EP0176004B1 - Plasma torch - Google Patents

Plasma torch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0176004B1
EP0176004B1 EP85111482A EP85111482A EP0176004B1 EP 0176004 B1 EP0176004 B1 EP 0176004B1 EP 85111482 A EP85111482 A EP 85111482A EP 85111482 A EP85111482 A EP 85111482A EP 0176004 B1 EP0176004 B1 EP 0176004B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall part
insulating
head
end wall
plasma torch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP85111482A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0176004A3 (en
EP0176004A2 (en
Inventor
Hans Josef Dr. Rer. Nat. Bebber
Heinrich-Otto Dipl.-Ing. Rossner
Gebhard Dipl.-Ing. Tomalla
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Priority to AT85111482T priority Critical patent/ATE69133T1/en
Publication of EP0176004A2 publication Critical patent/EP0176004A2/en
Publication of EP0176004A3 publication Critical patent/EP0176004A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma torch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the central electrode unit surrounded by the nozzle, which can consist of a single electrode or a central auxiliary electrode and a main electrode concentrically surrounding it, and a counter electrode, e.g. can be given by a metallic bath melt, form a stable arc column.
  • a counter electrode e.g. can be given by a metallic bath melt.
  • parasitic arcs burn parallel to the main arc, in particular including the lower edge of the outer burner or nozzle jacket or the outer region of the nozzle end face in the current flow.
  • the first current path being formed by an inner secondary arc which electrically bridges the relatively short distance between the electrode and the nozzle
  • the second current path is the metallic conductor represented by the nozzle
  • the last one Current path is formed by a double arc, which is from the outside
  • the burner or nozzle jacket or the outer area of the nozzle face to the counter electrode burns.
  • Such parasitic arcs can occur especially when using powerful liquid-cooled plasma torches in hot furnaces, e.g. when melting scrap, and cause the premature failure of a plasma torch, mainly through melting of the front part of the nozzle shell or the end wall of the nozzle, but also due to excessive wear on the burner electrode.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a plasma torch from which the damage caused by parasitic arcs can be effectively and sustainably kept away by simple means.
  • the nozzle 1 has a centrally arranged, water-cooled electrode 1, the tip 2 of which is formed with a conical outer surface 3 and a flat end surface 4.
  • the electrode 1 is surrounded by a likewise water-cooled burner nozzle 5 - hereinafter also referred to only as a nozzle - coaxial to the axis 1 'of the electrode 1.
  • the nozzle 5 has an essentially cylindrical passage bore 6 which narrows towards the end face 7 of the nozzle 5 via an inner cone 8.
  • the inside diameter of the passage bore 6 is in each case larger than the outside diameter of the electrode 1, which is why there is an annular passage channel 9 between the electrode 1 and the nozzle 5.
  • insulating pieces 10 are arranged to isolate the nozzle 5 from the electrode 1, as described for example in US Pat. No. 3,147,329.
  • the nozzle 5 has a rotationally symmetrical inner wall part 11, a rotationally symmetrical outer wall part 12 arranged concentrically therewith and an end wall part 13 connecting both wall parts 11, 12 on the end face. Between the inner wall part 11 and the outer wall part 12 there is also a partition 14 which forms the cooling water path.
  • a first rotationally symmetrical insulating piece 17 is arranged in the end wall part 13.
  • a second rotationally symmetrical insulating piece 18 is - seen from the end face 7 of the nozzle 5 - inserted into the beginning of the cylindrical section of the inner wall part 11.
  • the insulating piece or the insulating ring 17 is provided on its inside with an internal thread 21 which is in engagement with an external thread 22 on the inner section 13 ′ of the end wall part 13.
  • the insulating ring 17 also has an annular extension 23, through which a shoulder to the external thread 21 is formed.
  • a sealing ring 25 is pressed against a flange 26 arranged on the inner section 13 ′ of the end wall part 13.
  • the outer side 27 of the insulating ring 17 is cylindrical and is in engagement with a corresponding wall 28 of the outer section 13 ′′ of the end wall part 13.
  • the outer section 13 ′′ of the end wall part 13 is provided with a groove 29, in which a sealing ring 30 is inserted.
  • the first insulating ring 17a has a smooth cylindrical inner surface 31 with which it comes to bear against a corresponding cylindrical surface 32 of the inner end wall part 13 '.
  • the insulating ring 17a On its outside, has a flange 33 on the end face facing the partition 14, which flange is received by a corresponding recess 34 in the outer end wall part 13 ′′.
  • the insulating ring 17b consists essentially of a metallic material 36, e.g. Copper, which is from a self-contained surface layer 37 made of an electrically insulating material, e.g. Zirconia is surrounded.
  • the insulating ring 17c according to FIG. 5 is in turn surrounded by a self-contained electrically insulating coating 37. Inside, the insulating ring 17c is formed from a plurality of concentrically composed layers 38, 39, of which at least every second layer 39 represents an electrically non-conductive insulating layer.
  • the self-contained insulating coating is omitted from the insulating ring 17d according to FIG. 6.
  • This ring has only two metallic layers 38 ', 38' 'which are mechanically held together by an insulating layer 39' formed from a potting compound.
  • the insulating ring 17d designed in this way is overall more scratch-resistant and can be sealed well against the wall parts 13 ′ and 13 ′′ of the nozzle 5.
  • the inner section 13 'of the end wall part 13 and the section 13''of the end wall part 13 connected to the outer wall part each have a flange-like extension 40, 41, so that a coaxial connection with respect to the axis 1' two sections 13 ', 13''guaranteed is.
  • their mutually facing surface parts are each provided with an insulating layer 42 or 43, which can also extend to the adjacent parallel surface parts, cf. eg layer 42 'on section 13'.
  • the joined connection is made watertight by a sealing ring 44 clamped between the two shoulders 40, 41.
  • the connection of the sections 13 ', 13''of the end wall part 13 is shown in solid lines before assembly and after assembly - on the left-hand side - indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the inner wall part 11 of the nozzle 5 is formed by its outer wall part 12 by an insulating point with two insulating rings 17e, 17f arranged axially one behind the other.
  • the ring 17e which is arranged flush on the end face 7 of the nozzle 5, consists of an insulating material that is resistant to temperature changes, and the ring 17f located behind it consists of a water-impermeable insulating material.
  • the second insulating ring 18 - cf. 10 also has an external thread 46, 47 on its outside on each end face, which engages in a corresponding internal thread 48, 49 on the front and rear section 11 ′ and 11 ′′ of the inner wall part 11.
  • two flat seals 50 are provided, which correspond between a flange-like projection 51 of the insulating ring and end faces axial projections 52, 53 of the two sections 11 'and 11''of the inner wall part 11 are clamped.
  • a second insulating ring 18a which has a Z-shaped cross section. At one end, the insulating ring 18a has an external thread 54 which is offset towards the center and which engages with a corresponding internal thread 55 in the rear section 11 ′′. At the same end there is also a recessed cylindrical part 56 which engages in a corresponding recess 57 in the rear section 11 ′′. The cylindrical connection 56/57 is sealed by an O-ring 58. At the opposite end of the second insulating ring 18a there is an extension starting from the inner surface 60 with an internal thread 62 which is in engagement with a corresponding external thread 63 of the front section 11 ′ of the inner wall part 11.
  • an O-ring 64 is provided which is supported in a groove 65 in the front section 11' of the inner wall part 11 and presses against a cylindrical recess 66 of the insulating ring 18a.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

