DE19828633B4 - Arc welding or cutting torch and cooling system, plasma nozzles or TIG electrode collets, clamping system for plasma electrode needles and. cross-process design principle for this - Google Patents

Abstract

Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, characterized in that the design principle is such that the anode area (3) of the plasma torch, consisting of the cooling system and the protective gas distribution without modification for the production of both a plasma torch and a TIG torch can be used and by exchanging the plasma nozzle (7) with centering tube (27) for a TIG electrode collet (33) or vice versa and exchanging the electrode collet (28), the collet cap (29) and the collet holder housing (30) an electrode cap (34) or vice versa either a plasma torch ( 1 ) or a TIG torch ( 3 ) arises.
1.1 Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system from the parts of the inner cooling jacket housing (5), separating jacket (8), outer cooling jacket housing (9), protective gas nozzle holder (10), coolant outlet pipe (20) and coolant inlet pipe (21).
1.2 Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding gas distribution from the parts of shielding gas nozzle holder (10), shielding gas supply pipe (13), shielding gas nozzle ...

Description

The invention relates to a arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and an arrangement consisting of a plasma nozzle or TIG electrode collet as well as gas lens transmitter and protective casting nozzle across processes from the same components of the cooling system and the protective gas distribution is manufactured, as well as a cooling system, where an i. d. R. liquid cooling medium each process-dependent the strongest thermally stressed components, plasma nozzle or hard-melting Electrode in TIG torches, unloaded, a more resilient, threadless Plasmadüsen- or TIG collet system and a plasma electrode clamping system with differential screw drive for this.

Plasma torch, especially plasma welding torch have in welding technology numerically one far less widespread than TIG torches and are consequently in significantly smaller numbers manufactured, which among other things results in a significant cost disadvantage results. Usually become plasma torches despite their low production quantities independently of burners for other, related processes constructed without, by one in principle possible Adaptation of expensive components, for example to corresponding ones Components from TIG firing, about an increased Manufacturing number of these parts to bring about a cost reduction. By doing this there is a high proportion of construction costs, which also results in readiness the manufacturer to ongoing product maintenance or development severely limits new types of burners. Be conditioned for a used also in the high technology sector and accompanied by high quality standards Processes are often structurally outdated Burner models offered and therefore also used.

An essential characteristic for resilience and service life of an arc welding or cutting torch or of its wear parts is effectiveness its cooling system, The success of the measures taken depends on various factors such as B. the location, size and geometric Design of the cooling surfaces / heat exchange surfaces, the Cross sections and the choice of materials for heat sinks and directly adjacent components.

In the known burners, various of the factors mentioned here, z. T. also taken into account in combination with each other and implemented constructively. Simple pipe wraps or cooling chambers integrated into the burner body have been used e.g. B. already performed on different models. In an effort to achieve the highest possible cooling effect by extending the flow, the cooling medium in the case of burners with higher quality requirements is usually passed through the burner body in a complex manner. Well-known examples of this are, as in DE 43 14 097 C2 described, single-layered cooling chambers and flow-through channels that are forced through flow baffles or offset passages, as well as thread-like flow channels. These measures have a close relationship between the degree of effectiveness of the cooling improvement and the design and manufacturing costs. In practice, this means that components, in particular heat sinks, have a complicated shape for a defined forced cooling, which results in increased manufacturing costs.

Ultimately, however, is next to the flow directions of the cooling medium and the heat generated and dissipated in the burner always the size and arrangement the one for heat exchange to disposal standing area for the Success of the cooling measures and therefore for the resilience of a burner and its wear parts are decisive. The one for this to disposal standing area, too with forced cooling medium guidance according to above-mentioned methods, in the conventional single-shell cooling chamber design however, by keeping it as low as possible for various reasons height of the burner body very limited.

Another power limitation for arc welding or Cutting torch is due to the limited thermal resilience to isolate the burner body given the necessary plastic sheathing. To avoid overuse, what is different in the previous standard cooling technology could melt, become doughy or decompose the plastic sometimes also the upper possible current load limit for the Burner corrected downwards by the manufacturer.

As also from DE 43 14 097 C2 is known, to counteract this problem in liquid-cooled burners of new design, by the use of chrome-nickel steel as a poorly heat-conducting material for the outer burner housing, the heat flow from the heated cooling medium to the plastic coating is delayed. In this case, the use of chrome-nickel steel instead of the classic, easily machinable burner materials copper and brass results in a significant cost disadvantage due to the higher manufacturing costs. In addition, for liquid-cooled burners in the copper / chromium-nickel steel material combination described there, long-term corrosion problems due to the formation of a galvanic element due to the relatively high potential difference in the electrolytic voltage series between these materials cannot be ruled out, at least theoretically, in particular by the fact that the burner manufacturer points to a possible improper The choice and maintenance of the cooling medium by the user has no influence.

