EP0173674A2 - Hollow building block for vertical wall constructions, and mould for the manufacture of such a block - Google Patents

Hollow building block for vertical wall constructions, and mould for the manufacture of such a block Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0173674A2
EP0173674A2 EP85890177A EP85890177A EP0173674A2 EP 0173674 A2 EP0173674 A2 EP 0173674A2 EP 85890177 A EP85890177 A EP 85890177A EP 85890177 A EP85890177 A EP 85890177A EP 0173674 A2 EP0173674 A2 EP 0173674A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chambers
section
hollow block
masonry
block according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85890177A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0173674A3 (en
EP0173674B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Frühwald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BATIWE-BETEILIGUNGS-GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.
Original Assignee
Batiwe-Beteiligungs-Gesellschaft Mbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Batiwe-Beteiligungs-Gesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Batiwe-Beteiligungs-Gesellschaft Mbh
Publication of EP0173674A2 publication Critical patent/EP0173674A2/en
Publication of EP0173674A3 publication Critical patent/EP0173674A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0173674B1 publication Critical patent/EP0173674B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
    • B28B7/183—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for building blocks or similar block-shaped objects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/8404—Sound-absorbing elements block-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hollow block for the erection of masonry, with several, arranged in rows running parallel to the masonry plane, preferably from the upper surface of the stone to the opposite lower surface, essentially vertical chambers.
  • hollow blocks are already known and are installed in droves for the production of masonry.
  • the hollow blocks are made of different materials, for example concrete, cement-bound expanded clay, cement-bound wood wool, clay or the like.
  • the chambers either form air cells or there are insulating materials in the chambers, for example plates or strips made of polystyrene. In any case, the chambers increase the thermal resistance of the building block and thus improve the thermal insulation.
  • Hollow blocks are already known in which the chambers running in rows parallel to the masonry plane are rectangular in cross section.
  • it is also known to provide a chamber with a quarter-circular profile in the area of the corner in continuation of the chambers which are rectangular in cross section, in order to continue these chambers arranged in a row in the hollow block arranged around the corner achieve. This does not in itself influence the heat-insulating properties of the hollow block.
  • chambers with a rectangular cross-section there are also chambers with an approximately roof-shaped cross-section (a cross-section consisting of two interconnected rectangles, the longitudinal axes of which enclose an acute angle), chambers with an I-, L- or double-L-shaped cross-section and a rhombus-shaped cross-section known. It has also already been proposed to provide chambers with a substantially rectangular cross section at their ends or approximately in the middle with trapezoidal or circular thickenings. However, all these known cross sections of the chambers do not bring about any significant improvement in thermal insulation.
  • the thickening mentioned reduces the material required for the production of the hollow block, but at the same time also reduces the load-bearing capacity of the block. In addition, these thickenings support the convection of the air in the chambers, which increases the heat transfer.
  • the present invention has set itself the task of creating a hollow block, which on the one hand has an excellent load-bearing capacity, on the other hand an optimal thermal insulation.
  • the invention is based on a hollow block of the type described at the outset and consists essentially in the fact that the chambers have an arcuate cross section at least in the central region of the width of the stone extending in the direction of the masonry plane.
  • Such a hollow block has optimal thermal insulation properties, which results both from an examination of masonry built with such a hollow block and as a result of theoretical calculations.
  • the at least partially arcuate course of the volume of the same is increased slightly compared to the straight one, but without there by increasing the width of the chambers, which would bring about an undesirable increase in the convection of the air in the chambers. This improves the heat insulation effect achieved by the air-filled chambers.
  • the load capacity of the hollow block is increased by the inventive design.
  • Static calculations have shown that the load-bearing capacity is increased by about 6% compared to a hollow block with straight chambers, which results from an increase in the moment of inertia, which is twice as large in the hollow block according to the invention as the moment of inertia of a hollow block with straight chambers.
  • an increase in load capacity of 8% was determined.
  • a major advantage of the hollow block according to the invention also results in connection with its manufacture.
  • This manufacture takes place according to the invention in a casting mold, in which at least a part of the shape cross-sectionally connected webs are connected to form the chambers. These arcuate webs are therefore only connected to the mold at their edge and are not supported in between.
  • the latter has to be shaken in order to compact the material, whereby the webs formed from sheet metal begin to vibrate, which has the disadvantage that the material is in the area of these webs and thus with the intermediation of these Bars produced chambers is insufficiently compressed.
  • the arched webs now provide better strength, which also reduces the self-vibrations that occur during shaking and the vibrations that occur during shaking are transferred to the mass introduced into the casting mold.
  • Optimal values result when the sheet is at least a third, preferably about half, that is in rich tion of the masonry level extending width of the stone.
  • the arcuate cross section of the chambers can, for example, have the shape of a parabola or an ellipse section.
  • the cross section of the chambers is expediently at least partially delimited by circular arcs, the circular arcs preferably having a common center point from chambers arranged adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the inside of the brick.
  • the advantage is achieved that the webs arranged between the circular arc-shaped chambers have the same width everywhere, that is to say the distance between the chambers is the same everywhere, resulting in optimal heat and sound-insulating values.
  • the arc-shaped part of the chambers continues in the area of the side surfaces adjoining adjacent hollow blocks in a straight part, which has the advantage that the chambers of the hollow block adjacent when the masonry is erected are directly connected, so that optimal thermal insulation is also provided on the shock wave between adjacent hollow blocks.
  • the cross section of the chambers is smaller in the area adjacent to the upper cover surface than in the rest of the area.
  • the at least partially arcuate chambers only in a section of the stone which is adjoined by an essentially compact section, the separation between the two sections running essentially parallel to the masonry plane.
  • the section of the stone that has the at least partially arcuate chambers provides the necessary thermal insulation
  • the essentially compact section that is arranged on the inside of the masonry when the masonry is erected results in very good sound insulation and acts as a heat accumulator, by means of which a fluctuating temperature acts
  • Temperature compensation is achieved inside the building and the temperature prevailing inside the building is kept essentially constant in the desired manner for a certain time.
  • the section having the at least partially curved chambers has a lower density, preferably a density between 500 and 700 kg / m 3
  • the essentially compact section has a greater density, preferably a density between 800 and 1200 kg / m 3 .
  • the lower density leads to an improvement in the thermal insulation, the higher density an increase in the heat storage capacity and the sound insulation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hollow block according to the invention in a horizontal section along the line I - I in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 shows the hollow block according to Fig. 1 in a vertical section along the line II - II in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically in side view an inventive device for producing a stone according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3 through four casting molds combined into one unit.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section along the line V - V in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a device for compacting the masses poured into the molds and Fig. 7 also shows a perspective view of the filling device of the invention Device.
  • the hollow block according to the invention consists of two sections of different density, namely a section 1 of higher density and a section 2 of lower density. Both sections preferably have the same material composition and consist, for example, of concrete, but production using clay is also conceivable.
  • the dividing line between the two sections is indicated schematically by the dash-dotted line 3, whereby, however, as the manufacturing method explained in more detail later, no exact dividing line is created, rather the separation of the two sections is different Density takes place within a certain range. However, this does not matter, since an exact separation between the two sections is not important for the hollow block according to the invention.
  • the section 1 of greater density which is arranged on the inside in the production of rising masonry by means of the hollow block according to the invention, is essentially compact and forms a storage part which stores the heat and ensures the required sound insulation.
  • the bulk density of this section is between 800 and 1200 kg / m 3 .
  • grooves 4 adjacent to the inside 5 of the brick are provided. These grooves 4 serve to facilitate the production of channels on the inside of the masonry for the accommodation of installation lines.
  • section 1 On the side surfaces, section 1 has large mortar pockets 6 which effectively interrupt the longitudinal sound conduction, but at the same time also bring about additional thermal insulation in the area of the construction joint, especially when using light mortar.
  • the section 2 with a lower density of about 600 kg / m 3 , which effects the thermal insulation, has chambers 7, which partially run in the shape of a circular arc, the circular arcs (radii r 1 to r 4 ) having a common center. This results in an equidistant formation of the chambers 7 also in the area of the arcs.
  • the length of the arcuate part of the chambers 7 is about half, but at least one third of the width of the stone, that is the dimension between the opposite side surfaces.
  • the concave side of the chambers 7 is the inside 5 of the hollow block facing, which results in the aforementioned reflection of the high-frequency waves causing the energy transport in the direction of the room interior.
  • the section 2 of lower density, which has the chambers 7, has lugs 8 and recesses 9 on the side surfaces for centering with adjacent hollow blocks.
  • the cross section of the chambers in the region adjoining the upper cover surface 20 is smaller at 7 ′ than in the rest of the region.
  • the thickness of the chambers there is reduced from approximately 8 mm to approximately 3 mm. This makes it possible to guide the chambers 7 up to the upper cover surface 20, although mortar penetration into the chambers, which would impair the insulating effect thereof, is largely avoided.
  • the stone according to the invention is produced in casting molds, for example, as can be seen from FIG. 4, four casting molds 10 are combined to form a unit 11 which, as can be seen from FIG. 3, is placed on a flat bottom surface 12.
  • four casting molds 10 can also be combined to form a unit, and it is of course also possible to produce only a single stone in a single casting mold 10 during each filling process.
  • the two masses of different densities required for the production of the stone according to the invention are filled into a filling device 12, which is shown in perspective in FIG. 7.
  • the filling device 12 has two filling openings 13, 14 which are separated from one another by a wall 15 and into which the two masses of different densities are filled.
  • the masses of different densities filled into the filling openings 13, 14 are distributed over three outlet openings 16, 17, 18 such that the mass of lower density emerges through the two outer outlet openings 16, 18 the middle out the opening 17, however, the mass of greater density.
  • Crosspieces 19, which separate the outlet openings 16, 17, 18, ensure that the masses do not immediately mix with one another when they exit the openings 16, 17, 18.
  • the filling device 12 is located above an intermediate container 20, so that after opening a flap 21 which closes the outlet openings 16, 17, 18 and is not shown in FIG. 7, the masses of different densities are filled into the intermediate container.
  • the intermediate container 20 has no bottom and is located above a table 22 which prevents the filled-in mass from escaping.
  • the flap 21 is closed.
  • the intermediate container 20 is moved along rails 23 until it is above the four casting molds 10 combined into one unit. It is then caused by a vibrator, not shown, that the intermediate container 20 is completely emptied into the casting molds 10, which are combined to form a unit 11.
  • the intermediate container 20 After the intermediate container 20 has been emptied, it is pushed back into its starting position below the filling device 12. A stamp 25 is then lowered, for example by means of a hydraulic cylinder 26, which causes the masses of different densities filled into the casting molds 10 to be compressed.
  • webs 27 are fixed to the side walls of the casting molds, which extend in the upper region of the casting molds from one side wall to the opposite side wall, but are provided with recesses 28 below this uppermost region. These webs 27 serve to produce the chambers 7, the interruptions between the individual chambers being produced where the recesses 28 are provided, since the filled-in masses pass through these recesses can kick.
  • the stamp 25 is lowered so far during the compression of the filled masses that the surface of the compressed masses lying against the stamp is below the upper limit of the recesses 28.
  • the area of the webs above the recesses 28 thus only serves to allow the webs 27 to be fixed to the side walls of the casting molds 10.
  • the four casting molds 10 combined into a unit 11 are raised by means of a lifting device 29 (see FIG. 5), the unit being guided along rails 30.
  • the stones removed from the surface and resting on the surface 24 can now be removed and left to dry.
  • the cross section of the webs 27 is smaller at the lower end adjacent to the support surface 24 than in the rest of the region, so that the regions 7 ′ of reduced cross section of the chambers 7 are formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

