EP0183140A2 - Rectangular transport pallet to be made of two interconnectible carton blanks - Google Patents

Abstract

A corrugated cardboard pallet (1) is constructed essentially from two flat, rectangular blanks (2, 3), the first blank (2) of which forms two outer edge supports (21), which are open at the top, and a central likewise open bearing groove (22), while the second blank (3) has the form of a downwardly open U with a main surface (34) and two outer spacer portions (31) which engage in the edge supports (21) and have the same height as the latter. Loading grooves (41) and loading openings (42) are constructed on the pallet so that a device can be driven under it from all sides. In order to achieve a sufficient pallet stability for the most varied loading cases, in addition to the gluing of their main surfaces, the blanks are connected to one another positively by fixable support webs (32) and support tabs (28) and support flaps (36). <IMAGE>

Description

From at least two corrugated cardboard blanks that can be prevented from forming, rectangular, underneath transpnrtnalette that can be driven under

The invention relates to a rectangular, e.g. Transport pallet that can be driven under by means of forklift trucks, hoist cheeks or similar lifting gear or transport device, i.e. the blanks can at least partially be prevented from being flat with one another and are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that the directions of their shafts cross, with a first of the blanks being integrally formed and opposing along a pair Pallet edge-extending traqbolmartine edge tears, which are essentially open on their side facing the other, second cut and can be inserted into the support elements, and between the two edge supports has at least one inner, support beam-like support trough, and wherein the support elements form a support surface of the pallet Main surface of the second of the blanks are deformable.

The main purpose of such pallets made of corrugated cardboard is to replace the previously usual wood or plastic pallets, which on the one hand have a favorable carrying capacity, but on the other hand are also quite heavy, cause high production costs and are prone to theft, with a much lighter, advantageously recyclable product , which offers sufficient strength at least for normal load cases when transporting bulk goods.

To achieve this purpose, a number of designs have already become known which generally have the obvious advantages of the product corrugated cardboard (lower weight and material costs), but with regard to stability and, above all, the cost of materials and their method of manufacture A well-known corrugated cardboard pallet of the type described by ^q anqs (DE-AS 11 07 499) becomes a flat and undeformed corrugated cardboard pallet, which forms the second blank and determines the surface of the pallet, with the first, three supporting bars two-dimensional connection by covering flat parts directed against the second blank between the three support bars and a foldable edge flange on the outer spar legs of the first blank with glue and pressing the second blank onto the first. An exclusively non-positive advertising connection is thus provided between the two blanks. In order to achieve a reasonably satisfactory carrying capacity (load from cargo), the support elements are inserted into the hollow interior of the carrying struts in the form of upright advertising reinforcement pieces, which are folded in a zigzag pattern and thus extend between opposite walls of the carrying spar interior. These ends of the starch are held in place by tabs at the ends of the carrying struts and are preferably a little bit taller than the carrying spars, so that their upper edges are slightly compressed, ie deformed, when the second blank (upper part) is pressed on. Pallet never known thus requires a total of five material blanks and high forces at home pressing the blanks together to deform the reinforcements, these forces easily leading to deformations of the shaft material of the first and second blanks and impairing their load-bearing capacity. This range offers only insufficient resistance to lateral deformation forces (shear, latch and torsion stresses), so that it cannot withstand the stresses that occur in practice, in particular during the usual careless handling in factory traffic with forklifts and similar equipment. In addition, it is only possible to drive under the vehicle in the direction of the support bars.

Another known pallet of a similar type (US Pat. No. 3,952,672) provides for an arrangement of two blanks such that the first blank, which carries the edge supports along a pair of its side edges as square, closed tubes which are folded by winding and essentially II- has a two-dimensional cut, the second cut will bypass, the waves in both parts being orthogonal to each other (crossing wave). The second blank surrounds the first in the manner of a foldable "envelope" or wrap that is open along the sides of the tubular edge supports of the first blank and that forms a closed lower surface and a halved surface in the pallet. Support webs, which engage in corresponding slots in the tubular edge supports of the first blank, extend downward from the edges of the two adjacent surface halves of the second blank section that collide in the middle. In order to be able to hold the latter in position for the purpose of perfect assembly, they are fixed by means of holding tabs which extend in the direction of the edge supports on the first blank and which, in the raw state of the blank, project beyond the later pallet edges. Niese known pallet has a double-layer closed-surface bottom surface, while the supporting or surface receiving the stacked goods, with the exception of the support areas of the tubular edge supports, is single-layer. This means that the load-bearing capacity of this pallet is quite large in the floor area, whereas the load-bearing capacity is greatly reduced, especially in the middle area of the surface, especially since there is no cross shaft here. Above all, however, the cost of materials for such a pallet is extremely high, since both blanks are more than twice as much due to the winding folding of the side areas during the first blank with the additional retaining tabs for the tubular edge supports and the formation of the upper and lower surface on the second blank Require footprint of the finished range of raw material. This is unacceptable in view of the increasing commodity prices and the desire to reduce transportation costs, apart from the fact that the assembly of this known range is a variety complicated folding and Steckvorgänqe demands and is therefore very expensive.

