EP0170595B1 - Carbureter with an automatic choking device - Google Patents

Carbureter with an automatic choking device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170595B1
EP0170595B1 EP85401595A EP85401595A EP0170595B1 EP 0170595 B1 EP0170595 B1 EP 0170595B1 EP 85401595 A EP85401595 A EP 85401595A EP 85401595 A EP85401595 A EP 85401595A EP 0170595 B1 EP0170595 B1 EP 0170595B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
temperature
idling
speed
starting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401595A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0170595A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Martel
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Solex SA
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Solex SA
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Publication of EP0170595A1 publication Critical patent/EP0170595A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
    • F02M1/08—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically
    • F02M1/10—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically dependent on engine temperature, e.g. having thermostat
    • F02M1/12—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically dependent on engine temperature, e.g. having thermostat with means for electrically heating thermostat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to carburetors for internal combustion engines of the type which include, for normal engine operation, a main fuel spouting system which opens into the intake duct upstream of a throttle member ( or throttle valve) controlled by the driver and - for starting and cold running the engine - an automatic starting device which includes a starting flap located in the intake duct upstream of the outlet of the main spouting system of fuel and a temperature-sensitive element, in which a material contained in a closed enclosure undergoes a variation in volume as a function of temperature, which controls the position of the starting flap and the position of minimum opening of the butterfly.
  • a main fuel spouting system which opens into the intake duct upstream of a throttle member ( or throttle valve) controlled by the driver and - for starting and cold running the engine -
  • an automatic starting device which includes a starting flap located in the intake duct upstream of the outlet of the main spouting system of fuel and a temperature-sensitive element, in which a material contained in a closed enclosure undergoe
  • Patent application FR-A-2 257 790 describes a device of the type defined above in which the temperature-sensitive element, commonly called a “wax capsule”, is subjected to the temperature of the engine cooling water.
  • a wax capsule makes it possible to exert much greater efforts than the bimetallic spirals conventionally used in starting devices. It therefore makes it possible to move elements subjected to friction or to the action of return springs and to eliminate the prior arming necessary in bimetallic spiral systems.
  • a starting device is known using a wax capsule, described in patent FR-A-2288224, which provides a partial solution to the problem by using a wax capsule which is no longer subjected to the temperature of the cooling water. , but provided with rapid electric heating means, which may consist of a resistance with a positive temperature coefficient or PCT.
  • the wax capsule is only intended to provide a forced opening of the starting flap and, consequently, only partially remedies the various problems posed by starting and cold running the engine. In particular, it does not make it possible to reduce the speed by closing the butterfly.
  • the invention aims to provide a carburetor of the type defined above provided with a starting device making it possible to take into account the various situations which may be encountered during cold starting and starting, until the engine has reached normal operating temperature. These situations may include the following.
  • the invention provides a carburetor of the type defined above, the temperature sensitive element of which is provided with a heating resistor and a temperature sensor, the starting device further comprising a computer having inputs connected to the temperature sensor and to sensors providing signals representative of the operating conditions of the engine and an output for controlling the electric power applied to the heating resistor, the sensor being provided for controlling the electric power applied to this heating resistor and to impose an opening on the butterfly and the air shutter which depends on the temperature of the temperature-sensitive element when the engine is started and on the number of revolutions made by the latter since the engine is started.
  • the carburetor comprises an idling circuit provided with a primary air supply, with a fuel supply and with an outlet of rich primary mixture in the intake duct, equipped with '' an element (such as a screw) of manual adjustment, adjusted to give the engine a richness of idling lower than that which would be necessary in the absence of regulation and this circuit is provided with a solenoid valve controlled by the organ of calculation in response to a decrease in engine speed below a predetermined threshold to increase the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine and avoid stalling.
  • the full opening of the air flap will be reached for a temperature of the sensitive element at a temperature much lower than that which this element can reach by controlling the minimum opening position of the throttle valve, position occupied at idle.
