EP0204368A2 - Suspension of a gutter - Google Patents
Suspension of a gutter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0204368A2 EP0204368A2 EP86200915A EP86200915A EP0204368A2 EP 0204368 A2 EP0204368 A2 EP 0204368A2 EP 86200915 A EP86200915 A EP 86200915A EP 86200915 A EP86200915 A EP 86200915A EP 0204368 A2 EP0204368 A2 EP 0204368A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brackets
- gutter
- roof
- building according
- tiles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/064—Gutters
- E04D13/072—Hanging means
- E04D13/0722—Hanging means extending mainly under the gutter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/064—Gutters
- E04D13/072—Hanging means
- E04D13/0725—Hanging means situated above or inside the gutter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/178—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the eaves of the roof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a building having a slooping roof with tiles and a gutter being suspended by brackets which are fastened to the top surface of the roof under the tiles.
- Such a building is known from FR-A-1 234 077.
- the roof of the building according to said French publication has a gutter suspended by brackets fastened on the roof spars, however, water leakages arriving under the tiles cannot flow into the gutter as the gutter has a position entirely in front of the spars. Further for each roof pitch brackets of different length and/or shape must be used to be able to get the gutter bottom substantially horizontal.
- the invention seeks to obviate the shortcomings of known roof gutter suspension constructions and to provide a building of which the gutter is easily replaceable while water leakages always flow into the gutter.
- the position and/or length of the brackets is adjustable, and the gutter has such a position under the protruding roof edge that water leakages arriving under the tiles can flow into the gutter.
- the gutter bottom By adjusting the length position of the brackets the gutter bottom can be set in a substantially horizontal position also if pitches of roofs are different.
- the invention is particularly relevant for a building whose roof comprises a boarding with battens and tile laths and the outwardly projecting end edge of the boarding being protected by a protective plate.
- the adjustable brackets permit rapid adaptation of the position of the gutter not only to the pitch of the roof but also to the thickness of the roof boarding. It will be preferable for the connection between the brackets and the bottom file batten to be adjustable. For this purpose each of the brackets can be passed through the bottom file batten, while an adjusting block supported against the bottom tile batten is screwed onto the threaded end portion of the bracket which passes through the tile batten.
- each of the brackets to pass through the bottom tile batten and for the end portion of the bracket which passes through the file batten to be provided with toothing adapted to co-operate interlockingly with the edges of the through holes in the bottom tile batten.
- the brackets may further consist of two portions which are adjustably connected so that the length of the brackets may be varied.
- a gutter which can easily be replaced and which can be installed in existing structures, and which can also receive water leakages penetrating under the tiles, is also attained if the suspension means consist of brackets supporting the gutter on the lower side, while in the upstanding portion of the brackets, which extends towards the fastening on the roof boarding, a pivot point is provided, and in the case of a cast construction the gutter can be fitted and the brickwork erected later on.
- this bottom tile batten It is not impossible for an ordinary wooden batten to be used as the bottom tile batten. Since this batten may serve other purposes apart from acting as a tile batten, for example for fastening the suspension brackets for the gutter, it is preferable for this bottom tile batten to be in the form of a sectional beam of metal or plastics material.
- a comb of this kind may be integral with, or clipped by a snap-on section, to a sectional member disposed over the beam serving as bottom tile batten, a ridge being provided on this sectional member to support the bottom tile without the latter coming into contact with the point where the comb merges into the sectional member.
- the ridge prevents the tiles from acting on the point where the teeth of the comb are fastened, so that fatigue fracture is avoided.
- roof boarding consisting of a roof board 1, an insulating layer 2, and a number of spaced laths 3 on which wooden tile battens 4 are fastened.
- this roof boarding rests on a wall plate 5, which is disposed on an outside wall 6, usually a cavity wall.
- the tile battens 4 serve to hold up the roof tiles 7, of which a projecting part 7a is always supported on a tile batten 4.
- the bottom tile batten is in the form of a sectional member 8 which is of metal or plastics material and has the shape of the Greek letter delta with a widened top.
