Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions
  • C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to spray-dried, granular detergent compositions.
• the present invention encompasses a spray dried granular detergent composition comprising:
• the detergent compositions of the present invention contain a nonsoap anionic detergent surfactant, a water-soluble alkali metal tripolyphosphate detergent builder, and a mixture of a polyacrylate polymer of selected molecular weight and a polyethylene glycol of selected molecular weight.
• the polyacrylate/polyethylene glycol mixtures herein provide a surprising boost to dispersion rates in cold water and improvement in physical properties.
• compositions of the present invention are prepared by spray drying and have superior physical characteristics.
• the detergent compositions herein contain from 5% to 50%, preferably from 10% to 30% of a nonsoap anionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
• Surfactants useful herein are listed in U.S. Patent 3,664,961, Norris, issued May 23, 1972, and in U.S. Patent 3,919,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975.
• Useful anionic surfactants include the water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having, in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from 10 to
• alkyl is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.
• this group of synthetic surfactants are the sodium and potassium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C 8 -C 18 carbon atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the sodium and potassium alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, in straight chain or branched chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in U.S.
• Patents 2,220,099 and 2,477,383 Especially valuable are linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from 11 to 13, abbreviated as C 11-13 LAS.
• anionic surfactants suitable for use herein are the sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfonates and sulfates; sodium or potassium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from 8 to 12 ' carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and sodium or potassium salts of alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include the water-soluble salts of esters of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-l-sulfonic acids containing from 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from 9 to
• alkyl ether sulfates containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; water-soluble salts of olefin or paraffin sulfonates containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from 1 to - 3 carbon atoms in the alkyloxy group and from
• Particularly preferred surfactants for use herein include sodium C 11-13 LAS, C 14-18 alkyl sulfates, C 14-18 alkyl linear polyethoxy sulfates containing from _ 1 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• compositions of the present invention contain from 20% to 60%, preferably from 30% to 50%, by weight of an alkali metal tripolyphosphate, preferably sodium tripolyphosphate.
• compositions of the present invention contain from 1% to 10%, preferably from 1.5% to 8% of a mixture of a polyethylene glycol and a polyacrylate.
• the polyethylene glycol and the polyacrylate are present in a weight ratio of from 1:10 to 10:1, preferably from 1:3 to 3:1.
• the polyethylene glycol has a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 50,000, preferably from 4,000 to 20,000.
• the polyacrylate has a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 20,000, preferably from 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 8,000.
• polyethylene glycols are preferred, other suitable polymeric materials are the condensation products of C 10-20 alcohols or C 8-18 alkyl phenols with sufficient ethylene oxide, i.e., more than 50% by weight of the polymer, so that the resultant product has a melting point above 35°C.
• Preferred polymers contain at least 70% ethylene oxide by weight and more preferred polymers contain at least 80% ethylene oxide by weight.
• Preferred polymeric materials have HLB values of at least
• Block and heteric polymers based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide addition to a low molecular weight organic compound containing one or more active hydrogen atoms are suitable in the practice of the invention.
• Polymers based on the addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to propylene glycol, ethylenediamine, and trimethylolpropane are commercially available under the names Pluronics®, Pluronic® R, Tetronics® and Pluradots® from the BASF Wyandotte Corporation of Wyandotte, Michigan.
• Corresponding nonproprietary names of the first three trade names are poloxamer, meroxapol and poloxamine, respectively.
• Optimum solubility of the polyacrylate is obtained when it is in the form of an at least partially neutralized alkali metal salts.
• the sodium salts are most preferred.
• Suitable polyacrylates herein are the partially or fully neutralized salts of polymers of acrylic acid.
• the percentage by weight of the polyacrylate units which is derived from acrylic acid is preferably greater than 80%.
• Suitable copolymerizable monomers include, for example, methacrylic acid, hydroxyacrylic acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, furan, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl propyl ether, acrylamide, ethylene, propylene and 3-butenoic acid. Mixtures of these polymers can also be used.
• the polyacrylate may also be added in the acid form and neutralized by various bases present.
• Preferred copolymers of the above group contain at least 90% by weight of units derived from the acrylic acid: Preferably essentially all of the polymer is derived from acrylic acid. Particularly preferred is sodium polyacrylate, especially when it has an average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 8,000.
• compositions of the invention can additionally contain up to 10%, preferably 5% of an organic surfactant selected from nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic, and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• organic surfactant selected from nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic, and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• the compositions can also contain other conventional ingredients, such as nonphosphorous builders, either organic or inorganic in nature.
• Useful nonionic materials include compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature.
• the length of the polyoxyalkylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from 3 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
• Preferred nonionics are the water-soluble condensation products of aliphatic alcohols containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched configuration, with from 3 to
• Suitable semi-polar nonionic surfactants include: (2) water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to
• Optional ampholytic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic, secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic moiety can be straight chain, or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent contains an anionic water-solubilizing group.