  • the butterfly is deprived of the conventional mechanical stop element fixing an adjustable position which it can in no case exceed in the direction of closing.
  • the regulation of the hot idling speed will then intervene by very low oscillations amplitude of the throttle position at idle, this regulation having a time constant much higher than that of the system intended to avoid stalling (the latter time constant can be much less than 1 s).
  • the starting device executes a "program" well suited to launching an engine that has been stopped for several hours and whose temperature is well stabilized.
  • the temperature sensor alone does not allow the thermal state of an engine which has been running for a certain time but which has not reached its normal operating temperature to be detected.
  • stopping the engine with the hood open for a few minutes can cool the temperature-sensitive element to the point of causing the shutter to close, even though the engine is still lukewarm: starting the engine under these conditions can lead to the flooding of the engine by excess wealth.
  • the speed of rotation of the engine on the starter, before starting the engine is used as a parameter for discriminating the enrichment program to be supplied to the engine, as a function of its thermal state.
  • the speed of rotation on a starter varies a lot depending on the thermal state of the engine: for example, a perfectly cold engine, which has not been running for several hours, will have a lower speed of rotation, generally l '' from 60 to 150 revolutions / minute, due to high viscosity of the lubricating oil or lower voltage of the electric battery, while an engine which has just started, even if it is far from its temperature normal operating speed, will have a much higher starter speed, of the order of 180 to 250 revolutions / minute.
  • This heating is interrupted at the speed at which the engine can turn on its own, typically around 350 rpm.
  • the carburetor a schematic diagram of which is given in FIG. 1, comprises a body 10 made of several assembled parts in which an intake duct 12 is formed.
  • the main fuel spouting system, opening at the neck of a venturi 14 of the duct d intake 12 is supplied with a rich primary air-fuel mixture from a constant level tank 16 and from the atmosphere.
  • Calibrators 18 and 20 are interposed on the air and fuel inlets to the system.
  • a throttle member, or butterfly, 22 is placed downstream of the venturi 14 and wedged on a rotary shaft 24 controlled by the driver by means of a linkage not shown.
  • a return spring also not shown, biases the butterfly in the closing direction.
  • Upstream of the venturi 14 is placed an air flap 26 mounted on an eccentric pin 28 so that the air flow sucked by the motor tends to bring it to the fully open position in which it is shown.
  • the carburetor also has an idling circuit supplied with a rich primary air-fuel mixture by the main spouting system.
  • This circuit opens into the intake duct 12 through an idle orifice 30 placed downstream of the throttle valve 22 and a transition or by-pass slot 32 intended to pass progressively from upstream to downstream of the throttle valve as the opening of the latter.
  • a manual adjustment screw 34 makes it possible to adjust the flow rate which passes through the orifice 30 and therefore to adjust the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine during idling operation, while the end of the butterfly is downstream of the slot 32.
  • the carburetor comprises a device intervening in particular during starting and cold starting of the engine to adjust the position of the flap 26 and that of the throttle valve 22.
  • This device comprises a temperature-sensitive element 36, which will be designated by the continued by the usual term "wax capsule".
  • This element is constituted by a closed enclosure occupied by a thermodilatable material which gives, to a rod 38 resting on it, a projection which increases with the temperature of the element. This temperature is adjustable by modulating the electric power applied to a heating resistor 40 in thermal contact with the enclosure.
  • the rod 38 is coupled to an arm 42 integral with the axis 24 by an abutment link intended to give the butterfly a minimum open position depending on the position of the rod 38 and beyond which the butterfly can be opened by the driver's action.
  • a mechanical linkage 44 also allows the wax capsule 36 to fix the position of the flap 26 as long as it is not in its fully open position, reached for a temperature of the wax capsule 36 lower than that which it takes during the operation of the engine under normal conditions.
  • a temperature sensor 46 which may consist of a resistance with a negative temperature coefficient, is associated with the wax capsule 36 so as to supply an electrical signal which is a function of the temperature of the latter.
  • the sensor 46 is connected, by a conductor 48, to one of the inputs of a calculating member 50 which may comprise, in a conventional manner, a microprocessor, a cartographic read-only memory whose role will appear below and a working RAM.
  • a calculating member 50 which may comprise, in a conventional manner, a microprocessor, a cartographic read-only memory whose role will appear below and a working RAM.
  • An analog-digital converter must in this case be provided to transform the analog signal from the sensor 46 into a digital signal.
