EP0181885A4 - Coated fish feed pellets and process for making the same. - Google Patents

Coated fish feed pellets and process for making the same.

Info

Publication number
EP0181885A4
EP0181885A4 EP19850902369 EP85902369A EP0181885A4 EP 0181885 A4 EP0181885 A4 EP 0181885A4 EP 19850902369 EP19850902369 EP 19850902369 EP 85902369 A EP85902369 A EP 85902369A EP 0181885 A4 EP0181885 A4 EP 0181885A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellets
coating
feed
gel
settable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19850902369
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0181885A1 (en
Inventor
James P Cox
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0181885A1 publication Critical patent/EP0181885A1/en
Publication of EP0181885A4 publication Critical patent/EP0181885A4/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/10—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to coated fish feed pellets and to the process for making the same.
  • the pellets may be so hard as to be unpalatable to the fish and, consequently, rejected by them.
  • the pellets may be so soft or friable that they disintegrate or dissolve so quickly that they become largely unavailable for fish food.
  • Other pellets are so hard and dense that they sink to the bottom of the tank or pond where they are not readily available to the fish.
  • Another disadvantage of prior fish feed pellets is that they deteriorated undesirably quickly, particularly if they were not refrigerated.
  • pellets contained less fat or oil than was desirable in order to make them less subject to disintegration.
  • the result of the use of such prior pellets was that a substantial amount of the fish food was unavailable to the fish and such unavailable portion of the fish food served to enrich or fertilize the tanks or ponds so as to promote the growth of algae and aquatic vegetation which is undesirable in rearing tanks or ponds.
  • marine life feed pellets are manufactured by mixing settable gels with pellet feed material, or by coating preformed pellets with such settable gel material. Coatings formed by such gels provide firm but soft and flexible consistency.
  • the settable gels may be alginate or guar gum set by an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, or may be gum tragacanth, pectin or gelatin.
  • the resulting pellet is coherent and does not readily disintegrate either in dry form or in water and, while firm, has a surface that is soft and flexible, making the pellet palatable to marine life, is the degree of firmness of the pellet consistency can be varied and to enable the moisture content and/or the oil or fat content to be greater than previously provided without adversely affecting the texture or keeping qualities of the pellet.
  • the pellet is durable and will not deteriorate appreciably throughout a long period prior to use even though it is not frozen or refrigerated. Such pellets can have different buoyancy characteristics so that they will float instead of sinking, or may sink gradually, or may seek different depths. Pellets having such desirable attributes can be produced economically with consistent characteristics.
  • the body or core of the pellets utilized for the present invention may be composed of conventional fish feed pellet material, as follows:
  • ligninsulfonate Pellets can be made from the foregoing ingredients by a variety of different pelletizing machines which are commonly used in the feed industry. Such machines may form the pellets by molding them under pressure in mold cavities or by extrusion. The lignosulfonate binder provides cohesiveness for the other materials. In the formation of the pellets, the nonaqueous ingredients are mixed into a dough by the inclusion of from 10 percent to 35 percent of water depending upon the consistency of the pellet desired.
  • the present invention provides a coating for the core pellets composed principally of gel material and gel-setting material although, where a larger proportion of water is used in the formation of the pellet dough, it may be desirable to include some gel material in the bod -dough mixture itself.
  • the coating may be formed by the interaction of settable gel material and gel-setting material.
  • settable gel material could be alginate, pectin, gum tragacanth, guar gum or gelatin
  • the preferred gel material is sodium alginate.
  • various gel-setting agents could be used in conjunction with the settable gel material, a preferred gel-setting material is calcium chloride.
  • the sodium alginate can be mixed with water in the ratio of 2 percent alginate to 98 percent water by weight and this alginate-water mixture is sprayed onto the surface of a preformed pellet, or the preformed pellet is otherwise drenched with the settable gel aqueous liquid.
  • gel-setting material is applied to the surface of the pellets such as by a spray.
  • Such spray may be a mixture of 10 percent calcium chloride and 90 percent water by weight.
  • the coating can consist only of the settable gel and the gel-setting material, such coating can serve as a vehicle for additional oil, such as fish oil.
  • the amount of oil supplied in the coating can be 5 percent to 10 percent of the weight of the pellet. Such oil will serve to plasticize the coating and make it softer.
  • the oil may be of different types such as coconut oil, fat or tallow, which can alter the specific gravity of the pellet.
  • the pellet-coating material may also serve as a vehicle for preservative for the pellet material, such as aldehyde, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene glycol, propionic acid, sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide.
  • aldehyde used should be an edible aldehyde such as vanillin, anisaldehyde or butyraldehyde.