In the z. Currently known plasma welding and cutting torches are prevalent indirectly cooled plasma nozzle used exclusively through a Screw-in or screw-on thread and an adjacent ring-shaped or a contact surface corresponding to a short cone can be cooled. This design principle has major disadvantages, due to the fact that on the entire length of the for the Thread runout inevitable required undercut no heat transfer can take place and neglecting the fundamentally with the screwing depth decreasing flank pressure only in each case one thread flank per pitch to the system and thus comes into consideration as a cooling surface. To make matters worse, this Thread over the service life (service life) of the burner due to the frequent nozzle change one not to be neglected Wear is subject to what the heat transfer surface steadily reduced. The one for the main cooling surface, annular or short cone-like contact surface disposal standing space is usually through the protective gas outlet openings and / or by the aim of the smallest possible burner dimensions limits and does not allow generous dimensions to support the cooling effect. For this The construction principle is also typical of the relatively large distance between the most thematically loaded nozzle tip and the first and only at the rear of the nozzle arranged heat transfer surfaces as well of the heat flow inside the nozzle disabling stepped Material removal for the production of the screw-in thread, in particular in the area of the thread undercut.

So far realized more effective Cooling systems for the area of the plasma channel and the nozzle tip use exclusively directly cooled nozzles, d. i.e., the plasma nozzles are using sealing elements, i. d. R. O-rings, directly in that to change the nozzle opened cooling system used (see e.g. USP No. 4,645,899 or the illustrations in the operating instructions for the plasma welding torch Messer-Griesheim PMW 350). This method has the disadvantages that the nozzle change is usually only possible with the help performed by special tools and the sealing elements as well as the sealing seats in the burner subject to wear and are at risk of damage. Such leaks that lead to a coolant leak during the welding to lead, can the quality of the welded workpiece decisively negatively influence or the total loss of workpiece and welding torch have as a consequence. Also are at least the contamination of the work place and / or the workpiece to be welded by emerging coolant while of changing the nozzle a common one and unpleasant consequence as well as the possibly added negative occupational safety aspects.

For both directly and indirectly cooled In practice, plasma torch systems have a common disadvantage in that i. d. R. the plasma nozzles only firmly screwed into the burner head using tools or can be used. Special tools are sometimes provided by the burner manufacturers, which are often lost. Usually these special tools then through that for screwing in all other types of nozzles used pliers replaced, which inevitably sooner or later damage on nozzles and burners. Self the one with a knurl provided on the outside diameter nozzle types are often tightened using pliers to ensure that that the for the best possible burner type concerned Nozzle cooling reached can be.

In the case of plasma torches according to the prior art, maintenance is often made more difficult by the fact that, if present, the gas lenses can be permanently installed and cannot be replaced or can only be replaced with special tools (see 2 or Messer Griesheim PHW 20-2), which inevitably also leads to the fact that production is carried out with incorrect burners. Patent Specification 1 451 913, London 1973, describes a TIG torch which has a gas lens consisting of an outer and inner retaining ring with metal sieves in between. This gas lens, which is designed as an interchangeable part, is held in the burner by mounting the protective gas nozzle via an additional intermediate ring made of PTFE. Although it can have a favorable influence on the gas flow, due to its shape with cylindrical outer and inner surfaces and the selection of poorly heat-conducting materials that are not suitable for the transmission of forces, there is none for the intermediate ring, PTFE, or for the sieves, stainless steel other functions such. B. an improved burner cooling or the transfer of contact forces to improve heat dissipation or the like.

With conventional electrode clamping systems for difficult melting electrode needles from plasma torches become the electrodes via a setting gauge brought into the specified position and clamped directly. In advanced Clamping systems, such as those mainly produced in Germany Plasma torches, the electrodes are placed in their own, arranged in the upper burner area (cathode area), intermediate housing clamped. About one fine pitch external thread on this intermediate housing and an internal thread in the burner can the intermediate housing and so that the clamped electrode is then in its position in the torch be fine tuned, what the formation of an optimal plasma jet is advantageous.

A clear disadvantage in the implementation of the clamping techniques described above, however, is that the electrode clamping is often carried out at a relatively large distance from its thermally highly stressed tip and by means of a very simply constructed collet which is widely used in welding technology. This collet is a longitudinally slotted brass or copper tube, which has an approximately 1 - 2 mm long, approximately 60 ° to 90 ° cone at one end, which is then applied by applying a longitudinal force via a a threaded clamping cap, is pressed into an associated countersink in the intermediate housing. Since the inside diameter of the collet has to be manufactured at least for the largest electrode diameter according to the manufacturing tolerance, there is a real clamping only for the very short, immediate cone area.

But since for a loss-free transmission as possible of the welding current on the one hand and one if possible effective heat dissipation from the electrode, on the other hand, take place only via contact surfaces firmly attached to the electrode can, at least with an existing burner design this obviously defective construction principle to counteract that also slotted so-called electrode guide insert screwed into the cathode housing will then represent an additional increase in contact area at the electrode should. Another disadvantage of the existing clamping system is that the required welding current transmission from the cathode to the intermediate housing only over one side of the naturally playful side common thread can be done. At least with this principle One-sided approach to defined system and thus power transfer areas, all point in this way constituted plasma torch in the cathode housing below the intermediate housing one loose compression spring on that over their by squeezing generated longitudinal force Compensate the thread play and bring the flanks into contact as well as an automatic Prevent adjustment of the electrode adjustment.