In another known pallet of a similar type (US Pat. No. 3,911,834), the second blank is no longer wrapped around the first blank from below, but rather has the shape of a partial wrap with edge adhesive flaps. Nevertheless, the construction of the material and assembly is still relatively high, and in order to achieve sufficient strength in the central area of the pallet, which is crucial for traceability, it may be necessary, as shown in an optional embodiment of that known construction, to run parallel to the edge girders of the side edges U-shaped supporting parts are inserted in the middle, which means additional material and manufacturing costs.

In contrast, the object of the invention is to create a material-saving, easy-to-assemble range of the type described in the introduction, which is delivered in a flat state, that is to say a space-saving form of transport, from the corrugated cardboard processor to the user and in a simple and inexpensive manner, in particular by machine, in large quantities , can be erected quickly and reliably.

• a) an dem zweiten Zuschnitt sich im wesentlichen über dessen gesamte Länge entlang seinen den gegenüberliegenden tragholmartigen Randträgern zugeordneten Rändern erstreckende, abwinkelbare, der Palettenhöhe entsprechende Distanzabschnitte angeordnet sind und
• b) die Stützelemente in Form von Stützstegen vorgesehen sind, die aus wenigstens einem der beiden Zuschnitte herausfaltbar sind und klemmend in entsprechende Ausnehmungen in dem jeweils anderen Zuschnitt einrasten.

This object is achieved in that

• a) are arranged on the second blank substantially over its entire length along its edges assigned to the opposite supporting beam-like edge supports, angled, corresponding to the pallet height spacer sections and
• b) the support elements are provided in the form of support webs that can be folded out of at least one of the two blanks and snap into corresponding recesses in the other blank.

Thus, it is possible to unfold a range from only two blanks which requires a minimal cost of materials by which the tra ^g holmarti ^g en edge support supporting blank part in length of the finished pallet and in its width in essentially (neglecting the thickness of the material and any material outreach for the folding deformations) corresponds to the width of the finished pallet plus twice the pallet height, multiplied by the number of support bars, while the other cut also corresponds in length to the length of the finished pallet and its width is only about twice the pallet height wider than that Width of the finished pallet needs to be. The support webs can be punched out of these, articulated on one side foldable via crease lines, without significant weakening of the main supporting surfaces of the blanks, in such a way that they engage in corresponding recesses on the other blank by means of fastening lugs. This results in cut-outs that are largely free of waste and that result in a palpably connected range of high torsional rigidity and kink resistance, which is non-positively connected in the main areas between the two cuts, by means of the edge supports or support channel of one cut with the spacer sections of the other cut and also via the support webs. The shape of the blanks is provided in such a way that no undercuts occur in spite of the box profiles of the edge supports and support channel, which determine the strength, so that the blanks can be produced and largely prepared on conventional corrugated cardboard processing systems so that they can be delivered in a flat, transport-friendly condition , can be continuously erected and assembled by the user (consumer) using simple mechanical means. The ease of transport results from the rectangular basic shape of the two blanks without connecting tabs or dg _l .

Although it is known per se to connect corrugated cardboard pallets upper and lower surface to one another by means of punched-out support webs which are folded out of the surfaces (US Pat. No. 2,808,464), the force transmission in the case of a known pallet takes place exclusively linearly via the support webs , which are also to be connected to one another by a relatively complicated reciprocal toothing system, which results in not inconsiderable difficulties when assembling the pallet. This known palette is also completely free and open in the edge area and not particularly supported, so that it has only a low edge strength.

Although the arrangement of two or more inner, support beam-like support channels can be useful for extreme load cases, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is completely sufficient for normal loads, the inner support channel is more central, third (DE-AS 11 07 499) Carrying spar provided and practically forms the central axis of the pallet.

In order to ensure proper handling of the pallet in all conceivable transport situations, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the pallet can optionally be driven under on all sides. Base edge supports, the inner support channel and the spacer cuts extending into the edge supports have recesses for forming loading openings. As will be shown in the following, these loading openings can be realized without impairing the load capacity of the pallet and can even be used for further stabilization measures.

The support webs can preferably be arranged on the second blank carrying the spacer webs and engage in the open edge girders and, if appropriate, the inner support channel. In this case, the support webs can expediently be arranged on the positions corresponding to the edge supports or the support channel, and the width of that of the edge supports or Correspond to the support channel so that they support the box shape of the edge supports or the support channel both vertically and horizontally and thus make a significant contribution to the high rigidity of the pallet.

