EP0208246A1 - Ventilated insulating of hollow spaces - Google Patents
Ventilated insulating of hollow spaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0208246A1 EP0208246A1 EP86108984A EP86108984A EP0208246A1 EP 0208246 A1 EP0208246 A1 EP 0208246A1 EP 86108984 A EP86108984 A EP 86108984A EP 86108984 A EP86108984 A EP 86108984A EP 0208246 A1 EP0208246 A1 EP 0208246A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating material
- pieces
- hollow spaces
- thermal insulation
- thermally insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a thermally insulating material suited for being deposited and filling out hollow spaces and is of the kind disclosed in the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a thermal insulation of hollow spaces in building structures, such as service spaces in foundations and built-up roofs.
- Most thermally insulating materials are porous and contain considerable amounts of relatively static air. In certain cases the porous system is closed like in the case of plast foams, in other cases the porous system is open like in the case of mineral wool.
- An open porous system offers the advantage that aqueous vapour may diffuse through the insulating layer. Aqueous vapour may be present in and around an insulating layer, something which is unfortunate and damaging to the insulating quality of the insulating layer, und such vapour must be removed or ventilated irregardless of the reason for its presence. An increasing content of aqueous vapour in an insulating material means a decreasing insulating quality of the material, the thermal conducting quality of the insulating material increasing with increasing humidity.
- Consequently, it is of vital importance both for the sake of the insulating quality of the insulation material as well as for the sake of the keeping qualities of the structures that such in itself undesirable and for various reasons existing aqueous vapour may diffuse through the insulation and then subsequently be let out into the open through ventilating slots or the like.
- Aqueous vapour arise in building constructions for many different and well-known reasons. By way of example constructional errors and inadequate workmanship may be mentioned. Examples of the latter may be permeable vapour membranes and the occurence of humidity in the foundation wall. The last-mentioned examples frequently occur both in comparatively new houses as well as in old ones, and it is one of the objects of the present invention to be able to remedy such errors without harming the buildings, at the same time reducing the thermal loss by a re-insulation.
- Several publications relating to insulation material for filling out hollow spaces, for instance by blowing, are known.
- From Norwegian "utlegningsskrift" no. 147 554 someglass fiber bodies in the shape of sticks are known, the cross section of which is preferably rhombic, quadrangular or triangular, in which sticks the fibers are oriented in layers in order to impart to the sticks a tendency of dividing up themselves at many places along their length transversely to their longitudinal direction.
- From DAS 2811 004 a method for producing small balls or bodies of spherical shape is known, said balls or bodies being formed by introducing loose fibers into a cyclone.
- From Canadian Patent No. 1116 994 a method for producing cubes from glass fiber material bonded with a binding agent is known, which cubes are delaminated by means of particular devices, see for instance lines 3 - 7 on page 8.
- From US Patent No. 2618 817 a method for dividing a glass wool mat into columns is known, and in which these columns are cut off by a rotating knife and blown into a hollow space.
- Common for these publications is the tendency of trying to solve the problem of making the materials pack well. Either this is done by letting bigger regular pieces delaminate in such a way that the small or thin parts of these regular pieces fill out the hollow spaces between the bigger regular pieces, or by producing regular pieces from a material with a very low density, the regular pieces then becoming soft and fluffy which entails a good packing.
- The specific weight or the densities mentioned in the above publications are all within a very low range, viz. from approx. 5 to 20 kg/m3.
- Thus, it appears that previously it has been tried to produce regular pieces which first and foremost packed well in order to obtain the best possible:insulating quality. On the other hand the ability to ventilate undesirable aqueous vapour seems to be considerably limited. In the cases where humidity has been ascertained in a structure and in those cases where experience has shown that humidity is often likely to occur, the natural convection in conventional insulating materials is not big enough for removing the humidity occurring.
- This is probably best seen from the increasing number of damages to houses and structures after re-insulation.
- The actual errors are due to missing or permeable vapour membranes, permeable walls or roof constructions, penetrating humidity from the foundation or the like, but the damages do not get really visible until a renewed insulating to bigger insulation thickness is carried out and a too tightly packed insulation material is used.
- The object of the present invention according to claim 1 is to ensure an increased ventilation through the insulation layers at the expense of a slight reduction of the thermally insulating qualities.
- The invention is characterized by the subject matter of the characterizing clause of claim 1.
- The invention is based on the fact that uniform and regularly shaped bodies when randomly packed will form a structure having many open and mutually interconnected interspaces. When blowing in the material in the hollow spaces in buildings exactly the random packing is attained. The requirements as to rigidity and strength of the bodies are thus only that they must be able to resist the influence from the air-borne transportation and the packing in the hollow space without essentially breaking or disfiguring. The open structure of the packed material allows a ventilation of the hollow space, so that aqueous vapour apart from diffusing through the insulation pieces themselves can be ventilated through the hollow spaces between the individual regular pieces.
- Particularly risky re-insulation jobs may be re-insulation of for instance the service space in foundations, similar service space constructions facing the ground or concrete layers covering the ground and built-up roofs.
- By carefully selecting the outer mutual dimensions of the individual regular pieces and by carefully selecting the size of the regular pieces, in this connection perhaps mixing differently shaped regular pieces and by selecting the density of the material, it is possible to produce insulation layers, in which the air permeability figure ℓ for instance will be 10-20-30-40-50-60 or 70 times as big as the air permeability figure Y, for a conventional insulation.