In a plasma torch having an output end, the torch including an electrode having a longitudinal axis, and a generally cylindrical nozzle body surrounding, and positioned concentrically with, the electrode and the nozzle body, the nozzle body includes: a radially symmetrical, generally cylindrical inner wall spaced radially from the electrode; a radially symmetrical, generally cylindrical outer wall surrounding, and arranged concentrically with respect to, the inner wall; a front end wall located in the vicinity of the torch output end and joining together the inner and outer walls; and an electrical insulating component forming part of at least one of the inner and front end walls and extending entirely across its associated wall for electrically insulating the inner and outer walls from one another at at least one location in the vicinity of the front end wall.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Plasmabrenner nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a plasma torch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Beim Betreiben von Plasmabrennern soll sich zwischen der von der Düse umgebenden zentralen Elektrodeneinheit, die aus einer einzelnen Elektrode oder aus einer zentrischen Hilfselektrode und einer diese konzentrisch umschließenden Hauptelektrode bestehen kann, und einer Gegenelektrode, die z.B. durch eine metallische Badschmelze gegeben sein kann, eine stabile Lichtbogensäule ausbilden. Die erstrebte Stabilität dieser Lichtbogensäule und damit der Wirkungsgrad und die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer mit dem eingangs genannten Plasmabrenner betriebenen Anlage kann dabei durch parasitäre Lichtbögen erheblich beeinträchtigt werden. Solche parasitären Lichtbögen brennen parallel zum Hauptlichtbogen, wobei sie insbesondere den unteren Rand des äußeren Brenner- bzw. Düsenmantels bzw. den äußeren Bereich der Düsenstirnseite mit in den Stromfluß einschließen.When operating plasma torches, there should be between the central electrode unit surrounded by the nozzle, which can consist of a single electrode or a central auxiliary electrode and a main electrode concentrically surrounding it, and a counter electrode, e.g. can be given by a metallic bath melt, form a stable arc column. The desired stability of this arc column and thus the efficiency and economy of a system operated with the plasma torch mentioned at the outset can be considerably impaired by parasitic arcs. Such parasitic arcs burn parallel to the main arc, in particular including the lower edge of the outer burner or nozzle jacket or the outer region of the nozzle end face in the current flow.

