EP0209631B1 - Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion de combustible liquide - Google Patents

Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion de combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0209631B1
EP0209631B1 EP86103115A EP86103115A EP0209631B1 EP 0209631 B1 EP0209631 B1 EP 0209631B1 EP 86103115 A EP86103115 A EP 86103115A EP 86103115 A EP86103115 A EP 86103115A EP 0209631 B1 EP0209631 B1 EP 0209631B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
air
air mixture
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86103115A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0209631A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedhelm Salzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority to AT86103115T priority Critical patent/ATE38424T1/de
Publication of EP0209631A1 publication Critical patent/EP0209631A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0209631B1 publication Critical patent/EP0209631B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning liquid fuel with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a burner with the features of the preamble of claim 2.
  • the combustion of liquid fuels containing hydrocarbons basically requires the preparation step of gasifying the liquid before the combustion. If this process takes place within a certain critical time, which is around a hundredth of a second, the combustion takes place exclusively via gaseous intermediate oxidation products, with the end product carbon dioxide ultimately being formed by oxidation of carbon monoxide. This suppresses the formation of soot, the particles of which act as condensation nuclei for acidic combustion products. In addition, a soot coating on the heat exchange surface leads to additional energy losses.
  • the fuel jet supplied under pressure enters a pressure compensation chamber in which the same pressure prevails as in the combustion chamber.
  • An annular gap adjoins the pressure equalization chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by air guided perpendicular to the fuel jet. The air supplied in small quantities and at low pressure is used only for atomization and is no longer required after the start phase.
  • DE-C-3 038 063 describes a burner in which a flow path for the combustion air is formed between the conical lateral surfaces of an insert body and a guide body.
  • the cone tip points to the fuel feed line.
  • the insert body is provided on the outside with guide vanes, which force a swirl on the air flow.
  • This swirl creates a swirling movement in the fuel-air mixture, which causes a recirculation movement of the reaction partners, but at the same time pushes the fuel droplets outwards.
  • the effect of reducing the formation of soot which is intended by the design of the known burner, can only set inadequately, since no absolutely homogeneous mixture is produced.
  • AT-B-234 256 an oil pressure atomizer is shown, in which the oil pressure is sufficient at high power to atomize the oil. At low power, additional atomization is brought about by steam. The atomizing vapor is passed through a narrow gap that is perpendicular to the central oil jet.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic method and the burner in such a way that even at low throughputs the fuel burns with a completely soot-free flame, clogging of the outlet bore through which the fuel flows is avoided and the flame root is held within the outlet opening.
  • the entire combustion air required for the combustion is used to atomize the fuel.
  • the compact fuel is broken down into fine droplets by opposing air jets and homogeneously mixed with the combustion air.
  • the mixing is further improved by the fact that the air is supplied in a swirl-free manner, so that no centrifugal force acts on the drops, by means of which they can be forced outward and separated. In this way, the conditions are created under which the combustion of the liquid fuel can only take place via gaseous intermediate oxidation products and thus without the formation of soot.
  • the fuel-air mixture thus prepared flows to the outlet opening, the dimensioning and the resulting flow velocity ensure that the flame root is at a certain distance from the place of mixing and homogeneous mixing of finely atomized fuel and combustion air is achieved .
  • the dimensioning of the conical section ensures that the flame root is still within the outlet opening.
  • the drawing shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.
  • the burner has a guide tube 1 which is provided with a connection 2 for the supply of combustion air.
  • a cylindrical guide body 4 with a flat bottom surface 20 is provided within the guide tube 1.
  • the guide body 4 is axially displaceable. It is arranged at a distance from the guide tube 1 such that an annular channel 3 is formed. The distance is maintained by flat spacers 21, which do not produce a twist.
  • the combustion air flows through this channel 3 in an axially parallel and swirl-free manner.
  • a fuel line for the supply of is centered in the guide tube 1 liquid fuel arranged.
  • the fuel line consists of a tube 5 and an outlet bore 6 which is guided through the longitudinal axis of the guide body 4.
  • the outlet bore 6 opens centrally into the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4.
  • the guide tube 1 is closed on the outlet side by a closing body 7.
  • the closing body 7 is provided with a flange 8, by means of which the closing body 7 is fastened to a flange 9 of a combustion chamber 10.
  • the combustion chamber 10 is part of a heating boiler 11.
  • the closure body 7 has an outlet opening 12 in the extension of the outlet bore 6.
  • a high-voltage ignition 13 and a flame monitor 14 are passed through the end body 7 and protrude into the combustion chamber 10.
  • the end body 7 contains on the side facing the guide tube 1 a flat end face 15 which is at an axial distance from the bottom surface 20 of the guide body 4.
  • the bottom surface 20 and the end face lie parallel to one another and form a gap 16 of constant width, which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet bore 6.
  • the gap 16 is connected to the annular channel 3 and has a substantially smaller cross section than this.
  • the gap width can be varied by the adjustability of the guide body 4.
  • the cylindrical section 17 merges with a sudden increase in its diameter into a conically widening section 18.
  • a tear-off edge 19 is thereby formed between the cylindrical section 17 and the conical section 18.
  • the cross section of the cylindrical section 17 is chosen so large that the flow velocity of the medium flowing through it is always at least three times greater than the ignition speed of the fuel.
  • the rate of ignition is the rate at which a flame travels back through a fuel-air mixture. For oil, it is about 12 m / s.
  • the largest diameter of the conical section 18 is dimensioned such that the flow velocity of the medium at the outlet from the section 18 is reduced to a speed which is below the ignition speed.
  • the liquid fuel emerges as a compact jet at an average speed of 2 m / s.
  • the combustion air flows axially parallel and swirl-free through the annular channel 3 and, after a deflection of 90 °, hits the fuel jet perpendicularly in the gap 16.
  • the air jets are accelerated considerably within the gap 16 formed by the plane-parallel surfaces 15, 20 and collide at high speed in the center of the gap 16.
  • the highly accelerated air jets break the centrally entering fuel jet into fine droplets with a diameter of about 0.02 mm and produce a homogeneous mixture of fuel droplets and air.
  • the fuel-air mixture prepared in this way flows through the cylindrical section 17 of the outlet opening 12 at a flow speed which is significantly above the ignition speed, this speed being reduced within the conical section 18 to a value below the ignition speed.
  • the flame root stabilizes in the conical section 18 of the outlet opening 12, and even when the combustion chamber 10 is cold, a soot-free flame with a very rapid combustion reaction is formed immediately, so that the combustion of the fuel vapors is already at Exit from the combustion chamber 10 is complete.
  • This enables the design of heat exchangers with small dimensions and turbulent flue gas flow in narrow flue gas flues, especially since soot is not produced in any setting, not even in the absence of air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide prévoyant que l'air de combustion passe, sans subir de mouvement tournant, par une fente limitée par deux plans parallèles, perpendiculairement en direction d'un jet de combustible central et se trouve ainsi considérablement accéléré, ledit jet de combustible compact étant brisé et le mélange combustible-air ainsi produit étant dirigé dans une chambre de combustion, caractérisé par le fait que le mélange combustible-air est évacué à une vitesse de flux correspondant au triple de la vitesse d'allumage.
2. Brûleur pour combustible liquide comportant un tube de conduit (1) pour l'air de combustion à l'intérieur duquel est disposé, en laissant une certaine distance pour former un canal annulaire (3), un corps directeur (4) qui est réglable axialement et par lequel passe axialement une conduite de combustible munie d'un orifice de sortie central (6) coaxialement auquel est prévu un orifice de sortie (12) pour le mélange combustible-air, pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'extrémité du tube de conduit (1) côté sortie une fente (16) est délimitée par deux surfaces parallèles (15,20), ladite fente (16) s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'orifice de sortie (6) dans le corps directeur (4) et présentant une section sensiblement plus étroite que celle du canal annulaire (3) et par le fait que la section de l'orifice de sortie (12) pour le mélange combustible-air est dimensionnée en fonction de la puissance du brûleur de telle sorte que la vitesse de flux du mélange corresponde au minimum au triple de la vitesse d'allumage.
3. Brûleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'orifice de sortie (12) présente d'abord un tronçon cylindrique (17) dont le diamètre et la longueur sont égaux et par le fait qu'en direction du flux du mélange combustible-air le tronçon cylindrique (17) se transforme pour devenir un tronçon (18) s'élargissant en forme de cone.
4. Brûleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le plus petit diamètre du tronçon conique (18) est plus grand que le diamètre du tronçon cylindrique (17) et par le fait que le plus grand diamètre du tronçon conique (18) présente une grandeur telle que la vitesse de flux du mélange combustible-air soit inférieure à la vitesse d'allumage.
EP86103115A 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion de combustible liquide Expired EP0209631B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86103115T ATE38424T1 (de) 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 Verfahren und brenner zum verbrennen von fluessigem brennstoff.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3526482A DE3526482C1 (de) 1985-07-24 1985-07-24 Brenner zum Verbrennen von fluessigem Brennstoff
DE3526482 1985-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0209631A1 EP0209631A1 (fr) 1987-01-28
EP0209631B1 true EP0209631B1 (fr) 1988-11-02

