EP0206431B1 - Capping device for the protection of the nozzle region of an ink jet print head - Google Patents
Capping device for the protection of the nozzle region of an ink jet print head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0206431B1 EP0206431B1 EP86201093A EP86201093A EP0206431B1 EP 0206431 B1 EP0206431 B1 EP 0206431B1 EP 86201093 A EP86201093 A EP 86201093A EP 86201093 A EP86201093 A EP 86201093A EP 0206431 B1 EP0206431 B1 EP 0206431B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ink jet
- capping device
- print head
- jet print
- cavity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/165—Preventing or detecting of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
- B41J2/16505—Caps, spittoons or covers for cleaning or preventing drying out
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cover device for protecting the nozzle area of an ink jet print head, which is sealingly releasably applied to the ink jet print head and forms a cavity open to the nozzles, in which ink liquid is conveyed through the nozzles.
- Such covering devices known from DE-OS 29 29 742 and DE-OS 3237411 are used as components of a writing device to cover the ink jet writing head of the writing device at certain intervals for cleaning purposes. For this purpose, such cover devices are pressed against the end region of the ink jet recording head until the cleaning process is finished.
- an ink jet recorder which has a cap device covering the tip of the write head and a suction device.
- the suction device is connected to the cap device in order to generate a negative pressure in the space formed by the cap arrangement when it is in a position in which the writing head is covered.
- the invention is based on the object to provide measures to a filled with ink liquid ink jet head for a long time, especially as an individual part, for. B. as a spare part, can be stored and transported without the risk of drying of the ink liquid in the nozzle area and without trapped or penetrating air bubbles can lead to a chemical change in the ink liquid.
- the cover device according to the invention is positively attached to the respective inkjet print head and forms a closed unit with the latter during storage or transport or even during long idle times of the write device, so that the cavity keeping the nozzle area wet cannot dry out even after a long time .
- This unit also prevents air from entering the vicinity of the nozzles, which must be feared, in particular, when the temperature changes.
- At least part of the cavity can have elastically stretchable walls.
- an ink expansion tank communicating with the cavity can also be advantageously provided, the volume of which can be increased elastically.
- the cover device according to the invention is particularly simple in construction and easy to assemble if it is constructed as a funnel-like, rotationally symmetrical element, the filling side of which, with an end ring surface, rests radially outside the area of the nozzles on the end face of the ink jet recording head via an elastically flexible seal and thus forms the cavity to the nozzles and whose outlet pipe contains the ventilation channel and is closed by a screw cap.
- a reliable fastening possibility results from the fact that the cover device is screwed to the ink jet writing head by means of a union nut which allows the discharge pipe to pass through.
- the solution is provided that the cover device is fastened to the ink jet writing head by means of a fastening cap that passes through the discharge pipe centrally and encompasses the cover device on all sides, which has at least two symmetrically distributed, radially inwardly extending projections which, at a predetermined angular position, have gaps between openings Holding elements of the ink jet recording head can be passed through and can be hooked behind the holding elements by a rotary movement.
- Such holding elements can be formed in a simple manner by an annular disk element which has at least two flats arranged symmetrically distributed around the circumference and forming the passage gaps.
- the annular disk element can advantageously, if appropriate together with a connecting element serving to fasten other auxiliary elements, be fastened on a rotationally symmetrical attachment of the ink jet recording head.
- a particularly reliable method for producing a cover device according to the invention is characterized in that the cover device is fastened to the ink jet recording head when the venting channel is open, and then ink liquid is conveyed through the nozzles into the cavity of the covering device and through the venting channel to the outside until no air pockets are more noticeable in the cavity, and that finally the opening of the ventilation channel is closed.
- the figure shows a cross section through the nozzle area of an ink jet recording head with an applied covering device.
- the ink jet recording head 1 consists of a nozzle channel block 3 made of plastic, forming ink channels 2, on the end face of which a nozzle plate 4 is pressed tightly.
- the pressing forces are applied by a cover element 5 which is pulled against the nozzle plate 4 by means of a union nut 6.
- the union nut 6 is screwed onto the metallic threaded ring 23, which is fastened together with an annular disk element 20 on a cylindrical extension of the ink jet writing head.
- the covering device designated overall by 7, forms a cavity 8 completely filled with ink liquid, which extends radially inside the sealing disk 9 and the filling-side, compact covering part 10 of a funnel-shaped, rotationally symmetrical element.
