EP0191722B1 - Burner with a plurality of parallel spaced apart burner elements for a gas-heated appliance - Google Patents
Burner with a plurality of parallel spaced apart burner elements for a gas-heated appliance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0191722B1 EP0191722B1 EP86730020A EP86730020A EP0191722B1 EP 0191722 B1 EP0191722 B1 EP 0191722B1 EP 86730020 A EP86730020 A EP 86730020A EP 86730020 A EP86730020 A EP 86730020A EP 0191722 B1 EP0191722 B1 EP 0191722B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- gas
- row
- flame openings
- semimonocoques
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
- F23D14/045—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with a plurality of burner bars assembled together, e.g. in a grid-like arrangement
Definitions
- the invention relates to a row burner for a gas-fired device according to the preamble of the main claim.
- a burner described in DE-A-30 22 763 is provided with additional combustion openings arranged between the burner tubes in order to facilitate the ignition process.
- a universal burner is also known from DE-A-16 29 964, in which the burner head is provided with openings which are inclined towards one another in pairs and each form an elementary flame.
- a burner has become known from GB-A-11 89 364, which has baffles arranged directly in front of mixture outlet slots for guiding and distributing the gas stream.
- the disadvantage of all three burners is the considerable nitrogen oxide emission, especially when the Gas-air mixture.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the combustion gases by designing the burners and their elements when the gas-air mixture changes.
- the two inserts of the two half-shells which are connected to one another in regions, can also delimit a third row of combustion openings running in the plane of symmetry of the row burner.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a once-through water heater
- Figure 2 is an associated end view of the side-by-side burner
- Figure 3 is an associated top view
- Figure 4 is a partial section according to IV-IV of Figure 3 on a larger scale
- 5 shows a similar section according to VV of FIG. 3 through the head of a single row burner
- Figure 6 is a side view of a row burner
- Figure 7 is a plan view.
- the gas-heated water heater shown comprises an insulating wall 1 which encloses a combustion chamber 2, above which a heat exchanger 4 provided with ribs 3 is located.
- At least one row burner 5 which has a plurality of burner chambers 20 composed of two half-shells 14 each, the upper sides of which are gas-mixture distribution chambers 6 are closed, which have combustion openings 7 and 8 and include vertical mixing channels 10 opening into this gas mixture distribution chamber 6 with regionally shaped impressions 9, to which, on the underside, individual gas outlet nozzles 12 which are formed on a gas supply pipe 11 and are formed on a gas supply pipe 11 are coaxially assigned.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show, five burner chambers 20, each with, for example, three mixing channels 10, are provided below the common burner chamber 2 of the device.
- Figures 4 and 5 show the design of the upper areas of such a row burner 5 formed by the two half-shells 14, which - as is known per se - has a constriction 15 below the gas-mixture distribution chamber 6.
- each of the two half-shells 14 has an insert 16 formed from sheet metal, which - connected only in sections - to the walls of the half-shells 14, forms two laterally extending rows 13 of combustion openings 7 and 8 together with these walls that take turns.
- the larger combustion openings 7 have an approximately rectangular clear cross section and are the main combustion openings, which are smaller combustion openings 8 Auxiliary combustion openings with an approximately circular cross-section.
- combustion openings 7 and 8 are delimited by area-specific impressions 9 and 9 'of the half-shells 14 and the inserts 16, respectively.
- the clear cross section of the auxiliary combustion openings 8 in the lower area of the vertical course is smaller than in the mouth area or also less than that of the main burner openings 7, so that adhesive flames form there.
- the inserts 16 do not necessarily have to be arranged in pairs within the scope of the invention, of course, but they can also extend over the entire width of the row burner, that is to say bridge the plane of symmetry 17 and be arranged half on either side of this plane 17.
- inserts may also be advisable, if necessary, to form the inserts from other heat-resistant materials, for example from ceramic material.
- the individual insert can then consist of a single, solid, elongated plate formed with slots and / or perforations, the longitudinal edges of which fit snugly against the upper edges of the half-shells 14.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 Another exemplary embodiment of a row burner is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. While in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 5 a burner with standing mixing channels has been described, in the burner in accordance with the exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIGS. 6 and 7 the essential thing is a deflection 30 which is provided between the mixing channels 10 and the gas-air mixture distribution chamber 6 is.