- a protective plate 9 for the end edge of the roof board is fastened to this sectional member 8.
- a bracket 10 fastened to the roof boarding is used for securing the beam 8.
- Figures 1 and 3 show that the bottom edge of the protective plate 9 is curved cylindrically at 11, and that on this curved portion a cylindrically curved part 12 of the top edge of the inner wall of the gutter 13 rests. Immediately before the curved portion 11 the protective plate 9 is provided with openings 9' for the passage of leakage water to the gutter.
- the gutter 13 is fastened to the sectional member 8 by a bend.
- brackets 14 for the suspension of the gutter, the top edge of the outer wall of the gutter being fastened to these brackets.
- the brackets 14 extend through openings in the sectional beam 8.
- the end of the bracket passing through the beam 8 is provided with a screwthread, and an adjusting block 15 resting against a member 16 joined to the sectional member 8 is screwed onto that end. It will be clear that by screwing the adjusting blocks 15 further or less far onto the brackets 14 it will be possible to vary the position of the gutter 13 and to bring the bottom of the gutter into a horizontal position.
- the embodiment shown in figure 2 differs from that shown in figure 1 in that the brackets are provided with toothing 17 which for the purpose of fastening the brackets can co-operate with an approximately T-shaped opening in the sectional beam 8.
- brackets 18 which support the gutter 13 at its lower side and which are hinged at 19 to a fastening part 18a of the brackets. This part is fastened on the laths 3.
- Spacers 20 ensure in the embodiments shown in figures 1 and 3 that a certain clearance is maintained between the gutter and the wall 6, while openings 21 in the protective plate 9 ensure that leakage water will be discharged into the gutter 13.
- the embodiments illustrated have in common the feature that the suspension means for the gutter consist of brackets which are fastened to the surface of the roof boarding in such a manner that leakage water penetrating under the tiles can flow into the gutter.
- the gutter is easy to replace and can without difficulty be installed after the roof boarding has been placed in position.
- the roof boarding is well protected at its end edge. Since the suspension brackets are not fastened on the wall plate 5, thicker roof boarding does not necessarily means that the gutter must be made wider in order always to be able to receive the water flowing off. Moreover, the gutter can be fastened so securely that it is possible to stand and walk in it safely.
- a sectional member 22 to which a flexible comb 23 is fastened, is clipped over the beam 8.
- the comb 23 serves as a bird screen and prevents birds from penetrating between the roof boarding and the tiles. If the ridge 24 were not provided, the frequently slipping tiles would too often impose a load on the bending points of the teeth, so that the teeth would soon suffer fatigue fracture.
- brackets could have been made of two portions which are adjustably connected to each other so that the length of the brackets could be varied.
- the brackets could have a fixed connecting point with the beam or other place on top of the roof and the adjusting blocks 15 or toothing 17 could be cancelled.
- one of the bracket portions has an oblong slot and the other has a hole, a connecting screw or bolt being inserted through the slot and the hole.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a building having a slooping roof with tiles and a gutter being suspended by brackets which are fastened to the top surface of the roof under the tiles.
- Such a building is known from FR-A-1 234 077.
- In case of a roof having a boarding it is usual to fasten the brackets for the suspension of the gutter under the roof boarding to a deepened wall plate disposed on an outside wall. One shortcoming of this arrangement is that in order to replace the complete gutter it is necessary to damage and possibly replace the roof boarding. In addition, because of the high cost of energy there is a tendency to make the indulation layer in the roof boarding increasingly thicker, so that the gutter must be made increasingly wider in order that it will always be able to receive water flowing off the roof. Such wide gutters are expensive, while the suspension brackets must be made relatively heavy. It is not unknown for the gutter to be fastened to a batten mounted on the laths. A fastening of this kind makes it impossible for a person to stand in the gutter, while in addition water leakages arriving under the files cannot flow directly into the gutter.
- The roof of the building according to said French publication has a gutter suspended by brackets fastened on the roof spars, however, water leakages arriving under the tiles cannot flow into the gutter as the gutter has a position entirely in front of the spars. Further for each roof pitch brackets of different length and/or shape must be used to be able to get the gutter bottom substantially horizontal.