  • the specific gravity of the coated pellet is approximately 1 and can be adjusted so that the pellet will float or will sink slowly in water of different densities, not only by a judicious selection of the type and quantity of oil included in the body of the pellet and in its coating, but the settable gel and water mixture can be aerated by beating it prior to applying it to the surface of the pellets so that minute air bubbles will be trapped in the coating as it is set by the gel-setting material applied to the surface of the pellets immediately after the settable gel material is applied to increase the buoyancy of the pellet.
  • Specific examples of pellets made in accordance with the present invention are illustrated by the following examples:
  • the surfaces of the preformed pellets are sprayed with a settable gel mixture of 1 percent by weight of sodium alginate in warm water.
  • the amount of such settable gel material sprayed onto the surface of the pellets should be approximately 5 percent of the weight of the pellets.
  • Such spraying may be accomplished while the pellets are free-falling or are being transported by a conveyor.
  • the pellets are sprayed with gel-setting material which may be 10 percent by weight aqueous solution of calcium chloride.
  • the amount of such gel-setting material sprayed onto the pellets may be approximately 5 percent of the weight of the pellets.
  • the pellets may be passed through a drying atmosphere to facilitate setting of the coating.
  • the pelletizing material may consist of the following ingredients: Weight fish meal 20.0 % wheat middlings 37.05 % wheat flour 5.0 % soybean meal 15.0 % dried blood meal • 10.0 % fish oil 10.0 % ligninsulfonate 2.0 % trace mineral premix 0.1 % vitamin premix 0.6 % choline chloride 0.175% ascorbic acid 0.075%
  • pelletizing ingredients except for the oil, may be mixed with 10 percent to 25 percent of water into a dough and pellets formed by being pressed in a mold or by being extruded.
  • the gel coating is formed by mixing 2 percent of sodium alginate with water and spraying such settable gel material onto the surface of the pellets, or otherwise drenching the surfaces of the pellets, using an amount of settable gel material equal to approximately 8 percent of the weight of the pellets.
  • 1 percent by weight of bentonite and 1/2 percent by weight of ammonium hydroxide are blended with the 10 percent of fish oil specified in the pellet material formula.
  • Such mixture is applied to the pellets as a coating over the settable gel material.
  • the pellets are then immediately sprayed with a gel-setting material consisting of a 10 percent by weight solution of calcium chloride in water. An amount of such solution equal to approximately 1 percent by weight of the pellets of such gel-setting material should be applied to the pellets.
  • the pellets may then be subjected to a heated atmosphere to facilitate drying and setting of the coating.
  • the pellets made according to the procedure of Example 2 have their entire oil content in the coating, which deters solution or dissipation of the pellet material into water surrounding the pellet. Also, the presence of the oil in the coating will plasticize the coating to soften its consistency so as to make it more palatable for fish.
  • the settable gel coating can incorporate edible aldehyde such as vanillin, anisaldehyde or butyraldehyde.
  • the settable gel coating may, for example, consist of 2 percent by weight of alginate, 18 percent by weight of aldehyde and 60 percent by weight of water.
  • the amount of settable gel material applied to the surface of preformed pellets should be equal to at least approximately 10 percent to 15 percent of the weight of the uncoated pellets.
  • An alternative procedure for preserving pellets having a moisture content of 15 percent or more is to coat the pellets with a settable gel coating that does not incorporate aldehyde and then smoke the pellets with smoke from burning grease that contains the aldehyde acrolein.
  • Example 3 Pellets made from the following ingredients may be particularly suitable for feeding shrimp:
  • Pellets may be made from this material by mixing it into a dough by the addition of 10 percent to 25 percent by weight of water. Such pellets may be coated with a settable gel coating in the manner described in connection with Example 1.
  • Representative equipment for producing and coating pellets includes storage bins a, b, c, etc. having hopper bottoms for the various dry ingredients to be included in the pellet mix.
  • Supply pipes from the several storage bins feed into the common line 2 through which the dry material passes to the ribbon blender 3.
  • Such supply pipes may be screw conveyors.
  • the oil and water components are also supplied to such blender to enable the blender to form the pellet material into a dough.
  • the dough is transferred by the screw conveyor 4 to a multiple strand extruder 5.
  • One or more knife blades 6 extending radially from a rotating shaft 7 sever the strands extruded from the machine 5 into pellets 8 which fall onto a collecting conveyor 9.
  • the settable gel material may be sprayed onto the pellets followed by spraying onto them the gel-setting material. Drying and setting of the coating on the pellets can be facilitated by passing the conveyor 9 through a heated drying atmosphere following which the pellets are dumped from the discharge end of the conveyor into a freeze blast air conveyor 10 where the pellets are frozen. From such air conveyor, the pellets are discharged into a bagger 11 which deposits the completed pellets into bags 12 for storage and transportation to the location where the feed is to be used.
  • carbon dioxide or nitrogen can be supplied to the bags so that when they are sealed the pellets will remain in an inert atmosphere to promote preservation until the bags are opened at the location where the feed is to be used.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Abstract