1. A hollow building block for the erection of rising masonry, having a plurality of substantially vertical chambers (7) which are arranged in rows running parallel to the plane of the masonry and which preferably extend from the upper top surface of the block to the opposite lower surface and which, at least in the central area of the width of the block extending in the direction of the masonry plane, have an arcuate cross-section, characterized in that the area of all chambers (7) having an arcuate cross-section is curved in the same direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hohlblockstein für die Errichtung von aufgehendem Mauerwerk, mit mehreren, in parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verlaufenden Reihen angeordneten, vorzugsweise von der oberen Deckfläche des Steines zur gegenüberliegenden unteren Fläche durchgehenden, im wesentlichen vertikalen Kammern.The invention relates to a hollow block for the erection of masonry, with several, arranged in rows running parallel to the masonry plane, preferably from the upper surface of the stone to the opposite lower surface, essentially vertical chambers.

Derartige Hohlblocksteine sind bereits bekannt und werden zur Herstellung von aufgehendem Mauerwerk scharenweise verlegt. Die Hohlblocksteine werden aus verschiedenen Materialien hergestellt, beispielsweise aus Beton, zementgebundenem Blähton, zementgebundener Holzwolle, Lehm od. dgl. Die Kammern bilden entweder Luftzellen oder es befinden sich in den Kammern Isoliermaterialien, beispielsweise Platten oder Streifen aus Polystyrol. In jedem Fall wird durch die Kammern der Wärmedurchlaßwiderstand des Bausteines erhöht und somit die Wärmedämmung verbessert.Such hollow blocks are already known and are installed in droves for the production of masonry. The hollow blocks are made of different materials, for example concrete, cement-bound expanded clay, cement-bound wood wool, clay or the like. The chambers either form air cells or there are insulating materials in the chambers, for example plates or strips made of polystyrene. In any case, the chambers increase the thermal resistance of the building block and thus improve the thermal insulation.