While there is sufficient space in the longitudinal direction of the pallet between the edge supports and the inner support channel for the forks of a forklift in order to be able to receive the pallet in the longitudinal direction from a forklift, a preferred embodiment of the invention is also required in the transverse direction for the purpose of being accessible under the vehicle , in which the edge girders, the inner support channel and the spacer sections are provided with recesses for the fork of a forklift truck or forklift truck, provide that openings are provided in the outer surfaces of the edge support and openings in the edge support inner surfaces and in the support groove are aligned with the openings, while aligned with openings and openings, which are at least partially determined by free-stamped flaps hinged about vertical axes, the width of which essentially corresponds to the inner width of the channel-shaped edge tears and which folds into the latter and therein f can be locked with a positive fit. In this way, the weakening in the side surfaces, which is necessary for the purpose of training forklift openings, is practically compensated for by not simply cutting out the windows, but instead using the punched-out parts for support purposes compared to the other cut part, the support flaps preferably being used extend over the entire height of the edge beams and thus have a vertical support.

Advantageously, the forklift openings can extend downward from the upper edges of the edge support inner surfaces or the support channel and can be cut out (stamped) on three sides of the main surface of the blank such that the cut-out parts serve as tongues in the plane of the connection with the other blank Main area between the edge carriers or the support channel. Thus, the punched-out part extends with the folded edge support or folded support channel above the creases required for folding into a region above the respective tiller and thus extends the area, which results in a significantly increased stiffness.

So that the recesses can be used even better to increase the overall pallet production and the parts to be cut free for their production can also perform a vertical support function in addition to a horizontal holding function for the edge supports and support channel, it is further provided that the perforations in the outer surfaces of the edge supports are at least partly by ^g free estanzte are bestimnt about vertical axes pivotably articulated support flaps whose Rreite substantially corresponds to the inner width of the edge support and which are positively locked in the latter hineinklapphar as well as with the inner surfaces. It is advantageous if the support tabs can be non-positively and / or positively connected to the support flaps, which results in an even more intensive connection between the two blanks and a significant increase in the diagonal stiffness. The connection can be done by gluing, stapling, hooking or similar conventional measures. In addition, to stabilize the position, the interconnected support tabs and support flaps can be locked by support webs of the second blank that are arranged in this area and can be folded into the edge supports.

In order to use any type of charger or floor conveyor such as a forklift or pallet truck conveniently and without too much precision, as is required, for example, in the case of a known pallet that can be driven under on four sides and has slot-like openings to accommodate a transport fork (US Pat. No. 4,100 859) to be able to drive under, it is also expediently proposed that the recesses or the openings, openings, windows, support straps and / or support flaps extend essentially over the entire height of the pallet.

Instead of simple, straight-line spacer cuts, in another advantageous embodiment of the invention intended for an even higher load-bearing capacity, these can be designed as box-shaped support elements which fit into the channel-shaped edge supports and thus have a higher section modulus. In this embodiment, it is expedient that the support webs provided in the area of the box-shaped support elements engage in recesses in the pod surface of the support elements and thus additionally stabilize them. The loading openings can be designed in a corresponding manner, as set out above.

To increase the strength or rigidity of the finished pallet, the waves of the material in the blank comprising the edge supports and the support channel can preferably run in the transverse direction of the pallet and in the other blank carrying the spacer sections in the longitudinal direction. This results in particularly favorable strength conditions with regard to the support webs, in which the wave shape is vertical, and in the horizontal support webs, which are supported with a horizontal shaft against the inner surface of the support channel and thus contribute to increasing the lateral rigidity. The transverse course of the shaft in the cross-section comprising the edge girders and the support channel in turn results in an optimal load-bearing capacity of the edge supports and the support channel as well as the support tabs in the vertical direction and the possibility of absorbing high belt moments in the main surface.

In an advantageous development of the invention, predetermined breaking points of a defined width can be provided on at least one of the blanks, preferably on the second blank and in the area of the windows or loading openings. This can cause damage that otherwise occurs when strapping the goods stacked on the pallet with metal or plastic tape due to the addition of the same to the pallet, can be largely avoided because when the fastening or holding tapes are placed at the predetermined breaking points, these areas are raised to the defined width when the cargo is moved inwards and also as edge protection for the cargo serve without further tearing of the pallet outside the predetermined breaking points.

Although the use of single-layer corrugated cardboard is possible with only low load specifications and requirements, especially if the structure and structure thereof are appropriate, the blanks can preferably consist of multi-layer, preferably two-layer corrugated cardboard. With this choice of material, you will have to balance the strength requirements of the pallet with the weight and cost of the corrugated cardboard material used for it.

The transport pallet according to the invention is preferably produced semi-automatically or fully automatically, since manual erection in relation to the weight of the blanks for the usually required pallet sizes, because of the bulkiness of the blanks and with regard to the necessary folding forces or the restoring forces resulting from the material, is not possible Comes into consideration. In an advantageous semi-automatic manufacturing process, the first blank having the edge girders can be pre-stitched in stages in a folding and pressing station, first the first edge girder, then the support channel and finally the second edge girder being broken open, and its surfaces directed against the other, second blank be sprayed with glue while at the same time breaking the spacer sections of the second blank, whereupon the latter is placed on the first blank or inserted with the spacer sections into the edge girders and a pressure from above and laterally on the parts supported according to the shape of the edge girders and support channel can be exercised. With such a semi-automatic Thus, the process of cutting the edge girder and traverse channel in three stages is pre-broken and then provided with the adhesive at all the required points, while at the same time breaking the other blank so that the time required for assembly can be kept relatively short and only one for this manufacturing process , two people are required.