Bei der Bildung parasitärer Bögen werden drei zusammenhängende Strompfade benutzt, wobei der erste Strompfad von einem inneren Nebenbogen gebildet wird, welcher die relativ kurze Strecke zwischen der Elektrode und der Düse elektrisch überbrückt, der zweite Strompfad ist der durch die Düse dargestellte metallische Leiter und der letzte Strompfad wird von einem Doppellichtbogen gebildet, der vom äußeren Brenner- bzw. Düsenmantel bzw. äußeren Bereich der Düsenstirnseite zur Gegenelektrode brennt. Solche parasitären Bögen können vor allem beim Einsatz stromstarker flüssigkeitsgekühlter Plasmabrenner in heißen Öfen, z.B. beim Einschmelzen von Schrott auftreten und den vorzeitigen Ausfall eines Plasmabrenners, vorwiegend durch Durchschmelzen des vorderen Düsenmantelteils bzw. der Düsenstirnwand, jedoch auch durch starken Verschleiß der Brennerelektrode verursachen.Three contiguous current paths are used in the formation of parasitic arcs, the first current path being formed by an inner secondary arc which electrically bridges the relatively short distance between the electrode and the nozzle, the second current path is the metallic conductor represented by the nozzle and the last one Current path is formed by a double arc, which is from the outside The burner or nozzle jacket or the outer area of the nozzle face to the counter electrode burns. Such parasitic arcs can occur especially when using powerful liquid-cooled plasma torches in hot furnaces, e.g. when melting scrap, and cause the premature failure of a plasma torch, mainly through melting of the front part of the nozzle shell or the end wall of the nozzle, but also due to excessive wear on the burner electrode.

Um dieser Erscheinung entgegenzuwirken, ist es bekannt, die Stromstärke des Hauptlichtbogens zu reduzieren, zumindest aber sie zu begrenzen, um damit die Düse gegen Durchschmelzen zu schützen und die Elektrode vor übermäßigem Verschleiß zu bewahren (vgl. hierzu DE-AS 21 40 241, DE-PS 25 41 166, DE-OS 29 51 121 und DD-PS 97 364).To counteract this phenomenon, it is known to reduce the current intensity of the main arc, or at least to limit it in order to protect the nozzle against melting and to protect the electrode from excessive wear (cf. DE-AS 21 40 241, DE -PS 25 41 166, DE-OS 29 51 121 and DD-PS 97 364).

Abgesehen davon, daß in den angeführten Fällen zum Erfassen der parasitären Bögen und zum Reduzieren bzw. Begrenzen des Hauptlichtbogenstromes ein erheblicher apparativer Aufwand notwendig ist, wird die Erscheinung der parasitären Bögen und deren negative Auswirkungen lediglich gemindert, nicht aber mit Sicherheit verhindert. Außerdem erfordern die Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der parasitären Bögen immer auch eine drastische Leistungsdrosselung oder gar ein Abschalten des Brenners.Apart from the fact that in the cases mentioned for detecting the parasitic arcs and for reducing or limiting the main arc current, a considerable outlay on equipment is necessary, the appearance of the parasitic arcs and their negative effects are only reduced, but not prevented with certainty. In addition, the measures to combat the parasitic arcs always require a drastic reduction in power or even a shutdown of the burner.