Es sind bereits Hohlblocksteine bekannt, bei welchen die in Reihen parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verlaufenden Kammern im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgebildet sind. Bei der Ausbildung solcher Hohlblocksteine als Ecksteine ist es auch bekannt, im Bereich der Ecke in Fortsetzung der im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgebildeten Kammern eine Kammer mit einem im Querschnitt viertelkreisförmigen Verlauf vorzusehen, um eine Fortsetzung dieser in einer Reihe angeordneten Kammern in dem ums Eck angeordneten Hohlblockstein zu erzielen. Eine Beeinflussung der wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften des Hohlblocksteines an sich ergibt sich hiedurch nicht. Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, vonrund hinter einer parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verlaufenden Reihe mit in Längsrichtung der Reihe verlaufenden Kammern rechteckigen Querschnitts Kammern vorzusehen, deren Längsrichtung etwa senkrecht zu den erstgenannten Kammern verläuft.Hollow blocks are already known in which the chambers running in rows parallel to the masonry plane are rectangular in cross section. In the formation of such hollow blocks as corner stones, it is also known to provide a chamber with a quarter-circular profile in the area of the corner in continuation of the chambers which are rectangular in cross section, in order to continue these chambers arranged in a row in the hollow block arranged around the corner achieve. This does not in itself influence the heat-insulating properties of the hollow block. It has also already been proposed, from round behind a row running parallel to the masonry level and in the longitudinal direction to provide the rows of chambers of rectangular cross-section, the longitudinal direction of which is approximately perpendicular to the first-mentioned chambers.

Außer den Kammern mit rechteckigem Querschnitt sind auch Kammern mit etwa dachförmig verlaufendem Querschnitt (einen Querschnitt bestehend aus zwei miteinander verbundenen Rechtecken, deren Längsachsen miteinander einen spitzen Winkel einschließen), Kammern mit I-, L- oder Doppel-L-förmigem Querschnitt sowie rhombusförmigem Querschnitt bekannt. Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, Kammern mit im wesentlichen rechtecksförmigem Querschnitt an ihren Enden oder etwa in der Mitte mit trapezförmigen oder kreisförmigen Verdickungen zu versehen. Alle diese bekannten Querschnitte der Kammern bringen jedoch keine wesentliche Verbesserung der Wärmedämmung mit sich. Durch die erwähnten Verdickungen wird zwar der Materialbedarf für die Herstellung des Hohlblocksteines verringert, jedoch gleichzeitig auch die Tragfähigkeit desselben. Außerdem unterstützen diese Verdickungen die Konvektion der Luft in den Kammern, wodurch die Wärmeübertragung vergrößert wird.In addition to the chambers with a rectangular cross-section, there are also chambers with an approximately roof-shaped cross-section (a cross-section consisting of two interconnected rectangles, the longitudinal axes of which enclose an acute angle), chambers with an I-, L- or double-L-shaped cross-section and a rhombus-shaped cross-section known. It has also already been proposed to provide chambers with a substantially rectangular cross section at their ends or approximately in the middle with trapezoidal or circular thickenings. However, all these known cross sections of the chambers do not bring about any significant improvement in thermal insulation. The thickening mentioned reduces the material required for the production of the hollow block, but at the same time also reduces the load-bearing capacity of the block. In addition, these thickenings support the convection of the air in the chambers, which increases the heat transfer.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, einen Hohlblockstein zu schaffen, der einerseits eine hervorragende Tragfähigkeit, anderseits eine optimale Wärmedämmung aufweist. Die Erfindung geht hiebei aus von einem Hohlblockstein der eingangs beschriebenen Art und besteht im wesentlichen darin, daß die Kammern zumindest im mittleren Bereich der sich in Richtung der Mauerwerksebene erstreckenden Breite des Steines einen bogenförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.The present invention has set itself the task of creating a hollow block, which on the one hand has an excellent load-bearing capacity, on the other hand an optimal thermal insulation. The invention is based on a hollow block of the type described at the outset and consists essentially in the fact that the chambers have an arcuate cross section at least in the central region of the width of the stone extending in the direction of the masonry plane.

Ein solcher Hohlblockstein weist optimale wärmedämmende Eigenschaften auf, was sich sowohl bei einer Untersuchung eines mit einem solchen Hohlbockstein gebauten Mauerwerkes als auch als Resultat théoretischer Berechnungen ergibt. Einerseits win dirch den zumindest teilweise bogenförmigen verlauf der volumen derselben gegenüber der ge- rade verlau vergrößert, ohne daß jedoch dadurch eine Vergrößerung der Breite der Kammern erfolgt, welche eine unerwünschte Erhöhung der Konvektion der Luft in den Kammern mit sich bringen würde. Dadurch wird die durch die luftgefüllten Kammern erzielte Wärmeisolationswirhung verbessert.Such a hollow block has optimal thermal insulation properties, which results both from an examination of masonry built with such a hollow block and as a result of theoretical calculations. On the one hand, the at least partially arcuate course of the volume of the same is increased slightly compared to the straight one, but without there by increasing the width of the chambers, which would bring about an undesirable increase in the convection of the air in the chambers. This improves the heat insulation effect achieved by the air-filled chambers.