After removing the glued, folded pallet from the Falt- and Preßstatinn the support webs and g ^g f. the support tabs and flaps, the latter preferably with mutual connection by means of gluing, stapling, hooking or the like, are pressed into their locked support position, which can be done manually or likewise automatically on a further machine station.

To assemble a transport pallet of the type described above, a system is advantageously proposed in which a first erection station is used to gradually break the first blank, which has the edge girders and the support channel, and to apply glue to this blank, which is pre-cracked, to pre-break the spacer sections of the other, second blank and a second erection station is provided for the folded joining of the two blanks.

Such a system can be conveniently operated by one or two people, the first and second erection stations being semi-automatic machine units. These can be produced with a reasonable amount of design effort and make a significant contribution to the economic realization of the object on which the invention is based.

In order to make the processing of the blanks simple and still meet all the requirements for accuracy, the first erection station can be equipped with stops, alignment strips or similar positioning elements Troughs for receiving the to be folded or folded edge supports and support trough of the first cut equipped support table 'and a press ram over one of the troughs, preferably the central trough. The press stamp is preferably provided in such a way that it interacts with press elements which can be swiveled in laterally as a genetic form for overprinting the pre-break, as a result of which the restoring forces of the material used can be effectively prevented.

The second erection station can advantageously include form-changeable supports for receiving the pre-folded blank on the second erection station, wherein these supports can be movable from an essentially trapezoidal starting position into an essentially rectangular press position. So that the second erection station is designed so that the pre-folded on the first erection station can be accommodated comfortably, its regression is taken into account due to the restoring forces, but at the same time it can be deformed into the position required for the finished pallet. In order to enable the other blank to be joined together on this second erection station, the latter can comprise a glue slide which can be moved in one of its main directions, preferably its longitudinal direction, above the supports, this glue slide acting vertically, corresponding to the placement position of the blank and thus the position of the adhesive surfaces inner glue nozzles for the adhesive surfaces of the blank and inclined to act outer glue nozzles for the inner sides of the outer walls of the edge supports and the support tabs thereof. For joining together with the other, second cut after gluing, in a preferred further embodiment of the system, a pressure stamp designed as a flat plate is provided above the supports, which can be moved from its rest position into a working position directly above the support moved in a rectangular press position, whereby furthermore lateral pressure plates of the supports in a vertical position and thus in a pallet surrounding the pallet from the side horizontal press position are movable. In order to enable the other blank to be pre-crushed with respect to its spacer sections in a simple, easy-to-assemble manner immediately before joining the two blank sections, a pre-breaking device for the spacer sections can be arranged on the side of a frame of the second erection station.

The overall advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in the fact that a pallet is formed from essentially two blanks, the formation of which is extremely machine-friendly with respect to the folding operations to be carried out and their processing is thus possible on a continuously operating machine. The cuts do not form any undercuts, and they can be unfolded in only one direction. The sheet-like connection of the two blanks in combination with the box-shaped support bars and the support webs as well as further support elements and flaps results in a high torsional rigidity and thus a load-bearing capacity, which such pallets in particular as one-way pallets that only need to be erected by the loader, makes it extremely suitable, although multiple use is also possible.

• Fig. 1 eine für das Beladen fertige Palette,
• Fig. 2 einen ersten Zuschnitt zum Aufbau der Palette im aufgefalteten Zustand,
• Fig. 3 eine erste Ausführungsform eines zweiten Zuschnitts, ebenfalls im aufgefalteten Zustand,
• Fig. 4 eine zweite Ausführungsform des zweiten Zuschnitts im aufqefalteten Zustand
• Fig. 5 eine Vorderansicht einer Anlage zur Konfektionierung der erfindungsgemäßen Palette,
• Fig. 6 eine Daraufsicht auf die Anlage der Fig. 5 und
• Fig. 7 einen schematischen Ablauf der Palettenkonfektionierung.

Further training options, expediencies and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the exemplary embodiments shown in the highly schematic drawing. The drawing shows a perspective view

• 1 is a ready for loading pallet,
• 2 shows a first blank for the construction of the pallet in the unfolded state,
• 3 shows a first embodiment of a second blank, likewise in the unfolded state,
• Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the second blank in the unfolded state
• 5 is a front view of a system for assembling the pallet according to the invention,
• Fig. 6 is a plan view of the system of Fig. 5 and
• Fig. 7 shows a schematic sequence of the pallet assembly.

A pallet 1 constructed according to the invention from corrugated cardboard (FIG. 1) essentially comprises a first blank 2 and a second blank 3, both consisting of corrugated cardboard and provided in such a way that their corrugation directions (see FIGS. 2 and 3) are in the finished pallet Cross 1. The first blank 2 forms the base, especially with respect to the main or loading surface of the pallet, and the second blank 3 forms the top layer. In order to be able to easily drive under the pallet from its four sides with a floor conveyor such as a forklift or a similar loading and / or transport device, there are loaders 41 and loading openings 42 in the longitudinal or transverse direction - known per se from conventional pallets educated.