- The invention seeks to obviate the shortcomings of known roof gutter suspension constructions and to provide a building of which the gutter is easily replaceable while water leakages always flow into the gutter.
- For this purpose the position and/or length of the brackets is adjustable, and the gutter has such a position under the protruding roof edge that water leakages arriving under the tiles can flow into the gutter.
- By adjusting the length position of the brackets the gutter bottom can be set in a substantially horizontal position also if pitches of roofs are different.
- The invention is particularly relevant for a building whose roof comprises a boarding with battens and tile laths and the outwardly projecting end edge of the boarding being protected by a protective plate. The adjustable brackets permit rapid adaptation of the position of the gutter not only to the pitch of the roof but also to the thickness of the roof boarding. It will be preferable for the connection between the brackets and the bottom file batten to be adjustable. For this purpose each of the brackets can be passed through the bottom file batten, while an adjusting block supported against the bottom tile batten is screwed onto the threaded end portion of the bracket which passes through the tile batten.
- An other possible arrangement is for each of the brackets to pass through the bottom tile batten and for the end portion of the bracket which passes through the file batten to be provided with toothing adapted to co-operate interlockingly with the edges of the through holes in the bottom tile batten.
- In both cases it is very advantageous for the curved top edge of the inner wall of the gutter to rest hingedly on the curved bottom edge of the protective plate.
- The brackets may further consist of two portions which are adjustably connected so that the length of the brackets may be varied.
- The provision of a gutter which can easily be replaced and which can be installed in existing structures, and which can also receive water leakages penetrating under the tiles, is also attained if the suspension means consist of brackets supporting the gutter on the lower side, while in the upstanding portion of the brackets, which extends towards the fastening on the roof boarding, a pivot point is provided, and in the case of a cast construction the gutter can be fitted and the brickwork erected later on.
- It is not impossible for an ordinary wooden batten to be used as the bottom tile batten. Since this batten may serve other purposes apart from acting as a tile batten, for example for fastening the suspension brackets for the gutter, it is preferable for this bottom tile batten to be in the form of a sectional beam of metal or plastics material.
- It is known to prevent the entry of birds into the space between the tiles and the roof boarding with the aid of a flexible comb, generally called a "screen". A comb of this kind may be integral with, or clipped by a snap-on section, to a sectional member disposed over the beam serving as bottom tile batten, a ridge being provided on this sectional member to support the bottom tile without the latter coming into contact with the point where the comb merges into the sectional member. The ridge prevents the tiles from acting on the point where the teeth of the comb are fastened, so that fatigue fracture is avoided.
- The invention will now be explained more fully with reference to the drawings, in which three embodiments are illustrated more or less - schematically.
- Figure 1 is a cross-section of a part of a roof boarding resting on a wall plate, together with a gutter fastened in accordance with a first method of fastening.
- Figure 2 is a view in perspective of the roof boarding without the tiles, in which the gutter is attached by a second method of fastening.
- Figure 3 is a cross-section through a part of a roof boarding resting on a wall plate, together with a gutter attached by a third method of fastening.