  • Other inputs of the calculation unit 50 are respectively connected to a sensor providing a signal depending on the speed N of the engine, to a sensor assembly placed on the gearbox and the clutch and providing a binary signal A indicating whether the motor is coupled or not, and to a sensor providing a binary signal 8 indicating whether or not the throttle valve 22 is close to its minimum opening position.
  • the speed sensor can be constituted by a probe providing a pulse at each revolution of the ignition switch.
  • a first output of the calculating member 50 comprises an actuator 52 supplying the heating resistor 40 with the electrical power required to maintain it at a set temperature ⁇ c determined according to a law which will be described later.
  • a second output 54 controls the opening and closing of a solenoid valve 56 placed on the idle circuit of the carburetor, upstream of the slot 32.
  • the calculating member 50 is designed to supply, on this output, a signal to pulse width modulation, variable duty cycle, allowing the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine to be adjusted at idle.
  • the assembly consisting of the capsule 35, the arm 42 and the linkage 44 will be designed so as to give the butterfly 22 and the flap 26 an opening law as a function of the temperature of the capsule of the kind shown by the lines in solid line in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the minimum opening a of the throttle valve 22 as a function of the temperature, shown by the curve 58 corresponds to a regular decrease as a function of the temperature, from the minimum temperature at which the engine must be able to start ( -30 ° C in the example illustrated) up to the maximum temperature that the wax capsule can take 36.
  • the prior devices using a wax capsule were generally provided so that the minimum opening position of the butterfly imposed by the starting device reaches a minimum value for a determined temperature of the capsule and then stores it.
  • This minimum opening position was fixed by the abutment of the butterfly against a mechanical stop, generally adjustable.
  • the shape of the corresponding curve is represented by the dashed curve 58a.
  • the mechanical stop will generally be eliminated on a carburetor according to the invention, which makes it possible to regulate the idle speed by acting on the temperature of the wax capsule 36. With this regulation, it is possible to adopt a setpoint Nc of the idling speed of the hot engine significantly lower than on simple manual adjustment carburetors. This idling speed Nc will be maintained regardless of the load applied to the engine, for example in the event of an increase in load due to the commissioning of an accessory, for example an air conditioning unit.
  • the mixture supplied normally at idle speed can be adjusted “lean”, using the screw 34 for a nominal duty cycle of the signal applied to the solenoid valve 56, corresponding to permanent operation.
  • This duty cycle will be temporarily modified by the calculating member 50 in a direction tending to increase the richness in the event of a drop in engine speed below Nc, with a short time constant, until the member calculation, operating in closed loop, will have brought the engine back to its set idle speed by action on the temperature of the wax capsule 36.
  • This regulation, at a longer time constant is accompanied by a return to the duty cycle of instruction for the control of the solenoid valve 56.
  • Another solution consists in providing a solenoid valve 56 closed at rest, placed in parallel with a calibrator providing the quantity of mixture required for normal idling operation.
  • the law for controlling the opening of the air flap 26 could be that represented in FIG. 3 by the solid line 60, comparable to that, 60a, of a known type of carburetor with a wax capsule. It should simply be noted that the air flap arrives in its fully open position from a temperature of the wax capsule 36 much lower than the maximum temperature at which it can be brought into operation, for example at approximately 65 ° C. in the case illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the programming of the calculation unit 50 will be carried out so as to obtain a start-up strategy by action on the air shutter 26 and the butterfly 22 using as essential input parameter the temperature 0 0 of the wax capsule at l time of engine launch (i.e. at room temperature in the event of a cold start) and the number of revolutions M made by the engine since launch (this last parameter can be replaced by the time elapsed since launch time).
  • the speed regulation is carried out by all or nothing control of the heating power applied at resistance 40: if N> Nc, the heating power is applied to the wax capsule 36. If NK Nc, no heating is applied.
  • the setpoint value Nc given to the motor will be stored in the read-only memory of the calculation unit 50 in the form of a table making a value Nc correspond to each pair of value ranges of 9 0 and M (or t).
  • the part of the table immediately following the launch of the engine may for example be as follows:
  • the calculation unit gradually reduces the setpoint speed Nc from its initial value. For example, there may be a reduction in the idling speed and the setpoint each time the calculating member 50 has received 2500 pulses indicating for each an ignition.
  • the calculating member 50 regulates the temperature of the capsule 36 at a set value ⁇ c which, too, is a function of the starting temperature, with an increase in the set temperature in stages, each stage corresponding to a determined number of engine revolutions.