Weiterhin ist es bekannt, den äußeren Mantel der Düse mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht mit hohem Schmelz- oder Sublimierungspunkt zu überziehen (vgl. DE-OS 33 07 308). Diese Schicht, die z.B. aus festem Graphit bestehen kann, verschleißt unter der Wirkung parasitärer Bögen langsam und kontinuierlich und wirkt somit einem vorzeitigen und plötzlichen Verschleiß der eigentlichen metallischen Brennerdüse entgegen. Dieser Schutz ist aber nicht nur zeitlich begrenzt, er ist auch nicht geeignet, den durch die parasitären Bögen bedingten schlechteren Wirkungsgrad der Anlage auszugleichen. Außerdem ist mit dieser bekannten Schutzmaßnahme noch kein Schutz für die zentrische Elektrode gegeben, da diese durch den inneren Nebenbogen angegriffen wird.Furthermore, it is known to coat the outer jacket of the nozzle with an electrically conductive layer with a high melting or sublimation point (cf. DE-OS 33 07 308). This layer, which can consist, for example, of solid graphite, wears out slowly and under the action of parasitic arcs continuously and thus counteracts premature and sudden wear of the actual metallic burner nozzle. This protection is not only limited in time, it is also not suitable to compensate for the poorer efficiency of the system due to the parasitic arcs. In addition, this known protective measure does not yet provide protection for the central electrode, since this is attacked by the inner secondary arch.

Weiterhin ist es aus der US-PS 3 147 329 bekannt, die Stirnwand der Düse mit einer hitzebeständigen Verkleidung zu versehen. Hierdurch ist zwar ein gewisser örtlicher Schutz der Düse gegeben, das Entstehen von parasitären Bögen ist dadurch aber allenfalls erschwert, aber ebenfalls nicht wirksam unterbunden.Furthermore, it is known from US Pat. No. 3,147,329 to provide the end wall of the nozzle with a heat-resistant covering. Although this provides a certain local protection for the nozzle, the occurrence of parasitic arcs is at best made more difficult, but also not effectively prevented.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Plasmabrenner zu schaffen, von dem die durch parasitäre Lichtbögen hervorrufbaren Schäden durch einfache Mittel wirksam und nachhaltig ferngehalten werden können.The present invention has for its object to provide a plasma torch from which the damage caused by parasitic arcs can be effectively and sustainably kept away by simple means.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Durch die elektrische Trennung bzw. Isolierung des an das Stirnwandteil angrenzenden bzw. dem vorderen Ende der Elektrodeneinheit benachbarten Abschnitts des Innenwandteils der Düse von dem an das Außenwandteil angrenzenden Abschnitt des Stirnwandteils ist sichergestellt, daß kein Strompfad von der Elektrodeneinheit über den vorderen Bereich des Düsen- bzw. Brennermantels oder den äußeren Bereich der Stirnwand der Düse zur Gegenelektrode vorhanden ist oder auch nur entstehen kann. Da mit den erfindungsgemäßen Merkmalen bereits die Bildung parasitärer Lichtbögen mit Sicherheit vermieden wird, können - auch auf lange Sicht gesehen - keine dadurch hervorgerufenen Schäden an der Düse und an der Elektrodeneinheit auftreten. Bei der erwähnten Ausbildung des Brenners ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise, daß die Isolierstelle der Radialstrahlung des Hauptlichtbogens nicht unmittelbar ausgesetzt ist und insoweit thermisch geschont wird.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. The electrical separation or insulation of the section of the inner wall part of the nozzle which is adjacent to the front wall part or the front end of the electrode unit from the section of the end wall part which is adjacent to the outer wall part ensures that no current path from the electrode unit via the front area of the nozzle or burner jacket or the outer area of the end wall of the nozzle to the counter electrode is present or can only arise. Since with the features according to the invention the formation of parasitic arcs If safety is avoided, no damage to the nozzle and the electrode unit can occur, even in the long term. In the mentioned design of the burner, it advantageously results that the isolating point is not directly exposed to the radial radiation of the main arc and is thus thermally protected.

Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Appropriate developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Plasmabrenner mit einer zentrischen Elektrode und einer diese umgebenden Düse in einem auszugsweisen Längsschnitt (aus Gründen der Einfachheit ist die rechte Hälfte lediglich durch strichpunktierte Linien angedeutet),
Fig. 2 bis 9
verschiedene Ausführungsformen der ersten Isolationsstelle in einem auszugsweisen Längsschnitt in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
Fig. 10 und 11
jeweils eine Ausführungsform der zweiten Isolationsstelle in einem auszugsweisen Längsschnitt in vergrößerter Darstellung und
Embodiments of the object of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
a plasma torch with a central electrode and a nozzle surrounding it in a partial longitudinal section (for reasons of simplicity, the right half is only indicated by dash-dotted lines),
2 to 9
different embodiments of the first insulation point in a partial longitudinal section in an enlarged view,
10 and 11
each an embodiment of the second insulation point in a partial longitudinal section in an enlarged view and

