EP0198515B1 - Horse bit - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a bit for horses, which consists of a bit rod made of a one-piece, straight, circular arc-shaped or only centrally curved arc shaped body with an oval or circular, extending over the entire length of the bit length, uniform cross-section and with corrosion-resistant, bow-shaped end holes held in the end holes Elements, such as rings or the like, for fastening the reins.

Bits for horses are known in a wide variety of forms. Together, these bits have a bit rod that is made in one piece or in two parts, in the latter case the two bit parts are connected to one another via a joint or a chain, and which have holes at their outer ends for receiving the rings to which the reins are attached will. These bit rods are made of metallic materials, such as iron, with the disadvantage that a cold object is placed in the mouth of the horse when the bit is in the body temperature, so that numerous horses initially show a certain resistance due to a wide variety of reactions. At outside temperatures below 0 _° C, it is therefore necessary to warm the cooled bit in order to make the bit suitable for the milling temperature. Bite bars made of a rubber-coated steel or iron body or wire also have disadvantages in that they have a high level of abrasion, which has a disruptive effect on the behavior of the horse.

According to GB-A 1 071 436, a bit for horses is known in which the bit bar consists of a large number of combined parts made of rubber, nylon or a similar material having physical properties and metallic materials. The bit rod is formed by a molded body made of rubber, which is provided with a central longitudinal bore, which is used to receive a thread made of nylon, the ends of which are formed into eye-like receptacles. The ends of the shaped body have through-holes running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shaped body. The nylon thread is arranged in the longitudinal bore of the shaped body in such a way that its eyelet-shaped ends come to lie in the region of the through-holes in the ends of the shaped body. Cap-shaped housings, likewise provided with through-holes, are placed on the ends of the shaped body in such a way that the mutually aligned through-holes of each cap-shaped housing come to lie in the area of the through-hole in the shaped body and the eyelet of the nylon thread. The nylon thread and the cap-shaped housing are anchored to the shaped body by means of sleeves inserted into the mutually aligned through-bores, in which the rein rings are then held. According to this, the shaped body of the bit does not consist of a solid body: if the reins are pulled differently, the shaped body is twisted due to the fact that the shaped body is provided with a longitudinal bore, there is insufficient resilience of the bit after lifting a reins.

DE-A 138 594 describes a device for training horses, in which the movement of the auxiliary reins, which the rider holds in his hands, is transmitted to a lesser extent to the cables by means of translation rollers arranged on a saddle frame, which are attached to belts by means of sliding rollers, connect the curb and bridle, are slidably attached. The bit rod used in this device is provided with a central, arcuate section.

According to GB-A 1 481 262, a so-called Pelham bit for horses is known, in which the bit rod consists of two interconnected sections which widen conically from the center to the two bit rod ends and which have through-holes in their end regions, in which corrosion-resistant rings are arranged for fastening the reins. Since the bit rod consists of a metallic molded body which is encased by rubber, the bit rod is rigid, so that it is not possible to bend the bit rod when the reins are tightened, which is also undesirable when using such a Pelham bit. The use of such rigid, non-bendable bit rods often results in the bit rod being pressed against the horse's tongue when the reins are tightened, which can lead to injuries and, in particular, to blood congestion.

A further embodiment of a bit rod can be found in US Pat. No. 2,172,501. Here, too, the bit rod consists of a rigid, metallic molded body that is covered with rubber. The shaped bit body has an open, externally accessible eyelet for inserting a rein ring. In addition, disc-like molded rubber bodies are placed on the bit rod in the end regions.

From EP-A 0 017 959 a horse snaffle bit emerges, which consists of an optionally divided bracket, each having an annular bore at the lateral ends, through which a ring connected to the snaffle bit extends. The stirrup of this bit is thickened approximately in the middle between the two adjoining areas with soft transitions in order to achieve a better shape adaptation of the stirrup to the mouth anatomy of the horse, so that a command is given by the horse about the thickening in the middle tongue gap can be perceived. A rein pull exerted on this bit rod leads to a pressure load on the horse tongue, and only in the area of the thickened section of the bit rod, so that the resulting surface pressure can easily lead to a blood congestion in the horse tongue. In addition, the thickened central area of this bit does not allow resilient-elastic bending in order to relieve pressure on the horse's tongue when the reins are pulled. Rather, it takes place with a rein move a bending of the bit in the soft transition areas between the end portions and the central reinforced portion of the bit so that there can be a pressure in the side area of the horse's tongue and therefore commands that the horse is supposed to execute are not carried out, since this causes the tongue pressure Horse is caused to react differently.