Es hat sich aber auch gezeigt, daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung die Tragfähigkeit des Hohlblocksteines erhöht wird. Statische Berechnungen haben ergeben, daß eine Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit gegenüber einem Hohlblockstein mit gerade verlaufenden Kammern um etwa 6 % erfolgt, was sich aus einer Erhöhung des Trägheitsmoments ergibt, welches beim erfindungsgemäßen Hohlblockstein doppelt so groß ist wie das Trägheitsmoment eines Hohlblocksteines mit gerade verlaufenden Kammern. Bei Belastungsversuchen wurde sogar eine Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit um 8 % ermittelt.But it has also been shown that the load capacity of the hollow block is increased by the inventive design. Static calculations have shown that the load-bearing capacity is increased by about 6% compared to a hollow block with straight chambers, which results from an increase in the moment of inertia, which is twice as large in the hollow block according to the invention as the moment of inertia of a hollow block with straight chambers. In load tests, an increase in load capacity of 8% was determined.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlblocksteines ergibt sich weiters in Verbindung mit seiner Herstellung. Diese Herstellung erfolgt erfindungsgemäß in einer Gießform, bei welcher mit wenigstens einem Teil der Form im Querschnitt bogenförmige Stege zur Bildung der Kammern verbunden sind. Diese bogenförmigen Stege sind also nur an ihrem Rand mit der Gießform verbunden und sind dazwischen nicht abgestützt. Nach dem Einfüllen des den Hohlblockstein bildenden Materiales in die Gießform muß diese zwecks Verdichtung des Materiales gerüttelt werden, wodurch die aus Blechen gebildeten Stege zum Schwingen beginnen, was den Nachteil mit sich bringt, daß das Material im Bereich dieser Stege und damit der unter Vermittlung dieser Stege hergestellten Kammern ungenügend verdichtet wird. Die bogenförmig verlaufenden Stege ergeben nun eine bessere Festigkeit, wodurch auch die beim Rütteln entstehenden Selbstschwingungen reduziert werden und die beim Rütteln entstehenden Schwingungen auf die in die Gießform eingebrachte Masse übertragen werden.A major advantage of the hollow block according to the invention also results in connection with its manufacture. This manufacture takes place according to the invention in a casting mold, in which at least a part of the shape cross-sectionally connected webs are connected to form the chambers. These arcuate webs are therefore only connected to the mold at their edge and are not supported in between. After the filling of the material forming the hollow block into the casting mold, the latter has to be shaken in order to compact the material, whereby the webs formed from sheet metal begin to vibrate, which has the disadvantage that the material is in the area of these webs and thus with the intermediation of these Bars produced chambers is insufficiently compressed. The arched webs now provide better strength, which also reduces the self-vibrations that occur during shaking and the vibrations that occur during shaking are transferred to the mass introduced into the casting mold.

Optimale werte ergeben sich, wenn der Bogen mindestens ein Dittel, vorzugsweise etwa die Hälfte, der sich in Richtung der Mauerwerksebene erstreckenden Breite des Steines beträgt.Optimal values result when the sheet is at least a third, preferably about half, that is in rich tion of the masonry level extending width of the stone.

Der bogenförmige Querschnitt der Kammern kann beispielsweise die Form einer Parabel oder eines Ellipsenabschnittes aufweisen.The arcuate cross section of the chambers can, for example, have the shape of a parabola or an ellipse section.

Zweckmäßig ist jedoch der Querschnitt der Kammern zumindest teilweise von Kreisbögen begrenzt, wobei vorzugsweise die Kreisbogen von in Richtung senkrecht zur Innenseite des Mauersteines benachbart angeordneten Kammern einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt haben. Im letzteren Fall wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die zwischen den kreisbogenförmig verlaufenden Kammern angeordneten Stege überall dieselbe Breite besitzen, der Abstand zwischen den Kammern also überall gleich groß ist, wodurch sich optimale wärme- und schalldämmende Werte ergeben.However, the cross section of the chambers is expediently at least partially delimited by circular arcs, the circular arcs preferably having a common center point from chambers arranged adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the inside of the brick. In the latter case, the advantage is achieved that the webs arranged between the circular arc-shaped chambers have the same width everywhere, that is to say the distance between the chambers is the same everywhere, resulting in optimal heat and sound-insulating values.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die konkave Seite der Kammern der Innenseite des Mauersteines zugewendet ist, da sich dann ein optimaler Wärmedurchlaßwiderstand des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteines aus folgenden Gründen ergibt:

  • In einem Isolator erfolgt der Energietransport fast ausschließlich durch hochfrequente elastische rellen, die sogenannten Phononen. Diese Phononen können sich in einem homogenen Material ungehindert geradlinig ausbreiten, werden jedoch durch den Einbau von Grenzflächen abgelenkt. Trifft eine Welle auf eine solche durch eine luftgefüllte Kammer gebildete Grenzfläche auf, so erfährt diese Welle zum Teil eine Reflexion und zum Teil eine Brechung. Diejenigen Wellen, deren Einfallswinkel größer als der Winkel der Totalreflexion ist, werden totalreflektiert. Daraus ergibt sich, daß der Neigungswinkel der Grenzfläche, also der die Kammern begrenzenden wände, gegenüber der Richtung der einfallenden Welle dafür maßgebend ist, ob und in welchem Maße eine Reflexion dieser Welle stattfindet. Berechnungen haben nun ergeben, daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Luftkammern ein Großteil der auftreffenden, den Wärmeenergietransport bewerkstelligenden Wellen totalreflektiert wird, so daß sich auch dadurch eine ganz wesentliche Verbesserung der Wärmedämmung ergibt.
It is advantageous if the concave side of the chambers faces the inside of the brick, since then an optimal thermal resistance of the brick according to the invention results for the following reasons:
  • In an insulator, the energy is transported almost exclusively by high-frequency elastic cells, the so-called phonons. These phonons can propagate in a straight line in a homogeneous material without hindrance, but are deflected by the incorporation of interfaces. If a wave strikes such an interface formed by an air-filled chamber, this wave experiences a reflection and a refraction. Those waves whose angle of incidence is greater than the angle of total reflection are totally reflected. It follows from this that the angle of inclination of the interface, that is to say the walls delimiting the chambers, with respect to the direction of the incident wave is decisive for whether and to what extent this wave is reflected. Calculations have now shown that the design of the air chambers in accordance with the invention totally reflects the impinging waves that bring about the transfer of thermal energy, so that this also results in a very substantial improvement in thermal insulation.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung setzt sich der bogenförmig verlaufende Teil der Kammern im Bereich der an benachbarte Hohlblocksteine angrenzenden Seitenflächen in einen gerade verlaufenden Teil fort, was den Vorteil mit sich bringt, daß die Kammern des bei der Errichtung des Mauerwerkes benachbarten Hohlblocksteines unmittelbar anschließen, so daß auch an der Stoßwelle zwischen benachbarten Hohlblocksteinen eine optimale Wärmedämmung gegeben ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the arc-shaped part of the chambers continues in the area of the side surfaces adjoining adjacent hollow blocks in a straight part, which has the advantage that the chambers of the hollow block adjacent when the masonry is erected are directly connected, so that optimal thermal insulation is also provided on the shock wave between adjacent hollow blocks.

Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist der Querschnitt der Kammern im an die obere Deckfläche angrenzenden Bereich kleiner als im übrigen Bereich. Diese Ausführungsform ergibt den Vorteil, daß die Kammern über die ganze Höhe des Mauersteines durchlaufend ausgebildet sind, so daß ihre Wirkung hinsichtlich Wärmedämmung groß ist, daß jedoch das Eindringen von Mörtel bei der Herstellung des Mauerwerkes in die Kammern weitgehend unterbunden wird, da durch den kleineren Querschnitt der Mörtel kaum in das Innere der Kammern eindringen kann.According to a further feature of the invention, the cross section of the chambers is smaller in the area adjacent to the upper cover surface than in the rest of the area. This embodiment gives the advantage that the chambers are continuous over the entire height of the brick, so that their effect with regard to thermal insulation is great, but that the penetration of mortar in the manufacture of the masonry is largely prevented in the chambers, since the smaller one Cross section of the mortar can hardly penetrate into the interior of the chambers.

Es hat sich weiters als zweckmäßig erwiesen, die zumindest teilweise bogenförmig verlaufenden Kammern lediglich in einem Abschnitt des Steines anzuordnen, an den ein im wesentlichen kompakter Abschnitt anschließt, wobei die Trennung zwischen den beiden Abschnitten im wesentlichen parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verläuft. Der die zumindest teilweise bogenförmig verlaufenden Kammern aufweisende Abschnitt des Steines bewirkt die erforderliche Wärmedämmung, der im wesentlichen kompakte Abschnitt, der bei Errichtung des Mauerwerkes an der Innenseite desselben angeordnet wird, ergibt eine sehr gute Schalldämmung und wirkt als Wärmespeicher, durch welchen bei schwankenden Temperaturen ein Temperaturausgleich im Inneren des Bauwerkes erzielt wird und über eine gewisse Zeit die im Inneren des Bauwerkes herrschende Temperatur in erwünschter Weise im wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird. Eine optimale Wirkung ergibt sich bei einem derart ausgebildeten Hohlblockstein dann, wenn gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung der die zumindest teilweise bogenförmig verlaufenden Kammern aufweisende Abschnitt eine geringere Dichte, vorzugsweise eine Dichte zwischen 500 und 700 kg/m3, und der im wesentlichen kompakte Abschnitt eine größere Dichte, vorzugsweise eine Dichte zwischen 800 und 1200 kg/m3, aufweist. Die geringere Dichte bewirkt eine Verbesserung der Wärmedämmung, die größere Dichte eine Erhöhung des Wärmespeichervermögens und der Schalldämmung.It has also proven to be expedient to arrange the at least partially arcuate chambers only in a section of the stone which is adjoined by an essentially compact section, the separation between the two sections running essentially parallel to the masonry plane. The section of the stone that has the at least partially arcuate chambers provides the necessary thermal insulation, the essentially compact section that is arranged on the inside of the masonry when the masonry is erected results in very good sound insulation and acts as a heat accumulator, by means of which a fluctuating temperature acts Temperature compensation is achieved inside the building and the temperature prevailing inside the building is kept essentially constant in the desired manner for a certain time. An optimal effect is obtained with a hollow block designed in this way if, according to a further feature of the invention, the section having the at least partially curved chambers has a lower density, preferably a density between 500 and 700 kg / m 3 , and the essentially compact section has a greater density, preferably a density between 800 and 1200 kg / m 3 . The lower density leads to an improvement in the thermal insulation, the higher density an increase in the heat storage capacity and the sound insulation.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen schematisch veranschaulicht. Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Hohlblockstein in einem Horizontalschnitt nach der Linie I - I in Fig. 2 und Fig. 2 stellt den Hohlblockstein nach Fig. 1 in einem Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie II - II in Fig. 1 dar. Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch in Seitenansicht eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Steines. Fig. 4 zeigt einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV - IV in Fig. 3 durch vier zu einer Einheit zusammengefaßte Gießformen. Fig. 5 stellt einen Schnitt nach der Linie V - V in Fig. 3 dar. Fig. 6 zeigt in perspektiver Darstellung eine Einrichtung zum Verdichten der in die Gießformen eingefüllten Massen und Fig. 7 stellt, gleichfalls in perspektiver Darstellung, die Fülleinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dar.In the drawing, the invention is illustrated schematically using exemplary embodiments. Fig. 1 shows a hollow block according to the invention in a horizontal section along the line I - I in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 shows the hollow block according to Fig. 1 in a vertical section along the line II - II in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows schematically in side view an inventive device for producing a stone according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3 through four casting molds combined into one unit. Fig. 5 shows a section along the line V - V in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a device for compacting the masses poured into the molds and Fig. 7 also shows a perspective view of the filling device of the invention Device.

Der erfindungsgemäße Hohlblockstein besteht aus zwei Abschnitten verschiedener Dichte, nämlich aus einem Abschnitt 1 größerer Dichte und aus einem Abschnitt 2 geringerer Dichte. Beide Abschnitte weisen vorzugsweise dieselbe Materialzusammensetzung auf und bestehen beispielsweise aus Beton, jedoch ist auch eine Herstellung unter Verwendung von Lehm denkbar. Die Trennlinie zwischen den beiden Abschnitten ist schematisch durch die strichpunktierte Linie 3 angedeutet, wobei jedoch, wie die später noch näher erläuterte Herstellungsweise erkennen läßt, keine exakte Trennlinie entsteht, vielmehr die Trennung der beiden Abschnitte verschiedener Dichte innerhalb eines gewissen Bereiches stattfindet. Dies spielt jedoch keine Rolle, da es beim erfindungsgemäßen Hohlblockstein auf eine exakte Trennung zwischen den beiden Abschnitten nicht ankommt.The hollow block according to the invention consists of two sections of different density, namely a section 1 of higher density and a section 2 of lower density. Both sections preferably have the same material composition and consist, for example, of concrete, but production using clay is also conceivable. The dividing line between the two sections is indicated schematically by the dash-dotted line 3, whereby, however, as the manufacturing method explained in more detail later, no exact dividing line is created, rather the separation of the two sections is different Density takes place within a certain range. However, this does not matter, since an exact separation between the two sections is not important for the hollow block according to the invention.