  • ⁇ c is a function of the starting temperature
  • the calculating member 50 causes the application of a heating "slot", for example of 5 ms, representing a determined quantity of heat, by the actuator 52 at each revolution of the engine. There is no heating if ⁇ > ⁇ c.
  • the solenoid valve 56 can also be controlled to ensure a cut in deceleration, with recovery, programmed or not, from one or more thresholds of the speed N of the engine.
  • the calculation unit 50 can also perform a deceleration cut-off, by supplying the solenoid valve 56 permanently (duty cycle of 100%) when at the same time the engine is coupled, the accelerator is not actuated and the speed N is greater than a threshold Nm.
  • the corresponding flowchart is indicated in dashes in Figure 5.
  • the calculating member can play the role of damper during the ignition cut-off, then suppressing the flow of primary mixture in the idle circuit.
  • the solenoid valve 56 is advantageously of the type open at rest so that in the event of a failure of the electrical supply to the actuator, the conductor is not hampered by major operating faults.
  • the usual drawback of such an arrangement namely the risk of self-ignition when the electrical contact is cut off, is eliminated by incorporating a time delay in the calculating member so that it keeps the solenoid valve closed for a few seconds after switching off.
  • the mechanical linkage 44 can have various constitutions, and in particular that shown in Figure 6 where the return springs are not shown, for simplicity.
  • the return springs intended in particular to push the butterfly and the flap 26 towards their closed position, may be of the type described in document FR-A-2 257 790 to which reference may be made.
  • a linkage is placed in a housing 60 fixed to the body 10 of the carburetor by means not shown, such as screws.
  • the enclosure of the wax capsule 36 is fixed to the wall of the housing 60 and its rod 38 projects inside.
  • This rod carries a pin trapped in a fork belonging to a bent lever 62 having a lower arm 64 terminated by a cam 66 forming a stop for the finger 42 (not shown) secured to the axis 24 of the butterfly 22.
  • a second arm 68 is also completed by a cam which can come into abutment with a pin 70 secured to a plate 72 fixed to the axis 28 of the shutter and forming a lever.
  • the cam has two consecutive surfaces, one, 74, designed to move the flap 26 in the opening direction by pressing on the pin 70, the other, 76, constituted by a circular edge centered on the axis 78 of the angled lever, intended to maintain the flap in its fully open position when the temperature of the capsule 36 is greater than a determined value (65 ° C. in the case illustrated in FIG. 3).
  • the starting device also includes means sensitive to the vacuum prevailing downstream of the butterfly 22 to impose on the air flap a determined opening from the first engine explosions.
  • These means consist of a membrane 80 placed in a housing 82 and subjected, on one side, to the pressure prevailing in the intake duct 12 downstream of the butterfly valve (brought by a pipe not shown) and, on the other, at atmospheric pressure.
  • the membrane 80 is connected to a rod 83 whose curved end 84 has a unidirectional connection with one of the ends of a lever 86 articulated on an axis 88 carried by the lever 62.
  • the other end of the lever 86 constitutes, for the pin 70 of the control lever 72, a stop which ensures a minimum opening of the flap 26 when a vacuum is established downstream of the butterfly valve.
  • a spring 91 acting in the opposite direction to the pressure forces exerted on the membrane 80 tends to return the rod 82 to the rest position illustrated in Figure 1 in solid lines.
  • the linkage 44 shown in Figure 6 is intended to present a hysteresis which facilitates the restarting of the hot engine during the first tens of minutes after stopping, taking into account that the thermal inertia of the engine is much greater than that of the carburetor and that, moreover, the normal temperature of the engine cooling water (80 to 100 ° C) is much higher than that of the carburetor (20 to 40 ° C).
  • the wax capsule 36 cools down quickly while the engine is hot, and therefore causes the shutter to close gradually. But this closure is useless, and even often harmful, when the engine is restarted after a few minutes or even a few tens of minutes. Indeed, the engine is hot enough not to need enrichment.
  • the linkage of Figure 6 includes means for maintaining the flap in the fully open position, upon cooling, to a temperature lower than that which corresponds to complete opening during heating.
  • this hysteresis corresponds to the curve indicated in dashes, indicating that the full opening is maintained up to approximately 35 ° C., then a fall back on the normal curve of variation of the opening as a function of the temperature.
  • the device can in this case be supplemented by means (bistable circuit whose inputs are connected to two comparators with respective thresholds of 150 revolutions / minute and 350 revolutions / minute for example) which in all cases cause heating as soon as the engine is started if the starter speed exceeds 150 rpm.
  • the invention is obviously not limited to the particular mode of execution which has been shown and described by way of example and, moreover, the calculating member can fulfill functions in addition to those which have been described or substituting for them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)