- the deflection 30 does not necessarily have to be at the end of all premixing channels 10, the mixing channels can continue after this deflection, or the deflection can also be in the gas-mixture distribution chamber 6. It is also important in this exemplary embodiment that two or more mixing channels blow into the common gas-mixture distribution chamber 6, with which a high proportion of primary air in the gas-air mixture can be achieved.
- the various mixing channels can also be arranged next to one another in a horizontal plane. Then the burner builds wider.
- the individual burner chambers 20 forming a row burner are each made from two sheet metal parts 14, which each have half the impressions of the mixing channels and the mixture distribution chamber. The two sheet metal parts 14 are placed against one another and welded to one another along their circumference, optionally also in the central region.
- the beginnings 31 of the mixing channels can be designed as widened openings 32.
- the row burners preferably consist of sheet metal shells, but this may or may not be the case.
- the distribution chamber or the mixing channels could also be molded into a die-cast part with half shells.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reihenbrenner für ein gasbeheiztes Gerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a row burner for a gas-fired device according to the preamble of the main claim.
Ein in der DE-A-30 22 763 beschriebener Brenner ist zur Erleichterung des Überzündvorganges mit zwischen den Brennerrohren angeordneten zusätzlichen Brennöffnungen versehen. Aus der DE-A-16 29 964 ist weiterhin ein Universalbrenner bekannt, bei dem der Brennerkopf mit paarweise aneinander zugeneigten Öffnungen versehen ist, welche jeweils eine Elementarflamme bilden. Schließlich ist aus der GB-A-11 89 364 ein Brenner bekanntgeworden, der unmittelbar vor Gemischaustrittsschlitzen angeordnete Leitbleche zur Führung und Verteilung des Gasstromes aufweist. Nachteil aller drei Brenner ist die erhebliche Stickoxidemission, insbesondere bei Änderung des Gas-Luft-Gemisches.A burner described in DE-A-30 22 763 is provided with additional combustion openings arranged between the burner tubes in order to facilitate the ignition process. A universal burner is also known from DE-A-16 29 964, in which the burner head is provided with openings which are inclined towards one another in pairs and each form an elementary flame. Finally, a burner has become known from GB-A-11 89 364, which has baffles arranged directly in front of mixture outlet slots for guiding and distributing the gas stream. The disadvantage of all three burners is the considerable nitrogen oxide emission, especially when the Gas-air mixture.
Von derartigen Geräten ausgehend ist es Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, durch Gestaltung der Brenner und deren Elemente bei Änderung des Gas-Luft-Gemisches den Anteil der Stickoxide (NOx) in den Verbrennungsgasen zu senken.Starting from such devices, the object of the present invention is to reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the combustion gases by designing the burners and their elements when the gas-air mixture changes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Reihenbrenner der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved in a series burner of the type described at the outset by the characterizing features of the main claim.
Durch den zwischen die beiden zueinandergehörigen Halbschalen eingefügten Einsatz, der bereichsweise mit den Wandungen der Halbschalen verbunden ist und gemeinsam mit diesen Wandungen zwei seitlich verlaufende Reihen von Brennöffnungen begrenzt, wird der Vorteil erreicht, eine Vervielfachung der Reihen von Brennöffnungen zu erzielen.Due to the inserted between the two associated half-shells, which is connected in some areas to the walls of the half-shells and together with these walls delimits two rows of combustion openings extending laterally, the advantage is achieved of multiplying the rows of combustion openings.
Gegebenenfalls können die bereichsweise miteinander verbundenen beiden Einsätze der beiden Halbschalen noch eine in der Symmetrieebene des Reihenbrenners verlaufende dritte Reihe von Brennöffnungen begrenzen.If necessary, the two inserts of the two half-shells, which are connected to one another in regions, can also delimit a third row of combustion openings running in the plane of symmetry of the row burner.
Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäßer Reihenbrenner werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungsfiguren erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of row burners according to the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing figures.
Im einzelnen zeigen:
Figur 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen Durchlaufwasserheizer,
Figur 2 eine zugehörige Stirnansicht der nebeneinander angeordneten Reihenbrenner und
Figur 3 eine zugehörige Draufsicht.
