Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
  • D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of free aldehyde, especially the amount of free formaldehyde, at the production of paper. More particularly the invention relates to a method for reducing this by addition of sulphite during the process before the final drying, to the stock or the process water, at the production of paper, paperboard or board. The invention also relates to a product suitable for use at the production of paper in order to reduce the amount of free aldehyde.
• wet strength resins based on formaldehyde are used widely at the production of paper, and especially at the production of kraft sack paper and similar products. Most of these resins are urea-formaldehyde resins or melamine-formaldehyde resins and they can be unmodified or modified with for example amines. In the same manner as the resins which are used as binders for particle board, the wet strength resins for paper have been developed and modified to contain as low amount as possible of formaldehyde.
• the conditions at the production of paper are considerably different due to the large amounts of process water which are utilized.
• the concentration of the stock, the aqueous suspension of fibres varies from a dry content of about one percent in the first beating and slushing steps down to 0.5 to about 0.1 per cent in the steps when paper chemicals are added.
• the water which is separated from the stock at the paper production, the white water, is usually recirculated to the process.
• sulphite can be used as absorbing agent for aldehydes, particularly formaldehyde, at the production of paper and hereby bind aldehydes in a reaction product which is not readily hydrolyzed and which has a very high thermal stability and it has been found that the sulphite can be used in such a manner that retention to the paper is obtained. Further, the sulphite can be used at the production of paper in such a manner that negative influence on the effect of the paper chemicals is avoided.
• the present invention thus relates to a method for reducing the amount of free aldehyde at the production of paper whereby sulphite in combination with a cationic retention agent is added to the stock or the process water as defined in the claims.
• Addition of sulphite herein refers to addition of sulphites, bisulphites (hydrogen sulphites) and di- sulphites which in an aqueous solution give sulphite-, hydrogensulphite-and/or disulphite- ions which can react with aldehydes and refers to additions of such sulphites in combination with alum or other at paper production conventionally used cationic retention agents, such as for example cationic starch, polyethyleneimines, polyacrylamides and polyamidoamines.
• sulphite and alum or other cationic retention agent By combination of sulphite and alum or other cationic retention agent is should of course be understood that the quantity of cationic retention agent required for the formaldehyde scavenging by sulphite in an efficient papermaking process may form part of the at a papermaking process usually added quantity or be added additionally to this, depending on the systems and the charges in the systems.
• the sulphite is preferably alkali metal or ammoniumsulphite and most preferably sodium sulphite or sodium bisulphite is used. According to a particularly preferred embodiment a combination of alum and sulphite or bisulphite is added. Solid sulphites can be added as such but it is preferred to add aqueous solutions of the sulphites.
• the addition according to the present invention for absorbing free aldehydes at paper production is made to the stock, ie the very dilute fibre suspension, or the process water.
• the addition according to the invention can be combined with an addition to an optional surface size solution or coating slip.
• Sulphite can further also be added to the process water, the washing water, which is used in the drying section in order to scavenge optionally remaining amounts of aldehyde here. Unreacted sulphite remaining in the paper can also absorb formaldehyde which is later liberated from the resin.
• the addition according to the present invention for absorbing free aldehydes can be made directly to the process water, the white water, to bind, in the white water, aldehydes which originates from the cellulose and are naturally present in the cellulose.
• the wood substance contains different types of aldehydes, mainly such with a diterpene nucleus, which are released at the pulp cooking and which can give rise to odour and taste problems in the finished paper.
• Direct addition to the white water can also be made to bind formaldehyde which comes from a previous run using formaldehyde based wet strength resins.
• the method of the invention is particularly applicable for utilization at the production of wet strength paper wherein formaldehyde based wet strength resins are used and such resins can be modified or unmodified, cationic or anionic, urea-formaldehyde resins and melamine-formaldehyde resins or mixtures of such, and the addition is then preferably made to the process water.
• the addition can arbitrarily be made before or after the addition of resin, or at the same time as this.
• sulphite or bisulphite is added to the stock or the process water in combination with a cationic retention agent.
• the formaldehyde scavenging agent and the cationic retention agent can hereby be added simultaneously or close in time to each other so that a complex is formed which can be retained in the paper.
• the cellulose is in itself slightly negatively charged and as the sulphites are strongly anionic, retention problems would arise at a direct addition of for example sodium bisulphite. It is further desirable to disturb the original charge of the stock as little as possible with regard to dosage and retention of the actual paper chemicals.
• the formaldehyde absorbing agents according to the present invention are used in combination with at paper production per se known and used cationic retention agents such as alum, cationic starch, polyethyleneimines, polyacrylamides and polyamidoamines.
• Alum is the cheapest and most common retention agent and is also advantageous with regard to its charge. It is thus particularly preferred to use a combination of alum and sulphite and particularly such which give complexes with a charge that will disturb the z-potential of the system as little as possible. The complexes react with free aldehyde and the formed reaction product is retained in the paper.