Description

L'invention est relative aux carburateurs pour moteurs à combustion interne du type de ceux qui comprennent, pour la marche normale du moteur, un système de jaillissement principal de combustible qui débouche dans le conduit d'admission en amontd'un organe d'étranglement (ou papillon) commandé par le conducteur et - pour la mise en marche et la marche à froid du moteur - un dispositif de départ automatique qui comprend un volet de départ situé dans le conduit d'admission en amont du débouché du système de jaillissement principal de combustible et un élément sensible à la température, dans lequel une matière contenue dans une enceinte fermée subit une variation de volume en fonction de la température, qui commande la position du volet de départ et la position d'ouverture minimale du papillon.The invention relates to carburetors for internal combustion engines of the type which include, for normal engine operation, a main fuel spouting system which opens into the intake duct upstream of a throttle member ( or throttle valve) controlled by the driver and - for starting and cold running the engine - an automatic starting device which includes a starting flap located in the intake duct upstream of the outlet of the main spouting system of fuel and a temperature-sensitive element, in which a material contained in a closed enclosure undergoes a variation in volume as a function of temperature, which controls the position of the starting flap and the position of minimum opening of the butterfly.

La demande de brevet FR-A-2 257 790 décrit un dispositif du type ci-dessus défini dans lequel l'élément sensible à la température, qu'on appelle couramment une «capsule à cire», est soumis à la température de l'eau de refroidissement du moteur. Une capsule à cire permet d'exercer des efforts beaucoup plus importants que les spirales bimétalliques classiquement utilisées dans les dispositifs de départ. Elle permet en conséquence de déplacer des éléments soumis à des frottements ou à l'action de ressorts de rappel et de supprimer l'armement préalable nécessaire dans les systèmes à spirale bimétallique.Patent application FR-A-2 257 790 describes a device of the type defined above in which the temperature-sensitive element, commonly called a “wax capsule”, is subjected to the temperature of the engine cooling water. A wax capsule makes it possible to exert much greater efforts than the bimetallic spirals conventionally used in starting devices. It therefore makes it possible to move elements subjected to friction or to the action of return springs and to eliminate the prior arming necessary in bimetallic spiral systems.

L'un des problèmes que posent les dispositifs de départ à froid est qu'ils doivent imposer au papillon une ouverture minimale suffisante pour permettre le démarrage même à basse température et réduire ensuite cette ouverture minimale pour éviter l'emballement du moteur. L'expérience montre que les dispositifs utilisant la température de l'eau de refroidissement comme paramètre de commande ne permettent pas de maintenir le ralenti du moteur à une vitesse proche de sa vitesse nominale lors des premières dizaines de secondes qui suivent le départ à froid. Les forces de frottement qui freinent le moteur diminuent en effet très rapidement après le lancement et la température de la paroi des chambres de combustion augmente beaucoup plus vite que celle de l'eau de refroidissement. Le fonctionnement temporaire à un régime de ralenti très supérieur au régime nominal se traduit notamment par une élévation de la consommation de combustible et une augmentation de la pollution.One of the problems with cold start devices is that they must impose a minimum opening sufficient on the throttle to allow starting even at low temperatures and then reduce this minimum opening to avoid runaway engine. Experience shows that devices using the temperature of the cooling water as a control parameter do not allow engine idling to be maintained at a speed close to its nominal speed during the first tens of seconds following cold start. The frictional forces which brake the engine in fact decrease very quickly after launching and the temperature of the wall of the combustion chambers increases much faster than that of the cooling water. Temporary operation at an idle speed much higher than the nominal speed results in particular in an increase in fuel consumption and an increase in pollution.