Figur 4 ist ein Teilschnitt nach IV-IV der Figur 3 in größerem Maßstab und
Figur 5 ein ebensolcher Schnitt nach V-V der Figur 3 durch den Kopf eines einzelnen Reihenbrenners,
Figur 6 eine Seitenansicht eines Reihenbrenners und
Figur 7 eine Draufsicht.In detail show:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a once-through water heater,
Figure 2 is an associated end view of the side-by-side burner and
Figure 3 is an associated top view.
Figure 4 is a partial section according to IV-IV of Figure 3 on a larger scale and
5 shows a similar section according to VV of FIG. 3 through the head of a single row burner,
Figure 6 is a side view of a row burner and
Figure 7 is a plan view.
Im wesentlichen umfaßt der dargestellte gasbeheizte Durchlaufwasserheizer eine isolierende Wandung 1, die eine Brennkammer 2 umschließt, oberhalb derer sich ein mit Rippen 3 versehener Wärmetauscher 4 befindet.Essentially, the gas-heated water heater shown comprises an insulating wall 1 which encloses a
Unterhalb der Brennkammer 2 befindet sich zumindest ein Reihenbrenner 5, der eine Vielzahl von aus je zwei Halbschalen 14 zusammengesetzten Brennerkammern 20 aufweist, deren Oberseiten von Gas-Gemisch-Verteilungskammern 6 abgeschlossen sind, die Brennöffnungen 7 und 8 aufweisen und die mit bereichsweisen Einprägungen 9 in diese Gas-Gemisch-Verteilungskammer 6 mündende vertikale Mischkanäle 10 einschließen, denen unterseitig einzelne der Gaszufuhr dienende, an einem Gaszufuhrrohr 11 ausgebildete Gasaustrittsdüsen 12 koaxial zugeordnet sind.Below the
Wie die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen, sind unterhalb der gemeinsamen Brennerkammer 2 des Gerätes fünf Brennerkammern 20 mit beispielsweise je drei Mischkanälen 10 vorgesehen.As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, five
Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen die Gestaltung der oberen Bereiche eines solchen von den beiden Halbschalen 14 gebildeten Reihenbrenners 5, der - wie an sich bekannt - unterhalb der Gas-Gemisch-Verteilungskammer 6 eine Einschnürung 15 aufweist.Figures 4 and 5 show the design of the upper areas of such a
Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reihenbrenners gehört zu jeder der beiden Halbschalen 14 je ein - aus Blech geformter - Einsatz 16, der - nur abschnittsweise - mit den Wandungen der Halbschalen 14 verbunden, gemeinsam mit diesen Wandungen zwei seitlich verlaufende Reihen 13 von Brennöffnungen 7 und 8 bildet, die einander abwechseln. Die größeren Brennöffnungen 7 weisen einen etwa rechteckigen lichten Querschnitt auf und sind die Hauptbrennöffnungen, die kleineren Brennöffnungen 8 sind Hilfsbrennöffnungen mit etwa kreisförmigem Querschnitt.In the illustrated embodiment of a row burner, each of the two half-
Die beiden nur bereichsweise miteinander verbundenen beiden Einsätze 16 begrenzen gemeinsam noch eine dritte, in der Symmetrieebene 17 des Reihenbrenners 5 verlaufende Reihe 13' von Hauptbrennöffnungen 7 rechteckigen Querschnittes.The two
Alle diese Brennöffnungen 7 und 8 sind von bereichsweisen Einprägungen 9 beziehungsweise 9' der Halbschalen 14 beziehungsweise der Einsätze 16 begrenzt.All of these
Während die Hauptbrennöffnungen 7 über ihren gesamten Vertikalverlauf einen lichten Querschnitt konstanter Größe aufweisen, ist der lichte Querschnitt der Hilfsbrennöffnungen 8 im unteren Bereich des Vertikalverlaufes geringer als im Mündungsbereich beziehungsweise auch geringer als jener der Hauptbrenneröffnungen 7, so daß sich dort Haftflammen bilden.While the
Die Einsätze 16 müssen im Rahmen der Erfindung selbstverständlich nicht unbedingt paarweise angeordnet werden, sondern sie können sich auch über die ganze Breite des Reihenbrenners erstrecken, also die Symmetrieebene 17 überbrücken und je zur Hälfte beidseits dieser Ebene 17 angeordnet sein.The
In diesem Fall mag es bedarfsweise auch ratsam sein, die Einsätze aus anderen hitzefesten Materialien auszubilden, zum Beispiel aus keramischem Material. Es kann dann der einzelne Einsatz aus einer einzigen, mit Schlitzen und/oder Lochungen ausgebildeten massiven länglichen Platte bestehen, deren Längsränder satt an die Oberkanten der Halbschalen 14 anschließen.In this case, it may also be advisable, if necessary, to form the inserts from other heat-resistant materials, for example from ceramic material. The individual insert can then consist of a single, solid, elongated plate formed with slots and / or perforations, the longitudinal edges of which fit snugly against the upper edges of the half-