2 represents a state-of-the-art, indirectly water-cooled plasma torch, in which the cooling medium is a single-shell cooling system 40 , consisting of two cooling chambers connected in series without flowing through the cooling medium in the immediate vicinity of the plasma nozzle contact surfaces. The plasma nozzle 37 is screwed into the receiving thread of the inner heat sink via a threaded attachment on the nozzle, whereby only the narrow face of the nozzle and, viewed generously, one engaging flank per pitch can be used for heat transfer. A generous dimensioning of the inner heat sink in the area of the plasma nozzle contact surfaces is not possible with this design principle, because for the one at the bottom, towards the plasma nozzle 37 front face of the burner head space for two wire screens inserted as a gas lens and held by a spring washer 41 must be created.

The electrode 25 is made using a tube-like collet with a conical chamfer on one side 38 in the intermediate housing 39 stretched in which the clamping cap 29 in the intermediate housing 39 is screwed in and onto the rear end of the collet 38 suppressed. Due to the in 2 clearly recognizable, very short clamping cone of the collet 38 the intensely tensioned electrode area is also only very short, which means the current transfer area and the heat dissipation from the electrode 25 significantly reduced. To counteract this shortage, the cathode housing 31 a so-called electrode guide insert 36 screwed in, the spring on the electrode 25 is present and in this way improve the current transfer and absorb heat and to the cathode housing 31 should forward. In order to prevent the electrode which is adjusted in the longitudinal direction via the intermediate housing 25 unintentionally adjusted again and also the current transfer from the cathode 31 on the intermediate housing 39 something needs to be improved, must be below the intermediate housing 39 an additional loose compression spring 35 to be built in.

Based on the state of the art for the invention the task of a liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torches, in particular TIG or plasma torches, using structurally identical elements for the process-dependent different constructions, and for this one from constructive and manufacturing technology simple parts and easily machinable, unproblematic materials manufactured cooling system that is more effective, with improved plasma nozzle cooling additional Cooling the nozzle tip without the cooling channel system of the burner when changing the nozzle to open or an improved electrode cooling for TIG torches, as well as a significantly improved electrode clamping system for needle-like electrodes To develop plasma torches, and thus at approximately the same or as possible Smaller burner dimensions than usual to increase the size-specific Current carrying capacity limit for TIG and especially for To realize plasma torches.

The task is characterized by the characteristics the independent Expectations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 solved.

As a solution to the problem, the invention provides to develop a liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular a plasma or TIG torch, taking into account a given design principle, in that the essential and cost-intensive parts or assemblies of the anode area, cooling system and shielding gas distribution, identical in design to processes to reduce manufacturing costs. For this purpose, the cooling system is designed in such a way that the receiving contour for the nozzle in the inner cooling jacket housing of a plasma welding or cutting torch also represents an optimal receiving option for the electrode collet of a TIG torch. At the same time, the side of the cooling system opposite the nozzle receptacle, usually used as an anode part of a plasma torch, is designed in such a way that instead of the insulator as a delimitation to the subsequent cathode part and the cathode part itself, only a torch cap to cover the free electrode end in the TIG torch variant thus created is used. The usual tightening thread can even be omitted for this electrode cap, since the electrode is clamped via the collet inserted into the burner from the front and an O-ring seal is provided on the electrode cover cap to prevent air from entering the rear burner area. In addition, the shielding gas distribution system required for both welding processes can be integrated into the common cooling system in such a way that it guarantees optimum shielding gas coverage of the weld pool in both processes.

An essential feature of this cooling system is that the first targeted heat input into the cooling medium already in the lower part of the outer cooling jacket from the outside of the burner housing forth. This is done via one serving as a thermal bridge Arrangement of thermally conductive components from the largest possible Near the thermally the highest contaminated zones of plasma and TIG torches, so the plasma nozzle tips or the electrode tips, a heat flow to the receiving thread the gas nozzle and from there over only through narrow protective gas channels interrupted and generously dimensioned contact surfaces to the outer, the cool medium still cold leading cooling jacket and transferred from there to the coolant. This Design feature allows in a particularly advantageous manner, plasma nozzles in addition to cooling in rear, with the heat sink in Inside the burner in direct contact also in the area the thermally strongest loaded nozzle tip, so close to cool the plasma channel, without doing the coolant channel in the burner, e.g. B. to change the nozzle, open have to. This is based on the fact that the tip of the nozzle directed conical outer surface of the nozzle over the manufactured with the same cone angle inner surface of one of thermally conductive Material produced gas lens is withdrawn and over the heat also thermally conductive Protective gas nozzle made of material the coolant as described above in the outer cooling jacket of the burner head is, which is the thermally conductive Gas lens flowing through Inert gas this cooling effect additionally support since it is already flowing through the Gas lens has a significant heat output from the gas lens.