Palatability of marine feed pellets is increased by coating preformed pellets with a coating of soft and flexible consistency that may be formed of alginate or guar gum set by calcium chloride solution or may incorporate gum tragacanth, pectin or gelatin.

Description

Description
COATED FISH FEED PELLETS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME.
Technical Field
This invention relates to coated fish feed pellets and to the process for making the same.
Background Art
In the past there has been considerable waste of fish food supplied for feeding fish in rearing tanks and ponds in fish hatcheries and fisheries because of one or more undesirable characteristics of the fish food. When the fish food is supplied in pellet form, the pellets may be so hard as to be unpalatable to the fish and, consequently, rejected by them. On the other hand, the pellets may be so soft or friable that they disintegrate or dissolve so quickly that they become largely unavailable for fish food. Other pellets are so hard and dense that they sink to the bottom of the tank or pond where they are not readily available to the fish. Another disadvantage of prior fish feed pellets is that they deteriorated undesirably quickly, particularly if they were not refrigerated. Other pellets contained less fat or oil than was desirable in order to make them less subject to disintegration. The result of the use of such prior pellets was that a substantial amount of the fish food was unavailable to the fish and such unavailable portion of the fish food served to enrich or fertilize the tanks or ponds so as to promote the growth of algae and aquatic vegetation which is undesirable in rearing tanks or ponds.
Previous attempts have been made to provide a softer pellet which would be more palatable to fish. Such softer texture, however, usually was provided by increasing the moisture content which increased the problem of disintegration and dissolution of the pellet material and further tended to promote deterioration of the pellet material prior to use and, consequently, shortened the shelf life of the pellets. If the pellets were dispensed in frozen condition for preservation and to deter disintegration, special apparatus was required to distribute the pellets over the water.
Disclosure of the Invention In accordance with the present invention marine life feed pellets are manufactured by mixing settable gels with pellet feed material, or by coating preformed pellets with such settable gel material. Coatings formed by such gels provide firm but soft and flexible consistency. The settable gels may be alginate or guar gum set by an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, or may be gum tragacanth, pectin or gelatin. The resulting pellet is coherent and does not readily disintegrate either in dry form or in water and, while firm, has a surface that is soft and flexible, making the pellet palatable to marine life, is the degree of firmness of the pellet consistency can be varied and to enable the moisture content and/or the oil or fat content to be greater than previously provided without adversely affecting the texture or keeping qualities of the pellet. The pellet, is durable and will not deteriorate appreciably throughout a long period prior to use even though it is not frozen or refrigerated. Such pellets can have different buoyancy characteristics so that they will float instead of sinking, or may sink gradually, or may seek different depths. Pellets having such desirable attributes can be produced economically with consistent characteristics.
Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is an elevation of schematic equipment that can be used for the production of coated pellets according to the present invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
The body or core of the pellets utilized for the present invention may be composed of conventional fish feed pellet material, as follows:
Weight Protein 80.0% to 95.0% animal protein selected from fish meal herring meal wet fish mix crab meal dried whey dried blood dried blood meal vegetable protein selected from wheat flour wheat middlings wheat germ meal soy flour soy bean meal cottonseed meal corn meal tapioca starch