- the outflow pipe 11 forms the vent hole 12, which in the figure is sealed airtight via a seal 13 by the screw cap 14 screwed onto the external thread of the outflow pipe.
- a fastening cap 15 is rotatably guided and axially secured by a snap ring 16.
- the fastening cap 15 has at least two holding arms 18 directed radially inward from the cylindrical inner surface, which can be guided over flats 19 of the annular disk element 20 forming gaps (left half of the figure) and can be hooked behind a non-flattened area of the annular disk element after rotation (right half the Figure).
- the fastening cap 15 is pressed firmly towards the ink jet writing head, the sealing disk 9 being compressed. Then the fastening cap 15 can be rotated slightly by the desired angle for fixing.
- the screw cap is removed. Then, by means of any pump device, for example a peristaltic pump, ink liquid is pumped from a reservoir through the ink channels 2 and the nozzles 21 and the excursion bores 22 of the cover element 5 into the cavity 8. The pumping process is continued until air-free ink liquid escapes from the opening of the ventilation channel 12, which is then closed again by screwing on the screw cap 14.
- any pump device for example a peristaltic pump
- An ink jet recording head covered by the covering device designed according to the invention can be stored for a long time.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Abdeckeinrichtung zum Schutz des Düsenbereichs eines Tintenstrahlschreibkopfes, welche dichtend an den Tintenstrahlschreibkopf lösbar angelegt ist und einen zu den Düsen hin offenen Hohlraum bildet, in welchen durch die Düsen Tintenflüssigkeit gefördert wird.The invention relates to a cover device for protecting the nozzle area of an ink jet print head, which is sealingly releasably applied to the ink jet print head and forms a cavity open to the nozzles, in which ink liquid is conveyed through the nozzles.
Derartige nach der DE-OS 29 29 742 und der DE-OS 3237411 bekannte Abdeckeinrichtungen werden als Bestandteile einer Schreibeinrichtung dazu verwendet, den Tintenstrahlschreibkopf der Schreibeinrichtung in gewissen Abständen für Reinigungszwecke abzudecken. Zu diesem Zweck werden solche Abdeckeinrichtungen gegen den Stirnbereich des Tintenstrahischreibkopfes gepreßt, bis der Reinigungsvorgang beendet ist.Such covering devices known from DE-OS 29 29 742 and DE-OS 3237411 are used as components of a writing device to cover the ink jet writing head of the writing device at certain intervals for cleaning purposes. For this purpose, such cover devices are pressed against the end region of the ink jet recording head until the cleaning process is finished.
Aus der DE-A-3 040 055 ist ein Tintenstrahlschreiber bekannt, welcher eine die Schreibkopfspitze abdeckende Kappenvorrichtung und eine Saugvorrichtung aufweist. Die Saugvorrichtung ist an die Kappenvorrichtung angeschlossen, um in dem von der Kappenanordnung, wenn sich diese in einer Stellung befindet, in der der Schreibkopf abgedeckt wird, gebildeten Raum einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen.From DE-A-3 040 055 an ink jet recorder is known which has a cap device covering the tip of the write head and a suction device. The suction device is connected to the cap device in order to generate a negative pressure in the space formed by the cap arrangement when it is in a position in which the writing head is covered.
Der Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, Maßnahmen vorzusehen, um einen mit Tintenflüssigkeit gefüllten Tintenstrahlschreibkopf über lange Zeit, insbesondere auch als Einzelteil, z. B. als Ersatzteil, lagern und transportieren zu können, ohne daß die Gefahr des Eintrocknens der Tintenflüssigkeit im Düsenbereich besteht und ohne daß eingeschlossene oder eindringende Luftblasen zu einer chemischen Veränderung der Tintenflüssigkeit führen können.The invention is based on the object to provide measures to a filled with ink liquid ink jet head for a long time, especially as an individual part, for. B. as a spare part, can be stored and transported without the risk of drying of the ink liquid in the nozzle area and without trapped or penetrating air bubbles can lead to a chemical change in the ink liquid.