Der Abschnitt 1 größerer Dichte, welcher bei der Herstellung von aufgehendem Mauerwerk mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlblocksteines innen angeordnet ist, ist im wesentlichen kompakt und bildet einen Speicherteil, welcher die Wärme speichert und die erforderliche Schalldämmung gewährleistet. Die Rohdichte dieses Abschnittes beträgt zwischen 800 und 1200 kg/m3. In diesem Abschnitt sind lediglich der Innenseite 5 des Mauersteines benachbarte Nuten 4 vorgesehen. Diese Nuten 4 dienen dazu, die Herstellung von Kanälen an der Innenseite des Mauerwerkes für die Unterbringung von Installationsleitungen zu erleichtern. An den Seitenflächen weist der Abschnitt 1 große Mörteltaschen 6 auf, die die Schallängsleitung wirksam unterbrechen, gleichzeitig aber auch vor allem bei Verwendung von Leichtmörteln eine zusätzliche Wärmedämmung im Bereich der Arbeitsfuge bewirken.The section 1 of greater density, which is arranged on the inside in the production of rising masonry by means of the hollow block according to the invention, is essentially compact and forms a storage part which stores the heat and ensures the required sound insulation. The bulk density of this section is between 800 and 1200 kg / m 3 . In this section, only grooves 4 adjacent to the inside 5 of the brick are provided. These grooves 4 serve to facilitate the production of channels on the inside of the masonry for the accommodation of installation lines. On the side surfaces, section 1 has large mortar pockets 6 which effectively interrupt the longitudinal sound conduction, but at the same time also bring about additional thermal insulation in the area of the construction joint, especially when using light mortar.

Der Abschnitt 2 mit geringerer Dichte von etwa 600 kg/m3, welcher die Wärmedämmung bewirkt, weist Kammern 7 auf, die teilweise kreisbogenförmig verlaufen, wobei die Kreisbögen (Radien r1 bis r4) einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt haben. Dadurch ergibt sich eine äquidistante Ausbildung der Kammern 7 auch im Bereich der Kreisbögen. Die Länge des bogenförmig verlaufenden Teiles der Kammern 7 beträgt etwa die Hälfte, mindestens jedoch ein Drittel der Breite des Steines, also der Abmessung zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen.The section 2 with a lower density of about 600 kg / m 3 , which effects the thermal insulation, has chambers 7, which partially run in the shape of a circular arc, the circular arcs (radii r 1 to r 4 ) having a common center. This results in an equidistant formation of the chambers 7 also in the area of the arcs. The length of the arcuate part of the chambers 7 is about half, but at least one third of the width of the stone, that is the dimension between the opposite side surfaces.

An den bogenförmig verlaufenden Teil der Kammern 7 schließt sich im Bereich dieser Seitenflächen ein gerade verlaufender Teil an, der teilweise an den Seitenflächen geöffnet ist und sich dort in einem entsprechend ausgebildeten Teil einer Kammer des bei der Errichtung des Mauerwerkes benachbart angeordneten Hohlblocksteines fortsetzt.At the arcuate part of the chambers 7, in the area of these side surfaces, there is a straight part, which is partly open on the side surfaces and continues there in a correspondingly designed part of a chamber of the hollow block arranged adjacent to one another during the construction of the masonry.

Die konkave Seite der Kammern 7 ist der Innenseite 5 des Hohlblocksteines zugewendet, wodurch sich die bereits erwähnte Reflexion der den Energietransport bewirkenden hochfrequenten Wellen in Richtung zum Rauminneren ergibt.The concave side of the chambers 7 is the inside 5 of the hollow block facing, which results in the aforementioned reflection of the high-frequency waves causing the energy transport in the direction of the room interior.

Der die Kammern 7 aufweisende Abschnitt 2 geringerer Dichte weist an den Seitenflächen Nasen 8 und Ausnehmungen 9 zur Zentrierung mit benachbarten Hohlblocksteinen auf.The section 2 of lower density, which has the chambers 7, has lugs 8 and recesses 9 on the side surfaces for centering with adjacent hollow blocks.

Wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, ist der Querschnitt der Kammern im an die obere Deckfläche 20 angrenzenden Bereich bei 7' kleiner als im übrigen Bereich. Die Dicke der Kammern ist dort von etwa 8 mm auf ca. 3 mm verringert. Dadurch wird es möglich, die Kammern 7 bis zur oberen Deckfläche 20 zu führen, wobei dennoch ein Eindringen von Mörtel in die Kammern, welches die Isolierwirkung derselben beeinträchtigen würde, weitgehend vermieden wird.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the cross section of the chambers in the region adjoining the upper cover surface 20 is smaller at 7 ′ than in the rest of the region. The thickness of the chambers there is reduced from approximately 8 mm to approximately 3 mm. This makes it possible to guide the chambers 7 up to the upper cover surface 20, although mortar penetration into the chambers, which would impair the insulating effect thereof, is largely avoided.

Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Steines erfolgt in Gießformen, wobei beispielsweise, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist, vier Gießformen 10 zu einer Einheit 11 zusammengefaßt sind, welche, wie aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, auf einer ebenen Bodenfläche 12 abgestellt ist. Es können aber auch mehr als vier Gießformen zu einer Einheit zusammengefaßt sein und es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, bei jedem Füllvorgang nur einen einzigen Stein in einer einzigen Gießform 10 herzustellen.The stone according to the invention is produced in casting molds, for example, as can be seen from FIG. 4, four casting molds 10 are combined to form a unit 11 which, as can be seen from FIG. 3, is placed on a flat bottom surface 12. However, more than four casting molds can also be combined to form a unit, and it is of course also possible to produce only a single stone in a single casting mold 10 during each filling process.

Die für die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Steines benötigten beiden Massen verschiedener Dichte werden in eine Fülleinrichtung 12 eingefüllt, die in Fig. 7 in perspektiver Darstellung gezeigt ist. Die Fülleinrichtung 12 weist in ihrem oberen Bereich zwei Einfüllöffnungen 13, 14 auf, die durch eine Wand 15 voneinander getrennt sind und in die die beiden Massen verschiedener Dichte eingefüllt werden. Durch entsprechende Formgebung mehrerer im Inneren der Fülleinrichtung 12 vorgesehener Trennwände werden die in die Einfüllöffnungen 13, 14 eingefüllten Massen verschiedener Dichte derart auf drei Austrittsöffnungen 16, 17, 18 verteilt, daß durch die beiden äußeren Austrittsöffnungen 16, 18 die Masse geringerer Dichte austritt, durch die mittlere Austrittsöffnung 17 hingegen die Masse größerer Dichte. Stege 19, welche die Austrittsöffnungen 16, 17, 18 voneinander trennen, gewährleisten, daß die Massen sich beim Austreten aus den Öffnungen 16, 17, 18 nicht sofort miteinander mischen.The two masses of different densities required for the production of the stone according to the invention are filled into a filling device 12, which is shown in perspective in FIG. 7. In its upper region, the filling device 12 has two filling openings 13, 14 which are separated from one another by a wall 15 and into which the two masses of different densities are filled. By appropriately shaping a plurality of dividing walls provided inside the filling device 12, the masses of different densities filled into the filling openings 13, 14 are distributed over three outlet openings 16, 17, 18 such that the mass of lower density emerges through the two outer outlet openings 16, 18 the middle out the opening 17, however, the mass of greater density. Crosspieces 19, which separate the outlet openings 16, 17, 18, ensure that the masses do not immediately mix with one another when they exit the openings 16, 17, 18.

