Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/20—Ground installations for de-icing aircraft
  • B64F5/23—Ground installations for de-icing aircraft by liquid application; Spraying installations therefor, e.g. fitted on vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/20—Ground installations for de-icing aircraft

Definitions

• This invention relates to a method for selecting and controlling the mixture ratio of water and glycol in the mixture of water and glycol utilized for deicing and anti-icing the aircraft, whereby the mixture is sprayed to the surface of an aircraft and in which method the atmospheric temperature is measured and taken into account when selecting said ratio, the freezing point of said mixture being in a predetermined manner dependent on the said measured temperature, whereafter the mixture is mixed and sprayed onto the surface.
• the ice which in this application means also snow and hoarfrost, on the surface of an aircraft can be very detrimental to the performance, controllability and stability of the aircraft especially in the take off and therefore also detrimental to the safety.
• Especially harmfull the ice is in the front edge and on the upper surface of the wing as well as on the surfaces of the steering surfaces and between the steering surfaces and the fuselage of an aircraft.
• the ice can be also very dangerous in the air intake means of the engine.
• deicing is done with water, the temperature of which can be near the boiling point or with a mixture of water and a glycol, which usually is also hot.
• the stream of hot water or of the mixture of them is directed or sprayed onto the surfaces, and the ice is removed.
• anti-icing is done.
• the purpose of anti-icing is to prevent the ice-formation on the surfaces of an aircraft. Also this process is performed, with the spray of the hot mixture of water and a glycol.
• glycol means ethylene and/or prophylene glycol liquids and the treatment means deicing and anti-icing.
• the outdoors temperature is devided in to the following temperature ranges: 0 - -7, -7 - -10, -10 - -14, -14 - -17, -17 - -20 and -20 - -25.
• the outdoors temperature is measured and the corresponding temperature range is selected.
• the following instruction is given for selecting the mixture ratio for deicing:
• the freezing point of the mixture is allowed to exceed the outdoors temperature by max. 7°C.
• the following instruction is given for selecting the mixture ratio for anti-icing:
• the freezing point of the mixture must be not less than 10°C below the outdoors temperature. The freezing point means freezing temperature.
• the outdoors temperature can be remarkable higher.
• the temperature of the wing is lower than the outdoors temperature. If now the mixture ratio for deicing and anti-icing is selected only on the basis of the outdoors temperature, the purpose of processes in question is not attained at and the flying safety is endangered.
• Another disadvantage of the known method is the discontinuous function, on the basis of which the mixture ratio is selected.
• This function describes the dependence of the freezing point allowed of the outdoors temperature stepwise or discontinuously.
• the outdoors temperature measured is frequently higher than the lower temperature of the temperature range, which includes the temperature measured.
• the mixture ratio in accordance with the instruction is selected on the basis of the lower temperature of the pertinent temperature range. This results in unnecessary high share of glycol in the mixture of water and glycol.
• the deicing vehicle there is a water receiver and a glycol receiver. Both liquids can be heated for instance electrically. The water temperature is hold at about +90°C and the temperature of glycol at about +40°C. The temperature of the mixture will then be dependent on the mixture ratio. Both receivers are c ⁇ nne-cted with a conduit to the mixing valve. Between the mixing valve and the surface to be treated there is a pipe or a hose. From any of the above receivers the liquid can be pumped from the receiver to the mixing valve. With the mixing valve the flow rates of water and glycol can be regulated.
• the mixing valve is of conventional design, and it includes a turnable handle and a scale.
• the mixture ratio of water and glycol can be selected by turning the handle to a predetermined position on the scale.
• the mixture ratio has been selected in the manner described above.
• the mixture is applied, advantageously sprayed, onto the surface with a hose and nozzle in a conventional manner.
• the worker can rely only to the position of the handle of the mixing valve and to the result of the treatment observed by him.
• the changes in the conditions, in other words all the factors, having effect to the mixture ratio and the result of the treatment are not sufficiently observed.
• the above described method results both in deicing and anti-icing in an uncertain result, which might be reason even forserious accidents.
• An object of this invention is to provide a more accurate method for selecting the mixture ratio of water and glycol for deicing and anti-icing of an aircraft.
• An other object of the invention is to improve the flying safety.
