EP0209318B1 - Commande de la trajectoire de forage en cours du forage d'un puits - Google Patents

Commande de la trajectoire de forage en cours du forage d'un puits Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0209318B1
EP0209318B1 EP19860305285 EP86305285A EP0209318B1 EP 0209318 B1 EP0209318 B1 EP 0209318B1 EP 19860305285 EP19860305285 EP 19860305285 EP 86305285 A EP86305285 A EP 86305285A EP 0209318 B1 EP0209318 B1 EP 0209318B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
drill collar
course
drilling apparatus
bore hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860305285
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0209318A2 (fr
EP0209318A3 (en
Inventor
Gordon Douglas
Peter Allen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gyrodata Drilling Automation Ltd
Original Assignee
Cambridge Radiation Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cambridge Radiation Technology Ltd filed Critical Cambridge Radiation Technology Ltd
Publication of EP0209318A2 publication Critical patent/EP0209318A2/fr
Publication of EP0209318A3 publication Critical patent/EP0209318A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0209318B1 publication Critical patent/EP0209318B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the control of drilling courses in the directional drilling of bore holes, for example in the fields of oil extraction, oil exploration, mineral exploration and geothermal energy extraction.
  • the invention is concerned with apparatus for use in rotary drilling, rather than turbine drilling which uses down hole motors.
  • a typical assembly of drill string components near the bottom of a bore hole may consist of a drill bit, drill collars and stabilisers, this being known as a bottom hole assembly.
  • a drill collar is a heavy drill pipe whose function it is to transmit the drilling torque and axial thrust to the drill bit as well as to provide weight and to provide a connection to the other drill string components above.
  • a stabiliser is a device which is approximately the same diameter as the bore hole wall and acts to centralise the drill collar in its vicinity. Sections of drill collar, stabilisers and the drill bit are joined by screwed connectors.
  • An aim of the invention is the attainment and/or maintenance of desired drilling courses by the use of means which provide a controlled deformation or displacement to the drill string.
  • US-A-3993127 discloses drilling apparatus which uses a feedback technique to generate an enter signal representative of a correction to be applied to the drilling course, but there is no disclosure of how the drill bit is deflected to alter the drilling course.
  • GB-A-2077811 discloses drilling apparatus in which the drill bit is deflected in order to follow a required drilling direction. This deflection is applied to the drill string by slave pistons which respond to fluid pressure in respective master pistons, the master and slave pistons rotating with the drill string and being housed in respective spacer stabilisers.
  • drilling apparatus comprises a rotatable drill collar, a drill bit carried by the end of the drill collar, control means for controlling the drilling course, the control means comprising sensing means for sensing the actual drilling course, information storage means for storing a predetermined required drilling course and comparison means for comparing the sensed course with the required course and for delivering an error signal in dependence upon the comparison, characterised by two spaced stabilisers which actto locate the drill collarwithin a bore hole being drilled and actuating means which do not rotate with the collar and which apply a controlled lateral force or displacementto the drill collar at a location between the two stabilisers in order to deflect the drill collar between the spaced stabilisers to vary the drilling course in dependence upon said error signal, the control means being located down the hole being drilled.
  • the sensing means preferably sense direction and inclination of the bore hole course relative to the earths magnetic and gravitational fields respectively.
  • the actuating means preferably include a specially adapted control stabiliser which may be located between said spaced stabilisers which may be conventional stabilisers.
  • One of the spaced stabilisers will be located close to the drilling bit (the "near bit stabiliser") and the other typically 9.15-30.50 m behind.
  • the control stabiliser controls the drilling direction by deflecting the drill collarthrough controlled magnitudes in controlled radial directions, using the two spaced stabilisers as support points.
  • the deflection of the drill collar results in a change in the angle of the drilling bit relative to the current direction of the bore hole. This change in angle results in a change in drilling direction.
  • the information storage means may be provided with information which relates to the desired direction and inclination of the bore hole course, and also to the maximum desired curvature of the bore hole during the transition from the initial bore hole course to the desired bore hole course. Information can be supplied to the information storage means either when the latter is on the surface prior to drilling or when in situ during the drilling operation when a course change may be required.
  • a following timed sequence of drill string rotations, stop rotations, or reverse rotations provides the required information of direction, inclination and curvature which is recognised and stored by the information storage means.
  • the coded rotation of the drill collar could be sensed from the voltage produced by an electrical generator driven by rotation of the drill collar.
  • An alternative method of supplying information is to lower down the inside of the drill string a programmer unit by means of an electrically conductive line.
  • the information storage means may be magnetically or acoustically coupled to the programmer unit and the required information transmitted by a timed sequence of electrical and magnetic or acoustic pulses.
  • the comparison means and the subsequent generation of signals to drive the actuating means are generated by an algorithm which is stored and processed electronically.