Die Lösung gelingt dadurch, daß die Abdeckeinrichtung formschlüssig am Tintenstrahlschreibkopf befestigt ist und daß der Hohlraum einen schließbaren, zur Außenluft hin führenden Entlüftungskanal aufweist. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The solution is achieved in that the cover device is positively attached to the ink jet recording head and in that the cavity has a closable ventilation duct leading to the outside air. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Abdeckeinrichtung ist formschlüssig fest am jeweiligen Tintenstrahtschreibkopf befestigt und bildet mit diesem wä4- rend der Lagerung oder des Transports oder auch während längerer Stillstandszeiten der Schreibeinrichtung eine nach außen abgeschlossene Einheit, so daß der den Düsenbereich naß haltende Hohlraum auch nach langer Zeit nicht austrocknen kann. Diese Einheit verhindert auch das Eindringen von Luft in die Nachbarschaft der Düsen, was insbesondere bei Temperaturwechsein befürchtet werden muß.The cover device according to the invention is positively attached to the respective inkjet print head and forms a closed unit with the latter during storage or transport or even during long idle times of the write device, so that the cavity keeping the nozzle area wet cannot dry out even after a long time . This unit also prevents air from entering the vicinity of the nozzles, which must be feared, in particular, when the temperature changes.
Damit Volumenschwankungen der Tintenflüssigkeit ohne nennenswerte Druckänderungen ausgeglichen werden können, kann zumindest ein Teil des Hohlraums elastisch dehnbare Wandungen haben. Aus dem gleichen Grunde kann auch vorteilhaft ein mit dem Hohlraum kommunizierender Tintenausgleichsbehälter vorgesehen sein, dessen Volumen elastisch vergrößerbar ist.So that volume fluctuations in the ink liquid can be compensated for without any noteworthy changes in pressure, at least part of the cavity can have elastically stretchable walls. For the same reason, an ink expansion tank communicating with the cavity can also be advantageously provided, the volume of which can be increased elastically.
Besonders einfach aufgebaut und leicht montierbar ist die erfindungsgemäße Abdeckeinrichtung, wenn sie als trichterartiges drehsymmetrisches Element aufgebaut ist, dessen Füllseite mit einer Stirnringfläche über eine elastisch nachgiebige Dichtung radial außerhalb des Bereichs der Düsen an der Stirnseite des Tintenstrahlschreibkopfes anliegt und derart den Hohlraum zu den Düsen bildet und dessen Ausflußrohr den Entlüftungskanal enthält und durch eine Schraubkappe verschlossen ist.The cover device according to the invention is particularly simple in construction and easy to assemble if it is constructed as a funnel-like, rotationally symmetrical element, the filling side of which, with an end ring surface, rests radially outside the area of the nozzles on the end face of the ink jet recording head via an elastically flexible seal and thus forms the cavity to the nozzles and whose outlet pipe contains the ventilation channel and is closed by a screw cap.
Eine zuverlässige Befestigungsmöglichkeit ergibt sich dadurch, daß die Abdeckeinrichtung mittels einer das Ausflußrohr hindurchlassenden Überwurfmutter am Tintenstrahlschreibkopf verschraubt ist. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch die Lösung vorgesehen, daß die Abdeckeinrichtung mittels einer das Ausflußrohr zentral hindurchlassenden, die Abdeckeinrichtung allseitig umfassenden Befestigungskappe am Tintenstrahlschreibkopf befestigt ist, welche mindestens zwei symmetrisch am Umfang verteilte, sich radial nach innen erstreckende Vorsprünge aufweist, welche bei vorgegebener Winkelstellung durch Durchführungslücken zwischen Halteelemente des Tintenstrahlschreibkopfes hindurchführbar und durch eine Drehbewegung hinter die Halteelemente verhakbar sind.A reliable fastening possibility results from the fact that the cover device is screwed to the ink jet writing head by means of a union nut which allows the discharge pipe to pass through. Preferably, however, the solution is provided that the cover device is fastened to the ink jet writing head by means of a fastening cap that passes through the discharge pipe centrally and encompasses the cover device on all sides, which has at least two symmetrically distributed, radially inwardly extending projections which, at a predetermined angular position, have gaps between openings Holding elements of the ink jet recording head can be passed through and can be hooked behind the holding elements by a rotary movement.
Solche Halteelemente können in einfacher Weise durch ein Ringscheibenelement gebildet sein, welches mindestens zwei symmetrisch verteilt am Umfang angeordnete, die Durchführungslücken bildende Abflachungen besitzt. Das Ringscheibenelement kann vorteilhaft, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit einem zur Befestigung sonstiger Hilfselemente dienenden Verbindungselement, auf einem drehsymmetrischen Ansatz des Tintenstrahlschreibkopfes befestigt sein.Such holding elements can be formed in a simple manner by an annular disk element which has at least two flats arranged symmetrically distributed around the circumference and forming the passage gaps. The annular disk element can advantageously, if appropriate together with a connecting element serving to fasten other auxiliary elements, be fastened on a rotationally symmetrical attachment of the ink jet recording head.