• Still another object of the invention is to economically utilize a glycol in the mixture of water and glycol.
• the temperature of the surface can also be measured with the conventional temperature measuring instruments.
• the background of the invention is the better understanding of different factors having effect on the temperature of such surfaces, which are near to the fuel receivers of an aircraft and also the understanding of the fact, that when selecting the mixture ratio of water and glycol both for deicing and anti-icing both the temperature of the surface to be treated and the outdoor temperature must be taken into account and that from these two temperatures the lower one is of decisive importance for selecting the mixture ratio. In this way the flying safety is essentially improved.
• the temperature of the wing can also be higher than the outdoors temperature. This situation can develop for instance then, when the fuel is taken from an underground receiver. In this case the temperature of the fuel is about +4 - 6°C. At the same time the outdoors temperature can, however, be noticeably lower and, accordingly, also this must be taken into account.
• the mixture ratio is selected on the basis of a continuous function describing the dependence of the freezing point of the mixture on the said lower temperature.
• the said two temperatures are measured, the lower one is selected from them, on the basis of it the mixture ratio is selected for the said mixture, the freezing point of the mixture being in a predetermined manner dependent on said lower temperature, the mixture corresponding to the selected ratio is mixed, the mixture ratio is measured during the spraying of the mixture, the ratio measured is compared with the ratio selected and the ratio measured is corrected to correspond to .he ratio selected.
• An object of the invention is also to provide an equipment for carrying out the invented method. Characteristic to this equipment is, that it comprises: A Means 1, 2 for measuring the atmospheric temperature and the surface temperature. B Means 3, 4 for measuring the real flow rates of glycol and water during the spraying. C Means 5, 6 for regulating th e real flow rates of the glycol and water.
• a computer 7 comprising - means 8 for receiving and storing the atmospheric temperature and the temperature of the surface, - a programme 9 for selecting the mixture ratio for the mixture of water and glycol on the basis of said temperatures, - means for receiving and storing 10 the real flow rates of glycol and water from the measuring means 3, 4 of real flow rates, - a programme 11 for calculating the real mixture ratio of water and glycol, - a programme 12 for comparing the mixture ratio selected with the real mixture ratio, - a programme 13 for determining the data for correcting the real mixture ratio on the basis of said comparison, - means 14 for transferring said data to the means 5, 6 for regulating the real flow rates of glycol and water.
• the outdoors temperature as well as the temperature of the surface of an aircraft are measured with temperature measuring instruments 1 and 2.
• the real flow rates of glycol and water are measured with the measuring equipments 3 and 4, which are located in the conduits.
• the conduits there are also means 5 and 6, for instance valves, and their operating motors for regulating the flow rates of water and glycol.
• the computer 7 receives and stores with the eq uipment 8 the data of the outdoors temperature and the temperature of the surface and selects on the basis of this information according to a predetermined programme 9 the mixture ratio of glycol and water.
• the computer 8 receives and stores with the equipment 10 the data of the real flow rates of glycol and water and computes according to a predetermined programme 11 the real mixture ratio of glycol and water.
• the computer 7 compares the real mixture ratio to the selected ratio and on the basis of this comparison according to the programme 13 determines the instructions for correcting the real mixture ratio.
• These instructions include at least the direction of the change and the spead of the change .
• the instructions for the correction are transferred to the operating means 5 and 6, which change the flow rates of glycol and/or water until the real mixture ratio corresponds to the mixture ratio selected. After the regulating points of the flow rates the flows of glycol and water are combined to a mixture, which then is used for deicing and anti-icing.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Accessories For Mixers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8519360

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 1984
  • 1984-07-06 FI FI842720A patent/FI70842C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1985
  • 1985-06-28 EP EP85903663A patent/EP0187838A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-06-28 WO PCT/FI1985/000061 patent/WO1986000592A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1986
  • 1986-03-05 NO NO860819A patent/NO860819L/no unknown
  • 1986-03-06 DK DK101286A patent/DK101286D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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