Aus den Figuren 6 und 7 geht ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reihenbrenners hervor. Während beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 1 bis 5 ein Brenner mit stehenden Mischkanälen beschrieben wurde, ist bei dem Brenner nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 6 und 7 das Wesentliche eine Umlenkung 30, die zwischen den Mischkanälen 10 und der Gas-Luft-Gemisch-Verteilerkammer 6 vorgesehen ist. Die Umlenkung 30 muß sich nicht unbedingt am Ende sämtlicher Vormischkanäle 10 befinden, die Mischkanäle können sich auch nach dieser Umlenkung fortsetzen, beziehungsweise die Umlenkung kann sich auch in der Gas-Gemisch-Verteilerkammer 6 befinden. Wesentlich ist auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel, daß zwei oder mehr Mischkanäle in die gemeinsame Gas-Gemisch-Verteilerkammer 6 einblasen, womit ein hoher Primärluftanteil im Gas-Luft-Gemisch erzielbar ist. Verglichen mit einer Ausführungsform mit gegeneinander gerichteten Mischkanälen, die in eine gemeinsame Gas-Gemisch-Verteilerkammer einblasen, wird der Vorteil erheblich geringerer Bautiefe erreicht, der nur mit einer geringfügigen Erhöhung der Bauhöhe kompensiert wird. Weiterhin ist hierzu nur ein einziges Gaszufuhrrohr erforderlich. Ist die bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 größere Höhe des Brenners nachteilig, so können die verschiedenen Mischkanäle auch nebeneinander in einer waagerechten Ebene angeordnet werden. Dann baut der Brenner allerdings breiter. Bevorzugt sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 6 und 7 die einzelnen einen Reihenbrenner bildenden Brennerkammern 20 aus jeweils zwei Blechteilen 14 gefertigt, die die Mischkanäle und die Gemischverteilerkammer als jeweils hälftige Einprägungen besitzen. Die beiden Blechteile 14 sind aneinandergelegt und längs ihres Umfangs gegebenenfalls auch im Mittenbereich miteinander verschweißt. Die Anfänge 31 der Mischkanäle können als aufgeweitete Öffnungen 32 gestaltet sein.Another exemplary embodiment of a row burner is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. While in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 5 a burner with standing mixing channels has been described, in the burner in accordance with the exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIGS. 6 and 7 the essential thing is a
Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß der Figuren 6 und 7 bestehen die Reihenbrenner bevorzugt aus Blechschalen, dies kann, muß aber nicht so sein. Beispielsweise wäre auch eine Einformung der Verteilerkammer beziehungsweise der Mischkanäle in ein Druckgußteil mit hälftigen Schalen möglich.In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 6 and 7, the row burners preferably consist of sheet metal shells, but this may or may not be the case. For example, the distribution chamber or the mixing channels could also be molded into a die-cast part with half shells.
Claims (6)
- A row burner for a gas-firing appliance, which burner comprises a multiplicity of burner chambers (20), each of which is composed of two semimonocoques (14) and which have upper portions which define gas mixture distributing chambers (6) which are provided with flame openings (7, 8) and are also composed of the semimonocoques and enclose mixing ducts (10), which have embossed portions (9) opening into the gas mixture distributing chambers (6) and which have coaxially associated with them respective gas nozzles (12), which serve to supply gas and are formed on a gas supply pipe (11), characterized by an insert (16), which is adapted to be inserted between the semimonocoques (14) above the gas mixture distributing chambers (6) and which has sections which are joined to the walls fo the semimonocoques (14) and which together with said walls constitutes two laterally extending rows (13) of flame openings (7, 8).