Ein besonders zuverlässiges Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Abdeckeinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abdeckeinrichtung bei geöffnetem Entlüftungskanal am Tintenstrahlschreibkopf befestigt wird, daß danach durch die Düsen solange Tintenflüssigkeit in den Hohlraum der Abdeckeinrichtung und durch den Entlüftungskanal nach außen gefördert wird, bis keine Lufteinschlüsse im Hohlraum mehr feststellbar sind, und daß schließlich die Öffnung des Entlüftungskanals verschlossen wird.A particularly reliable method for producing a cover device according to the invention is characterized in that the cover device is fastened to the ink jet recording head when the venting channel is open, and then ink liquid is conveyed through the nozzles into the cavity of the covering device and through the venting channel to the outside until no air pockets are more noticeable in the cavity, and that finally the opening of the ventilation channel is closed.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Beschreibung eines in der Zeichnung dargstellten, besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the description of a particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
Die Figur zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Düsenbereich eines Tintenstrahlschreibkopfes mit einer aufgebrachten Abdeckeinrichtung.The figure shows a cross section through the nozzle area of an ink jet recording head with an applied covering device.
Der Tintenstrahlschreibkopf 1 besteht aus einem Tintenkanäle 2 bildenden Düsenkanalblock 3 aus Kunststoff, auf dessen Endstirnseite eine Düsenplatte 4 eng angeschmiegt aufgedrückt ist. Die Andruckkräfte werden durch ein Abdeckelement 5 aufgebracht, welches mittels einer Überwurfmutter 6 gegen die Düsenplatte 4 gezogen ist. Die Überwurfmutter 6 ist auf den metallischen Gewindering 23 geschraubt, welcher gemeinsam mit einem Ringscheibenelement 20 auf einem zylindrischen Ansatz des Tintenstrahischreibkopfes befestigt ist.The ink
Die Abdeckeinrichtung, insgesamt mit 7 bezeichnet, bildet einen mit Tintenflüssigkeit vollständig gefüllten Hohlraum 8, welcher sich radial innerhalb der Dichtungsscheibe 9 und des füllseitigen gedrungenen Abdeckteils 10 eines trichterförmigen, drehsymmetrischen Elements erstreckt. Das Ausflußrohr 11 bildet die Entlüftungsbohrung 12, welche in der Figur über eine Dichtung 13 durch die auf das Außengewinde des Ausflußrohrs geschraubte Schraubkappe 14 luftdicht verschlossen ist.The covering device, designated overall by 7, forms a
Auf dem Ausflußrohr 11 ist eine Befestigungskappe 15 drehbar geführt und durch einen Sprengring 16 axial gesichert. Die Befestigungskappe 15 weist mindestens zwei radial von der zylindrischen Innenfläche nach innen gerichtete Haltearme 18 auf, welche über Durchführungslücken bildende Abflachungen 19 des Ringscheibenelements 20 führbar (linke Hälfte der Figur) und nach einer Drehung hinter einen nicht abgeflachten Bereich des Ringscheibenelements verhakbar sind (rechte Hälfte der Figur). Zu diesem Zweck wird die Befestigungskappe 15 kräftig zum Tintenstrahlschreibkopf hingedrückt, wobei die Dichtungsscheibe 9 komprimiert wird. Danach läßt sich die Befestigungskappe 15 zur Festlegung leicht um den gewünschten Winkel verdrehen.On the
Diese Drehung wird nicht auf die Dichtungsscheibe 9 übertragen, so daß keine Schmutzpartikel bildenden Abriebkräfte entstehehn. Die Tintenflüssigkeit bleibt sauber.This rotation is not transmitted to the sealing washer 9, so that there are no abrasion forces forming dirt particles. The ink remains clean.