- The roofs of the buildings shown in the drawings are provided with roof boarding consisting of a roof board 1, an insulating layer 2, and a number of spaced laths 3 on which wooden tile battens 4 are fastened. At its bottom edge this roof boarding rests on a
wall plate 5, which is disposed on anoutside wall 6, usually a cavity wall. As is usual, the tile battens 4 serve to hold up the roof tiles 7, of which a projectingpart 7a is always supported on a tile batten 4. - The bottom tile batten is in the form of a
sectional member 8 which is of metal or plastics material and has the shape of the Greek letter delta with a widened top. A protective plate 9 for the end edge of the roof board is fastened to thissectional member 8. - In the case of figure 1, a
bracket 10 fastened to the roof boarding is used for securing thebeam 8. - Figures 1 and 3 show that the bottom edge of the protective plate 9 is curved cylindrically at 11, and that on this curved portion a cylindrically
curved part 12 of the top edge of the inner wall of thegutter 13 rests. Immediately before the curved portion 11 the protective plate 9 is provided with openings 9' for the passage of leakage water to the gutter. In the embodiment shown in figures 2 and 3 thegutter 13 is fastened to thesectional member 8 by a bend. - In the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2 use is made of
overhang brackets 14 for the suspension of the gutter, the top edge of the outer wall of the gutter being fastened to these brackets. Thebrackets 14 extend through openings in thesectional beam 8. In the embodiment shown in figure 1 the end of the bracket passing through thebeam 8 is provided with a screwthread, and an adjustingblock 15 resting against amember 16 joined to thesectional member 8 is screwed onto that end. It will be clear that by screwing the adjustingblocks 15 further or less far onto thebrackets 14 it will be possible to vary the position of thegutter 13 and to bring the bottom of the gutter into a horizontal position. - The embodiment shown in figure 2 differs from that shown in figure 1 in that the brackets are provided with toothing 17 which for the purpose of fastening the brackets can co-operate with an approximately T-shaped opening in the
sectional beam 8. - In the embodiment shown in figure 3 the overhang brackets are replaced by
brackets 18 which support thegutter 13 at its lower side and which are hinged at 19 to a fasteningpart 18a of the brackets. This part is fastened on the laths 3. -
Spacers 20 ensure in the embodiments shown in figures 1 and 3 that a certain clearance is maintained between the gutter and thewall 6, while openings 21 in the protective plate 9 ensure that leakage water will be discharged into thegutter 13. - The embodiments illustrated have in common the feature that the suspension means for the gutter consist of brackets which are fastened to the surface of the roof boarding in such a manner that leakage water penetrating under the tiles can flow into the gutter. The gutter is easy to replace and can without difficulty be installed after the roof boarding has been placed in position. The roof boarding is well protected at its end edge. Since the suspension brackets are not fastened on the
wall plate 5, thicker roof boarding does not necessarily means that the gutter must be made wider in order always to be able to receive the water flowing off. Moreover, the gutter can be fastened so securely that it is possible to stand and walk in it safely. - In the embodiments shown it can be seen that a
sectional member 22, to which aflexible comb 23 is fastened, is clipped over thebeam 8. Aridge 24, on which the bottom tiles rest, is provided on thesectional member 22. Thecomb 23 serves as a bird screen and prevents birds from penetrating between the roof boarding and the tiles. If theridge 24 were not provided, the frequently slipping tiles would too often impose a load on the bending points of the teeth, so that the teeth would soon suffer fatigue fracture. - Various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. In particular the brackets could have been made of two portions which are adjustably connected to each other so that the length of the brackets could be varied. In that case the brackets could have a fixed connecting point with the beam or other place on top of the roof and the adjusting
blocks 15 or toothing 17 could be cancelled. For instance one of the bracket portions has an oblong slot and the other has a hole, a connecting screw or bolt being inserted through the slot and the hole.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86200915T ATE52299T1 (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1986-05-26 | GUTTER BRACKET. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8501559 | 1985-05-31 | ||
NL8501559A NL8501559A (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1985-05-31 | SUSPENSION OF A Gutter. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0204368A2 true EP0204368A2 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
EP0204368A3 EP0204368A3 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
EP0204368B1 EP0204368B1 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
Family
ID=19846071
