or testing fuel or fuel elements outside the reactor core, e.g. for burn-up, for contamination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the examination of the rods of clusters insertable in the core of a nuclear reactor and it relates more particularly to a method and an examination device making it possible to carry out a first examination of all the rods in order to determine their degree of wear and complete this first examination by a visual examination and / or a measurement by another process.
  • the invention finds a particularly important application in the control of rods belonging to adjustment clusters insertable in the fuel assemblies of reactors cooled and moderated with light water, and in particular in pressurized water reactors.
  • adjustment clusters are used, each consisting of a bundle of absorbent rods, twenty-four for example, carried by the arms of an upper handling part which is generally called a spider. among these clusters, some allow the reactivity to be regulated during the normal operation of the reactor and in particular to vary the power. Other clusters contain a consumable poison and are introduced into the heart only during the first operating cycle of the latter.
  • the rods simply constitute plugs intended to close the guide tubes provided in the assemblies to limit the flow of refrigerant which bypasses the fuel rods.
  • FR-A-2 298 859 a method of examining not rods of adjustment clusters, but fuel rods of a nuclear reactor, as well as a device implementing the method.
  • the method is of the type in which the rods and a test assembly are moved longitudinally relative to each other providing a measurement signal.
  • the examination set described in this document comprises a prism endoscope and a stirrup provided with feelers making it possible to measure the outside diameter of the pencils and / or their spacing.
  • the present invention aims to provide an examination method of the type defined above, better meeting those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it makes it possible to subject all of the pencils to a first stage of examination to determine those who are likely to be in critical condition and then, in a second step, to complete the diagnosis on these pencils only.
  • the invention aims to provide a multifunctional examination process, allowing a variable investigation, which is complete only on pencils which a first stage of examination has revealed that they are capable of present risks.
  • the process may be supplemented by a complete visual inspection of the entire periphery of one pencil at a time, using a camera, during the descent and ascent of a questionable pencil.
  • a camera used to examine the front face of the pencil during the descent of the cluster and the rear face during the ascent of the cluster, using the mirrors placed behind the pencil and associated with the camera.
  • the visual examination or the ultrasonic examination can be carried out on a questionable pencil, identified during an anterior eddy current control, at the same time as the control is carried out.
  • the examination device which will now be described by way of example, is intended for examining the control bunches of a nuclear reactor whose fuel assemblies include rods distributed at the nodes of a square network.
  • the cluster 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises twenty-four absorbent rods 12 carried by a spider 13. These rods are intended to slide in guide tubes distributed in some of the 17 ⁇ 17 nodes of the network of fuel rods in the assembly.
  • Each absorbent pencil 12 ends in a warhead facilitating its insertion.
  • the examination device 14 will generally be placed in the fuel building 16 attached to the enclosure of the nuclear reactor (not shown) and will communicate with this enclosure by an airlock 18.
  • This airlock opens into a swimming pool 20 containing the device 14.
  • a handling machine 22 makes it possible to grasp a fuel assembly 24 at a time and to bring it into a storage cell 25.
  • the machine 22 is designed to be equipped with a tool for handling the bunches, thereby making it possible to extract the cluster contained in the assembly and insert it into the control device 14.
  • the device 14 can be in the form of an autonomous assembly, which can be manipulated using your handling machine. As shown in Fig. 3 it can be provided at its upper end with deflectors 26 constituted by folded sheets making it possible to center and orient the lower part of the grapple handling tool, constituting the grapple.
  • the device can also be equipped with projectors 28, sealed so that they can operate in a swimming pool.
  • the complete device 14 is placed in an installation making it possible to immerse it at an adjustable depth in the pool.
  • the device is completed by data processing and display equipment 35 placed outside the swimming pool, intended to process the control signals by eddy current and by ultrasound. It also includes a television monitor 36 and possibly a video recorder 37 associated with the display camera 42 which generally constitutes the optical inspection device:
  • the upper end piece 30 (FIGS. 5 to 7) consists of four feet 39 having a triangular profile and placed at the four corners of a square having the same section as a fuel assembly. A bore 41 is pierced in each foot. For each orientation of the cluster handling tool, two centering fingers 27 (Fig. 5) carried by the tool engage in two bores placed along a diagonal, so to guarantee the correct positioning of the tool and the correct engagement of the cluster.