Die Fülleinrichtung 12 befindet sich oberhalb eines Zwischenbehälters 20, so daß nach Öffnen einer die Austrittsöffnungen 16, 17, 18 verschließenden, in Fig. 7 nicht dargestellten Klappe 21 die Massen verschiedener Dichte in den Zwischenbehälter eingefüllt werden. Der Zwischenbehälter 20 weist keinen Boden auf und befindet sich oberhalb eines Tisches 22, der ein Austreten der eingefüllten Massen verhindert. Sobald das Volumen der im Zwischenbehälter befindlichen Massen für die Füllung der vier zu einer Einheit 11 zusammengefaßten Gießformen 10 ausreicht (siehe Fig. 4), wird die Klappe 21 verschlossen. Im Anschluß daran wird der Zwischenbehälter 20 entlang von Schienen 23 verschoben, bis er sich oberhalb der vier zu einer Einheit zusammengefaßten Gießformen 10 befindet. Hierauf wird durch einen nicht dargestellten Rüttler bewirkt, daß sich der Zwischenbehälter 20 vollständig in die zu einer Einheit 11 zusammengefaßten Gießformen 10 entleert. Nach Entleeren des Zwischenbehälters 20 wird dieser in seine Ausgangsposition unterhalb der Fülleinrichtung 12 zurückgeschoben. Hierauf wird ein Stempel 25 beispielsweise mittels eines Hydraulikzylinders 26 abgesenkt, welcher eine Verdichtung der in die Gießformen 10 eingefüllten Massen verschiedener Dichte bewirkt.The filling device 12 is located above an intermediate container 20, so that after opening a flap 21 which closes the outlet openings 16, 17, 18 and is not shown in FIG. 7, the masses of different densities are filled into the intermediate container. The intermediate container 20 has no bottom and is located above a table 22 which prevents the filled-in mass from escaping. As soon as the volume of the masses in the intermediate container is sufficient to fill the four casting molds 10 combined into one unit 11 (see FIG. 4), the flap 21 is closed. Subsequently, the intermediate container 20 is moved along rails 23 until it is above the four casting molds 10 combined into one unit. It is then caused by a vibrator, not shown, that the intermediate container 20 is completely emptied into the casting molds 10, which are combined to form a unit 11. After the intermediate container 20 has been emptied, it is pushed back into its starting position below the filling device 12. A stamp 25 is then lowered, for example by means of a hydraulic cylinder 26, which causes the masses of different densities filled into the casting molds 10 to be compressed.

Wie aus den Fig. 4 und 6 hervorgeht, sind an den Seitenwänden der Gießformen 10 Stege 27 fixiert, welche sich im oberen Bereich der Gießformen von einer Seitenwand zur gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand erstrecken, unterhalb dieses obersten Bereiches jedoch mit Ausnehmungen 28 versehen sind. Diese Stege 27 dienen zur Herstellung der Kammern 7, wobei dort, wo die Ausnehmungen 28 vorgesehen sind, die Unterbrechungen zwischen den einzelnen Kammern hergestellt werden, da über diese Ausnehmungen die eingefüllten Massen hindurchtreten können. Der Stempel 25 wird beim Verdichten der eingefüllten Massen so weit abgesenkt, daß die am Stempel anliegende Fläche der verdichteten Massen sich unterhalb der oberen Begrenzung der Ausnehmungen 28 befindet. Der Bereich der Stege oberhalb der Ausnehmungen 28 dient somit lediglich dazu, eine Fixierung der Stege 27 an den Seitenwänden der Gießformen 10 zu ermöglichen.4 and 6, 10 webs 27 are fixed to the side walls of the casting molds, which extend in the upper region of the casting molds from one side wall to the opposite side wall, but are provided with recesses 28 below this uppermost region. These webs 27 serve to produce the chambers 7, the interruptions between the individual chambers being produced where the recesses 28 are provided, since the filled-in masses pass through these recesses can kick. The stamp 25 is lowered so far during the compression of the filled masses that the surface of the compressed masses lying against the stamp is below the upper limit of the recesses 28. The area of the webs above the recesses 28 thus only serves to allow the webs 27 to be fixed to the side walls of the casting molds 10.

Nach dem Verdichten der in die Gießformen 10 eingefüllten Massen werden die vier zu einer Einheit 11 zusammengefaßten Gießformen 10 mittels einer Hebevorrichtung 29 (siehe Fig. 5) angehoben, wobei die Einheit entlang von Schienen 30 geführt ist. Die dadurch entformten, auf der Fläche 24 aufruhenden Steine können nun abtransportiert und trocknen gelassen werden.After the masses filled into the casting molds 10 have been compacted, the four casting molds 10 combined into a unit 11 are raised by means of a lifting device 29 (see FIG. 5), the unit being guided along rails 30. The stones removed from the surface and resting on the surface 24 can now be removed and left to dry.

Der Querschnitt der Stege 27 ist am unteren, der Auflagefläche 24 benachbarten Ende kleiner als im übrigen Bereich, damit die Bereiche 7' verringerten Querschnittes der Kammern 7 gebildet werden.The cross section of the webs 27 is smaller at the lower end adjacent to the support surface 24 than in the rest of the region, so that the regions 7 ′ of reduced cross section of the chambers 7 are formed.

