EP0204303A2 - Entrée de courant conique pour des températures élévées pour des lampes à décharge céramiques - Google Patents

Entrée de courant conique pour des températures élévées pour des lampes à décharge céramiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204303A2
EP0204303A2 EP86107492A EP86107492A EP0204303A2 EP 0204303 A2 EP0204303 A2 EP 0204303A2 EP 86107492 A EP86107492 A EP 86107492A EP 86107492 A EP86107492 A EP 86107492A EP 0204303 A2 EP0204303 A2 EP 0204303A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inleads
ceramic
arc tube
seal
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86107492A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0204303A3 (fr
Inventor
Edmund M. Passmore
George L. Duggan
Robert G. Jenkins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
GTE Products Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GTE Products Corp filed Critical GTE Products Corp
Publication of EP0204303A2 publication Critical patent/EP0204303A2/fr
Publication of EP0204303A3 publication Critical patent/EP0204303A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ceramic arc tubes for high pressure discharge lamp applications. More particularly, the invention relates to end caps or plugs for sealing a ceramic arc tube which are capable of withstanding high temperatures while prolonging the life of the lamp.
  • High pressure discharge lamps using translucent polycrystalline alumina ceramic arc tubes which arc tubes withstand vapors of such corrosive metals as sodium (Na).
  • Zinc (Zn), and Thallium (Tl) as well as metal halides have a high luminous efficiency.
  • a high-intensity discharge lamp of the metal vapor type for example, comprises a ceramic arc tube holding metal vapors and a protective envelope surrounding the arc tube. Accordingly, the arc tube is required to have both good translucency of light and high corrosion resistivity against the light-emitting material sealed therein, such as sodium vapor or the metal halide vapor.
  • Translucent alumina ceramics have been found to meet the need for high corrosion resistivity and good translucency. Sealing of the electrical feedthroughs into the ends of the alumina arc tube presents a problem, because the alumina cannot be press sealed like fused quartz. Thus, although the quartz arc tube for mercury vapor lamps can be melted and sealed simply by heating it to a high temperature, the sealing of the alumina ceramics arc tube with the light-emitting material disposed therein requires a comparatively complicated process.
  • the conventional sealing process is limited by leakage of the light-emitting materials enclosed in the glass frit sealed ceramic arc tube due to the chemical reactivity and the wide sealing area of glass frit. exposure to a high operating temperature and thermal shock caused by on-off operation of the lamp.
  • the problem becomes more pronounced when the arc tube is used in a discharge lamp that provides high luminous efficacy and high color rendering, the alumina arc tube and end seals failing to attain the required reliability, including the corrosion resistivity at a high temperature and high pressure.
  • the problem with any of these seals utilizing glass frits is that the temperature of the polycrystalline aluminum oxide (PCA) arc tube end is limited to about 800° Celsius, i.e., about the same as quartz and well below the capability of the PCA tube, which operates typically at temperatures up to 1200°C or even higher in the center of the tube.
  • This limitation is largely due to the aggressive corrosion of the sealing glass by sodium, metal halide, and other fill constituents at higher temperatures. Such corrosion results in the progressive loss of sodium or other plasma discharge constituents by leakage or by chemical reaction with the glass frit. as well as eventual failure of the seal itself and consequently, the lamp. Both the life of the lamp and the quality of light are thereby limited.
  • a hermetically sealed ceramic arc tube for high intensity discharge lamps comprising a substantially cylindrical light transmissive polycrystalline ceramic body having a chamber. opposed ends and a longitudinal axis. Each of the opposed ends has a centrally located aperture through which the longitudinal axis intersects and the aperture has a substantially frusto-conical shape that narrows along said axis toward the chamber.
  • the arc tube also has a pair of electrically conductive inleads with electrodes having a substantially frusto-conical shaped portion disposed within and forming a mating relationship with each of the apertures.
  • each of the inleads has an included angle X which provides for an improved seal and improved centering of the electrodes within the ceramic body.
  • the arc tube has sealing glass disposed about the outside of the inleads and the opposed ends to ensure a hermetic seal, the inlead-ceramic body seal substantially preventing leakage of the sealing glass into the chamber.
  • an electric arc discharge lamp comprising an outer envelope and a hermetically-sealed ceramic arc discharge tube disposed within the outer envelope.
  • the arc tube comprises a substantially cylindrical light transmissive polycrystalline ceramic body having a chamber, opposed ends and a longitudinal axis. Each of the opposed ends has a centrally located aperture through which said longitudinal axis intersects and the aperture has a substantially frusto-conical shape that narrows along said axis toward the chamber.
  • the arc tube also has a pair of electrically conductive inleads with electrodes having a substantially frusto-conical shaped portion disposed within and forming a mating relationship with each of the apertures.
  • the inleads and ceramic body form a seal about the opposed ends.
  • the arc tube has sealing glass disposed about the outside of the inleads and the opposed ends to provide a hermetic seal, the inlead ceramic-body seal substantially preventing exposure of the sealing glass to the chamber.
  • a fill comprised of several constituents is located within the chamber of the arc tube.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates the end portion of a ceramic arc tube 10 typically made for high-pressure sodium lamps.
  • end portion 10 is comprised of a polycrystalline aluminum oxide (PCA) tube 12.
  • PCA polycrystalline aluminum oxide
  • chamber 14 located within tube 12.
  • a niobium tube 16 inserted into tube 12 at one end and an electrode 18 in contact with tube 16 having a light-emitting material 19 located about the electrode.