  • the feet 39 are connected at their upper part by welded plates 38 of stiffening, also serving for the attachment of the movable fingers of the cluster handling tool.
  • the feet 39 are also connected in their middle part, by an adapter plate 40. Twenty-four holes 43 (Fig. 6 and 7) are drilled in the plate 40 in an arrangement reproducing that of the network of pencils 12 in the cluster 10.
  • the lower part of the end piece 30 defines an examination area. This zone is provided with eddy current control means and opens towards the stage, to give access to the visual and ultrasonic control means.
  • the eddy current control means are carried by a sole 44 pierced with ten holes, the distribution of which reproduces that of ten of the pencils of the cluster. Above six of these holes are placed eddy current coils 46 which completely encircle the path of the pencil and are designed to operate in absolute mode. A centering washer 48 is glued to each end of the coils to facilitate centering.
  • only six coils are provided in order to limit their size. However, this number is not limiting and it is possible, for example, to provide twelve coils, or even as many coils as there are pencils if it is desired to carry out the control in a single pass.
  • the coils 46 are associated with the data processing equipment 35 which will generally comprise an oscillator drawer 60 (FIG. 4) providing an electrical signal at the frequency chosen for the eddy current control and a processing drawer 61 providing signals analog representing the projections of the measurement signal in two orthogonal directions of the section of a pencil.
  • the signals from the six coils are processed independently by a computer 63 and the results can be provided on a printer or a plotter 64 (Fig. 4).
  • each of the coils 46 will be associated with a reference coil (not shown), identical to the first, encircling a section of new pencil and mounted close to the first.
  • the plate 50 is constituted by a horizontal plate fixed on two of the feet 39, for example by brackets 52 and screws 54. Lights 56 cut in the two legs 39 which receive the brackets provide access to the examination area from the top of the plate 50. In the upper face of the latter, six grooves 58 are formed making it possible to give the camera six different positions each corresponding to the examination of a pencil placed in a different hole 43 (Fig. 7) .
  • the body 32 of the device (Fig. 5) consists of four angles 66 connected by regularly spaced spacers.
  • the upper spacer plate 68a and an intermediate plate 68b appear in FIG. 5.
  • the plate 68a and the lower plate 68c appear in FIG. 10.
  • the feet 39 of the end piece are welded to the first high spacer plate 68a. All the spacer plates are pierced with aligned holes 70, the distribution of which reproduces that of the network of rods of the cluster and in which guide tubes 72 of diameter are fitted so that the rods can slide therein.
  • the assembly of the spacer plates and the angles can be carried out by any means, by screws in the case shown in FIG. 5.
  • the role of the riser 34 is to allow the device to be placed in a fuel assembly storage cell, the plate being above the upper opening of the cell.
  • Several extensions of different length can be provided. Each extension can have the general constitution shown in FIG. 8 and 9, similar to that of the body.
  • the extension 34 comprises four vertical angles 74 fixed using screws 76 (or by any other means) to spacer plates 78 pierced with twenty-four holes distributed along the network of rods in the control cluster.
  • Means for fixing the extension 34 to the body 32 can be provided. In the case shown in Fig. 8, they are constituted by screws 80 intended to engage in threaded holes of the lower spacer plate 68c of the body.
  • Figures 6, 7, 11 and 12 show a visual inspection assembly, the image pickup element of which is constituted by a camera 42 associated with a mirror holder.
  • the body of the camera 42 is pinched between two stirrups 84 welded on a sole 86 whose orientation relative to the receiving groove 58 is ensured by two orientation pins 88 fitted in the sole.
  • a butterfly screw 90 makes it possible to block the sole 86 on the plate 50.
  • the mirror holder 92 (FIGS. 7, 11 and 12) consists of two arrow-shaped plates 94. Each plate is pierced with a hole 96 for passing the pencil during inspection. The lower ends of the plates 94 are welded to a clamp 98 making it possible to fix the mirror holder on the body of the camera. Two mirrors 100, making an angle of 120 °, are placed at the ends of the plates 94 and are held in place by a tie rod 102 provided with tightening nuts 104. The mirrors 100 make it possible to observe the rear face of the pencil being d inspection if the camera 42 is focused on the images provided by the mirrors rather than on the front face of the pencil observed.