The best possible heat transfer from everyone to the heat flow integrated component to the next is thereby ensured that the protective gas nozzle at the same time also as a clamping element (clamping nut) for the through a second cone Plasma nozzle held in the burner head serves and thus ensures that the plasma nozzle, gas lens and protective gas nozzle with the Heat exchanger surfaces of the Burner head, namely Gas nozzles receiving thread and inner cone of the inner cooling jacket (= Cone of the plasma nozzle in the burner head) an intensely flat form a tense system. Preferably used as materials for the thermally conductive Shield Cup preferably pure aluminum oxide or aluminum with one for electrical insulation correspondingly thick anodized layer used. For the gas lens is because of additional mechanical stress the use of gas permeable sintered bronze or a correspondingly shaped hollow metal body, which takes over the carrying and tensioning function, provided with inserted sieves or inlaid metal tiles.

According to this proposal, the plasma nozzle is therefore trained such that in in its geometrically simplest form one comes into contact with the gas lens standing and to the tip of the nozzle cone pointing is arranged a second opposite, this second cone with its base circular surface on the base circular surface of the other cone and thus point the cone tips away from each other. This, the name double cone nozzle formative or collet Form, can be varied functionally, in such a way that on the part protruding from the burner head, in addition to the cone, a cylindrical one Approach with an end face for a serving as a clamping element or only a cylindrical one a contact surface provided contour is attached. Other suitable shapes instead of the straight cone described above are rotationally symmetrical Contours, whose continuous contour expansion through mathematical equations of higher order are described and useful combinations of all of the above Possibilities.

Through the so-called double-cone principle described it is advantageously ensured that the movable burner parts, especially plasma nozzle or electrode collet for the TIG torch and gas lens, automatically when clamping to each other and align it centrally to the burner axis.

Another important advantage of this double cone nozzle is that, compared to conventional screw-in nozzles with approximately the same outside diameter, the conical surface of the new nozzle presented in the burner head has a much larger contact surface for heat dissipation to the internal cooling system has.

This larger contact area and thus more intensive nozzle cooling as well the additional heat dissipation described above from the nozzle tip over the Enable gas lens next Advantage not just a higher one Die life but also an increase in the allowable amperages in Relation to the diameter of the plasma channels in the plasma nozzles. In Combination with the increased effectiveness of the double-shell internal burner cooling system also the permissible current load limit for plasma torches this size improved.

Handling a plasma welding or cutting or TIG torch in everyday Use is improved by the fact that as described above nozzle or electrode clamping system for a jet or changing electrodes, which is usually is also made from the front of the burner, only one thread solved must become, to access the burner parts intended for replacement. The same significantly saving set-up time There is also an advantage when reassembling the burner.

For the loosening and the correct fixing of the clamping thread on the shielding gas nozzle and thus the plasma nozzle No tool is required because of the outside diameter and surface texture the shielding gas nozzle through its constructive design, the introduction of a sufficiently large torque allow in the tensioning mechanism without the Damage often observed in screw-in systems due to tool use on burner or nozzle occur. For the maintenance and practical use of the burners, it is advantageous that at the presented system the gas lens is available as a loose part and thereby, e.g. B. when dirty, easily and without spending time can be replaced at any time. In the event that the welding task should request a gas lens with a special gas permeability, even such a part can be easily inserted into the system without wasting time be inserted.

All of the above benefits as they derives in particular from the so-called double cone shape of the plasma nozzle and the novel additional heat dissipation from the front nozzle contour result are also independent from the coaxial cooling chamber arrangement transferable to the design of TIG torches if one instead of the "double-cone" plasma nozzle as a so-called double cone without screw-in or other tightening thread trained electrode collet in the receiving cone of a corresponding, for the TIG process designed torch head is used.

That described as prior art longitudinal adjustable electrode clamping system is significantly improved, that a massive, slotted with a particularly long and slim cone Collet in a length adjustable Collet housing is used. This collet housing is in its receiving cone area slotted and is over one for longitudinal adjustment used thread in the cathode housing of the plasma torch. Tightening and loosening the collet is made via one in the collet housing over one fine pitch Thread guided Clamping cap, which also coincides with the collet thread Internal thread with large Has slope. By screwing the tension cap into the Collet housing over the finely common The collet that has already been screwed into the clamping cap becomes thread through the simultaneous rotation of the coarse thread by the difference both thread pitches pulled into the clamping cone. This differential screw drive generates a high longitudinal force due to the rotation of the clamping cap leads to that the slim collet cone spreads the slotted housing, which is due to its long adjustment thread with the internal thread of the cathode housing tight. Due to the long and particularly slim Collet taper reaches the clamping mechanism in the cone area self-locking, but to solve the system by turning the clamping cap in reverse Differential screw drive can be canceled again. During the intense The external thread tensions the system in the self-locking state of the expanded collet housing with the full thread profile in the counter thread of the cathode housing and guaranteed thus one together with the other firmly clamped contact surfaces optimal current transfer from the cathode housing to the electrode and a maximum heat flow from the electrode into the reverse direction. The collet is dimensioned so that it is the electrode already screwed deep into the cathode housing Collet receiving housing can span what the heat flow from the Additional electrode favored and about that size Elektrodennachschleiflänge an economic advantage in terms of operating costs.