Oil 5.0% to 20.0% fish oil selected from herring oil menhayden oil Fortifying Ingredients less than 1.0% trace minerals vitamins choline chloride ascorbic acid Binder 0.0% to 4.0% ligninsulfonate Pellets can be made from the foregoing ingredients by a variety of different pelletizing machines which are commonly used in the feed industry. Such machines may form the pellets by molding them under pressure in mold cavities or by extrusion. The lignosulfonate binder provides cohesiveness for the other materials. In the formation of the pellets, the nonaqueous ingredients are mixed into a dough by the inclusion of from 10 percent to 35 percent of water depending upon the consistency of the pellet desired. The present invention provides a coating for the core pellets composed principally of gel material and gel-setting material although, where a larger proportion of water is used in the formation of the pellet dough, it may be desirable to include some gel material in the bod -dough mixture itself.
The coating may be formed by the interaction of settable gel material and gel-setting material. While the settable gel material could be alginate, pectin, gum tragacanth, guar gum or gelatin, the preferred gel material is sodium alginate. Also, while various gel-setting agents could be used in conjunction with the settable gel material, a preferred gel-setting material is calcium chloride.
The sodium alginate can be mixed with water in the ratio of 2 percent alginate to 98 percent water by weight and this alginate-water mixture is sprayed onto the surface of a preformed pellet, or the preformed pellet is otherwise drenched with the settable gel aqueous liquid. Immediately after the application of the settable gel to the surface of the pellets, gel-setting material is applied to the surface of the pellets such as by a spray. Such spray may be a mixture of 10 percent calcium chloride and 90 percent water by weight. While the coating can consist only of the settable gel and the gel-setting material, such coating can serve as a vehicle for additional oil, such as fish oil. The amount of oil supplied in the coating can be 5 percent to 10 percent of the weight of the pellet. Such oil will serve to plasticize the coating and make it softer. Moreover, the oil may be of different types such as coconut oil, fat or tallow, which can alter the specific gravity of the pellet.
The pellet-coating material may also serve as a vehicle for preservative for the pellet material, such as aldehyde, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene glycol, propionic acid, sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide. The aldehyde used should be an edible aldehyde such as vanillin, anisaldehyde or butyraldehyde.
The specific gravity of the coated pellet is approximately 1 and can be adjusted so that the pellet will float or will sink slowly in water of different densities, not only by a judicious selection of the type and quantity of oil included in the body of the pellet and in its coating, but the settable gel and water mixture can be aerated by beating it prior to applying it to the surface of the pellets so that minute air bubbles will be trapped in the coating as it is set by the gel-setting material applied to the surface of the pellets immediately after the settable gel material is applied to increase the buoyancy of the pellet. Specific examples of pellets made in accordance with the present invention are illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1
Weight fish meal 50.0 % wheat flour 9.6 % soy flour 15.0 % dried blood flour 10.0 % fish oil 12.0 % ligninsulfonate 2.0 % trace mineral premix 0.5 % vitamin premix 0.6 % choline chloride 0.225% ascorbic acid 0.075% -fa- Water in the amount of 10 percent to 25 percent of the foregoing ingredients by weight may be mixed with the pelletizing ingredients to form a dough which may be formed into pellets by being pressed in a mold or by being extruded.
The surfaces of the preformed pellets are sprayed with a settable gel mixture of 1 percent by weight of sodium alginate in warm water. The amount of such settable gel material sprayed onto the surface of the pellets should be approximately 5 percent of the weight of the pellets. Such spraying may be accomplished while the pellets are free-falling or are being transported by a conveyor. Immediately thereafter the pellets are sprayed with gel-setting material which may be 10 percent by weight aqueous solution of calcium chloride. The amount of such gel-setting material sprayed onto the pellets may be approximately 5 percent of the weight of the pellets. Following the two pellet-spraying operations, the pellets may be passed through a drying atmosphere to facilitate setting of the coating.
Example 2 The pelletizing material may consist of the following ingredients: Weight fish meal 20.0 % wheat middlings 37.05 % wheat flour 5.0 % soybean meal 15.0 % dried blood meal • 10.0 % fish oil 10.0 % ligninsulfonate 2.0 % trace mineral premix 0.1 % vitamin premix 0.6 % choline chloride 0.175% ascorbic acid 0.075%