  • the ultrasonic inspection assembly is shown in FIG. 13 placed on a remote-controlled plate. But it could as well be mounted on a plate 50 of the kind shown in FIG. 6.
  • the control assembly 106 can be viewed as comprising a control block and a control block.
  • the control unit is intended to be fixed on the plate. It comprises a sealed enclosure 110 mounted on the plate by a bracket 112 and containing an electric motor 108 (generally direct current) associated with an angular encoder 114.
  • the output shaft of the motor 108 is provided with a flexible coupling 116 and the sealed housing 110 is provided with a horizontal guide column 118 parallel to the shaft.
  • the control block is formed and coupled to the control block in such a way that it can tolerate deformations of the rod 12 to be checked.
  • This control block comprises a support 120 connected to the control block by engagement of the guide column 118 in a guide 122 belonging to the support 120.
  • This guide column 118 allows small amplitude displacements of the support 120 in rotation and in translation the along the column, which allows the control block to adapt to any straightness defects in the pencils 12.
  • the lower and upper plates of the support 120 are pierced with openings in which are placed bearings 124 which receive a rotary assembly 126 surrounding the location occupied by the pencil 12 to be examined.
  • the crew 126 is constituted by a rotary sleeve on which is mounted a focused ultrasonic probe 128.
  • the probe is placed parallel to the vertical axis of rotation of the sleeve 126 and the ultrasound beams emitted and received are reflected by an inclined mirror 130.
  • the electrical supply of the probe and the transmission of the signals are carried out by means of a rotating electrical contact 136.
  • the sleeve is provided with a rotary drive mechanism making it possible to inspect a pencil over its entire periphery using the probe 128.
  • the drive mechanism shown comprises a drive shaft 138 which rotates in bearings carried by the upper plate of the support 120.
  • This shaft 138 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 108 by the flexible coupling 116 which tolerates misalignment of the motor shaft and the transmission shaft.
  • This transmission shaft 138 ends in a bevel gear 140 which meshes with a bevel wheel 142 carried by the sleeve 126.
  • the ultrasonic control assembly shown in FIG. 13 further comprises a device for relative positioning of the rod 12 relative to the probe 128. This positioning device is constituted by an elastic centering device carried by the lower plate of the support 120.
  • the centering device comprises a bracket 144 fixed to the support plate and in which can slide a rod 146 towards and from the pencil.
  • the rod carries a carriage 148 on which rotates a movable roller 150 whose shape matches that of the pencil.
  • a second roller 152 is mounted on an axis carried by the stirrup 144, which can slide in buttonholes 156 of the carriage 148.
  • a return spring 158 tends to push the carriage 148 in a direction such that the movable roller 150 applies the pencil 12 against the fixed roller 152. It can be seen that this arrangement ensures the centering of the pencil relative to the ultrasonic probe, while remaining capable of tolerating, by sliding of the carriage 148, significant deformations.
  • the plate with manual positioning of the camera can be replaced by a plate whose movements are controlled remotely, and which carries the camera or the ultrasonic control unit in a fixed position .
  • the remotely controlled board shown by way of example in FIG. 13 is provided to enable the visual control camera or the ultrasonic probe 128 to be placed in any one of the six positions corresponding to six rods to be inspected, these six positions advantageously being distinct from those occupied by the eddy current coils.
  • the plate shown in Fig. 13 includes a table with crossed movements in two horizontal directions xy.
  • the movements of this table within a limited range, are controlled by a rod-crank system.
  • the rod 160 whose crank (not shown) can be driven by a motor (not shown) or manually from above the pool and carries an axis 162 on which is fixed a positioning roller 164.
  • the roller 164 follows the path of a cam 166 provided in the plate and drives the tool-holder plate 168.
  • the table with crossed movements comprises a first set of shafts 170 parallel to the direction x and a second set of shafts 172 parallel to the direction y, allowing the displacement of a cleat plate 112.
  • the cluster of adjustment rods is lowered into the device and six rods of the cluster are simultaneously controlled using the eddy current control assembly. This check can be carried out during the descent and during the ascent and the results are recorded.