  • Niobium tube 16 and electrode 18 are sealed by glass frit 20.
  • the glass-sealing frit comprising alumina, calcium, magnesia and barium oxide being frequently used for this sealing purpose.
  • McVey et al A portion of sealing frit 20 is shown protruding into chamber 14 at point 22.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates the end portion 30 of a ceramic arc tube which may be used in either metal halide or metal vapor lamps.
  • Arc tube portion 30 is comprised of a PCA arc tube 32, a chamber 34 located within arc tube 32, a cermet inlead 36, anelectrode 38 in contact with cermet 36, and a light-emitting material 39 located about electrode 38.
  • the cermet-electrode combination are sealed into tube 32 by sealing frit 40, which is typically comprised of silica, alumina and yttria or magnesia.
  • Cermets such as cermet 36, are electrically conductive, refractory composites, typically comprising an interconnected network of molybdenum or tungsten within a matrix of dense, polycrystalline aluminum oxide.
  • Arc tube portion 30 also illustrates a portion of sealing frit 40 protruding into chamber 34. illustrated at point 42.
  • FIGs 1A and 1B expose portion 22 in arc tube 10 and expose portion 42 are areas where the glass sealing frit is exposed to the inner elements of the ceramic arc tube.
  • Figure 2A shows a glass sealing frit inside the arc tube with a niobium inlead (see also Fig. lA) and Figure 2B illustrates the glass sealing frit inside the arc tube chamber when using a cermet inlead. (see also Fig. 1B)
  • leakage of the glass frit around the prior art straight inleads occurs, whether niobium or cermet is used, so that a substantial area of the glass is exposed to the corrosive action of the sodium and/or other fill constituents.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are photographs of axial sections of conventional prior art seals in PCA tubes.
  • Figure 3A illustrates ceramic arc tube 50 (having a longitudinal axis L) which is comprised of a ceramic body (e.g. yttrium oxide) or polycrystalline aluminum oxide tube 52, an inner chamber 54 within arc tube 50, an electrical feed-through or conductive inlead 56, an electrode 58 connected to inlead 56 and a light-emitting material 59 located about electrode 58.
  • a ceramic body e.g. yttrium oxide
  • FIG. 3A illustrates that a seal made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention will result in substantially reduced or no glass frit leaks past conductive inlead 56 into chamber 54. specifically, point 62 as indicated.
  • a seal is formed by the ceramic body 52 and conductive inlead 56 interface, as indicated by the arrow as 64. The manner of obtaining the minimum spacing between the ceramic body and the cermet inlead at interface 64 will be discussed later.
  • conductive inlead 56 with electrode 58 and light-emitting material--39 is illustrated in an isometric view.
  • Electrically conductive inlead 56 has a substantially frusto-conical shape and is formed to be located within an aperture at opposed end 53 and to form a mating relationship with the aperture at the opposed end.
  • the apertures at each of the opposed ends are also formed in a substantially frusto-conical shape that narrow along a longitudinal axis L of tube 50 toward chamber 54.
  • the aperture at opposed end 53 intersects longitudinal axis L.
  • conductive inlead 56 and electrode 58 are concentric to axis L and are self-centering when placed in the aperture.
  • inlead 56 is made from a cermet material.
  • Figure 3C illustrates conductive inlead 56 without electrode 58 for purposes of illustrating that inlead 56 has a particular included angle X which is defined as illustrated.
  • the included angle X of inlead 56 has a value which falls within the range of about 3° to about 9 0 (degrees), the value preferably being about 6°.
  • a tapered cermet inlead is shown to illustrate one embodiment of the present invention, the latter is by no means limited to cermets or cermet material. (see e.g. 4,155,757 to Hing and 4,155,758 to Evans et al).
  • Niobium tubes. wires, rods, or any other inlead material such as titanium or zirconium borides can also be tapered and utilized in the same manner with equivalent resultant benefits.
  • the ceramic body inlead interface 64 has a spacing or maximum clearance of about 0.001 inch.
  • the object in a seal of this type is to achieve the lowest maximum clearance, that being zero spacing in the ceramic body-inlead interface 64 to prevent glass frit leakage into the chamber of the arc tube.
  • Figures 4A and 4B illustrate photographs of the axial section of the tapered inlead seal of Figure 3A. illustrating that there is no leakage of frit glass by the inlead into the discharge tube chamber.
  • Figures 5 and 6 are also provided to further illustrate how the glass sealing frit is not exposed to the inner chamber of the ceramic arc tube. Specifically.
  • Figure 5 shows a film of glass sealing frit slightly less than 0.001" thick.
  • the corresponding x-ray map shows by the calcium distribution that the frit does not extent beyond the interface into the discharge tube.
  • the width of the calcium distribution is indicated by the two arrows and is marked as "Y", Y being equal to about 0.001" or less.
  • this invention provides a tight seal by the use of a tapered electrical feed-through or cermet inlead. fitted snugly into a tapered aperture in the ends of the PCA tube.
  • substantially zero spacing or low maximum clearance is provided between the conductive inlead and the PCA tube.
  • the sealing glass frit then serves to provide a hermetic seal around the outside of the tube end and conductive inlead, but penetration of the glass frit around the inlead and into the discharge is minimized and ideally prevented. This in turn reduces the corrosive reactions between the fill constituents and the sealing glass to a negligible factor with consequent increases by 100° Celsius or more in the attainable operating temperature of the end seal.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP86107492A 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Entrée de courant conique pour des températures élévées pour des lampes à décharge céramiques Withdrawn EP0204303A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74016585A 1985-06-03 1985-06-03
US740165 1985-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204303A2 true EP0204303A2 (fr) 1986-12-10
EP0204303A3 EP0204303A3 (fr) 1988-11-02

