EP0186560A1 - Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0186560A1
EP0186560A1 EP85402379A EP85402379A EP0186560A1 EP 0186560 A1 EP0186560 A1 EP 0186560A1 EP 85402379 A EP85402379 A EP 85402379A EP 85402379 A EP85402379 A EP 85402379A EP 0186560 A1 EP0186560 A1 EP 0186560A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
electrode
plasma arc
plasma
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85402379A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Marhic
Joel 41 avenue des Goupillers Messager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Soudure Autogene Francaise, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Publication of EP0186560A1 publication Critical patent/EP0186560A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the formation of a plasma arc, of the type comprising a device with an electrode and means for conducting a plasma gas along and around said electrode, then through an axial restrictive conduit of a nozzle.
  • This kind of device implies either that one uses a coolant, which requires specially assigned conduits for this purpose, or that one uses the plasma gas itself, but in this case, it is imperative to have a gas flow rate noticeably greater than that necessary for the formation of the plasma arc proper, and consequently, part of the flow of plamagen gas admitted into the device is derived to allow it to escape into the open air around and away from the plasma arc proper.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the cooling of a plasma arc by using a special cooling gas, which is also capable of forming the plasma arc.
  • the cooling is ensured by vaporization essentially at the level of the electrode of a gas admitted in the liquid state.
  • the gas is nitrous oxide stored under pressure at ambient temperature and its vaporization occurs after expansion.
  • a particularly happy double effect is thus combined with the same gas, namely the formation of the plasma arc, since nitrous oxide is made up of the elements essential for the formation of such a plasma arc on the one hand, and on the other hand it is under pressure in the liquid state at room temperature, so that its simple expansion causes a powerful refrigerating effect which is quite sufficient to cool the metal parts in the vicinity of the arc plasma and more particularly in the hottest area of the electrode.
  • it is preferably arranged so that the expansion of the nitrous oxide occurs in the immediate vicinity of the electrode.
  • the invention also relates to a device for forming a plasma arc, in particular a cutting torch, of the type comprising a torch body incorporating an electrode and a nozzle with restrictive passage for forming a plasma arc and a conduit for supplied with a plasma gas terminating in said nozzle, and according to the invention said conduit incorporates a part with expansion orifice for said plasma gas.
  • the part with expansion orifice is located immediately upstream of the electrode.
  • this incorporates a valve mounted on the plasma gas supply pipe upstream of the part with expansion orifice and preferably this valve is remote-controlled, for example an electromagnetic valve acting against a closing return means, for example a spring or a fluid which may also be plasma gas.
  • a valve mounted on the plasma gas supply pipe upstream of the part with expansion orifice and preferably this valve is remote-controlled, for example an electromagnetic valve acting against a closing return means, for example a spring or a fluid which may also be plasma gas.
  • the device comprises inside a sleeve 1 a base 2 bored at 3 to receive an electrode holder 4 ending in an electrode head 5, in which is housed a zirconium insert 6 forming the actual electrode.
  • the electrode holder is itself bored so as to form a part of upstream conduit 8 and a part of downstream conduit 9 of larger bore.
  • the lover duct part 8 opens at its lover end by a frustoconical shape flared outwards and is intended to serve as a seat 10 for a valve 11 of a valve 12 of which a cylindrical body 13 slides in a cylindrical housing 14 serving to support for an electromagnetic winding or winding 15.
  • the valve 12 is subjected to the action of a closing spring 16.
  • the excitation winding 15 of the valve 12 is held in the torch body 1 by two locking pieces 20, 21 with shoulder 22, 23.
  • the part 20 ends at the upstream end by a nozzle 25 on which is mounted a conduit 60 for the admission of nitrous oxide under pressure and in the liquid state.
  • the cylindrical body 13 of the valve 12 has a hollow part 26 which communicates with the interior of the endpiece 25 and presents lateral orifices 27 through which the plasma-producing gas in the liquid state can flow into a chamber 28 located directly upstream of the valve plug 11.
  • a piece 29 Inside the electrode conduit 9 is screwed a piece 29 provided with an axial passage 30 in direct communication at its upstream end with the conduit 8 and having at its downstream end 31, which engages in a recess 32 of the electrode head 5, an expansion orifice 33 (for example a passage from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm and preferably of the order of 0.1 mm over a length of a few mm) located a short distance from the bottom of an electrode recess or base 32, all so that the cold gas formed after the expansion orifice 33 cools the electrode and circumferentially escapes through an annular passage 34 located between the part 29 and the electrode head 5 to reach a chamber 35 located between the sleeve 1 and the electrode holder 4 through one or more lateral orifices 36.
  • an expansion orifice 33 for example a passage from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm and preferably of the order of 0.1 mm over a length of a few mm
  • This chamber 35 communicates on the one hand by an annular gap 38 with an annular zone 39 formed between the electrode head 5 and a nozzle 40 provided with a restrictive axial passage 41 for plasma arc formation, d on the other hand by one or more holes 42 opening into the open air around the nozzle.
  • the electrode 6 is connected to the potential of an electrical source by means of the electrode head 5, the electrode holder 4 and a conductor 43 leading to the control winding 15 of the solenoid valve 12, the other end of which is connected by a conductor 44 to said current source, so that the excitation winding 15 of the solenoid valve 12 is in fact traversed by the plasma arc current.
  • the nitrous oxide in the liquid and pressurized state is introduced through the pipe 60, the nozzle 25, the interior of the solenoid valve 12, the chamber 28 and, if the solenoid valve is traversed by the arc-forming current, that is to say if the solenoid valve is in the retracted position with the valve 11 released from its seat 10, the liquid nitrous oxide, always under pressure, enters the conduit 8, then into the recess 30 before opening through the expansion orifice 33 in the expansion chamber 32, where it vaporizes producing cold.
  • the nitrous oxide in the gaseous state escapes through the annular passage 34 coaxially around and inside the part 29, enters the chamber 35 through the orifices 36 then in the supply chamber 39 of passage 41 for the formation of the plasma arc.
  • the expansion orifice 33 is arranged at the end of a part 29 which itself is mounted by screwing to come into abutment against a shoulder 45 of the electrode holder 4, while providing between an outer wall situated upstream of the screwing area 46 an annular space 47 between itself and the electrode holder 4, which communicates by a passage 48 with the chamber 35.
  • This arrangement has the effect, during a abnormal heating which has repercussions on the level of the electrode holder 4, of causing, by difference of expansion, detachment of the part 29 of its seat 45 and an exhaust at high flow rate of the gas directly towards the chamber 35 via the passage 48 (therefore without being limited by the expansion orifice 33) and from there towards the outside by the restrictive duct 41 and the lateral exhaust holes 42.
  • This phenomenon has the effect of causing a rapid gas purge, when the nitrous oxide is abnormally in the gaseous state upstream of the expansion orifice, either after a prolonged operational stop, or after the substitution of an empty bottle by a full bottle, which restores as quickly as possible the correct supply of nitrous oxide in the liquid state, or finally to ensure rapid detection of a drop in pressure reflecting the exhaustion of the liquid phase in the nitrous oxide bottle, which makes it possible to ensure a stop of operation in a d was very brief.
  • the nozzle 40 is mounted to slide freely to come into short-circuit contact with the electrode head 5, so as to initiate the ignition of the plasma arc.
  • This displacement of the nozzle 40 advantageously causes, by a sliding rod 50, the detachment of the valve 11 from its seat 10, therefore the conccmnittent arrival of nitrous oxide.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
EP85402379A 1984-12-07 1985-12-03 Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma Withdrawn EP0186560A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8418703A FR2574614B1 (fr) 1984-12-07 1984-12-07 Procede et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma
FR8418703 1984-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0186560A1 true EP0186560A1 (fr) 1986-07-02