In the drawings 1 and 3 Two different exemplary embodiments of a cross-process arc welding or cutting torch, each with a plasma torch and a TIG torch, and further details are described in accordance with the given construction principle. Show in detail

1 a possible embodiment of a plasma torch with a cooling system according to the invention including heat-dissipating gas lens and threadless double cone nozzle and a plasma electrode clamping system with differential screw drive in longitudinal section ( 1A ) and in the cross cut ( 1B )

2 a longitudinal section through an indirectly cooled plasma torch according to the prior art

3 a possible variant of a TIG torch with a similar cooling system as in 1 with the difference that instead of the double cone nozzle, a double cone collet is used in the combined cooling and clamping system.

4 Different design variants of the outer contour for the so-called double-cone plasma nozzle or electrode collet for the TIG torch version

The liquid-cooled plasma torch head after 1 is through an isolator 4 perpendicular to the burner axis in an upper cathode area 2 and one below the insulator 4 arranged anode area 3 shared, with the newly introduced cooling system covering the anode area 3 forms. The innermost shell of this cooling system forms an inner cooling jacket housing 5 , in the upper part of which the isolator 4 is used and that in the lower area a recording cone 6 has to accommodate the double cone nozzle 7 , which also acts as an anode in the burner. The inner cooling jacket housing 5 centers a separating jacket on its upper flange shoulder 8th which at the same time has an outer cooling jacket housing on its upper shoulder of the outer diameter 9 centered, which with its lower inner diameter in turn on the lowest outer diameter of the inner cooling jacket housing 5 supported. A shoulder on the outer diameter of the outer cooling jacket housing 9 centers an inert gas nozzle holder in its upper area 10 and forms in its lower, only through narrow inert gas passages 11 interrupted area a common heat transfer surface with the shielding gas nozzle holder 10 , with an inner circumferential protective gas distribution chamber 12 in the outer cooling jacket housing 9 with the protective gas supply pipe 13 directly connected. In a protective gas nozzle 14 that on the external thread of the shielding gas nozzle holder 10 is screwed on, is a gas lens 15 used with the inner cone on the outer cone of the double-cone nozzle 7 bears directly and this in the receiving cone of the inner cooling jacket housing 5 presses, the upper end of the shielding gas nozzle 14 against a seal 16 presses it against the circular end face, the insulating plastic casing surrounding the torch body 17 , presses. Between the lower face of the outer cooling jacket housing 9 , which also represents the shielding gas outlet plane from the burner head, and the top of the gas lens 15 is through the inner wall of the protective gas nozzle 14 and the outer contour of the double cone nozzle 7 a circumferential outer protective gas distribution chamber 18 formed, the gripping groove lying in this area 19 on the outer contour of the double-cone nozzle 7 to facilitate disassembly of the double cone nozzle 7 serves. That, at the same height and behind the coolant outlet pipe 20 and in longitudinal section 1A of 1 coolant inlet pipe not directly recognizable 21 guides the cooling medium into the annular gap-like outer cooling jacket designed as a hollow cylinder 22 and from there via the deflection slots 23 in the inner cooling jacket 24 , being in the lower, immediately behind the double cone nozzle 7 lying area of the inner cooling jacket 24 ring-shaped in the inner cooling jacket housing and to the inner cooling jacket 24 open recesses to enlarge the heat exchanger surfaces are appropriate. The inner contour of the double-cone plasma welding or cutting nozzle 7 is through the plasma channel arranged centrally to the nozzle axis at the nozzle tip, the plasma gas flow channel in the middle part and the receiving hole for a, the hard-melting electrode 25 centering and with plasma gas channels 26 equipped, ceramic centering tube 27 educated.

This plasma welding or cutting torch has a so-called double cone contour for the plasma welding or cutting nozzle 7 with respect to the main nozzle dimensions, diameter and length, a maximum of heat transfer surfaces, which is more than a doubling compared to the corresponding surfaces of the plasma nozzle of the in 2 plasma torch shown corresponds to the prior art. The smooth and defined cone surfaces prevent wear on the nozzle seat in the burner head. The arrangement of two coaxial cooling jackets in connection with the coolant flow direction while simultaneously maximizing the heat transfer areas ensures on the one hand the greatest possible cooling of the heat-sensitive burner parts and on the other hand the greatest possible heat discharge from the burner. By combining the above features in conjunction with that on the nozzle 7 directly attached heat-dissipating gas lens 15 and the protective gas nozzle made of heat-conducting material 14 the effectiveness of burner cooling is increased.

As a tensioning element for the needle-like, hard-melting plasma electrode 25 serves a massive, slotted collet equipped with a particularly long and slim cone 28 which also in a slotted collet holder housing 30 is used. The tension cap 29 has on its outer diameter a thread with a small pitch, via which it is in the collet holder housing 30 is held and led. In the internal thread of the clamping cap, which has a large pitch 29 becomes the collet 28 with the electrode 25 screwed in and by turning the clamping cap clockwise 29 the difference in pitch of the two collet threads in the collet holder housing 30 drawn. The collet holder housing 30 becomes thereby spread through the collet cone and braced to the full depth and over both flanks of its external thread with the associated internal thread of the cathode housing 31 , Although the electrode 25 fixed and immovable in the collet 28 is clamped, the collet holder housing 30 rotated via its adjustment ring in its smooth external thread and thus the electrode 25 be finely adjusted in their longitudinal direction. Due to the intensive mutual "toothing" of the threads of the collet holder housing 30 and cathode housing 31 an increased torque must be applied for the longitudinal adjustment of the electrodes, which at the same time ensures that the electrode position does not change automatically. Through the plasma gas feed pipe 32 the plasma gas enters the cathode housing 31 and from there over the expansion slots of the collet holder housing 30 and the plasma gas channels 26 in the centering tube 27 and the lower part of the double cone nozzle 7 passed into the plasma channel.