The details of function and structure of the relevant structural details can best be found in the individual representations of cuts 2 and 3 in FIGS. 2 and 3 and 4.

The first blank 2 can be unfolded from a substantially rectangular corrugated cardboard blank into the shape shown in FIG. 2, with sufficiently well-known folding and folding lines, e.g. crease lines (dashed or shown in thin lines), being provided for the folding at corresponding folding points, such as they are common in the corrugated cardboard industry. Along its longitudinal edges, support beam-like edge supports 21 are formed on the first blank, which have a U-shaped or channel-like shape have and determine outer surfaces 2la and inner surfaces 2li. Between the two edge supports, here centrally arranged, a support channel 22 constructed in a similar manner, which is also designed and acts in the manner of a support beam, is provided. Between the edge supports 21 and the support channel 22 are the rectangular passages or loaders 41, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the cut and thus the finished pallet, into which the forks of a forklift truck, pallet truck or the like. can intervene for the purpose of lifting and / or transporting the pallet 1. Correspondingly, openings 24 are provided in the outer surfaces 21a in the direction of the extension of the pallet, and openings 25 are made in the inner surfaces 21i and in the side walls of the support channel 22. Openings 24 and openings 25 together form the loading openings 42. The openings 24 are recesses delimited by support tabs 2R, the width of these support tabs corresponding to the width of the edge supports 21 and having lugs 29 on their free vertical edges with respect to a vertical pivot axis (not designated), which cut into slot-shaped recesses 23 in can snap into the inner surfaces 21i. The openings 25 are formed by three-sided punching out of tongues 26, which remain firmly connected on one side with the cutting material and extend from the folding or crease lines provided for the edge supports 21 or the support channel 22 such that these tongues when folding the edge support and support channel 26 form an extension of the main surface of the unfolded blank 2, which main surface forms an adhesive surface 27, beyond the fold lines. In the area of the support channel 22, the dimensions of the tongues 26 and thus the openings 25 are provided such that the tongues 26 practically cover the entire support channel 22 and mutually opposing tongues 26 butt so that a quasi-closed surface is created in this area. The protrusion of the tongues 26 over the fold lines for the edge girders and the support channel contributes significantly to an increase in the load-bearing capacity, in particular the resistance to buckling and torsion. In order not to be the folding of the outer support tabs 28 prevent, the tongues 26 located above the edge supports are provided with a circular recess 26a corresponding to the pivoting radius of the support tabs 28.

The function of the adhesive surface 27 and of slot-shaped recesses 23 on the bottom and in the inner surfaces 21i of the edge supports 2] or the support channel 22 becomes clear in connection with the re-alignment of the second blank 3.

The second blank 3 likewise consists of a punched blank which is right in its outer contours and, corresponding to the edge carriers 21 of the first blank, has angled foldable spacer cuts 31 along its length edges, the height of which, in conjunction with the corresponding outer surfaces 21a of the edge carriers 21, essentially corresponds to the height of the pallet 1 determined. These spacer sections 31 abut against the outer surfaces 21a when the pallet is assembled. The second blank 3, as can be seen from FIG. 3, in the unfolded state essentially forms the shape of a flat, inverted IJ, the legs of which are determined by the spacing sections 31 and the web of which forms a main surface 34, which is the area connection with the first blank 2 serves. At locations which correspond to the openings 24 or openings 25 of the first blank 2, windows 35 are provided in the spacer sections 31 by pre-punching during the manufacture of the blank, which windows are initially closed by support flaps 36 stamped free on three sides and articulated on one-sided fold lines. When assembling the pallet, these flaps 36 are opened and connected to the support tabs 28, for example by gluing or stapling, and are locked in the slots 23. In order to use the support flaps 34 to increase the strength and load-bearing capacity of the pallet, they are designed as horizontal support webs and their width is such that they extend over the entire width of the edge supports 21 and into the slot-shaped recesses 23 provided in the inner surfaces 21i Help can be provided by noses 33 provided on them. It is one positive and non-positive locking of these forizontal support webs 36 together with the support brackets 28 is possible, so that these parts significantly increase the rigidity of the peripheral tears, in particular their rigidity and thus the torsional strength of the entire range. Furthermore, vertical support webs 32 which are hinged on one side and are cut free on three sides and whose height corresponds to that of the spacer cuts 3] are punched out of the surface of the second blank 3 and the tabs 33 on their free edges opposite the fold lines correspond to the tabs 33 of the support flaps (horizontal support webs) 36 wear. The width of the vertical support ribs 32 corresponds essentially to the width of the edge girders 21 or the support channel 22, and the support webs 32 are arranged at the positions of that gutter corresponding points of the second blank 3, so that the support webs 32 are folded into the channels and hear Lugs 33 can engage in the slot-shaped recesses 23. The support webs 32 can lie tightly against the side walls of the grooves of the edge supports 21 or the central support beam 22, although their main direction of loading is the vertical. It should be noted in this connection that in the second blank 3, the corrugation direction of the corrugated cardboard runs in the longitudinal direction of the blank, so that the wave course in the vertical support webs 32 is vertical and horizontal in the horizontal support webs 36, which results in corresponding, optimal load conditions . In the first blank 2, on the other hand, the shaft runs in the transverse direction, so that the edge supports 21 and the support channel 22 and the support tabs 28 can be loaded in the vertical as well as high bending moments in the main surface 27 with the tongues 26 are possible.