Family

ID=9310350

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85402379A Withdrawn EP0186560A1 (fr) 1984-12-07 1985-12-03 Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un arc plasma

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4650956A (da)
EP (1) EP0186560A1 (da)
JP (1) JPS61142700A (da)
AU (1) AU573712B2 (da)
BR (1) BR8506136A (da)
DK (1) DK565485A (da)
ES (1) ES8704666A1 (da)
FR (1) FR2574614B1 (da)
NO (1) NO854927L (da)
PT (1) PT81628A (da)
ZA (1) ZA859372B (da)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640426A1 (en) * 1993-02-23 1995-03-01 APUNEVICH, Alexandr Ivanovich Electric arc plasma torch

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0329023Y2 (da) * 1986-07-18 1991-06-20
US4788408A (en) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-29 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Arc device with adjustable cathode
US5039837A (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-08-13 Tescom Corporation Plasma torch head, body, handle and control circuitry
US5214262A (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-05-25 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Electrode adaptor
FR2735710B1 (fr) * 1995-06-23 1997-07-25 Soudure Autogene Francaise Tete de torche a plasma et torche a plasma la comportant
US5994663A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-11-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc torch and method using blow forward contact starting system
US5897795A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-04-27 Hypertherm, Inc. Integral spring consumables for plasma arc torch using blow forward contact starting system
US5756959A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-05-26 Hypertherm, Inc. Coolant tube for use in a liquid-cooled electrode disposed in a plasma arc torch
US5886315A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-03-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Blow forward contact start plasma arc torch with distributed nozzle support
US6703581B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2004-03-09 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Contact start plasma torch
US6946617B2 (en) * 2003-04-11 2005-09-20 Hypertherm, Inc. Method and apparatus for alignment of components of a plasma arc torch
US20080116179A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2008-05-22 Hypertherm, Inc. Method and apparatus for alignment of components of a plasma arc torch
GB2576777A (en) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-04 Linde Ag Cryo cooling of gas cooled plasma arc torches

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534106A1 (fr) * 1982-10-01 1984-04-06 Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche a plasma monogaz

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854032A (en) * 1973-12-26 1974-12-10 J Cooper Superheated electric arc steam generator
GB1572847A (en) * 1977-03-18 1980-08-06 Rolls Royce Plasma arc welding
JPS5636375A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-04-09 Hitachi Ltd Plasma cutting torch
US4577461A (en) * 1983-06-22 1986-03-25 Cann Gordon L Spacecraft optimized arc rocket

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534106A1 (fr) * 1982-10-01 1984-04-06 Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche a plasma monogaz

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640426A1 (en) * 1993-02-23 1995-03-01 APUNEVICH, Alexandr Ivanovich Electric arc plasma torch
EP0640426A4 (en) * 1993-02-23 1995-05-22 Apunevich Aleksandr I ELECTRIC ARC PLASMA GUN.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4650956A (en) 1987-03-17
JPS61142700A (ja) 1986-06-30
ES549626A0 (es) 1987-04-01
FR2574614A1 (fr) 1986-06-13
PT81628A (pt) 1986-06-11
ZA859372B (en) 1986-08-27
DK565485A (da) 1986-06-08
BR8506136A (pt) 1986-08-26
AU5081185A (en) 1986-06-12
AU573712B2 (en) 1988-06-16
ES8704666A1 (es) 1987-04-01
FR2574614B1 (fr) 1987-01-30
NO854927L (no) 1986-06-09
DK565485D0 (da) 1985-12-06

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: MARHIC, GERARD

Inventor name: MESSAGER, JOEL41, AVENUE DES GOUPILLERS