1B shows the introduction of the cooling medium through the coolant inlet pipe 21 in the outer cooling jacket 22 and the arrangement of the coolant outlet pipe 20 as well as the location of the cooling jackets 22 and 24 to each other or in relation to the burner head axis of the in 1A shown plasma welding or cutting torch.

In 3 a liquid-cooled TIG welding torch is shown, which is based on the same cooling technology and shielding gas routing as it is already used for in accordance with the cross-process design principle 1 has been described. Instead of the double-cone plasma welding or cutting nozzle 7 out 1 is a double-tapered and threadless electrode collet 33 in the cone receptacle of the inner cooling jacket housing 5 is used. The electrode collet 33 becomes like in 1 via a heat-dissipating gas lens 15 and also a thermally conductive protective gas nozzle 14 with the burner head and therefore with the one already in 1 described double jacket cooling system clamped, thereby intensive cooling of the electrode 25 is effected and at the same time again an additional outer protective gas distribution chamber 18 arises. Due to the use of the same components, the inner cooling jacket housing can 5 to accommodate the isolator 4 out 1 in a particularly advantageous manner for receiving and sealing a threadless electrode cover cap 34 which the electrode 25 covering in its rear part, can be used.

4 shows 5 Different versions with regard to possible outer contour variants for the so-called double-cone plasma welding and cutting nozzles or so-called double-cone electrode collets. In 4A is already in 1 and 3 The double-cone contour shown is represented by two truncated cones with their base circular surfaces and with their tips pointing in the opposite directions. In the cones used here, the cone shell is formed by a straight line that is inclined and circumferential at an angle to the longitudinal axis, the angles of inclination of the two cones having different values. The double cone 4A is in 4B varies to the extent that in the area of the front cone protruding from the burner, only or additionally is a cylindrical extension with a contact surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cone for a gas lens or a tensioning element attached to the double-cone part with its opposite cone in the receiving contour of the inner cooling jacket housing 5 to keep.

4C shows one of the 4A corresponding outer contour of the double-cone plasma nozzle 7 or the double-cone electrode collet 33 , but with the difference that the conical shape is not generated by a straight line that runs around the longitudinal axis of the cone, but is described by a curved, continuous line that is constantly approaching or moving away from the longitudinal axis, whereby the line curvatures can follow different mathematical equations. The example from 4D corresponds analogously to that in 4B , but with the difference that the cone, which is constantly changing in diameter, corresponds to the conception of 4C is generated by a curved circumferential line.

1

torch body

2

cathode region with plasma torches if the electrode is at the pole

3

anode region with plasma torches if the electrode is at the pole

4

insulator

5

Interior Cooling jacket housing

6

receiving cone

7

Doppelkegeldüse

8th

screen mantle

9

Outer cooling jacket housing

10

Protective gas nozzle receptacle

11

Schutzgasdurchlaßkanal

12

Inner Schutzgasverteilkammer

13

Inert gas supply pipe

14

Shield Cup

15

gas lens

16

poetry

17

Plastic sheathing of the burner body

18

Outer shielding gas distribution chamber

19

cross groove

20

Coolant outlet pipe

21

Coolant inlet pipe

22

Outer cooling jacket

23

Umlenkschlitze

24

inner cooling jacket

25

electrode

26

Plasma gas channel

27

centering

28

Electrode clamps for plasma electrode

29

clamping cap

30

Collet receiving housing

31

cathode housing

32

Plasma gas supply pipe

33

Double Cone electrode clamp for TIG torch variant

34

Elektrodenabdeckkappe

35

compression spring

36

Electrode guide insert

37

Plasma nozzle n.d. Hours. technology

38

collet n. d. Hours. technology

39

Intermediate housing n. Hours. technology

40

Single-leaf cooling system for liquid cooling media n. d. Hours. technology

41

Gas-lens filters n. d. Hours. Technology, held by spring washer

Note on the reference number 2 and 3 :
The terms cathode area 2 and anode area 3 apply to the standard application on which the description is based, ie that the electrode is connected to the pole of the current source. For the rarer application, the so-called plasma plus pole welding, the designations for the torch areas are reversed 2 and 3 um, the described advantages of this burner design also apply in this case.

