EP0211097A1 - Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant - Google Patents

Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0211097A1
EP0211097A1 EP85109784A EP85109784A EP0211097A1 EP 0211097 A1 EP0211097 A1 EP 0211097A1 EP 85109784 A EP85109784 A EP 85109784A EP 85109784 A EP85109784 A EP 85109784A EP 0211097 A1 EP0211097 A1 EP 0211097A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
microaerosol
generator
generators
carburetor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP85109784A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander T. Pol
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP85109784A priority Critical patent/EP0211097A1/fr
Publication of EP0211097A1 publication Critical patent/EP0211097A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and devices for producing fuel mixtures, and more particularly, to the production of microaerosol particles of water, fuel and/or oxidizer in an optimum fuel mixture for internal combustion engines or burners.
  • optimum conditions relating to the water content in the fuel mixture In addition to certain optimal conditions pertaining to the fuel/air mixture, there are also desired optimum conditions relating to the water content in the fuel mixture.
  • the water content in the fuel mixture modifies the process of combustion, and there is ample reason to obtain an optimum water content in a fuel mixture to maximize burning of the fuel and to minimize pollution of the environment.
  • U.S. Patent 3,911,871 describes a system for adding water to the intake system of an engine, and uses a vacuum controlled injector which passes water over an ultrasonic atomizer 52 to atomize the water.
  • U.S. Patent 4,183,338 uses exhaust gas and vacuum conditions at the PCV inlet to achieve a control of the flow of fuel into the engine. Vortex chambers are used as the controlling devices in conjunction with exhaust gas pressure and PCV vacuum.
  • U.S. Patent 4,324, 209 describes an apparatus for obtaining an homogenized fuel/water mixture and then vaporizing it before admixing the mixture into the engine.
  • the prior art thus describes several methods and devices for the injection of water and/or the control of injection with regard to the cycle of the engine.
  • the fuel and water are separate particles, and the resultant fuel mixture is inhomogeneous.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a fuel mixture having an extremely high degree of dispersion of fuel particles with a high total surface area of the fuel particles.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel mixture in which a uniform and homogeneous mixture of particles of fuel and carrier is obtained, and in which the carrier comprises water, oxidizer, or other compounds.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a fuel mixture for internal combustion engines or burners, by using series-connected microaerosol generators of the carrier substance, water or oxidizer, and subsequently fuel.
  • the technique of aerosol production enables an ideal mixture to be approached. Since the life time of microaerosol particles exceeds considerably the duration of time required to introduce the fuel mixture into the cylinder of the engine up to the moment of ignition, the microaerosol mixture remains homogeneous.
  • a mixture of finely atomized fuel and air exhibits all desirable characteristics such as high homogeneity, high total surface area, low combustion temperature, less knocking tendency, high volumetric efficiency and uniform distribution of the mixture, resulting in higher performance of the engine.
  • the combustion mixture is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity of the particles and by the optimum ratio of the fuel film to the carrier core of the particle. This implies optimal conditions for the dynamics of combustion of the fuel mixture.
  • the microaerosol carburetor of the invention produces particles having a small size in the range of from about 1 x 10 ⁇ 6 to about 5 x 10 ⁇ 8m. Additionally, the sedimentation rate coefficient is below 1.
  • the high number (over billions of particles per ml of solution) and the great total surface area imply a significant increase in the efficiency of the engine working with the herein described mode of carburetion of the fuel mixture as compared to a conventional atomization.
  • the carburetor of the invention comprises series-connected microaerosol generators which produce microaerosol particles of a carrier and fuel, with the fuel forming a layer or film on cores of the carrier substance.
  • the series-connected generators of the invention may be pressure driven, for example, as described more fully hereinafter, and may be of any suitable type.
  • a preferred embodiment of carburetor according to the invention is indicated generally at 10 in figure 1 and comprises first and second series-connected microaerosol generators G1 and G2 for producing a microaerosol of the carrier (water) and the fuel.
  • the carburetor operates by positive pressure derived from a suitable source such as a compressor or the like, not shown. In operation, air under pressure is introduced through nozzle or jet 11 and into venturi 12, drawing water up from the reservoir defined in housing 13.
  • Water is supplied to the reservoir through an inlet 14 from a suitable source, not shown. Due to the action of the venturi, microaerosol particles of water are produced and are then dispersed and subjected to the action of the perforated upper cylindrical section 15 of the venturi housing. These particles of water are caused to impact many times against the perforated housing and upon passing through the perforations 16, are caused to impact against the cylindrical baffle 17, further breaking up the particles. Larger particles fall down into the reservoir and are again drawn into the venturi by the action caused by the flow of air through it. Smaller, microaerosol particles pass upwardly into a second nozzle or jet 18, comprising a part of the second microaerosol generator.
  • the microaerosol particles of water flow through a second venturi 19 after exiting the jet 18, pulling liquid fuel into the venturi from fuel reservoir 20 defined in housing 21.