In addition, according to a further embodiment of the bit according to EP-A 0 017 959, it consists of two bit parts which are connected to one another in the center via an articulated connection. This articulated connection is formed by two interlocking eyelets on the facing bit parts. Such a joint connection with bit rods has the disadvantage that when the reins are pulled, the bit rod bends sharply in the joint area, as a result of which the joint is pressed against the upper palate of the horse's mouth and injuries, among other things. bruising may also occur. In addition, such articulations are not able to automatically move the bit from the bent position back to the straight position.

US-A 1 530 401 relates to a bit for horses, the bit of which has in its end regions instead of bridle rings plate-shaped bodies to which the bridles are attached. The bit rod itself consists of a two-part shaped body, the division of the shaped body extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaped body and one part of the bit bar being held under the action of springs on the other part of the bit bar. No material details have been given for this bit, but it must be assumed that only materials available at that time could be used to manufacture the bit, namely metallic materials and rubber.

Bit rods made of rubber or of rubber-coated metal moldings have a very high abrasion due to the material properties of the rubber, which is promoted by the constant tongue movement of the horse and by its chewing movement. When the friction is high, the rubber material used wears out, with the result that the diameter of the bit is reduced very quickly, as horses, due to the constant movement of the tongue and the grinding and chewing movement in the horizontal direction, cause the bit to wear and destroy very quickly Contribute that are made of rubber or are covered with rubber.

The invention solves the problem of creating a bit rod for horses with a uniform cross section extending over the entire length of the bit, which is horse-friendly and tongue-friendly, does not allow material abrasion by the tongue movement of the horse and is always under tension in dressage, riding or driving stands and also contributes to the promotion of chewing, so that even horses with a sensitive mouth accept the bit, which ensures sufficient freedom of tongue and despite flexibility has a high stability and torsional rigidity.

To solve this problem, a bit for horses of the type mentioned is proposed, which according to the invention has the features characterized in claim 1.

• - Dadurch, daß das Gebiß aus einem fedemd-elastischen Werkstoff, einem vemetzten Polyurethan-Elastomer, besteht, werden die sonst bei der Anwendung von Gebissen aus Stahl und Eisen auftretenden Allergien vermieden und ein selbständiges Rückführen aus einer durch Zug abgebogenen Stellung in die Ausgangsstellung, unterstützt durch den in das Formkörpermaterial eingelassenen Steg, ermöglicht.
• - Durch die hohe Abriebfestigkeit erfolgt keine spanabhebende Oberflächen-Bearbeitung des Gebisses durch die Zungenbewegung des Pferdes gegenüber solchen Gebissen, die aus Gummi oder gummiummantelten Eisenstäben oder Stahldrähten bestehen, bei denen ein Abrieb ähnlich dem Radiereffekt wie bei einem Radiergummi erfolgt.
• - Eine statische Aufladung, die sonst bei metallischen Gebissen entstehen kann, wird vermieden.
• - Das Gebiß ist sehr zungenfreundlich.
• - Das Kauen wird gefördert.
• - Gute Zungenanlage an dem Gebiß durch die an diesem ausgebildeten Zungenanlageflächen.

With a bit designed in this way, a horse-friendly bit rod that is acceptable to any horse is created, which, although it consists of one piece, is very flexible and allows bending, particularly in the central area. The following additional advantages are achieved with the bit:

• The fact that the bit consists of a spring-elastic material, a cross-linked polyurethane elastomer, avoids the allergies that otherwise occur when using bits made of steel and iron, and enables the patient to return independently from a position bent by pulling it back to the starting position, supported by the web embedded in the molded body material.
• - Due to the high abrasion resistance, there is no machining of the bit by the tongue movement of the horse compared to bits that are made of rubber or rubber-coated iron bars or steel wires, which are subject to abrasion similar to the eraser effect as with an eraser.
• - A static charge, which can otherwise occur with metallic teeth, is avoided.
• - The bit is very tongue-friendly.
• - Chewing is encouraged.
• - Good tongue contact on the bit due to the tongue contact surfaces formed on it.