The foregoing pelletizing ingredients, except for the oil, may be mixed with 10 percent to 25 percent of water into a dough and pellets formed by being pressed in a mold or by being extruded.
The gel coating is formed by mixing 2 percent of sodium alginate with water and spraying such settable gel material onto the surface of the pellets, or otherwise drenching the surfaces of the pellets, using an amount of settable gel material equal to approximately 8 percent of the weight of the pellets. When the coating material on the pellets has thickened, 1 percent by weight of bentonite and 1/2 percent by weight of ammonium hydroxide are blended with the 10 percent of fish oil specified in the pellet material formula. Such mixture is applied to the pellets as a coating over the settable gel material. The pellets are then immediately sprayed with a gel-setting material consisting of a 10 percent by weight solution of calcium chloride in water. An amount of such solution equal to approximately 1 percent by weight of the pellets of such gel-setting material should be applied to the pellets. The pellets may then be subjected to a heated atmosphere to facilitate drying and setting of the coating.
The pellets made according to the procedure of Example 2 have their entire oil content in the coating, which deters solution or dissipation of the pellet material into water surrounding the pellet. Also, the presence of the oil in the coating will plasticize the coating to soften its consistency so as to make it more palatable for fish.
For either type of pellet resulting from Example 1 and Example 2, if the moisture content of the pellet is high, such as 15 percent by weight of water or more, the settable gel coating can incorporate edible aldehyde such as vanillin, anisaldehyde or butyraldehyde. The settable gel coating may, for example, consist of 2 percent by weight of alginate, 18 percent by weight of aldehyde and 60 percent by weight of water. The amount of settable gel material applied to the surface of preformed pellets should be equal to at least approximately 10 percent to 15 percent of the weight of the uncoated pellets.
An alternative procedure for preserving pellets having a moisture content of 15 percent or more is to coat the pellets with a settable gel coating that does not incorporate aldehyde and then smoke the pellets with smoke from burning grease that contains the aldehyde acrolein.
Example 3 Pellets made from the following ingredients may be particularly suitable for feeding shrimp:
Weight herring meal 29.0 % crab meal 4.0 % wet fish mix 30.0 % dried whey 5.0 % wheat germ meal 4.5 % cottonseed meal 15.0 % corn meal 4.0 % herring oil 6.5 % choline chloride 0.5 % vitamin premix 1.5 %
Pellets may be made from this material by mixing it into a dough by the addition of 10 percent to 25 percent by weight of water. Such pellets may be coated with a settable gel coating in the manner described in connection with Example 1.
Representative equipment for producing and coating pellets includes storage bins a, b, c, etc. having hopper bottoms for the various dry ingredients to be included in the pellet mix. Supply pipes from the several storage bins feed into the common line 2 through which the dry material passes to the ribbon blender 3. Such supply pipes may be screw conveyors. The oil and water components are also supplied to such blender to enable the blender to form the pellet material into a dough. From the ribbon blender, the dough is transferred by the screw conveyor 4 to a multiple strand extruder 5. One or more knife blades 6 extending radially from a rotating shaft 7 sever the strands extruded from the machine 5 into pellets 8 which fall onto a collecting conveyor 9. During such fall the settable gel material may be sprayed onto the pellets followed by spraying onto them the gel-setting material. Drying and setting of the coating on the pellets can be facilitated by passing the conveyor 9 through a heated drying atmosphere following which the pellets are dumped from the discharge end of the conveyor into a freeze blast air conveyor 10 where the pellets are frozen. From such air conveyor, the pellets are discharged into a bagger 11 which deposits the completed pellets into bags 12 for storage and transportation to the location where the feed is to be used.
During the bagging operation, carbon dioxide or nitrogen can be supplied to the bags so that when they are sealed the pellets will remain in an inert atmosphere to promote preservation until the bags are opened at the location where the feed is to be used.