Zur Füllung des Hohlraums 8 wird die Schraubkappe entfernt. Dann wird mittels einer beliebigen Pumpeinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Schlauchpumpe, Tintenflüssigkeit aus einem Vorratsbehälter durch die Tintenkanäle 2 und die Düsen 21 sowie die Ausflugbohrungen 22 des Abdeckelements 5 in den Hohlraum 8 gepumpt. Der Pumpvorgang wird so lange fortgesetzt, bis lufteinschlußfreie Tintenflüssigkeit aus der Öffnung des Entlüftungskanals 12 ausdringt, welcher danach durch Aufschrauben der Schraubkappe 14 wieder geschlossen wird.To fill the
Es ist vorteilhaft möglich, die Bodenwandung der Schraubkappe 14 im mittleren Bereich elastisch auszubilden, so daß die Schraubkappe einen Tintenausgleichsbehälter bildet, dessen Volumen elastisch vergrößerbar ist, und ein Volumenausgleich bei Temperaturschwankungen möglich ist.It is advantageously possible to form the bottom wall of the
Ein durch die erfindungsgemäß gestaltete Abdeckeinrichtung abgedeckter Tintenstrahlschreibkopf kann lange Zeit gelagert werden. Mechanische Schockeinwirkungen, welche unvermeidbar beim Transport durch Stoßbelastungen entstehen, können nicht dazu führen, daß Luft in die Nähe der Düsen gelangt.An ink jet recording head covered by the covering device designed according to the invention can be stored for a long time. Mechanical shocks, which are unavoidable during transport due to shock loads, cannot lead to air getting near the nozzles.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853522799 DE3522799A1 (en) | 1985-06-26 | 1985-06-26 | COVER DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE NOZZLE AREA OF AN INK JET PRINT HEAD |
DE3522799 | 1985-06-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0206431A1 EP0206431A1 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
EP0206431B1 true EP0206431B1 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
Family
ID=6274204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86201093A Expired EP0206431B1 (en) | 1985-06-26 | 1986-06-23 | Capping device for the protection of the nozzle region of an ink jet print head |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4707714A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0206431B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS61297150A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3522799A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3830811A1 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-23 | Minolta Camera Kk | Image recording system |
KR940010881B1 (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1994-11-19 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | Recording apparatus |
AU635562B2 (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1993-03-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording head with cover |
US5717444A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1998-02-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Suction recovery device and ink jet recording apparatus using the device |
CA2062416C (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-12-30 | Seiichiro Karita | Ink jet recording head and method for preserving same |
US5216449A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1993-06-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Rounded capillary vent system for ink-jet printers |
JP3222673B2 (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2001-10-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | Cap mechanism, inkjet device and information processing system |
JP3324629B2 (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 2002-09-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Storage case for inkjet printing unit |
KR0146534B1 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1998-08-17 | 김광호 | The circuit and method to control print head of ink jet printer |
US6283576B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-09-04 | Xerox Corporation | Ventable ink jet printhead capping and priming assembly |
KR100389859B1 (en) * | 2000-06-24 | 2003-07-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Capping apparatus of ink jet printer head |
JP4626264B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2011-02-02 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Recording head storage device and storage method |
JP2012183741A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-27 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid jetting device |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5121439A (en) * | 1974-08-14 | 1976-02-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Inkujetsutohetsudo |
US4045802A (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1977-08-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Ink ejection printing apparatus comprising automatically actuated ejection orifice cap |
DE2919727A1 (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-11-20 | Olympia Werke Ag | DEVICE FOR CLOSING THE NOZZLE AREA ON AN INK WRITING HEAD |
DE2929742A1 (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-02-19 | Olympia Werke Ag | Suction cap for ink jet printer head - has spring loaded cap that is actuated to apply suction to print head nozzles |
DE3040055A1 (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-05-14 | Canon K.K., Tokyo | INK PENS |
JPS5862057A (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1983-04-13 | Canon Inc | Capping device of ink jet nozzle |
DE3207072A1 (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1983-09-15 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | COVER AND CLEANING DEVICE FOR INK WRITING HEADS |
-
1985
- 1985-06-26 DE DE19853522799 patent/DE3522799A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-06-23 DE DE8686201093T patent/DE3662663D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-23 EP EP86201093A patent/EP0206431B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-23 JP JP61145042A patent/JPS61297150A/en active Pending
- 1986-06-25 US US06/878,168 patent/US4707714A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4707714A (en) | 1987-11-17 |
JPS61297150A (en) | 1986-12-27 |
DE3662663D1 (en) | 1989-05-11 |
DE3522799A1 (en) | 1987-01-08 |
EP0206431A1 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
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