- The regular pieces may be produced in several ways and they may have any imaginable shape. They may for instance be cut from conventionally produced insulation plates, they may be made from a carded fibrous material, which after the admixture of a bonding agent is being pressed into a rigid shape and dried, they may be produced by moulding a wet fibrous mass or plastics foam, by extrusion or by other known methods for producing bodies of a regular, rigid shape.
- The bodies to be used are shaped in such a way that they will not pack densely. A preferred shape according to the invention is a hexaedric body, i.e. shaped as a cube or box, the length and width of which is not a multiplum of height.
- By way of example may be mentioned bodies, in which the dimensions L x W x H for instance are 25 x 15 x 10, 40 x 35 x 25 or 80 x 60 x 35 mm.
- If the pieces aremade by cutting from a conventional insulation plate of mineral wool, they are cut in such a way that the L and W dimensions are in the plane of the plate and the H dimension corresponds to the thickness of the plate. By doing this the smallest dimension = H is placed in the direction in which the risk of delamination of mineral wool products are biggest, which gives a very high degree of rigidity and regularity of the bodies.
- When the bodies are made from mineral wool, densities of from 20 to 120 kg/m3 can be used, and preferably a density of about 50 - 70 kg/m3. The relative density or specific weight (the weight of the insulation material after having been blown in and after having been deposited) will then 3 3 be from 20 to 80 kg/m , and preferably from 30 to 50 kg/m3.
- To illucidate the difference between conventional insulating layers and insulating layers according to the invention, the only figure of the drawing shows diagrammatically the ℓ-values for mineral wool made of rock wool fibers. The diagram is known from Rockwool A/S's Insulating Manual, 2nd edition.
- From the drawing can be seen that the air permeability figured with the dimensionaly of m4/hN for conventionally produced rock wool products is within the range from L= 0.02 to ℓ = 0.8, the t-value being marked as a function of the density. By way of comparison it is shown that an insulating example of bodies with regular and rigid shape and having the dimensions 35 x 40 x 25 and a density of 50 kg/m3 after being blown in will have a ℓ-value of 4.5 m4/hN. From the diagram can be seen that a conventional insulation with a density of 50 kg/m3 has a. ℓ-value of 0.18 m4/hN, which makes the air permeability of the insulation layer according to the invention 25 times as big as in the case of a conventional insulation.
- In a test air velocities of approx.1-2 m/h has been measured with horisontal insulating layers according to the invention at a drop of pressure through the insulation of 0.015 - 0.025 mm VS/m and natural draught conditions.
- By natural draught conditions is in this connection understood a free wind affecting the construction on the outside and having a velocity of 3-5 m/sec., and that the construction has been provided with ventilation openings to the outside as common in service spaces in foundations.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86108984T ATE51049T1 (en) | 1985-07-04 | 1986-07-02 | VENTILATED INSULATION OF CAVIES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK304885A DK151820B (en) | 1985-07-04 | 1985-07-04 | VENTILATED VOLUME INSULATION |
DK3048/85 | 1985-07-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0208246A1 true EP0208246A1 (en) | 1987-01-14 |
EP0208246B1 EP0208246B1 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
Family
ID=8118500
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86108984A Expired - Lifetime EP0208246B1 (en) | 1985-07-04 | 1986-07-02 | Ventilated insulating of hollow spaces |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0208246B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE51049T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3669555D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK151820B (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2618817A (en) * | 1945-12-12 | 1952-11-25 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Insulation material |
FR2384049A1 (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1978-10-13 | Central Glass Co Ltd | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BLOCKS OF EMBEDDED FIBERS |
DE2933501A1 (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1981-03-26 | Udo Ing.(grad.) 34277 Fuldabrück Stahr | External cavity wall damp proof insulation filling - has air envelopes of size preventing occurrence of capillary effect |
DE2946540A1 (en) * | 1979-11-17 | 1981-05-21 | Staudenmayer GmbH, 7335 Salach | Foam filled GRP acoustic insulation component - damp lightweight particles coated with polyurethane are foamed up inside coated GRP |
CA1116994A (en) * | 1979-08-03 | 1982-01-26 | Robert B. Simpson | Manufacture of glass fibre blowing wool |
-
1985
- 1985-07-04 DK DK304885A patent/DK151820B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1986
- 1986-07-02 DE DE8686108984T patent/DE3669555D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-02 AT AT86108984T patent/ATE51049T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-02 EP EP86108984A patent/EP0208246B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2618817A (en) * | 1945-12-12 | 1952-11-25 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Insulation material |
FR2384049A1 (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1978-10-13 | Central Glass Co Ltd | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BLOCKS OF EMBEDDED FIBERS |
CA1116994A (en) * | 1979-08-03 | 1982-01-26 | Robert B. Simpson | Manufacture of glass fibre blowing wool |
DE2933501A1 (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1981-03-26 | Udo Ing.(grad.) 34277 Fuldabrück Stahr | External cavity wall damp proof insulation filling - has air envelopes of size preventing occurrence of capillary effect |
DE2946540A1 (en) * | 1979-11-17 | 1981-05-21 | Staudenmayer GmbH, 7335 Salach | Foam filled GRP acoustic insulation component - damp lightweight particles coated with polyurethane are foamed up inside coated GRP |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK304885D0 (en) | 1985-07-04 |
DK151820B (en) | 1988-01-04 |
DK304885A (en) | 1985-12-18 |
ATE51049T1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
DE3669555D1 (en) | 1990-04-19 |
EP0208246B1 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
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