• Useful cationic surfactants include those described in U.S. Patent 4,222,905, Cockrell, issued September 16, 1980, and in U.S. Patent 4,239,659, Murphy, issued December 16, 1980,
• Optional zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium or phosphonium or ternary sulfonium compounds in which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
• alkylpolysaccharide surfactants are also useful in the compositions of the invention.
• the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula RO(C n H 2n O) t (glycosyl) x wherein R is selected from alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl and mixtures thereof, in which said alkyl groups contain from
• the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
• the detergent compositions of the invention can optionally contain water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange material of the formula wherein z and y are at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is from 1.0 to 0.5 and x is from 10 to 264.
• Amorphous hydrated aluminosilicate materials useful herein have the empirical formula M z (zAlO 2 ⁇ ySiO 2 ) wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, z is from 0.5 to 2 and y is 1, said material having a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at least 50 milligram equivalents of CaCO 3 hardness per gram of anhydrous aluminosilicate.
• aluminosilicate ion exchange builder materials herein are in hydrated form and contain from 10% to
• the amorphous aluminosilicate ion exchange materials usually have a Mg ++ exchange capacity of at least about 50 mg. eq. CaCO /g. (12 mg. Mg, ++ /g.) and a Mg ++ exchange fate of at least 0.019 grams MgC0 3 per minute per gram of aluminosilicate (anhydrous basis), (grain/gallon/minute/gran/gallon). Amorphous materials do not exhibit an observable diffraction pattern when examined by Cu radiation (1.54 Angstrom Units).
• Aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available.
• the aluminosilicates useful in this invention can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived.
• a method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976.
• Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite B, and Zeolite X.
• the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula wherein x is from 20 to 30, especially 27.
• Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium, carboxylates, nonpolymeric polycarboxylates and polyhydroxysulfonates.
• nonpolymeric polycarboxylate builders are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid.
• the compositions of this invention only contain the limited amount of polyacrylate defined hereinafter.
• nonpolymeric polycarboxylates are the polyacetal carboxylates described in U.S. Patent 4,144,226, issued March 13, 1979 to Crutchfield, et al, and U.S. Patent 4,246,495, issued March 27, 1979 to Crutchfield, et al.
• polyacetal carboxylates can be prepared by bringing together under polymerization conditions an ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator. The resulting polyacetal carboxylate ester is then attached to chemically stable end groups to stabilize the polyacetal carboxylate against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, and converted to the corresponding.
• compositions herein preferably contain from 0% to 10%, preferably from 0.5% to 8%, and most preferably from 1% to 6%, by weight of an alkali metal silicate having a molar ratio of Si0 2 to alkali metal oxide of from 1.0 to 3.2, preferably from 1.4 to 2.4.
• Sodium silicate, particularly one having a molar ratio of 1.6 to . 2.2 is preferred.
• the alkali metal silicates can be purchased in either liquid or granular form. Silicate slurries can conveniently be used to avoid having to dissolve the dried form in the crutcher mix of the components herein.
• compositions of the present invention can be included in the compositions of the present invention.
• these include color speckles, bleaching agents such as perborates and percarbonates and bleach activators, suds boosters or suds suppressors, antitarnish and anticorrosion agents, soil suspending agents, soil release agents, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH adjusting agents, nonbuilder alkalinity sources, hydrotropes such as toluene sulfonates and xylene sulfonates, enzymes, enzyme- stabilizing agents, perfumes and water.
• compositions of the present invention can comprise a portion of compositions containing a wide variety of materials suitable for detergent or other uses.
• a base product was prepared by spray drying according to the following formula.
• the base product was produced according to Example I with varying ratios of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a weight average molecular weight of 8,000 and sodium polyacrylate with weight average molecular weight of 4,500 as shown below added in the crutcher mix.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• Eight-five grams (85 g.) of product were sewn into black fabric pockets and agitated on delicate agitation at 60°F (15.5°C) in a Kenmore washer. Pockets were removed and cut at 5 minutes and 10 minutes and graded on a 1-7 scale where 1 is poorly dispersed with most of the product remaining caked in the pocket and 7 is completely dispersed. Grades reported are averages of two replicate tests.
• the products containing both the PEG and polyacrylate of the invention have the most improved cold water dispersion.
• a crutcher paste was prepared with the following composition.
• Samples were prepared with the following additive parts to 17.5 parts anionic surfactant. Added water was kept constant at 1.5 parts.
• the sample with the mixture of PEG/polyacrylate was overall less viscous at elevated processing-range temperatures than the control or samples with only PEG or polyacrylate, while remaining crystalline at room temperature.
• This crystalline property usually translates into crisp, non-sticky free-flowing granules with good physical properties, i.e., storage stability, pourability, and caking resistance.
• the PEG/polyacrylate sample was consistantly a thin fluid at high temperatures, while showing the best stability at room temperature. This increases ease of processing along with increased storage stability of the finished granule.
• the sample with the PEG/polyacrylate mixture showed desirable phase continuity.
• a dominent or external lye phase is desirable as it translates into non-sticky free flowing finished granules and more rapid dissolution or dispersion in wash water.

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• 1985
  • 1985-10-17 EP EP85201703A patent/EP0179533A3/de not_active Withdrawn

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