  • the actuating means deflects the drill collar, in the vicinity of the control stabiliser, in two orthogonal directions by amounts giving the desired magnitude and direction of deflection.
  • the forces to produce these deflections may be provided by flexible tubes or bags which when supplied with hydraulic fluid expand until the required deflections are obtained.
  • a measure of the required deflections are the forces which are applied by the actuators since the essence of the control is to deflect the drill collar between, and relative to, the two conventional stabilisers in the bottom hole assembly. These forces are functions of the hydraulic fluid pressures which are applied to the actuators. Signals resulting from the measurement of these pressures are utilised by the control means, as feedback signals, indicating the attained magnitude and direction of deflection of the drill collar.
  • the required hydraulic fluid flow and pressures may be generated by a suitable reciprocating pump or pumps which are driven from the rotating drill collar. Control of the hydraulic fluid is exercised by suitable valves which divert the fluid flow in accordance with control signals generated by the comparison means.
  • the actuating means may include devices other than tubes or bags to apply the controlled lateral force to the drill string.
  • devices other than tubes or bags to apply the controlled lateral force to the drill string.
  • the drilling means comprise a drill collar 10 carrying at its extremity a drill bit 12.
  • the collar 10 is supported and centred in the bore hole 14 by two spaced stabilisers, namely a near bit stabiliser 16 and a far bit stabiliser 18.
  • a control stabiliser 20 which applies to the drill collar 10 a controlled lateral force or displacement (indicated by arrow 22) in order to deflect the latter between the spaced supports constituted by the stabilisers 16, 18.
  • the lateral forces applied to the drill collar 10 by the bore 14 are indicated at 21 in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the undeflected drill collar at 24 and the deflected drill collar at 26, the change in drilling direction being indicated by the angle 28.
  • FIG 2 shows a half section through the control stabiliser 20, on an enlarged scale.
  • the control stabiliser 20 has a housing 31 which contains the sensing means, information storage means and comparison means, together with batteries, hydraulic pump, valves and other equipment necessary for the operation of the actuating means.
  • the batteries are for powering the electronic and other equipment associated with the control means.
  • the hydraulic pump is driven from the rotating drill collar by virtue of the relative rotation between the rotating drill collar and the normally stationary housing.
  • the wall contact assembly 33 which is externally similar to a conventional stabiliser, provides the reaction to the radial force applied to the drill collar by means of the actuator assembly 34.
  • the wall contact assembly may rotate with the drill collar, in which case the forward joint 35, which is connected to the wall contact assembly by a nose casing 36, is arranged to allow angulation about axes normal to and passing through the axis of the drill collar, while preventing rotation about the axis of the drill collar and minimising radial and axial movement.
  • Bearings 37 connect the rotating wall contact assembly with the nonrotating assembly consisting of an angulation coupling 38, an actuator casing 39 and an anti-rotation device 40.
  • the angulation coupling 38 is similar in performance to the forward joint and allows angulation about axes normal to and passing through the axis of the drill collar but prevents relative rotation about the axis of the drill collar and prevents all relative translational movements.
  • the anti-rotation device 40 is designed to apply radial force to the bore hole wall 14 and provide torsional resistance preventing rotation, while having minimal resistance to axial movement.
  • the housing 31 is connected rigidly to an actuator bridge member 41.
  • This assembly is located onto the drill collar by means of spaced bearings 42.
  • This assembly is also connected to the actuator casing by means of a rear joint 43 which has the same properties as the forward joint and similar properties to the angulation coupling.
  • the actuator assembly 34 consists of four individual actuators 44. These actuators 44 lie within the annular space 46 between the actuator casing 39 and the actuator bridge member 41 and each actuator is disposed at equal intervals around the periphery, as best shown in Figure 3. The movement of the drill collar relative to the wall contact assembly is achieved by applying different pressures, in a controlled manner, to each of the four actuators 44.
  • the form of the actuators could be a flexible hose or tube 44 or a variation thereof, with one end blanked off and the other end connected to a hydraulic supply and return pipe.
  • the flexible material could be woven polyester or nylon coated with a suitable elastomer such as Viton.
  • each tube 44 is fitted into the annular space 46 reserved for the actuators, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the cross section of each tube 44 would be partially flattened.
  • the actuator bridge member 41 and hence the drill collar 10 will be moved radially with respect to the actuator housing.
  • the use of four actuators allows the actuator bridge member 41 to be positioned at any location relative to the actuator housing only within the limits of maximum radial movement.
  • An alternative mode of operation of this form of the invention is with the wall contact assembly not rotating with the drill collar.
  • the forward joint 35 is located on the drill collar by means of a bearing assembly 45 and the bearings 37 are locked to provide a rigid connection. It may be useful to configure this form of the invention so that the modes of operation can be interchanged by means of simple adjustments. With the wall contact assembly not rotating it may be that the anti-rotation device is not required, this function being provided by the wall contact assembly itself.