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86200915A Expired - Lifetime EP0204368B1 (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1986-05-26 | Suspension of a gutter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0204368B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE52299T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3670665D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK163016C (en) |
NL (1) | NL8501559A (en) |
NO (1) | NO166247C (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0389058A1 (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-09-26 | Ubbink B.V. | Flashing for closing openings present between a straight and a profiled portion of a roof |
EP0553061A1 (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Jachen Dorta | Device for fixing to a roof |
WO1997018366A1 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-22 | Braas Gmbh | Securing device for the eaves region of a roof |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB191507478A (en) * | 1915-05-19 | 1916-05-19 | Charles Blyth Filkin | An Improved Support for Rain and like Pipes. |
US1414345A (en) * | 1921-03-23 | 1922-05-02 | Eeftink Herman | Eaves-trough hanger |
US1595716A (en) * | 1925-05-18 | 1926-08-10 | Ford Hugh | Eaves-trough hanger |
US1876553A (en) * | 1932-09-13 | Pany of america | ||
US2577006A (en) * | 1950-07-10 | 1951-12-04 | Dodson Pearl | Adjustable eaves trough support |
US2596553A (en) * | 1949-06-03 | 1952-05-13 | Charles W Henry | Adjustable eave gutter support or hanger |
US2733629A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Spring urged pivoted toggle bolt | ||
FR2211579A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-19 | Catnic Components Ltd | |
DE2832030A1 (en) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-01-31 | Wendker Gmbh & Co Kg | Combined roof gutter and eaves channel profile - has wedges and hinges compensating for varying slopes and purlin levels |
AU520380B2 (en) * | 1977-09-13 | 1982-01-28 | James Hardie & Coy Pty Limited | Bird-proof flashing |
GB2093494A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-09-02 | Hambleside Group Ltd | Roof Guttering and Fascia |
DE3149340A1 (en) * | 1981-12-12 | 1983-06-16 | Siegfried 6729 Hagenbach Lowinger | Self-cleaning roof gutter |
US4432518A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-02-21 | Navarre Robert J | Eaves trough bracket assembly |
-
1985
- 1985-05-31 NL NL8501559A patent/NL8501559A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1986
- 1986-05-26 AT AT86200915T patent/ATE52299T1/en active
- 1986-05-26 EP EP86200915A patent/EP0204368B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-26 DE DE8686200915T patent/DE3670665D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-27 DK DK247186A patent/DK163016C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-30 NO NO862151A patent/NO166247C/en unknown
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733629A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Spring urged pivoted toggle bolt | ||
US1876553A (en) * | 1932-09-13 | Pany of america | ||
GB191507478A (en) * | 1915-05-19 | 1916-05-19 | Charles Blyth Filkin | An Improved Support for Rain and like Pipes. |
US1414345A (en) * | 1921-03-23 | 1922-05-02 | Eeftink Herman | Eaves-trough hanger |
US1595716A (en) * | 1925-05-18 | 1926-08-10 | Ford Hugh | Eaves-trough hanger |
US2596553A (en) * | 1949-06-03 | 1952-05-13 | Charles W Henry | Adjustable eave gutter support or hanger |
US2577006A (en) * | 1950-07-10 | 1951-12-04 | Dodson Pearl | Adjustable eaves trough support |
FR2211579A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-19 | Catnic Components Ltd | |
AU520380B2 (en) * | 1977-09-13 | 1982-01-28 | James Hardie & Coy Pty Limited | Bird-proof flashing |
DE2832030A1 (en) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-01-31 | Wendker Gmbh & Co Kg | Combined roof gutter and eaves channel profile - has wedges and hinges compensating for varying slopes and purlin levels |
GB2093494A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-09-02 | Hambleside Group Ltd | Roof Guttering and Fascia |
DE3149340A1 (en) * | 1981-12-12 | 1983-06-16 | Siegfried 6729 Hagenbach Lowinger | Self-cleaning roof gutter |
US4432518A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-02-21 | Navarre Robert J | Eaves trough bracket assembly |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0389058A1 (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-09-26 | Ubbink B.V. | Flashing for closing openings present between a straight and a profiled portion of a roof |
EP0553061A1 (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Jachen Dorta | Device for fixing to a roof |
WO1997018366A1 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-22 | Braas Gmbh | Securing device for the eaves region of a roof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8501559A (en) | 1986-12-16 |
DE3670665D1 (en) | 1990-05-31 |
DK247186D0 (en) | 1986-05-27 |
EP0204368B1 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
EP0204368A3 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
DK163016C (en) | 1992-06-01 |
DK163016B (en) | 1992-01-06 |
DK247186A (en) | 1986-12-02 |
NO862151L (en) | 1986-12-01 |
NO166247B (en) | 1991-03-11 |
ATE52299T1 (en) | 1990-05-15 |
NO166247C (en) | 1991-06-19 |
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