Claims (9)

Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, characterized in that the design principle is maintained so that the anode area ( 3 ) of the plasma torch, consisting of the cooling system and the protective gas distribution can be used without modification for the production of both a plasma torch and a TIG torch and by exchanging the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) with centering tube ( 27 ) against a TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) or vice versa and replacing the electrode collet ( 28 ), the clamping cap ( 29 ) and the collet holder housing ( 30 ) against an electrode cover cap ( 34 ) or vice versa either a plasma torch ( 1 ) or a TIG torch ( 3 ) arises. 1.1 Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system consists of the parts of the inner cooling jacket housing ( 5 ), Separating jacket ( 8th ) outer cooling jacket housing ( 9 ), Shielding gas nozzle holder ( 10 ), Coolant outlet pipe ( 20 ) and coolant inlet pipe ( 21 ) consists. 1.2 Liquid-cooled arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding gas distribution from the parts of the shielding gas nozzle holder ( 10 ), Shielding gas supply pipe ( 13 ), Shielding gas nozzle ( 14 ), Gas lens ( 15 ) and seal ( 16 ) consists. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, characterized in that a gas lens ( 15 ) made of heat-conducting material on the thermally highly stressed components plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) is applied in a defined manner to large surfaces and there is additional heat discharge from the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or electrode and electrode collet ( 33 ) over the surfaces of the gas lens ( 15 ) and that the gas lens ( 15 ) cold protective gas flowing through. 2.1. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 2, characterized in that the contact surfaces used for heat transfer are located at the closest possible location, depending on the design, of the plasma nozzle tip or electrode tip of a TIG torch. 2.2. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 2 or 2.1, characterized in that the heat-conducting components used for the heat transfer plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) and gas lens ( 15 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) and the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) are clamped axially in the operating state, whereby the clamping force is due to the installation of the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) is applied. 2.3. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claims 2 to 2.2, characterized in that the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) consists of a heat-conducting material and therefore in connection with the heat-conducting gas lens ( 15 ) a heat flow from the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) in the cooling system of the burner body ( 1 ) is made possible. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, characterized in that the indirectly cooled plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) has no clamping thread and has a geometry that enables the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) via another component, which takes over the function of a clamping nut, with the burner body ( 1 ) to brace. 3.1. Arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to An saying 3, characterized in that the bracing of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) through a component designed as a clamping nut. 3.2. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to claim 3, characterized in that a combination of a protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and one into this protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) used gas lens ( 15 ) for bracing the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or the TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) serves, the gas lens ( 15 ) at the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with a defined area and the clamping force due to the installation of the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) is applied to the burner. 3.3. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, according to one or more of claims 3 to 3.2, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) and the contact surfaces of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the associated component, which ensures heat dissipation in the front nozzle or collet area and / or which transmits the clamping force, are designed so that the movable torch parts, plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) and gas lens ( 15 ), automatically align with each other and with the burner axis when clamping. 3.4 Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for this, according to one or more of claims 3 to 3.3, characterized in that the outer contour of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) in the simplest case has the shape of two cones or truncated cones, the tips of which point away from one another and whose base circular surfaces face one another, one cone forming the seat for the clamping element and the other cone in the receiving cone ( 6 ) of the burner body ( 1 ) is recorded. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and electrode clamping system therefor, characterized in that the needle-shaped, difficult-to-melt electrode ( 25 ) in a collet ( 28 ) is held, which is provided with a thread at one end and its contour, which is intended for the generation of force for electrode clamping, is designed as a slim outer cone such that after actuation of the tensioning cap ( 29 ) which the collet ( 28 ) moved into their counter cone via their common thread, due to the correspondingly slim pair of cones, tensioning with self-locking is guaranteed in any case, whereby when the blocked system is released by rotating the clamping cap ( 29 ) a longitudinal force is forcibly generated in the opposite direction, which cancels the self-locking state and the collet ( 28 ) automatically moved out of the clamping cone. 4.1. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and electrode clamping system therefor, according to claim 4, characterized in that the clamping cap ( 29 ), which the electrode clamping by the longitudinal movement of the collet ( 28 ) causes or cancels during the clamping process with the collet ( 28 ) connected via the common thread and at the same time even in the burner body ( 1 ) or in a separate collet holder housing ( 30 ) is held axially directly or via a corresponding thread. 4.1.1. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and electrode clamping system according to claim 4 or 4.1, characterized in that the clamping cap ( 29 ), which the electrode clamping due to the longitudinal displacement of the collet ( 28 ) causes or cancels with two threads that have a pitch difference, whereby, due to the pitch difference of these two threads, when the tensioning cap is turned ( 29 ) the collet ( 28 ) is shifted in its longitudinal direction per revolution by this gradient difference amount and this differential screw drive simultaneously generates a correspondingly large force for the electrode clamping process or for the cancellation of a system which is in self-locking. 4.1.2. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch, and electrode clamping system according to claim 4, 4.1 or 4.1.1, characterized in that the clamping cap ( 29 ) with an internal thread with a large pitch for moving the collet ( 28 ) and a fine external thread for axial fixing in the burner body ( 1 ) or in a separate collet holder housing ( 30 ) is trained. 