As can be seen from the figures, the inner support webs 32 on the edge are somewhat narrower than the others, so that a sufficient edge web (not designated) remains above the window 35 to delimit the same.

A variant of the second blank 3 is shown in FIG. 4. There are the spacer sections 31 of the embodiment of FIG. 3 formed by box-shaped, rectangular nefold supporting elements 37, which thus have a higher section modulus than the straight-sided spacer sections 31. The width of these box-shaped support elements 37 corresponds to the inner dimensions of the edge supports 71, so that the traction elements 37 can easily be inserted into the edge supports. If the support elements 37 run continuously over the entire length of the second blank 3, the tongues 26 must not be formed in the area of the outer peripheral tears of the first blank. But it is also possible to provide recesses similar to the windows 35 along the inner wall of the support elements 37 over the entire height of the inner wall, so that the support elements can be inserted over the tongues 26 into the edge supports 21, the horizontal support webs then on this side 36 of FIG. 3 corresponding support webs can be provided and the support webs in the outer wall of the support elements 37 can be dispensed with. To lock the support webs 32 slots 3P are arranged in the lifting of the box-shaped support elements 37. A design corresponding to FIG. 3 can be provided for the windows not shown here in detail.

The two blanks 2 and 3, provided with the necessary punchings and folding lines, can be delivered to the user in a flat state by the corrugated cardboard manufacturer, so that there is a minimal transport volume for this transport and the parts can be stored in a space-saving manner until they are used. At the user, the parts prepared in this way are then erected, for example, on a semi-automatic erecting device, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, according to the diagram in FIG. 7 into the shapes shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and 4, respectively. These are put together in pairs, so that the final shape of the pallet 1 results.

5 and 6, two erection stations 5 and 6 can be seen, next to which, conveniently close to the respective first processing station, are the first blanks 2 and second blanks 3 delivered on pallets by the corrugated cardboard producer.

The first erection station 5 serves for the gradual pre-breaking of the first blank 2 in the order of the stages I, II and III shown in FIG. 7, namely in accordance with the creasing lines, which in the initial stage I and in the left part of the stage II as solid thin lines 2 ⁿ shown and are attached by the corrugated cardboard producer. 7 For the purpose of this preliminary breaking, the first erection station 5 comprises, on a frame 50, a support table 51 which is equipped with stops, straightening strips or similar positioning elements (not shown here) and with channels 52. The latter also serve to align and accommodate the edge girders of the first blank 2 which are to be folded or folded step by step in accordance with I, II and III (FIG. 7). To break the blank open, there is a suitable means on the frame 50 above the central groove 52 Press stamp 53 stored, which can be seen here in its rest position. From this it is lowered in the direction of the groove 52 when the blank 2 is aligned in the correct position for the preliminary breaking of one of the edge supports or the support groove on the support table 51. Placing the blanks 2 and aligning them on the support table 51 and moving them step by step after breaking the individual three steps is done by hand, so that this erection station works semi-automatically. - In order to keep the restoring forces, which are very considerable, especially in the case of corrugated cardboard, as low as possible, after the press ram 53 engages, the rectangular shape produced by this, as can be seen in stage II in FIG. 7, can be overpressed press elements, not shown here, which can be swiveled in laterally. This takes place as long as the rectangularly shaped part is still in the central groove 52. The rectangular shaped part compressed into a trapezoid that tapers from the bottom up. As a result of the restoring forces, this trapezoid, after being removed from the central channel 57, still assumes the shape of a trapezoid that widens upwards, particularly in step III of FIG. 7.

The joining of the pre-broken first blank 2 with a correspondingly pre-broken second blank 3 takes place in the second erection station 6. On a frame 60 of the same, a pre-breaking device 64 for the distance cuts 31 of the second blank 3 is provided on the one hand, recognizable on the right, while on the other hand on the frame form-changeable supports 61 and side pressure plates 611 cooperating with them, which can be moved by means of pressure cylinders 612 according to the arrows E, are arranged. The shape-changing pads 61 are movable from a trapezoidal starting position A shown in solid lines, which corresponds to the shape of the pre-cuts of the blank 2 in stage III, into a rectangular press layer B shown in dashed lines, with the purpose of holding or pressing during Assembling the blanks, the side pressure plates 611 are moved according to arrow E into the position also shown in broken lines. However, before this assignment takes place from the trapezoidal starting position A into the pressing position R, the blank 2 placed in the supports 61 is sprayed with glue. For this purpose, a glue carriage 62, which can be filled from a glue container 7 arranged in the vicinity of the second erection station 6, is arranged on the frame 60 so as to be movable in the direction of the arrow L (FIG. 6). The glue slide 62 comprises inner glue nozzles 621 and outer glue nozzles 622. The inner glue nozzles 621 serve for glue spraying the main surfaces 27 of the blank 2, the outer, inclined glue nozzles 622 for applying glue to the inner sides of the outer surfaces 21a of the edge supports 21, including the support tabs 2R.