In addition to the advantages already stated, a bit rod designed in this way has the further advantage that, when the bridge is incorporated, no twisting or twisting of the bit rod is possible when the horse's teeth are exerted differently. This bit rod is preferably used in a horse bit designed as a curb. When the reins are tightened, a lever effect is exerted on the rod-shaped elements or bow-shaped elements holding the bit rod, as is the case, for example, with the Pelham bit, so that a better tension can be introduced into the horse by the reins. The use of a torsionally rigid, only one-way bendable web in the shaped body which forms the bit rod ensures that when the reins are tightened the two free ends of the bit rod are moved towards one another, with the result that the bit rod extends their already slightly pre-bent basic position continues to bend, but when the tension on the reins subsides, the bit rod springs back into its starting position, ie basic position, due to the special choice of material and the resilient-elastic web. In addition, there is no twisting or twisting of the bit when the reins are tightened unevenly, since the web embedded in the shaped body of the bit has a twist stiff profile body.

Even a bit that is bent in the form of a circular arc in the central area has a certain instability, i.e. Flexibility, despite sufficient stability, so that twisting or twisting of the bit rod is excluded even when the reins are tightened unevenly.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention emerges from the subclaim.

• Fig. 1 in einer Ansicht eine Gebißstange des Gebisses für Pferde,
• Fig. 2 in einr Ansicht von oben die Gebißstange gemäß Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 einen vergrößerten Schnitt gemäß Linie lll-111 in Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 eine schaubildliche Ansicht der Gebißstange,
• Fig. 5 in einer Ansicht von oben ein Gebiß für Pferde mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Gebißstange und
• Fig. 6 eine Vorderansicht der Gebißstange gemäß Fig. 5.

In the following the subject matter of the invention is explained in the drawings. It shows

• 1 is a view of a bit of the bit for horses,
• 2 is a top view of the bit according to FIG. 1,
• 3 shows an enlarged section along line III-111 in FIG. 2,
• 4 is a perspective view of the bit rod,
• Fig. 5 is a top view of a bit for horses with a further embodiment of a bit and
• 6 is a front view of the bit according to FIG. 5th

The bit for horses shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and designated by 200 consists of a bit rod which is designed as a shaped body 110 which is provided with through-holes 12, 13 on its shaped body ends 110a, 110b through which the bow-shaped elements 214, 215 are passed, which serve to connect the reins and to the curb cheek piece of the noseband, not shown in the drawing, and which consist of corrosion-resistant materials, such as chrome steel or the like.

The molded body 110 has approximately oval or circular cross sections and a continuous flattening 15 in the front area of the horse tongue (FIGS. 2 and 3).

The molded body 110 consists of an abrasion-resistant plastic, a crosslinked polyurethane elastomer, which is particularly - and this was surprising - suitable for the manufacture of the bit rod in order to achieve the stated advantages, so that the molded body 110 is resilient due to the rubber elasticity. has elastic properties and also a resilience, whereby it is achieved that if the ends of the shaped bodies 110a, 110b are slightly bent towards one another, these ends can be automatically returned to the stretched position, but on the other hand only a slight bending takes place when the reins are tightened can. Of particular note is the high uniformity of the surface of the molded body 110 achieved with these plastics, which then has sliding surface-like properties. Plastics with heat-releasing properties or heat-radiating properties can also be used. The horse tongue contact surface 15 serves not only as a contact surface for the horse tongue, but also as tongue protection.

It is particularly advantageous with this bit rod that the resilient elasticity of the molded body 110 means that when the molded body ends 11 Oa, 11 are slightly bent, they can be automatically returned to the predetermined basic position, but also on the other side with one Tightening the reins can turn.

The horse bit 200 according to FIG. 1 is a curb due to the bow-shaped elements 214, 215 used, the bow-shaped elements of which are connected in a manner known per se to the curb cheek piece of a noseband. Since both bow-shaped elements 214, 215 are of identical design, bow-shaped element 214 is described in more detail below.

This bow-shaped element 214 consists of a rod 216, the upper end of which carries a ring 217 to which the curb cheek piece or the cheek strap of the noseband is connected. This ring 217 is arranged at the free end of the rod 216 so that the imaginary extension of the rod runs through the center of the ring 217. The free lower end of the bow-shaped element 214 also has a ring 219, which, however, is laterally, ie offset from the rod 216, fastened to the latter (FIGS. 1 and 4).

In the central area, the rod 216 carries an upwardly directed half ring 218. The section 216 delimited by the half ring 218 is designated 216a. This section 216a provides the slide and guide section for the bit rod, i.e. for the molded body 110.