Der Plasmabrenner gemäß Fig. 1 weist eine zentrisch angeordnete, wassergekühlte Elektrode 1 auf, deren Spitze 2 mit einer konischen Mantelfläche 3 und einer ebenen Stirnfläche 4 ausgebildet ist. Die Elektrode 1 wird von einer ebenfalls wassergekühlten Brennerdüse 5 - im folgenden auch nur als Düse bezeichnet - koaxial zur Achse 1' der Elektrode 1 umgeben. Die Düse 5 weist eine im wesentlichen zylindrische Durchlaßbohrung 6 auf, die sich zur Stirnseite 7 der Düse 5 über einen Innenkonus 8 verengt. Der Innendurchmesser der Durchlaßbohrung 6 ist jeweils größer als der Außendurchmesser der Elektrode 1, weshalb sich zwischen der Elektrode 1 und der Düse 5 ein ringförmiger Durchlaßkanal 9 ergibt. Zur Isolierung der Düse 5 von der Elektrode 1 sind, wie dies beispielsweise in der US-PS 3 147 329 näher beschrieben ist, Isolierstücke 10 angeordnet.1 has a centrally arranged, water-cooled electrode 1, the tip 2 of which is formed with a conical outer surface 3 and a flat end surface 4. The electrode 1 is surrounded by a likewise water-cooled burner nozzle 5 - hereinafter also referred to only as a nozzle - coaxial to the axis 1 'of the electrode 1. The nozzle 5 has an essentially cylindrical passage bore 6 which narrows towards the end face 7 of the nozzle 5 via an inner cone 8. The inside diameter of the passage bore 6 is in each case larger than the outside diameter of the electrode 1, which is why there is an annular passage channel 9 between the electrode 1 and the nozzle 5. To isolate the nozzle 5 from the electrode 1, as described for example in US Pat. No. 3,147,329, insulating pieces 10 are arranged.

Die Düse 5 weist ein rotationssymmetrisches Innenwandteil 11, ein dazu konzentrisch angeordnetes rotationssymmetrisches Außenwandteil 12 und ein beide Wandteile 11, 12 an der Stirnseite verbindendes Stirnwandteil 13 auf. Zwischen dem Innenwandteil 11 und dem Außenwandteil 12 befindet sich außerdem noch eine den Kühlwasserweg mitbildende Trennwand 14.The nozzle 5 has a rotationally symmetrical inner wall part 11, a rotationally symmetrical outer wall part 12 arranged concentrically therewith and an end wall part 13 connecting both wall parts 11, 12 on the end face. Between the inner wall part 11 and the outer wall part 12 there is also a partition 14 which forms the cooling water path.

Im Stirnwandteil 13 ist ein erstes rotationssymmetrisches Isolierstück 17 angeordnet. Ein zweites rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildetes Isolierstück 18 ist - von der Stirnseite 7 der Düse 5 her gesehen - in den Anfang des zylindrischen Abschnitts des Innenwandteils 11 eingesetzt.A first rotationally symmetrical insulating piece 17 is arranged in the end wall part 13. A second rotationally symmetrical insulating piece 18 is - seen from the end face 7 of the nozzle 5 - inserted into the beginning of the cylindrical section of the inner wall part 11.