Claims (10)

1. Hohlblockstein für die Errichtung von aufgehendem Mauerwerk, mit mehreren, in parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verlaufenden Reihen angeordneten, vorzugsweise von der oberen Deckfläche des Steines zur gegenüberliegenden unteren Fläche durchgehenden, im wesentlichen vertikalen Kammern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammern (7) zumindest im mittleren Bereich der sich in Richtung der Mauerwerksebene erstreckenden Breite des Steines einen bogenförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.1. Hollow block for the erection of masonry, with several, arranged in parallel to the masonry rows, preferably from the upper surface of the stone to the opposite lower surface continuous, essentially vertical chambers, characterized in that the chambers (7) at least in middle region of the width of the stone extending in the direction of the masonry plane have an arcuate cross section. 2. Hohlblockstein nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des bogenförmig verlaufenden Teiles der Kammern (7) mindestens ein Drittel, vorzugsweise etwa die Hälfte, der sich in Richtung der Mauerwerksebene erstreckenden Breite des Steines beträgt.2. Hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the arcuate part of the chambers (7) is at least a third, preferably about half, of the width of the stone extending in the direction of the masonry plane. 3. Hohlblockstein nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Kammern (7) zumindest teilweise von Kreisbögen begrenzt ist, wobei vorzugsweise die Kreisbögen von in Richtung senkrecht zur Innenseite (5) des Mauersteines benachbart angeordneten Kammern (7) einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt haben.3. Hollow block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the chambers (7) is at least partially delimited by circular arcs, preferably the circular arches from in the direction perpendicular to the inside (5) of the brick adjacent chambers (7) a common Have focus. 4. Hohlblockstein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die konkave Seite der Kammern (7)' der Innenseite (3) des Mauersteines zugewendet ist.4. Hollow block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concave side of the chambers (7) 'facing the inside (3) of the brick. 5. Hohlblockstein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der bogenförmig verlaufende Teil der Kammern (7) im Bereich der an benachbarte Hohlblocksteine angrenzenden Seitenflächen in einen gerade verlaufenden Teil fortsetzt.5. Hollow block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the arcuate part of the chambers (7) continues in the region of the side faces adjacent to adjacent hollow blocks in a straight part. 6. Hohlblockstein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Kammern (7) im an die obere Deckfläche (20) angrenzenden Bereich (7') kleiner ist als im übrigen Bereich.6. Hollow block according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the chambers (7) in the area (7 ') adjoining the upper cover surface (20) is smaller than in the rest of the area. 7. Hohlblockstein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zumindest teilweise bogenförmit verlaufenden Kammern (7) lediglich in einem Abschnitt (2) des Steines angeordnet sind, an den ein im wesentlichen kompakter Abschnitt (1) anschließt, wobei die Trennung (3) zwischen den beiden Abschnitten (1, 2) im wesentlichen parallel zur Mauerwerksebene verläuft.7. Hollow block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least partially bogenförmit extending chambers (7) are arranged only in a section (2) of the stone, to which a substantially compact section (1) connects, the separation (3) between the two sections (1, 2) running essentially parallel to the masonry level. 8. Hohlblockstein nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die zumindest teilweise bogenförmig verlaufenden Kammern (7) aufweisende Abschnitt (2) eine geringere Dichte, vorzugsweise eine Dichte zwischen 500 und 700 kg/m3, und der im wesentlichen kompakte Abschnitt (1) eine größere Dichte, vorzugsweise eine Dichte zwischen 800 und 1200 kg/m3, aufweist.8. Hollow block according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least partially curved chambers (7) having section (2) has a lower density, preferably a density between 500 and 700 kg / m 3 , and the substantially compact section (1 ) has a greater density, preferably a density between 800 and 1200 kg / m 3 . 9. Gießform zur Herstellung von Hohlblocksteinen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit wenigstens einem Teil der Form (10) im Querschnitt bogenförmige Stege (27) zur Bildung der Kammern (7) verbunden sind.9. Casting mold for the production of hollow blocks according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that with at least part of the mold (10) in cross-section webs (27) are connected to form the chambers (7). 10. Gießform nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Stege (27) im Bereich eines Endes der Stege kleiner ist als im übrigen Bereich.10. Casting mold according to claim 9, characterized in that the cross section of the webs (27) is smaller in the region of one end of the webs than in the rest of the region.
EP19850890177 1984-08-30 1985-08-08 Hollow building block for vertical wall constructions, and mould for the manufacture of such a block Expired EP0173674B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2784/84 1984-08-30
AT0278484A AT381532B (en) 1984-08-30 1984-08-30 HOLLOW BLOCKSTONE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RISING MASONRY, AND CASTING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE HOLLOW BLOCKSTONE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0173674A2 true EP0173674A2 (en) 1986-03-05
EP0173674A3 EP0173674A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0173674B1 EP0173674B1 (en) 1989-11-29

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19850890177 Expired EP0173674B1 (en) 1984-08-30 1985-08-08 Hollow building block for vertical wall constructions, and mould for the manufacture of such a block

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EP (1) EP0173674B1 (en)
AT (1) AT381532B (en)
DE (1) DE3574487D1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT400456B (en) * 1986-01-15 1996-01-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Hollow purpose-made block
AT402213B (en) * 1989-12-07 1997-03-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag HIGH HOLE BLOCK WITH ELONGAL, CONTINUOUS BREAKTHROUGHS
EP1676684A2 (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-05 Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Sohne Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a building block
CN112726859A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 南京柯庆慕文化传媒有限公司 Building plywood of making an uproar that separates

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT400458B (en) * 1988-01-18 1996-01-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag PERFORATED BRICK

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE183789C (en) *
CH137973A (en) * 1928-12-06 1930-02-15 Syndicat Des Brevets Bloc Athe Improvement in agglomerate blocks for constructions.
FR752953A (en) * 1932-07-12 1933-10-04 Stonework refinements
DE820801C (en) * 1948-10-19 1951-11-12 Oswald Koenig Artificial stone, in particular building block and device for its production
DE860709C (en) * 1951-06-28 1952-12-22 Karl Ellwanger Brick with perforations
DE2129434A1 (en) * 1970-06-19 1971-12-23 Leitner Anton Dipl Ing Dr Tech Extruded hollow brick

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE183789C (en) *
CH137973A (en) * 1928-12-06 1930-02-15 Syndicat Des Brevets Bloc Athe Improvement in agglomerate blocks for constructions.
FR752953A (en) * 1932-07-12 1933-10-04 Stonework refinements
DE820801C (en) * 1948-10-19 1951-11-12 Oswald Koenig Artificial stone, in particular building block and device for its production
DE860709C (en) * 1951-06-28 1952-12-22 Karl Ellwanger Brick with perforations
DE2129434A1 (en) * 1970-06-19 1971-12-23 Leitner Anton Dipl Ing Dr Tech Extruded hollow brick

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT400456B (en) * 1986-01-15 1996-01-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Hollow purpose-made block
AT402213B (en) * 1989-12-07 1997-03-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag HIGH HOLE BLOCK WITH ELONGAL, CONTINUOUS BREAKTHROUGHS
EP1676684A2 (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-05 Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Sohne Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a building block
EP1676684A3 (en) * 2004-12-29 2009-08-12 Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Sohne Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a building block
CN112726859A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 南京柯庆慕文化传媒有限公司 Building plywood of making an uproar that separates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA278484A (en) 1986-03-15
DE3574487D1 (en) 1990-01-04
AT381532B (en) 1986-10-27
EP0173674A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0173674B1 (en) 1989-11-29

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