- A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that each insert (16) is split and both parts contact each other at least in sections in the plane of symmetry (17) of the row burner (5).
- A burner according to claim 2, characterized in that the parts jointly define with each other a third row (13') of flame openings (7), which third row (13') extends in the plane of symmetry (17) of the row burner (5).
- A burner according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer rows (13) of the three rows (13, 13', 13) of flame openings comprise relatively large main flame openings (7) in alternation with relatively small auxiliary flame openings (8) and that row (13') which extends in the plane of symmetry (17) of the row burner (5) comprises only main flame openings (7).
- A burner according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flame openings (7, 8) are defined by partial embossed portions of the inserts (16) and/or of the semimonocoques (14).
- A burner according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the insert (16) consists of a massive plate, which is preferably formed of ceramic material and through which the flame openings (7, 8) extend and which has longitudinal edges adjoining the mutually opposite top edges of the semimonocoques.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86730020T ATE63784T1 (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1986-02-08 | SERIES BURNER FOR A GAS HEATED APPLIANCE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8503838U DE8503838U1 (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1985-02-08 | Series burner for a gas-fired device |
DE8503838U | 1985-02-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0191722A2 EP0191722A2 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
EP0191722A3 EP0191722A3 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
EP0191722B1 true EP0191722B1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
Family
ID=6777325
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86730020A Expired - Lifetime EP0191722B1 (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1986-02-08 | Burner with a plurality of parallel spaced apart burner elements for a gas-heated appliance |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0191722B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE63784T1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE8503838U1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1987006998A1 (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1987-11-19 | Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co | Process for operating a pre-mix gas burner |
JPH0617729B2 (en) | 1987-08-03 | 1994-03-09 | ウオルガス ブルチアトリ エセ・エレ・エレ | Gas burner with low emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide |
NL8900030A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-08-01 | Remeha Fabrieken Bv | NOX-POOR ATMOSPHERIC GAS BURNER. |
FR2695457B1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-11-04 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Improvements to atmospheric gas burners. |
FR2730793B1 (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1997-04-30 | Leblanc Sa E L M | IMPROVEMENTS TO A WATER HEATER, BATH HEATER, GAS BOILER |
DE19828602C1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 1999-12-23 | Truma Geraetetechnik Gmbh & Co | Pilot burner |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2541710A (en) * | 1948-09-21 | 1951-02-13 | Motor Wheel Corp | Sheet metal multiple gas burner |
GB834788A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1960-05-11 | Ascot Gas Water Heaters Ltd | Improvements in or relating to gas fired apparatus |
FR1398066A (en) * | 1964-03-13 | 1965-05-07 | High power gas burner mixer | |
FR1505518A (en) * | 1966-11-02 | 1967-12-15 | Saunier Duval | Universal burner for household use of combustible gases |
GB1189364A (en) * | 1967-09-27 | 1970-04-22 | Friedrich Karl Hiby | Improvements in Gas Burners |
DE1751739A1 (en) * | 1968-07-20 | 1970-08-27 | Birnkraut Rudolf | Fanless premix gas burner with holding flames |
DE2151429A1 (en) * | 1971-10-15 | 1973-04-19 | Junkers & Co | BURNER FOR GAS HEATED APPLIANCES |
DE3022763C2 (en) * | 1980-06-14 | 1983-05-19 | Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid | Series burner for a gas-fired device |
-
1985
- 1985-02-08 DE DE8503838U patent/DE8503838U1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-02-08 EP EP86730020A patent/EP0191722B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-08 DE DE3604196A patent/DE3604196C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-08 DE DE8686730020T patent/DE3679341D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-08 AT AT86730020T patent/ATE63784T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE8503838U1 (en) | 1986-02-13 |
DE3604196C2 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
DE3604196A1 (en) | 1986-08-14 |
EP0191722A2 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
EP0191722A3 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
ATE63784T1 (en) | 1991-06-15 |
DE3679341D1 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
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