In Fig. 2 ist eine erste Ausführungsform des ersten Isolierstücks 17 in einem größeren Maßstab dargestellt. Das Isolierstück bzw. der Isolierring 17 ist an seiner Innenseite mit einem Innengewinde 21 versehen, das mit einem Außengewinde 22 am inneren Abschnitt 13' des Stirnwandteils 13 im Eingriff steht. An der Innenseite besitzt der Isolierring 17 ferner eine ringförmige Erweiterung 23, durch die zum Außengewinde 21 ein Absatz gebildet ist. Mit diesem Absatz wird ein Dichtring 25 gegen einen am inneren Abschnitt 13' des Stirnwandteils 13 angeordneten Flansch 26 gedrückt. Die Außenseite 27 des Isolierringes 17 ist zylindrisch ausgebildet und steht im Eingriff mit einer entsprechenden Wandung 28 des äußeren Abschnitts 13'' des Stirnwandteils 13. Zur Sicherung gegen ausfließendes Kühlwasser ist der äußere Abschnitt 13'' des Stirnwandteils 13 mit einer Nut 29 versehen, in die ein Dichtring 30 eingelegt ist.2 shows a first embodiment of the first insulating piece 17 on a larger scale. The insulating piece or the insulating ring 17 is provided on its inside with an internal thread 21 which is in engagement with an external thread 22 on the inner section 13 ′ of the end wall part 13. On the inside, the insulating ring 17 also has an annular extension 23, through which a shoulder to the external thread 21 is formed. With this paragraph, a sealing ring 25 is pressed against a flange 26 arranged on the inner section 13 ′ of the end wall part 13. The outer side 27 of the insulating ring 17 is cylindrical and is in engagement with a corresponding wall 28 of the outer section 13 ″ of the end wall part 13. To secure it against outflowing cooling water, the outer section 13 ″ of the end wall part 13 is provided with a groove 29, in which a sealing ring 30 is inserted.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 weist der erste Isolierring 17a eine glatte zylindrische Innenfläche 31 auf, mit der er gegen eine entsprechende zylindrische Fläche 32 des inneren Stirnwandteils 13' zur Anlage kommt. An seiner Außenseite weist der Isolierring 17a an der der Trennwand 14 zugewandten Stirnseite einen Flansch 33 auf, der von einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung 34 im äußeren Stirnwandteil 13'' aufgenommen wird. Diese einfache Ausführungsform stellt sicher, daß das Kühlwasser den Isolierring 17a bei innerem Überdruck nicht aus der Düse 5 herausdrückt.In another embodiment according to FIG. 3, the first insulating ring 17a has a smooth cylindrical inner surface 31 with which it comes to bear against a corresponding cylindrical surface 32 of the inner end wall part 13 '. On its outside, the insulating ring 17a has a flange 33 on the end face facing the partition 14, which flange is received by a corresponding recess 34 in the outer end wall part 13 ″. This simple embodiment ensures that the cooling water does not push the insulating ring 17a out of the nozzle 5 in the case of internal overpressure.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4 besteht der Isolierring 17b im Kern aus einem metallischen Werkstoff 36, z.B. Kupfer, der bzw. das von einer in sich geschlossenen Oberflächenschicht 37 aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material, z.B. Zirkonoxid, umgeben ist.In a further embodiment according to Fig. 4, the insulating ring 17b consists essentially of a metallic material 36, e.g. Copper, which is from a self-contained surface layer 37 made of an electrically insulating material, e.g. Zirconia is surrounded.

Der Isolierring 17c nach Fig. 5 ist wiederum mit einer in sich geschlossenen elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung 37 umgeben. Im Innern ist der Isolierring 17c aus mehreren konzentrisch zusammengesetzten Schichten 38, 39 gebildet, von denen mindestens jede zweite Schicht 39 eine elektrisch nicht leitende Isolierschicht darstellt.The insulating ring 17c according to FIG. 5 is in turn surrounded by a self-contained electrically insulating coating 37. Inside, the insulating ring 17c is formed from a plurality of concentrically composed layers 38, 39, of which at least every second layer 39 represents an electrically non-conductive insulating layer.

In Abwandlung des beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiels ist die in sich geschlossene isolierende Beschichtung bei dem Isolierring 17d gemäß Fig. 6 weggelassen. Dieser Ring besitzt lediglich zwei metallische Schichten 38', 38'', die mechanisch durch eine aus einer Vergußmasse gebildeten Isolierschicht 39' zusammengehalten werden. Der derart ausgebildete Isolierring 17d ist insgesamt gesehen kratzfester und gut gegen die Wandteile 13' und 13'' der Düse 5 abzudichten.In a modification of the exemplary embodiment described, the self-contained insulating coating is omitted from the insulating ring 17d according to FIG. 6. This ring has only two metallic layers 38 ', 38' 'which are mechanically held together by an insulating layer 39' formed from a potting compound. The insulating ring 17d designed in this way is overall more scratch-resistant and can be sealed well against the wall parts 13 ′ and 13 ″ of the nozzle 5.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 7 besitzt der innere Abschnitt 13' des Stirnwandteils 13 und der mit dem Außenwandteil verbundene Abschnitt 13'' des Stirnwandteils 13 je einen flanschartigen Ansatz 40, 41, so daß ein in bezug auf die Achse 1' koaxiales Ineinanderfügen der beiden Abschnitte 13', 13'' gewährleistet ist. Zur gegenseitigen Isolierung der Abschnitte 13', 13'' sind deren aneinander zugewandte Flächenteile jeweils mit einer Isolierschicht 42 bzw. 43 versehen, die sich auch auf die daran angrenzenden parallelen Flächenteile erstrecken können, vgl. z.B. die Schicht 42' auf dem Abschnitt 13'. Durch einen zwischen den beiden Ansätzen 40,41 eingeklemmten Dichtring 44 wird die gefügte Verbindung wasserdicht gemacht. In Fig. 7 ist die Verbindung der Abschnitte 13', 13'' des Stirnwandteils 13 vor der Montage in ausgezogenen Linien dargestellt und nach der Montage - auf der linken Seite - mit strichpunktierten Linien angedeutet.In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, the inner section 13 'of the end wall part 13 and the section 13''of the end wall part 13 connected to the outer wall part each have a flange-like extension 40, 41, so that a coaxial connection with respect to the axis 1' two sections 13 ', 13''guaranteed is. For the mutual insulation of the sections 13 ', 13'', their mutually facing surface parts are each provided with an insulating layer 42 or 43, which can also extend to the adjacent parallel surface parts, cf. eg layer 42 'on section 13'. The joined connection is made watertight by a sealing ring 44 clamped between the two shoulders 40, 41. In Fig. 7 the connection of the sections 13 ', 13''of the end wall part 13 is shown in solid lines before assembly and after assembly - on the left-hand side - indicated by dash-dotted lines.

Nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 8 sind die beiden Abschnitte 13', 13'' durch eine isolierende Gußmasse 45 gegeneinander isoliert.8, the two sections 13 ', 13' 'are insulated from one another by an insulating casting compound 45.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 wird das Innenwandteil 11 der Düse 5 von deren Außenwandteil 12 durch eine Isolierstelle mit zwei axial hintereinander angeordneten Isolierringen 17e, 17f gebildet. Der bündig an der Stirnseite 7 der Düse 5 angeordnete Ring 17e besteht aus einem temperaturwechselbeständigen Isoliermaterial und der dahinterliegende Ring 17f aus einem wasserundurchlässigen Isoliermaterial.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, the inner wall part 11 of the nozzle 5 is formed by its outer wall part 12 by an insulating point with two insulating rings 17e, 17f arranged axially one behind the other. The ring 17e, which is arranged flush on the end face 7 of the nozzle 5, consists of an insulating material that is resistant to temperature changes, and the ring 17f located behind it consists of a water-impermeable insulating material.

Der zweite Isolierring 18 - vgl. auch Fig.10 - weist bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel an seiner Außenseite an jeder Stirnseite jeweils ein Außengewinde 46, 47 auf, das jeweils in ein entsprechendes Innengewinde 48, 49 am vorderen und hinteren Abschnitt 11' bzw. 11'' des Innenwandteils 11 eingreift. Zur Dichtung der Isolierverbindung sind zwei Flachdichtungen 50 vorgesehen, die zwischen einem flanschartigen Vorsprung 51 des Isolierrings und Stirnflächen entsprechender axialer Vorsprünge 52, 53 der beiden Abschnitte 11' bzw. 11'' des Innenwandteils 11 eingeklemmt sind.The second insulating ring 18 - cf. 10 also has an external thread 46, 47 on its outside on each end face, which engages in a corresponding internal thread 48, 49 on the front and rear section 11 ′ and 11 ″ of the inner wall part 11. To seal the insulating connection, two flat seals 50 are provided, which correspond between a flange-like projection 51 of the insulating ring and end faces axial projections 52, 53 of the two sections 11 'and 11''of the inner wall part 11 are clamped.

Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 11 ist ein zweiter Isolierring 18a vorgesehen, der in seinem Querschnitt Z-förmig abgestuft ist. An seinem einen Ende weist der Isolierring 18a ein zur Mitte abgesetztes Außengewinde 54 auf, das im Eingriff mit einem entsprechenden Innengewinde 55 im hinteren Abschnitt 11'' steht. An demselben Ende ist weiterhin ein zurückgesetzter zylindrischer Teil 56, der in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung 57 des hinteren Abschnitts 11'' eingreift. Die zylindrische Verbindung 56/57 wird durch einen O-Ring 58 gedichtet. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende des zweiten Isolierrings 18a befindet sich eine von der Innenfläche 60 ausgehende Erweiterung mit einem Innengewinde 62, das mit einem entsprechenden Außengewinde 63 des vorderen Abschnitts 11' des Innenwandteils 11 im Eingriff steht. Zur Abdichtung des Isolierrings 18a gegenüber dem vorderen Abschnitt 11' ist ein O-Ring 64 vorgesehen, der sich in einer im vorderen Abschnitt 11' des Innenwandteils 11 befindlichen Nut 65 abstützt und gegen eine zylindrische Ausnehmung 66 des Isolierringes 18a drückt.In another exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 11, a second insulating ring 18a is provided, which has a Z-shaped cross section. At one end, the insulating ring 18a has an external thread 54 which is offset towards the center and which engages with a corresponding internal thread 55 in the rear section 11 ″. At the same end there is also a recessed cylindrical part 56 which engages in a corresponding recess 57 in the rear section 11 ″. The cylindrical connection 56/57 is sealed by an O-ring 58. At the opposite end of the second insulating ring 18a there is an extension starting from the inner surface 60 with an internal thread 62 which is in engagement with a corresponding external thread 63 of the front section 11 ′ of the inner wall part 11. To seal the insulating ring 18a with respect to the front section 11 ', an O-ring 64 is provided which is supported in a groove 65 in the front section 11' of the inner wall part 11 and presses against a cylindrical recess 66 of the insulating ring 18a.