When the glue is applied, the direction is from above of the arrow F (FIG. 7) the second blank 3 pre-stitched with regard to its spacing sections 31. The blanks 2 are then pressed by means of the supports 61 into the pressing position R according to the arrows D in stage III according to FIG. 7. By moving down a pressure ram 63 and placing the side pressure plates 611 against the outer sides of the spacer cuts 31, the two blanks are pressed together, so that they result in the palette recognizable in FIG. 7. Subsequently, the support webs can still be pressed into their locked support position in order to finally get the finished pallet 1 according to FIG. This pressing in of the support webs can either take place at the second erection station, but it is equally possible to provide automatic folding elements for this, which work with the required precision. If necessary, a further machine station can be provided for this.

The main surfaces lying against one another (upper surface of the first blank 2 and lower surface of the second blank 3) can be provided with glue in the form of points, lines or planes and thus glued to one another. The result of the two-dimensional gluing, the support by means of the support webs and the suitable seat in connection with the cross-over arrangement of the two blanks to one another is an extremely stable pallet 1 which has a high degree of buckling and rigidity.

On the second blank 3, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 3, predetermined breaking points 80 defined by perforations can be formed in the edge region above the windows 35. These predetermined breaking points 80 tear in a conventional manner when the loaded pallet is strapped, if the load does not protrude beyond the edge of the pallet, and form an edge protection. The strapping is passed through the loading openings 42.

Of course, it is possible and conceivable to vary the number of support webs and their arrangement on the blanks. Additional plating elements can also be provided between the two blanks. Of course, instead of gluing, the two blanks can be fastened to one another by means of staples, as long as a sufficiently intimate connection between the two blanks is achieved and the cross-shaft connection is effective.

Although the invention is described in connection with the material corrugated cardboard, other similar, similarly made foldable material of similar advantages (low weight, low material costs), which has predetermined different loading directions, such as cardboard, in which the fiber direction is also suitable for such pallets different loading criteria similar to the corrugation of corrugated cardboard.

It is of course also possible to add additional measures such as coating e.g. with shellac, water glass, PE, acrylic resin or the like. to make it particularly resistant to environmental, especially weather, so that the pallets can be stored outdoors.

Reference sign list

• 1 pallet
• 2 first blank 21 (a, b) edge supports
• 22 Tragrione
• 23 recess
• 24 breakthrough
• 25 opening
• 26 tongue, punched-out part
• 27 connecting, adhesive surface
• 28 crease line
• 29
• 3 second cut
• 31 distance section
• 32 support bridge
• 33 nose
• 34 adhesive surface
• 35 windows
• 36 horizontal support web
• 37 box-shaped support element
• 38 recess
• 41 loading channel

Claims (27)