• the dosage of the formaldehyde scavenger will of course be dependent on the amount of formaldehyde, or other aldehyde, which will be present in the system, the stock and the process water. An efficient amount with regard to this and the desired degree of reduction is used.
• the amount of the added alum or other cationic retention agent in combination with the sulphite for the formaldehyde absorption should be such that the total charge of the complex formed is zero or slightly positive.
• Synthetic polymers can be used with sulphite when they are used as such in the stock. The added amount of these polymers for the sulphite will then together with the sulphite have a net charge of slightly positive sites in the polymer.
• the total Z-potential in the system should be 0+-5 meV for best retention. There should be no problems for the man skilled in the art to find out the dosage required in each case.
• suitable amounts of sulphite are within the range of 4 to 12 per cent by weight, based on added wet strength resin, calculated as dry, and preferably the amount is within the range of 5 to 10 per cent by weight.
• the degree of recirculation in the actually used paper machine must be considered at dosage.
• a suitable amount of cationic retention agent to be used in combination with the sulphite amounts given is within the range of 1 to 3 times the weight of sulphite for alum, and preferably 1.3 to 1.7 times the weight.
• cationic retention agents suitably 10 to 20 times the weight of sulphite is used, depending on the charge and nature of the cationic retention agent.
• Paper production herein refers to the production of paper, paperboard and board from conventional stocks, ie fibre suspensions with dry contents of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 per cent by weight.
• the process water in paper production contains very small amounts of fibre, e.g. of the order 500 to 2000 ppm.
• the present invention also relates to a product, which can be used in the above described steps at the production of paper, for absorption of free aldehydes, especially free formaldehyde.
• the product is an aqueous solution of a combination of a cationic retention agent and sulphite as defined in the claims.
• the cationic retention agent is such an agent commonly used at paper production, for example alum, cationic starch, polyethyleneimines, polyacrylamides and polyamidoamines. It is particularly preferred that the cationic retention agent in the product is alum.
• the dry content of the solution may vary within wide limits and the upper limit is mainly dependent on storage- and transport times as too high dry contents may result in precipitations at longer storage- and transport times.
• the dry content of the solutions should thus suitably be kept within the range 20 to 40 per cent by weight.
• the ratio of sulphite to cationic retention agent in the aqueous solution is suitably such that the charge of the formed complex is zero or slightly positive.
• cationic retention agents such as starches and synthetic polymers this means that suitable combinations comprise about 10 to 20 times as much cationic retention agent as sulphite.
• the exact ratio between sulphite and alum in a solution has to be determined with regard to the alum and with regard to the z-potential of the stock in question.
• the mole ratio of sulphite to alum is within the range 2:1 to 7:1 , suitably within the range 3:1 to 6 : 1 and preferably within the range 4:1 to 5:1 .
• alum is widely used at the production of paper
• adjustments with regard to the z-potential of the stock can easily be made at the addition of a product according to the invention, by supplementary addition of alum or, alternatively, by reducing the normally added amount of alum.
• paper sheets were formed from an unbleached sulphate stock in a laboratory sheet machine.
• the sheets were formed according to standard methods with addition of 0.2% of rosin and 2.0% of alum at a pH of 4.5. After 10 sheets had been formed 2.0 g of CH 2 0 (about 100 ppm) were added to the white water system and also 46 g of a solution of alum and sodium bisulphite (10.4 g of alum + 6.7 g of sodiumbisulphite in 50 ml of water). After production of totally 13 sheets the white water was analysed for free formaldehyde and this had then been reduced by 50%. The sizing degree was determined for all the sheets by measuring Cobb-number according to SCAN-P 12:64 and the values were between 21 and 22 g/m2 which means that the addition of sulphite did not have a detrimental effect on the sizing.
• the method for reduction of the amount of free formaldehyde was tested on a large kraft sack paper machine with a production of 18 tons of paper per hour. 1035 kg urea-formaldehyde wet strength resin, containing 35% dry weight resin and 2.6% free formaldehyde, was added per hour.
• the white water system was 2450 m3 and the mean white water cycle was estimated to 16 minutes.
• Bisulphite and alum were added continuously and at the same time to the white water system immediately after the wire section.
• the added amount of bisulphite per hour was estimated to react with half the amount of formaldehyde. 780 kg of formaldehyde was already in the white water before the test started.
• the total amount of alum added during the test was 6200 kg and of these 1700 kg were added in combination with the sulphite. Totally 1425 kg bisulphite were added during the test. The maximum reduction would thus be some 40 to 50%, depending on the temperature, pH etc and would be reached within 24 hours in this paper production system.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Golf Clubs (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)
• Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
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• 1985
  • 1985-02-15 SE SE8500715A patent/SE8500715L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1986
  • 1986-02-07 DE DE8686850039T patent/DE3675231D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-02-07 EP EP86850039A patent/EP0192623B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-02-07 AT AT86850039T patent/ATE57965T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-02-12 FI FI860650A patent/FI84635C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-02-14 NO NO860558A patent/NO168843C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-02-14 ES ES552021A patent/ES8801401A1/es not_active Expired

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