Claims (9)

  1. Plasma torch with a transferred arc for melting metals, consisting of an electrode unit (1) and a head (5) through which a coolant flows, which concentrically surrounds the electrode unit (1) and is separated from the latter by an annular passage (9), the head (5) being formed as a hollow body and comprising a rotationally symmetrical inner wall part (11), a rotationally symmetrical outer wall part (12), which is arranged concentrically with the latter, and an end wall part (13), which connects the two wall parts (11, 12), characterised in that the section (11'') of the inner wall part (11) which is adjacent to the end wall part (13) is electrically isolated from the section (13'') of the end wall part (13) which is adjacent to the outer wall part (12) by two separate insulating parts (17, 18), which in each case pass through the relevant wall part over the entire cross-sectional area, one of the insulating parts (17) being arranged in the end wall part (13) and the other insulating part (18) being arranged in the inner wall part (11) of the head (5).
  2. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that, viewed from the front end (7) of the head (5), the insulating part (18) is arranged behind the front end (2) of the electrode unit (1) inside the inner wall part (11) of the head (5).
  3. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating parts (17; 18) are formed as rotationally symmetrical annular bodies which can be joined to the wall parts (11, 13) of the head (5) in a detachable manner and consist of a solid homogeneous insulating material.
  4. Plasma torch according to claim 3, characterised in that the insulating material of at least the insulating part (17) in the end wall part of the head consists of a refractory ceramic material.
  5. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating parts (17, 18) consist of an insulating sealing compound (45).
  6. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating part (17) in the end wall part of the head is formed by a composite body (17c), which consists of several concentrically assembled layers of an electrically conductive and a non-conducting material (38, 39) arranged alternately.
  7. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating part (17) in the end wall part of the head comprises two rotationally symmetrical annular bodies (17e, 17f) which can be joined to the end wall part (13) in a detachable manner, consist of a solid homogeneous material and, viewed in the direction of the torch axis (1'), are arranged behind one another, the annular body (17e) which is arranged at the outer surface (7) consisting of an insulating material which is resistant to temperature changes and the annular body (17f) which is arranged behind consisting of a water-tight insulating material.
  8. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating part (17) in the end wall part of the head is formed by at least one non-conducting coating (42; 43), which is applied to at least one of the end faces of the facing sections (13', 13'') of the end wall part of the head.
  9. Plasma torch according to claim 1, characterised in that the sections (13', 13'') of the end wall part of the head are provided with a non-conducting coating (42') at least on their inside and at least directly next to the actual insulating part (17).
EP85111482A 1984-09-28 1985-09-11 Plasma torch Expired - Lifetime EP0176004B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85111482T ATE69133T1 (en) 1984-09-28 1985-09-11 PLASMA BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3435680 1984-09-28
DE19843435680 DE3435680A1 (en) 1984-09-28 1984-09-28 PLASMA TORCH

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0176004A2 EP0176004A2 (en) 1986-04-02
EP0176004A3 EP0176004A3 (en) 1988-05-25
EP0176004B1 true EP0176004B1 (en) 1991-10-30

Family

ID=6246632

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111482A Expired - Lifetime EP0176004B1 (en) 1984-09-28 1985-09-11 Plasma torch

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4645899A (en)
EP (1) EP0176004B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0695478B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE69133T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1241704A (en)
DD (1) DD238500A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3435680A1 (en)
ES (1) ES296059Y (en)
NO (1) NO167444C (en)
ZA (1) ZA857473B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0176004A3 (en) 1988-05-25
DE3435680A1 (en) 1986-04-03
DD238500A5 (en) 1986-08-20
CA1241704A (en) 1988-09-06
EP0176004A2 (en) 1986-04-02
JPH0695478B2 (en) 1994-11-24
NO167444B (en) 1991-07-29
NO853683L (en) 1986-04-01
NO167444C (en) 1991-11-06
ZA857473B (en) 1986-05-28
ATE69133T1 (en) 1991-11-15
ES296059U (en) 1987-07-16
ES296059Y (en) 1988-01-16
DE3435680C2 (en) 1990-02-01
US4645899A (en) 1987-02-24
JPS6188500A (en) 1986-05-06

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