1. From at least two interconnectable corrugated cardboard blanks that can be produced, a pallet that can be driven under, in which the blanks can be at least partially connected to one another in a flat manner and arranged in such a way that the directions of their corrugations cross, with a first of the blanks being integrally formed, along a A pair of opposite pallet edges extending, supporting beam-like edge girders, which are substantially open on their side facing the other, second blank and can be inserted into the support elements, and between the two edge girders has at least one inner, support beam-like support channel, and wherein the support elements face one of the supporting surfaces Pallet-forming main surface of the second of the blanks are deformable, characterized in that a) on the second blank (3) extending over its entire length along its edges associated with the opposite supporting beam-like edge supports (21), angled, the pallet height corresponding spacer sections (31) are arranged and b) the support elements are provided in the form of support webs (32) which can be folded out of at least one of the blanks and snap into corresponding recesses (23) in the respective other blank (2 or 3). 2. Transport pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the pallet (1) is optionally accessible from all sides and the edge girders (21), the inner Carrier trough (22) and the spacer sections (31) extending into the edge girders have recesses (26, 25, 35) for forming loading openings (42). 3. Transport plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support webs (32) on which the spacer cuts (31) carrying blank (3) are arranged and in the open edge supports (21) and gqf. engage the inner trough (22). ≠≠ 4. Transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support webs (32) on the edge supports (21) or the support channel (22) are arranged corresponding positions and in their width essentially that of the edge supports (21) - or support channel (22). 5. Transport pallet according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that in the outer surfaces (21a) of the edge support (21) openings (24) and in the edge support inner surfaces (21i) and in the support channel (22) with the openings (24 ) aligned openings (25) are provided, while, aligned with openings (24) and openings (25), there are windows (35) in the spacer sections (31), which are at least partially stamped out by support flaps (36 ) are determined, the width of which essentially corresponds to the inside width of the channel-shaped edge supports (21) and which can be folded into the latter and locked in a form-fitting manner therein. 6. Transport pallet according to claim 5, characterized in that the openings (25) from the upper edges of the edge support inner surfaces (21i) or the support channel (22) extend downward and from the main surface (27) of the blank (2) on three sides so cut free (Die-cut) are that the cut-out parts remain as tongues (26) in the plane of the main surface (77) serving as the connection to the other blank (3) between the edge supports (21) or the support channel (22). 7. Transport pallet according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the openings (24) in the outer surfaces (21a) of the edge support (21) are at least partially determined by punched, pivotally pivoted about vertical axes support tabs (2P), the width of which is substantially corresponds to the inside width of the edge girders (21) and they are foldable into the latter and can be interlocked with the inside surfaces (21i). R. Transport pallet according to claim 7, characterized in that the support tabs (2P) with the support flaps (36) are non-positively and / or positively connected. 9. Transport pallet according to claim P, characterized in that the interconnected support tabs (28) and support flaps (36) are arranged in this area, in the edge supports (21) foldable support webs (32 a) of the second blank (3) can be locked. 10. Transport pallet according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the recesses or the openings (24), openings (25), windows (35), support tabs (28) and / or support flaps (36) substantially over extend the total height of the pallet (1). 11 transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the spacer sections as in the trough-shaped edge support (21) fitting box-shaped support elements (37) are formed. 12. Transport pallet according to claim 11, characterized in that the support webs (32) provided in the region of the box-shaped support elements (37) engage in recesses (38) in the bottom surface of the support elements (37). 13. Transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the waves of the material in which the edge carrier (21) and the support channel (22) comprising blank in the transverse direction of the pallet (1) and in the other, the spacer sections (31 ) bearing blank (3) run in the longitudinal direction. 14. Transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the blanks (2, 3), preferably on the second blank (3) and in the region of the windows (35) or loading openings (42), predetermined breaking points ( 80) defined width are provided. 15. Transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the blanks (2, 3) consist of multi-layer, preferably two-layer corrugated cardboard. 16. Method for producing a transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in a folding and pressing station the first blank (2) having the edge carrier (21) is gradually broken, whereby first the first edge carrier (21), then the support channel (22) and finally the second edge beam (21) are broken, and that its surfaces (21, 26, 27) directed against the other, second blank (3) are sprayed with glue, that at the same time the spacer sections (31) of the second blank (3) and that the latter is then placed on the first blank (2) or inserted with the spacer cuts (31) into the edge supports (21) and from above and laterally a contact pressure on the shape the edge support and support channel supported parts are exercised. I7.Method according to claim 16, characterized in that after removal of the folded, glued pallet (1) from the folding and pressing station, the support webs (32) and optionally the support tabs (28) and flaps (36), the latter preferably with mutual connection by means of gluing, stapling, hooking or the like, are pressed into their locked support position. 18. System for confectioning a transport pallet according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that for the gradual pre-breaking of the edge girders (21) and the support channel (22) having the first blank (2) a first erection station (5) and for applying Glue is provided on this pre-cropped blank, for pre-breaking the spacer sections (31) of the other, second blank (3) and for the folded joining of the two blanks (2, 3) a second erection station (6). 19. Plant according to claim 18, characterized in that the first and second erection station are semi-automatic machine units (5, 6). 20. Installation according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the first erection station (5) with stops, alignment strips or similar positioning elements and with channels (52) for receiving the edge carrier (21) and carrier channel to be folded or folded (22) of the first blank (2) equipped support table (51) and a press ram (53) over one of the grooves (52), preferably the central groove. 21.A system according to claim 20, characterized in that the press ram (53) interacts with press elements which can be inserted laterally as a counterform for overpressing the preliminary break. 22. Installation according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the second erection station (6) comprises form-changeable supports (61) for receiving the pre-folded blank (2) on the first erection station (5), these supports consisting essentially of a trapezoidal starting position (A) can be moved into an essentially rectangular press position (8). 23. Installation according to claim 22, characterized in that the second erection station (6) comprises a glue carriage (62) which can be moved in one of its main directions, preferably its longitudinal direction (L), above the supports (61). 24. Installation according to claim 23, characterized in that the glue slide (62) acts vertically acting inner glue nozzles (621) for the adhesive surfaces (27) of the blank (2) and inclined outer glue nozzles (622) for the inner sides of the outer walls of the edge supports (21) the same. 25.A system according to one of claims 22 and 24, characterized in that above the supports (61) a pressure plate (63) designed as a flat plate is provided which, from its rest position into a working position directly above the support (61 in a rectangular press position) ) is movable, and that side pressure plates (611) of the supports (61) can be moved into a vertical position and thus a horizontal pre-sheet that bypasses the pallet (1) from the side of the edge supports (21). 26. Plant according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that a pre-breaking device (64) for the spacer sections (31) of the other blank (3) is arranged laterally on a frame (60) of the second erection station.

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