4.2. Arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma torch, and electrode clamping system therefor, according to claim 4, characterized in that the needle-shaped, hard-melting electrode ( 25 ) in a collet ( 28 ) which is held with its outer cone in a collet holder housing provided with a suitable counter cone and slotted lengthways in this cone area ( 30 ) is recorded, which has a thread on its outer contour in its thin-walled and slotted area and, due to the tensioning of the electrode ( 25 ) in the collet ( 28 ) over its conical seat, expanding radially and thereby into the associated internal thread of the burner body ( 1 ) with both thread flanks and firmly. 4.3. Electrode clamping system for arc welding or cutting torch, in particular plasma or TIG torch according to one or more of the preceding claims 4 to 4.2. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, characterized in that the indirectly cooled plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) has no clamping thread and has a geometry that enables the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) via another component, which takes over the function of a clamping nut and also from a combination of several components, for example gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ), can exist with the burner body ( 1 ) to brace. 5.1. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 5, characterized in that the bracing of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) by a component designed as a union nut or clamping nut. 5.2. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 5 or 5.1, characterized in that a combination of the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and into this protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) used gas lens ( 15 ) for bracing the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or the TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) serves, the gas lens ( 15 ) at the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with a defined area and the clamping force due to the installation of the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) is applied to the burner. 5.3. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 5, 5.1 or 5.2, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) and the contact surfaces of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) with the associated component, which ensures heat dissipation in the front nozzle or collet area and / or which transmits the clamping force, are designed so that the movable torch parts, plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) and gas lens ( 15 ), automatically align with each other and with the burner axis when clamping. 5.4. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 5, 5.1, 5.2 or 5.3, characterized in that the outer contour of the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) in the simplest case has the shape of two cones or truncated cones, the tips of which point away from one another and whose base circular surfaces face one another, one cone forming the seat for the clamping element and the other cone in the receiving cone ( 6 ) of the burner body ( 1 ) is recorded. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, characterized in that the gas lens ( 15 ) made of heat-conducting material on the thermally highly stressed components plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) is applied in a defined manner to large surfaces and there is additional heat discharge from the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or electrode and electrode collet ( 33 ) over the surfaces of the gas lens ( 15 ) and that the gas lens ( 15 ) cold protective gas flowing through. 6.1. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 6, characterized in that the contact surfaces used for heat transfer are located at the closest possible location, depending on the design, of the plasma nozzle tip or electrode tip of a TIG torch. 6.2. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 6 or 6.1, characterized in that the heat-conducting components used for the heat transfer plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) and gas lens ( 15 ) with the burner body ( 1 ) and the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) are clamped axially in the operating state, whereby the clamping force is due to the installation of the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) is applied. 6.3. Arrangement consisting of gas lens ( 15 ) and protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) and plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG torches, according to claim 6, 6.1 or 6.2, characterized in that the protective gas nozzle ( 14 ) consists of a good heat-conducting material and therefore in connection with the heat-conducting the gas lens ( 15 ) a heat flow from the plasma nozzle ( 7 ) or TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) in the cooling system of the burner body ( 1 ) is made possible. Plasma nozzle in for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma torches, characterized in that its outer contour is described by a line running around the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, continuously moving away from the longitudinal axis and approaching again, a contour being formed according to the double-cone principle, the root circles of which lie on one another stand and the tips are directed away from each other. 7.1 Plasma nozzle ( 7 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma torches, according to claim 7, characterized in that their outer contour is described by a straight line which runs around the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, continuously moving away from the longitudinal axis and approaching it again, the contour of a double cone being formed, whose base circles are on top of each other and whose tips are directed away from each other. 7.2 Plasma nozzle ( 7 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma torches, according to claim 7, characterized in that their outer contour is described by a curved line that runs around the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, continuously moving away from the longitudinal axis and approaching it again, a contour being created according to the double-cone principle, whose base circles are on top of each other and the tips are directed away from each other. TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular TIG torches, characterized in that their outer contour is described by a line running around the longitudinal axis of the collet, continuously moving away from the longitudinal axis and approaching it again, whereby a contour arises according to the double-cone principle, the Circles stand on top of each other and the tips are directed away from each other. 8.1 TIG electrode collet ( 33 ) for Uchtbschweiß- or cutting torches, in particular TIG torches, according to claim 8, characterized in that your outer contour is described by a circumferential line around the longitudinal axis of the collet, constantly moving away from the longitudinal axis and approaching you, the contour of a double cone arises, the circles of which stand on top of each other and whose tips are directed away from each other. 8.2 WID electrode collet ( 33 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular TIG torches, according to claim 8, characterized in that your outer contour by a umlaut um the collet longitudinal axis, constantly moving away from the longitudinal axis. and again the approaching curved line is described, whereby a contour is formed according to the double-cone principle, the base circles of which are on top of each other and the tips are directed away from each other. Gas lens ( 15 ) for light bag welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG welding torches, characterized in that the gas lens consists of a thermally conductive material, is ring-shaped and the inner surface is conical or blended in accordance with the outer surface of the nozzle and thus as a contact surface to the plasma nozzle or TIG Electrode collet serves. 9.1 Gas lens ( 15 ) for arc welding or cutting torches, in particular plasma or TIG welding torches, according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas lens is made of sintered bronze.