  • Liquid fuel is supplied to the reservoir from a suitable source, not shown, via an inlet 22.
  • the pressure difference generated in the venturi causes the fuel to break up into microaerosol particles which form a film or layer on the water particles.
  • the resultant water-fuel mixture is homogenous, uniformly dispersed and very finely atomized.
  • the resultant microaerosol mixture is then passed through perforations 23 in cylindrical housing 24, impacting many times against the walls of the housing resulting in further break-up of the particles of water and fuel. Upon passing through the perforations, the particles strike cylindrical wall 25. Droplets and larger particles fall back down into the reservoir for recycling through the venturi.
  • the smaller water-fuel microaerosol particles in air pass upwardly through an outlet 26 from which the mixture is directed to a burner or to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure difference across the jets 11, 18 and the outlet 26 causes the fuel and water to be drawn into the venturi and is broken up into small particles.
  • the series connection of the generators results in forming a fuel film on the water particles.
  • An additional inlet 27 is provided into the water reservoir 13 for adding of the fuel, or various compounds and an inlet 28 is provided into the fuel reservoir 20 for adding a fuel-water emulsion or other substances to the microaerosol generator G2.
  • the ratio between water and fuel, as well as the respective composition of the water-fuel microaerosol in air are determined by the size of the generator chambers and the amounts of liquids supplied as well as by the developed head pressure across the air jet 11 and outlet 26. These values are determined by the given constructional demands of the burner or engine.
  • the concentration ratio of the fuel to air of the mixture can also be regulated by using an air C1 and mixture C2 containers connected through respective valves with said microaerosol generator.
  • the optimal level of water in the fuel mixture in conditions of various air humidity is controlled by means of any type of humidity sensitive apparatus, such as that shown in Fig. 2.
  • the control system shown in figure 1 at 29 comprises a generator G of electrical oscillations, which, in the simplest case, may be the engine alternator or electrical power line supplying AC oscillations.
  • the signal from the generator is then brought to bridge B which contains a humidity transducer C with thermistor T. From the bridge a signal is forwarded to differential amplifier D, and to power transistors P, from which the resultant signal through coil M operates a needle valve N to control flow of water W from a suitable source to the water inlet 14 or, respectively, 38, of the microaerosol generators.
  • the dielectric constant of the capacity transducer C undergoes changes according to the actual humidity of air and, respectively, alters the amplitude of oscillations in the bridge.
  • the voltage difference is amplified by the differential amplifier D and finally by the two push-pull power transistors P.
  • the position of the needle N in the tube is determined by the electromagnetic field between coils M.
  • the carburetor of the invention may operate synchronously and in dependence on the engine, or independently, driven by a separate compressor, as in the case of a turbo-charged engine.
  • microaerosol generators described herein operate with water, fuel and a respective oxidizer combined in series, regardless of the type of generator used.
  • pressure-driven generators described are the simplest.
  • a plurality of series-connected microaerosol generators of fuel, water and oxidizer may be arranged in parallel if necessary, particularly for jet-type internal combustion engines.
  • the fuel mixture prepared according to the invention has an extremely high degree of dispersion (to a fraction of 1 m), a very high total surface area of the particles, a uniform and homogeneous mixture of the carrier fuel particles; a low sedimentation rate coefficient of particles carrying static charge enables the mixture to be fully evaporated or subjected to compression without coalescence of constituent particles of the mixture and subsequently introduced into the burner or engine.
  • the prepared mixture may be injected to the combustion chamber.
  • the greater total surface area of the liquid phase of the fuel and the high degree of homogeneity of the microaerosol particles according to the described method as compared to the conventionally dispersed fuel droplets result in a significant increase in the efficiency of the engine.
  • the power increase of the engine is due to a considerable enhancement of the developed pressure change (dp/dt, where p-pressure and t-time) during combustion of the microaerosol fuel mixture, and to an acceleration of the first phase of the combustion of the mixture.
  • the optimal content of water in the fuel mixture (Fig. 3b) with preservation of the optimal gasoline/air ratio in the described carburetion is possible and independent of the work conditions of the engine. This results especially in considerable power increase in the use of high gasoline content of the mixture.
  • the invention permits an elimination of some of the auxiliary elements of contemporary carburetor.
  • the carburetor of the invention controls the power of the engine only by means of the amount and concentration of the fuel mixture supplied thereto.
  • the described method and carburetor enable also production of a dual fuel mixtures.
  • heavy evaporating fuel can be introduced to the first-step generator wherein it is converted to carrier microparticles, covered subsequently in the second-step generator by other type of fuel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
EP85109784A 1985-08-03 1985-08-03 Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant Withdrawn EP0211097A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85109784A EP0211097A1 (fr) 1985-08-03 1985-08-03 Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85109784A EP0211097A1 (fr) 1985-08-03 1985-08-03 Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant

Publications (1)

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EP0211097A1 true EP0211097A1 (fr) 1987-02-25

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EP85109784A Withdrawn EP0211097A1 (fr) 1985-08-03 1985-08-03 Méthode et carburateur pour la production d'un mélange de carburant

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226121A (en) * 1988-12-17 1990-06-20 Stordy Combustion Eng Burner with water supply

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044453A (en) * 1961-11-29 1962-07-17 Edward A Hoffmann Method and apparatus for fuel combustion
DE1526664A1 (de) * 1966-06-22 1970-01-22 Louis Feuersaenger Vergaser fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen,insbesondere Oberflaechenvergaser
US4003969A (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-01-18 Robinson William C Carburetor system for internal combustion engine
US4048963A (en) * 1974-07-18 1977-09-20 Eric Charles Cottell Combustion method comprising burning an intimate emulsion of fuel and water
GB1526430A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-09-27 Rose W Fuel vaporizer and control system
US4183338A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-01-15 U.S.A. 161 Developments Ltd. Combustion control system adding a liquid, exhaust gases, and PCV gases

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044453A (en) * 1961-11-29 1962-07-17 Edward A Hoffmann Method and apparatus for fuel combustion
DE1526664A1 (de) * 1966-06-22 1970-01-22 Louis Feuersaenger Vergaser fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen,insbesondere Oberflaechenvergaser
US4048963A (en) * 1974-07-18 1977-09-20 Eric Charles Cottell Combustion method comprising burning an intimate emulsion of fuel and water
US4003969A (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-01-18 Robinson William C Carburetor system for internal combustion engine
GB1526430A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-09-27 Rose W Fuel vaporizer and control system
US4183338A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-01-15 U.S.A. 161 Developments Ltd. Combustion control system adding a liquid, exhaust gases, and PCV gases

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226121A (en) * 1988-12-17 1990-06-20 Stordy Combustion Eng Burner with water supply
GB2226121B (en) * 1988-12-17 1993-05-12 Stordy Combustion Eng Burner and method of operating same

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