  • the sensing means 50 sense the actual drilling course which is compared with the predetermined required drilling course stored in the information storage means 52. This comparison is carried over in the comparison means 54 which produce an error signal in dependance upon the comparison. The error signal is fed back by a feedback loop 56 to the actuating means 58 (constituted by the control stabiliser 20) which applies the controlled lateral force to the drill collar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Appareil de forage comprenant une tige lestée (10) rotative, un trépan (12) monté à l'extrémité de la tige lestée, des moyens de commande pour commander l'orientation de forage, les moyens de commande comprenant des moyens de détection (50), destinés à repérer l'orientation de forage réelle, des moyens d'enregistrement d'information (52), destinés à enregistrer une orientation de forage prédéterminée exigée et des moyens de comparaison (54), destinés à comparer l'orientation détectée avec l'orientation exigée et à fournir un signal d'erreur dépendant de la comparaison, caractérisé par deux stabilisateurs espacés (16, 18) qui agissent de façon à positionner la tige lestée à l'intérieur du sondage qui est foré, et par des moyens d'actionnement (20) qui ne tournent pas avec la tige lestée et qui appliquent une force ou un déplacement latéral commandé à la tige lestée, en une position située entre les deux stabilisateurs, dans le but de dévier la tige listée entre les stabilisateurs espacés, afin de faire varier l'orientation de forage sous la dépendance du signal d'erreur, les moyens de commande étant placés au fond sondage qui est foré.
2. Appareil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection détectent la direction et l'inclinaison de l'orientation du sondage, respectivement par rapport aux champs magétique et de gravitation de la terre.
3. Appareil de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'actionnement comprennent un stabilisateur de commande (20) qui applique la force ou le déplacement latéral commandé et qui se trouve entre les stabilisateurs espacés.
4. Appareil de forage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'enregistrement d'information (52) disposent d'une information qui concerne la direction et l'inclinaison désirées de l'orientation du sondage, et également la courbure maximale désirée du sondage pendant la transition de l'orientation initiale du sondage vers l'orientation désirée du sondage.
5. Appareil de forage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens d'actionnement comprennent des tubes ou des sacs flexibles qui se dilatent lorsqu'ils reçoivent un fluide hydraulique, jusqu'à l'obtention de la déviation exigée de la tige lestée.
6. Appareil de forage selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le débit et les pressions désirés de fluide hydraulique sont produits par une ou plusieurs pompes à mouvement alternatif qui sont entraînées à partir de la tige lestée en rotation.
7. Appareil de forage selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la commande du fluide hydraulique est exercée par des vannes qui dévient l'écoulement de fluide conformément à des signaux de commande que produisent les moyens de comparaison.
8. Appareil de forage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens d'actionnement appliquent des forces commandées à la tige lestée dans chacune de deux directions orthogonales, de façon que les moyens d'actionnement puissent appliquer à la tige lestée une déviation d'une valeur quelconque et dans une direction radiale quelconque.
EP19860305285 1985-07-13 1986-07-09 Commande de la trajectoire de forage en cours du forage d'un puits Expired EP0209318B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8517749 1985-07-13
GB08517749A GB2177738B (en) 1985-07-13 1985-07-13 Control of drilling courses in the drilling of bore holes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0209318A2 EP0209318A2 (fr) 1987-01-21
EP0209318A3 EP0209318A3 (en) 1988-05-04
EP0209318B1 true EP0209318B1 (fr) 1990-10-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860305285 Expired EP0209318B1 (fr) 1985-07-13 1986-07-09 Commande de la trajectoire de forage en cours du forage d'un puits

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0209318B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3675279D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2177738B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990007625A1 (fr) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-12 Cambridge Radiation Technology Limited Appareil de forage directionnel
EP1024245A2 (fr) * 1999-01-30 2000-08-02 Michael King Russell Stabilisateur contrôlé
WO2002046567A1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2002-06-13 Institut Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de forage directionnel rotary comportant un moyen de flexion stabilise
US6942044B2 (en) 1999-04-14 2005-09-13 Western Well Tools, Inc. Three-dimensional steering tool for controlled downhole extended-reach directional drilling

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US5220963A (en) * 1989-12-22 1993-06-22 Patton Consulting, Inc. System for controlled drilling of boreholes along planned profile
GB9204910D0 (en) * 1992-03-05 1992-04-22 Ledge 101 Ltd Downhole tool
US5332048A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-07-26 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for automatic closed loop drilling system
US5490569A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-02-13 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Directional boring head with deflection shoe and method of boring
US7306058B2 (en) 1998-01-21 2007-12-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Anti-rotation device for a steerable rotary drilling device
US6340063B1 (en) 1998-01-21 2002-01-22 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Steerable rotary directional drilling method