Family

ID=6276645

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86103115A Expired EP0209631B1 (fr) 1985-07-24 1986-03-08 Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion de combustible liquide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0209631B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE38424T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3526482C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3702415C1 (de) * 1987-01-28 1988-04-21 Babcock Werke Ag Brenner
US6729874B2 (en) * 2000-07-27 2004-05-04 John Zink Company, Llc Venturi cluster, and burners and methods employing such cluster

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1296911A (fr) * 1961-08-04 1962-06-22 Pillard Chauffage Perfectionnement aux brûleurs de combustibles liquides à pulvérisation mécanique et à débit variable par retour, pour augmenter l'ampleur de leur variation de débit utilisable
AT234256B (de) * 1962-07-13 1964-06-25 Unitherm Oesterreich Gmbh Druckzerstäubungsbrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe
AT285013B (de) * 1969-04-08 1970-10-12 Dumag Ohg Einrichtung zum Versprühen von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere von flüssigen Brennstoffen
US3777983A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-11 Gen Electric Gas cooled dual fuel air atomized fuel nozzle
DE2729321C2 (de) * 1977-06-29 1983-10-20 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V., Nijmegen Verfahren zur Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff sowie Brennereinrichtung zurDurchführung des Verfahrens
DE3026832A1 (de) * 1980-07-16 1982-02-11 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Zerstaeuberduese fuer kontinuierliche brennstoffeinspritzung
DE3038063C2 (de) * 1980-10-08 1983-07-28 Braukmann Kessel GmbH, 6966 Seckach Ölbrenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3526482C1 (de) 1986-12-18
EP0209631A1 (fr) 1987-01-28
ATE38424T1 (de) 1988-11-15
DE3661106D1 (en) 1988-12-08

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