Family

ID=24975326

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86107492A Withdrawn EP0204303A3 (fr) 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Entrée de courant conique pour des températures élévées pour des lampes à décharge céramiques

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0204303A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61284048A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401403A1 (fr) * 1989-06-06 1990-12-12 Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH Tube éclair
WO2008075273A1 (fr) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe à décharge haute pression ayant une chambre de décharge en céramique
CN101414540B (zh) * 2007-10-16 2012-06-27 优志旺电机株式会社 超高压放电灯
US8310157B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2012-11-13 General Electric Company Lamp having metal conductor bonded to ceramic leg member
CN110085508A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-02 傅志坤 一种金属卤化物陶瓷腔体及灯

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3419275B2 (ja) * 1997-09-30 2003-06-23 ウシオ電機株式会社 放電ランプのシール方法
JP4692617B2 (ja) * 2008-12-04 2011-06-01 ウシオ電機株式会社 放電ランプ

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1388226A (fr) * 1963-02-19 1965-02-05 Ass Elect Ind Perfectionnement aux lampes à décharge à vapeur métallique
US3531853A (en) * 1966-11-30 1970-10-06 Philips Corp Method of making a ceramic-to-metal seal
GB1410297A (en) * 1973-04-12 1975-10-15 Philips Electronic Associated High-pressure discharge lamp
EP0060582A1 (fr) * 1981-03-11 1982-09-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Corps composé
EP0136564A2 (fr) * 1983-09-02 1985-04-10 GTE Products Corporation Scellement de bout pour tubes à décharge à arc céramique
EP0136505B1 (fr) * 1983-09-06 1988-11-02 GTE Laboratories Incorporated Scellement direct entre niobium et céramique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1388226A (fr) * 1963-02-19 1965-02-05 Ass Elect Ind Perfectionnement aux lampes à décharge à vapeur métallique
US3531853A (en) * 1966-11-30 1970-10-06 Philips Corp Method of making a ceramic-to-metal seal
GB1410297A (en) * 1973-04-12 1975-10-15 Philips Electronic Associated High-pressure discharge lamp
EP0060582A1 (fr) * 1981-03-11 1982-09-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Corps composé
EP0136564A2 (fr) * 1983-09-02 1985-04-10 GTE Products Corporation Scellement de bout pour tubes à décharge à arc céramique
EP0136505B1 (fr) * 1983-09-06 1988-11-02 GTE Laboratories Incorporated Scellement direct entre niobium et céramique

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401403A1 (fr) * 1989-06-06 1990-12-12 Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH Tube éclair
US5091674A (en) * 1989-06-06 1992-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas discharge lamp with glass tube and seal members
WO2008075273A1 (fr) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe à décharge haute pression ayant une chambre de décharge en céramique
US8093815B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2012-01-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel directly sealed to a rod
CN101414540B (zh) * 2007-10-16 2012-06-27 优志旺电机株式会社 超高压放电灯
US8310157B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2012-11-13 General Electric Company Lamp having metal conductor bonded to ceramic leg member
CN110085508A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-02 傅志坤 一种金属卤化物陶瓷腔体及灯

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61284048A (ja) 1986-12-15
EP0204303A3 (fr) 1988-11-02

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