US6092610A (en) * 1998-02-05 2000-07-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Actively controlled rotary steerable system and method for drilling wells
US6158529A (en) 1998-12-11 2000-12-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Rotary steerable well drilling system utilizing sliding sleeve
US6467557B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-10-22 Western Well Tool, Inc. Long reach rotary drilling assembly
US6269892B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2001-08-07 Dresser Industries, Inc. Steerable drilling system and method
US6109372A (en) * 1999-03-15 2000-08-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Rotary steerable well drilling system utilizing hydraulic servo-loop
US6948572B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2005-09-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Command method for a steerable rotary drilling device
CA2277714C (fr) 1999-07-12 2005-02-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dispositif de forage rotatif orientable et methode de forage dirige
DE19950040A1 (de) * 1999-10-16 2001-05-10 Dmt Welldone Drilling Services Vorrichtung zum Niederbringen verlaufkontrollierter Bohrungen
US6601658B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2003-08-05 Schlumberger Wcp Ltd Control method for use with a steerable drilling system
FR2817905B1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2003-01-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de forage directionnel rotary comportant un moyen de flexion a glissieres
US6840336B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2005-01-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Drilling tool with non-rotating sleeve
CA2351978C (fr) 2001-06-28 2006-03-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Controleur d'orientation de percage
GB0227630D0 (en) 2002-11-27 2003-01-08 Smart Stabilizer Systems Ltd Steerable drill bit arrangement
US7084782B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2006-08-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drill string telemetry system and method
US7234543B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2007-06-26 Intersyn Ip Holdings, Llc Systems and methods for directionally drilling a borehole using a continuously variable transmission
GB2406344B (en) 2003-07-01 2007-01-03 Pathfinder Energy Services Inc Drill string rotation encoding
CA2448723C (fr) 2003-11-07 2008-05-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Appareil de forage a jauge reglable, et methode d'assemblage connexe
AT501933A1 (de) * 2004-07-26 2006-12-15 Albrecht Walter Vortriebseinrichtung
US7222681B2 (en) 2005-02-18 2007-05-29 Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. Programming method for controlling a downhole steering tool
US8590636B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2013-11-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Rotary steerable drilling system
CA2545377C (fr) 2006-05-01 2011-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Moteur de fond de trou avec trajet conducteur continu
US8065085B2 (en) 2007-10-02 2011-11-22 Gyrodata, Incorporated System and method for measuring depth and velocity of instrumentation within a wellbore using a bendable tool
US8185312B2 (en) 2008-10-22 2012-05-22 Gyrodata, Incorporated Downhole surveying utilizing multiple measurements
US8095317B2 (en) 2008-10-22 2012-01-10 Gyrodata, Incorporated Downhole surveying utilizing multiple measurements
US8065087B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2011-11-22 Gyrodata, Incorporated Reducing error contributions to gyroscopic measurements from a wellbore survey system
US8408331B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2013-04-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole downlinking system employing a differential pressure transducer
CA2794510C (fr) 2010-03-30 2017-09-19 Gyrodata, Incorporated Flexion d'un arbre d'un outil de forage de puits orientable
US8570833B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2013-10-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downlinking communication system and method
US8792304B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2014-07-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downlinking communication system and method using signal transition detection
US9366087B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2016-06-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation High dogleg steerable tool
EP3555415B1 (fr) 2016-12-14 2023-10-25 Helmerich & Payne, Inc. Système de flèche articulée utilitaire mobile
CN113404429B (zh) * 2021-07-19 2023-12-22 万晓跃 复合式导向钻井工具及方法

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CA1098894A (fr) * 1979-07-19 1981-04-07 Inco Limited Traduction non-disponible
US4394881A (en) * 1980-06-12 1983-07-26 Shirley Kirk R Drill steering apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990007625A1 (fr) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-12 Cambridge Radiation Technology Limited Appareil de forage directionnel
EP1024245A2 (fr) * 1999-01-30 2000-08-02 Michael King Russell Stabilisateur contrôlé
US6942044B2 (en) 1999-04-14 2005-09-13 Western Well Tools, Inc. Three-dimensional steering tool for controlled downhole extended-reach directional drilling
WO2002046567A1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2002-06-13 Institut Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de forage directionnel rotary comportant un moyen de flexion stabilise
FR2817903A1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2002-06-14 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de forage directionnel rotary comportant un moyen de flexion stabilise

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0209318A2 (fr) 1987-01-21
EP0209318A3 (en) 1988-05-04
DE3675279D1 (de) 1990-12-06
GB8517749D0 (en) 1985-08-21
GB2177738B (en) 1988-08-03
GB2177738A (en) 1987-01-28

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