  • the same operations are repeated in three other orientations, respectively offset by 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° from the original position: this gives an image of the overall wear variation of each. pencils of the cluster and one can detect those of the pencils whose wear (in particular by loss of material on the sheaths) is such that they must be checked more precisely, at least locally.
  • the ultrasonic control is intended to be carried out only on one pencil at a time, which is generally sufficient since there is not systematic verification of all the pencils over their entire length.
  • the ultrasonic probe is rotated around the pencil at the same time as it moves.
  • it is possible to provide a reading of an external profile point every three degrees of angle, with a rotation of about one revolution per second.
  • the visual examination is carried out using the television camera, which could moreover be replaced by an endoscope insofar as one does not wish to have a recording.
  • the camera is focused on the front face of the pencil to be checked, which makes it possible to visually detect any cracks or cracks or to attest to the loss of an end warhead.
  • the image provided by the mirrors 100 is brought into focus, which makes it possible to have an overall image of the pencil in the critical areas.
  • the installation of the camera or of the ultrasonic control assembly so that it corresponds to the pencil to be checked is carried out, when a stage of the kind shown in FIG. 6, after having raised the device using the descender in order to bring it within reach of a remote manipulation tool, by electrical control in the case of a plate of the kind shown in FIG. 13.
  • the invention is obviously not limited to the particular embodiment which has been shown and described. It is applicable regardless of the number of rods in a cluster and whatever the nature of these rods, including when they contain a fertile material used for example to vary the energy spectrum of neutrons in the reactor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Verfahren zur Überprüfung von Stäben (12) eines Bündels (10), das in den Reaktorkem .eines Kernreaktors einbringbar ist, gemäß dem das Stabbündel und eine Überprüfungsvorrichtung, die ein Meßsignal liefert, das eine gegenüber der anderen längsverschoben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
in einem ersten Schritt das Bündel, das eine Anzahl n von Stäben aufweist, durch eine Überprüfungsvorrichtung hindurch herabgelassen wird, mit Hilfe derer eine Überprüfung durch Wirbelströme auf n/m Stäbe gleichzeitig ausgeübt wird, wobei m eine ganze Zahl ist, und dieser Vorgang m mal wiederholt wird, nachdem jedesmal das Bündel um einen Winkel von 360°/m gedreht wurde, um die zweifelhaften Stäbe zu bestimmen,
während eines zweiten Schritts die zweifelhaften Stäbe einer nach dem anderen durch eine Ultraschalluntersuchung während des Absenkens und des Anhebens des Stabs über die gesamte axiale Länge, die als zweifelhaft beurteilt wurde, überprüft werden und gemäß mehrerer Profile, um eine Darstellung der zweifelhaften Zonen anzugeben.
2. Überprüfungsverfahren von Stäben nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überprüfung durch Wirbelströme gemäß n/m Stäben gleichzeitig in dem Fall ausgeführt wird, in dem ein Bündel eine Drehungssymmetrie von der Ordnung m aufweist.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Sichtprüfung durchgeführt wird, die komplett und über den gesamten Außenumfang eines einzelnen Stabs gleichzeitig unter Zuhilfenahme einer Kamera während des Herabsenkens und Anhebens eines zweifelhaften Stabs durchgeführt wird, beispielsweise durch Überprüfen der Vorderseite des Stabs bei dem Absenken des Bündels und der Hinterseite während des Anhebens des Bündels, unter Verwendung von Spiegeln, die hinter dem Stab angeordnet sind und der Kamera zugeordnet sind.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sichtprüfung oder die Ultraschallprüfung eines zweifelhaften Stabs, der während einer vorhergehenden Kontrolle durch Wirbelströme ausgemacht wurde, zu gleicher Zeit durchgeführt wird, wie die Kontrolle mittels Wirbelstrom eines Satzes von n/m zusätzlichen Stäben.