Claims

Claims
1. The process of making marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material and applying to the surface of the pellets settable gel material selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, gum tragacanth and guar gum, and gel-setting material.
2. The process of making marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material and coating the pellets with settable gel coating, which coating incorporates fish oil.
3. The process defined in claim 2, in which the coating incorporates fish oil in an amount such that the specific gravity of the feed pellets is approximately 1.
4. The process of making marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material and coating the pellets with settable gel coating, which coating incorporates edible aldehyde.
5. The process defined in claim 4, in which the edible aldehyde is selected from the group consisting of vanillin, anisaldehyde and butyraldehyde.
6. The process of making coated marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material, applying to the surface of such pellets a mixture of alginate and water, and thereafter applying to the surface of the pellets an aqueous calcium chloride solution to set the alginate for forming a coating on the pellets.
7. The process of making marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material including meal and lignosulfonate binder and coating the pellets with settable gel coating.
8. The process of making marine feed pellets which comprises forming pellets of feed material, coating the pellets by applying to the surface of the pellets settable gel material, and after such settable gel material has thickened applying a further coating containing bentonite, ammonium hydroxide and oil followed by applying to the surface of the pellets gel-setting material.
9. Marine feed pellets comprising a core of feed material, and a coating covering said core and including a set gel incorporating fish oil.
EP19850902369 1984-05-01 1985-04-26 Coated fish feed pellets and process for making the same. Ceased EP0181885A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60606484A 1984-05-01 1984-05-01
US606064 1984-05-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0181885A1 EP0181885A1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0181885A4 true EP0181885A4 (en) 1987-10-22

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ID=24426379

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EP19850902369 Ceased EP0181885A4 (en) 1984-05-01 1985-04-26 Coated fish feed pellets and process for making the same.

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0181885A4 (en)
JP (1) JPS61502025A (en)
KR (1) KR880002187B1 (en)
AU (1) AU4297785A (en)
DK (1) DK1486A (en)
FI (1) FI855201A0 (en)
IS (1) IS3007A7 (en)
NO (1) NO163551C (en)
NZ (1) NZ211929A (en)
PH (1) PH25407A (en)
WO (1) WO1985005015A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA853178B (en)

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US5128153A (en) * 1991-05-06 1992-07-07 Axelrod Herbert R Fish food pellet and method of feeding fish
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SE9504489L (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-06-09 Sveriges Staerkelseproducenter Fish feed in the form of pellets and process for making them
DE19739167A1 (en) * 1997-09-06 1999-03-11 Baensch Tetra Werke Gel-like food for aquatic animals
DE29722296U1 (en) 1997-12-18 1998-02-26 Sera GmbH, 52525 Heinsberg Pet food
GB2428678B (en) * 2005-08-02 2010-01-27 Univ Keele Glyceride compounds and uses thereof
JP5256449B2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2013-08-07 国立大学法人 長崎大学 Fish for seafood and method for producing the same
GB0602426D0 (en) 2006-02-07 2006-03-22 Trouw Internat Bv Feed for fish
KR100779011B1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2007-11-28 윤태영 Recyling device of feed for fish farming
KR100753763B1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2007-08-31 윤태영 Gravity control device of fish farming feed for making system
EP2861084A4 (en) * 2012-06-14 2016-06-22 Georgius Abidal Adam Neutrally buoyant ingestible compositions
BR102013016609A2 (en) * 2013-06-27 2016-08-30 Unicamp enriched feed for aquaculture
CN106343596A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-25 江苏桂陵饲料有限公司 Zero-power-consumption feed mixing distributing device
KR102336076B1 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-12-08 (주)코리아에프앤에프 Manufacturing method for soft extruding pellet feed
US20220400657A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-22 Kent Corporation Aquaculture feeding apparatus and method
EP4233554A1 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-08-30 Can Technologies, Inc. Coated fish feed compositions

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FI855201A (en) 1985-12-31
NZ211929A (en) 1988-05-30
DK1486D0 (en) 1986-01-02
FI855201A0 (en) 1985-12-31
NO163551B (en) 1990-03-12
AU4297785A (en) 1985-11-28
WO1985005015A1 (en) 1985-11-21
NO855344L (en) 1985-12-30
KR880002187B1 (en) 1988-10-17
ZA853178B (en) 1985-12-24
DK1486A (en) 1986-03-03
KR860700086A (en) 1986-03-31
IS3007A7 (en) 1985-10-29
NO163551C (en) 1990-06-20
EP0181885A1 (en) 1986-05-28
PH25407A (en) 1991-07-01
JPS61502025A (en) 1986-09-18

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