As shown in FIG. 2, the shaped body 110 of the bit rod of the bit 200 is pre-bent in a circular arc and has a web 50 which is surrounded by the material of the shaped body 110, i.e. is embedded in the material of the molded body. The length of the web 50 is shorter than the length of the molded body 110. This web 50 can also be pre-bent, specifically in accordance with the arcuate shape of the molded body 110. This web 50 incorporated into the molded body 110 prevents the bit rod from twisting when different tensile forces act on it, which are shown in FIG. 2 by the arrows Y, Y1 are indicated. The web 50 then consists of pre-bent spring steel.

The shaped body 110 with its web 50 is, however, designed such that a slight bending of the shaped body ends 11 Oa, 11 Ob in the direction of the arrows X is possible when the reins are tightened. Due to the material used for the production of the shaped body 110 and the web 50, the bit rod springs back into its basic position shown in FIG. 2 after a train acting on the bit rod has been canceled. This springing back or resetting is supported by the web 50, which, for example, consists of a pre-bent spring steel, which allows a turn in the direction of the arrows X, but does not allow a turn in the opposite direction. The web 50 is also designed as a profile body in order to be firmly integrated on the one hand with the material of the molded body 110 and on the other hand to increase the torsional rigidity of the bit rod. Regardless of that in the molded body 110 arranged web 50, the molded body 110 can also be provided with a central indentation, indicated at 120 in FIG. 1, which will be discussed in more detail below. In addition, both the molded body 110 and the web 50 can be designed to run in a straight line, that is to say they cannot have an arc shape, as can be seen from FIG. 1.

The bit shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and designated 300 also has a bit rod which is designed as a shaped body 310 which has through-holes 12, 13 at its shaped body ends 310a, 310b through which rings or bow-shaped elements 314, 315 are passed that are used to connect the reins and e.g. serve on the curb cheek piece of the noseband, not shown in the drawing.

The molded body 310 also has approximately oval or circular cross sections. A continuous flattening 15 is provided on the molded body 310 in the front area of the horse tongue. Two flattenings 15 formed adjacent to the shaped body ends 310a, 310b can also be provided (FIG. 5). This flattening 15 corresponds to the flattening on the molded body 110.

The molded body 310 also consists of the same materials as the molded body 110. It is particularly advantageous with this choice of material that the molded body 310 is resilient and also has a resilience, which means that when the molded body ends 310a, 310b are bent slightly these are automatically returned to the specified basic position, but a turn can also take place on the other side when the reins are tightened.

In its central region 310c, the molded body 310 has a section 18 which is curved upward in a circular arc and runs parallel to the longitudinal axes of the through holes 12, 13 provided in the ends 310a, 310b of the molded body 310 (FIG. 6). This special design ensures, in addition to sufficient freedom from tongues, that the shaped body ends 310a, 310b bend properly in the direction of arrows Y around the central region 310c, so that when the shaped body ends 310a, 310b bend in the direction of arrows Y1, the shaped body sections 310d remain stretched and the actual turning area is relocated exclusively to the central area 310c. The molded body 310 can also have a configuration corresponding to the molded body 110, that is, it can also be provided with a web 50 or have a central narrow and short web 120 or a recess with a web design, the diameter of the web 120 compared to the diameter of the actual molded body 110, 310 is less and is formed from the molded body material.

Claims (2)

1. Horse bit, comprising a bit bar of a single- piece, straight, bent circularly aside or only centrally bent circularly aside shaped member with an oval or circular uniform cross-section extending across the entire bit bar length and with corrosion-resistant, stirrup-like members retained at the ends in perforations such as rings or the like, for attaching the reins, characterized in that the shaped member (110) provided with a smooth gliding surface-like plane of the bit bar consists of a springily resilient compressible cross-linked polyurethane elastomer possessing a high degree of abrasion resistance, is pressure-deformable and reforms it-self into its starting position, in which the shaped member (110) is centrally provided with a distortion-free rigid crosspiece incorporated into the material of the shaped member and extending in the longitudinal direction of the bit bar maintaining the shaped member (110) in a curved shape which consists of pre-bent spring steel and the length of which, when compared with the length of the shaped member (110), is dimensioned so as to be smaller, and with a flattened horse tongue contact surface (15) extending from the center of the shaped member to the ends of the shaped member

2. Horse bit according to the claim 1, characterized in that the shaped member (110; 310) is provided in the center with a narrow and short crosspiece (50) which, when compared with the actual diameter of the shaped member (110; 310), possesses a smaller diameter.

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