5. Überprüfungsvorrichtung von Stäben (12) eines Bündels (10), das in den Reaktorkern eines Kernreaktors einbringbar ist, welche einen Körper (32) aufweist, der mit Führungseinrichtungen (72) versehen ist, die die Stäbe des Bündels in m unterschiedliche Richtungen des letzteren gleitverschieben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körper ein oberes Endstück (30) aufweist, das durch die Stäbe während ihrer Bewegung in dem Körper durchquert wird und mit n/m Spulen (46) mit Wirbelströmen versehen ist (n ist die Gesamtanzahl der Stäbe des Bündels), verbunden mit einer Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung (35) sowie Zusatzüberprüfungseinrichtungen durch Ultraschall oder Besichtigung wenigstens eines Stabs gleichzeitig während seiner Bewegung in dem Körper.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Wirbelstrom-Spule (46) in einer Differenzschaltung mit einer zweiten Spule verbunden ist, die einen neuen Stab umgibt, um ein Signal in Abhängigkeit des Abnützungszustands in einem untersuchten Stababschnitt bezüglich eines neuen Stababschnitts zu erhalten, unter Kompensierung der Umgebungsbedingungen und der Länge des Kabels.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6 zur Überprüfung von Bündeln für Brennelementkassetten, wo die Stäbe gemäß einem Rechteck verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung geeignet ist, um das Bündel in m = 4 unterschiedliche Richtungen aufzunehmen.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zusatzüberprüfungseinrichtungen einen Ultraschallwandler (128) mit fokalisierter Emission aufweisen, der auf einer Ausrüstung (126, 142) angeordnet ist, die an dem Endstück derart angeordnet ist, um sich drehen zu können, und Einrichtungen (108, 116, 138, 149) aufweist, um die Ausrüstung in Drehung um den zu überprüfenden Stab zu versetzen, um eine vollkommene Darstellung des letzteren zu erhalten.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse des Wandlers (128) parallel zur Achse des Stabs angeordnet ist, und daß die Zusatzüberprüfungseinrichtungen Ablenkungseinrichtungen (130) der Ultraschallwellen, die in Richtung auf den Stab ausgesendet werden und der Ultraschallwellen, die in Richtung auf den Wandler reflektiert werden, aufweisen.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zusatzü-. berprüfungseinrichtungen eine Kamera (42) aufweisen, die mit einem Träger (92, 94) versehen ist, der vorgesehen ist, um eine Passage für die zu untersuchenden Stäbe zu bilden, und Spiegel (100) zur Besichtigung der Seite des Stabs trägt, die der Kamera gegenüberliegt.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das obere Endstück (30) mit einer Tragplatte (50) verbunden ist, die vorgesehen ist, um die Zusatzüberprüfungseinrichtungen in mehreren Positionen aufzunehmen, wobei jede der Überprüfung eines einzelnen Stabs des Bündels entspricht, oder um die Einrichtungen in diese Position zu bringen.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Endstück mit Einrichtungen (27) für die Zentrierung des Bündels und die Versetzung des letzteren in eine der m Stellungen versehen ist.
EP86401706A 1985-08-01 1986-07-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung von Stäben eines Stabkreuzes für ein Kernbrennstabbündel Expired - Lifetime EP0213028B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8511781 1985-08-01
FR8511781A FR2585869B1 (fr) 1985-08-01 1985-08-01 Procede et dispositif de controle des crayons de grappe pour assemblage de combustible nucleaire.

Publications (3)

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EP0213028A1 EP0213028A1 (de) 1987-03-04
EP0213028B1 true EP0213028B1 (de) 1989-08-30
EP0213028B2 EP0213028B2 (de) 1994-04-20

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EP86401706A Expired - Lifetime EP0213028B2 (de) 1985-08-01 1986-07-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung von Stäben eines Stabkreuzes für ein Kernbrennstabbündel

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Country Link
US (1) US4741878A (de)
EP (1) EP0213028B2 (de)
JP (1) JPH06105312B2 (de)
KR (1) KR940010232B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1266323A (de)
DE (1) DE3665374D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2002721A6 (de)
FR (1) FR2585869B1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA865518B (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0213028B2 (de) 1994-04-20
FR2585869A1 (fr) 1987-02-06
ES2002721A6 (es) 1988-10-01
ZA865518B (en) 1987-03-25
DE3665374D1 (en) 1989-10-05
US4741878A (en) 1988-05-03
EP0213028A1 (de) 1987-03-04
KR940010232B1 (ko) 1994-10-22
JPS6234097A (ja) 1987-02-14
FR2585869B1 (fr) 1987-11-13
CA1266323A (en) 1990-02-27
KR870002610A (ko) 1987-03-31
JPH06105312B2 (ja) 1994-12-21

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