On connaît un dispositif de départ utilisant une capsule à cire, décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2288224, qui apporte au problème une solution partielle en utilisant une capsule à cire qui n'est plus soumise à la température de l'eau de refroidissement, mais munie de moyens de chauffage électrique rapide, pouvant être constitués par une résistance à coefficient de température positif ou PCT. La capsule à cire n'a toutefois pour but que de procurer une ouverture forcée du volet de départ et, en conséquence, ne remédie que de façon très partielle aux différents problèmes posés par la mise en marche et la marche à froid du moteur. En particulier, elle ne permet pas de réduire le régime par fermeture du papillon.A starting device is known using a wax capsule, described in patent FR-A-2288224, which provides a partial solution to the problem by using a wax capsule which is no longer subjected to the temperature of the cooling water. , but provided with rapid electric heating means, which may consist of a resistance with a positive temperature coefficient or PCT. The wax capsule, however, is only intended to provide a forced opening of the starting flap and, consequently, only partially remedies the various problems posed by starting and cold running the engine. In particular, it does not make it possible to reduce the speed by closing the butterfly.

L'invention vise à fournir un carburateur du type ci-dessus défini muni d'un dispositif de départ permettant de prendre en compte les diverses situations que l'on peut rencontrer lors du démarrage et du départ à froid, jusqu'à ce que le moteur ait atteint sa température normale de fonctionnement. Ces situations peuvent notamment être les suivantes.The invention aims to provide a carburetor of the type defined above provided with a starting device making it possible to take into account the various situations which may be encountered during cold starting and starting, until the engine has reached normal operating temperature. These situations may include the following.

Ralenti: moteur désaccouplé (boîte de vitesses au point mort et/ou pédale d'embrayage enfoncée) et non chargé (pédale d'accélérateur au repos);

  • décélération: moteur non chargé et accouplé;
  • marche à vide: moteur chargé et désaccouplé;
  • marche normale: moteur chargé et accouplé.
Idling: engine uncoupled (gearbox in neutral and / or clutch pedal depressed) and not loaded (accelerator pedal at rest);
  • deceleration: motor not loaded and coupled;
  • idle: engine loaded and uncoupled;
  • normal operation: engine loaded and coupled.

Pour résoudre ce problème, l'invention propose un carburateur du type ci-dessus défini dont l'élément sensible à la température est muni d'une résistance chauffante et d'un capteur de température, le dispositif de départ comportant de plus un calculateur ayant des entrées reliées au capteur de température et à des capteurs fournissant des signaux représentatifs des conditions de fonctionnement du moteur et une sortie de commande de puissance électrique appliquée à la résistance chauffante, le capteur étant prévu pour contrôler la puissance électrique appliquée à cette résistance chauffante et pour imposer au papillon et au volet d'air une ouverture qui dépend de la température de l'élément sensible à la température lors de la mise en marche du moteur et du nombre de tours effectués par ce dernier depuis la mise en marche.To solve this problem, the invention provides a carburetor of the type defined above, the temperature sensitive element of which is provided with a heating resistor and a temperature sensor, the starting device further comprising a computer having inputs connected to the temperature sensor and to sensors providing signals representative of the operating conditions of the engine and an output for controlling the electric power applied to the heating resistor, the sensor being provided for controlling the electric power applied to this heating resistor and to impose an opening on the butterfly and the air shutter which depends on the temperature of the temperature-sensitive element when the engine is started and on the number of revolutions made by the latter since the engine is started.

Suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le carburateur comporte un circuit de ralenti muni d'une alimentation en air primaire, d'une alimentation en combustible et d'une sortie de mélange primaire riche dans le conduit d'admission, équipée d'un élément (tel qu'une vis) de réglage manuel, ajusté pour donner au moteur une richesse de ralenti inférieure à celle qui serait nécessaire en l'absence de régulation et ce circuit est muni d'une électrovanne commandée par l'organe de calcul en réponse à une diminution de la vitesse du moteur au-dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé pour augmenter la richesse du mélange fourni au moteur et éviter le calage. En agissant ainsi sur la richesse du mélange, on dispose d'un système à réponse rapide et on peut régler le circuit de ralenti de façon que le mélange fourni au moteur lorsque ce dernier fonctionne au ralenti soit pauvre, ce qui est un facteur d'anti-pollution. Cette fonction d'anti- calage par augmentation temporaire de la richesse trouve tout son intérêt lorsqu'elle est associée à une régulation de vitesse par l'organe de calcul, ce dernier réglant la puissance de chauffage de l'élément sensible à la température.According to one embodiment of the invention, the carburetor comprises an idling circuit provided with a primary air supply, with a fuel supply and with an outlet of rich primary mixture in the intake duct, equipped with '' an element (such as a screw) of manual adjustment, adjusted to give the engine a richness of idling lower than that which would be necessary in the absence of regulation and this circuit is provided with a solenoid valve controlled by the organ of calculation in response to a decrease in engine speed below a predetermined threshold to increase the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine and avoid stalling. By acting on the richness of the mixture, there is a rapid response system and the idle circuit can be adjusted so that the mixture supplied to the engine when the latter is idling is lean, which is a factor of anti pollution. This anti-timing function by temporary increase in the richness is of great interest when it is associated with speed regulation by the calculating member, the latter regulating the heating power of the temperature-sensitive element.

En règle générale, la pleine ouverture du volet d'air sera atteinte pour une température de l'élément sensible à une température très inférieure à celle que cet élément peut atteindre en commandant la position d'ouverture minimale du papillon, position occupée au ralenti. Suivant un autre aspect encore de l'invention, le papillon est démuni de l'élément classique de butée mécanique fixant une position ajustable qu'il ne peut en aucun cas dépasser dans le sens de la fermeture. La régulation de la vitesse de ralenti à chaud interviendra alors par oscillations de très faible amplitude de la position du papillon au ralenti, cette régulation ayant une constante de temps beaucoup plus élevée que celle du système destiné à éviter le calage (cette dernière constante de temps pouvant être nettement inférieure à 1 s).As a general rule, the full opening of the air flap will be reached for a temperature of the sensitive element at a temperature much lower than that which this element can reach by controlling the minimum opening position of the throttle valve, position occupied at idle. According to yet another aspect of the invention, the butterfly is deprived of the conventional mechanical stop element fixing an adjustable position which it can in no case exceed in the direction of closing. The regulation of the hot idling speed will then intervene by very low oscillations amplitude of the throttle position at idle, this regulation having a time constant much higher than that of the system intended to avoid stalling (the latter time constant can be much less than 1 s).

Tel qu'il vient d'être défini, le dispositif de départ exécute un «programme» bien adapté au lancement d'un moteur à l'arrêt depuis plusieurs heures et dont la température est bien stabilisée. Par contre, le seul capteur de température ne permet pas de déceler l'état thermique d'un moteur qui vient de fonctionner un certain temps mais qui n'a pas atteint sa température normale de fonctionnement.As it has just been defined, the starting device executes a "program" well suited to launching an engine that has been stopped for several hours and whose temperature is well stabilized. On the other hand, the temperature sensor alone does not allow the thermal state of an engine which has been running for a certain time but which has not reached its normal operating temperature to be detected.

Par exemple, un arrêt du moteur, capot ouvert, pendant quelques minutes, peut refroidir l'élément sensible à la température au point de provoquer la fermeture du volet de départ, bien que le moteur soit encore tiède: un lancement du moteur dans ces conditions peut conduire au noyage du moteur par excès de richesse.For example, stopping the engine with the hood open for a few minutes can cool the temperature-sensitive element to the point of causing the shutter to close, even though the engine is still lukewarm: starting the engine under these conditions can lead to the flooding of the engine by excess wealth.

Dans un mode avantageux de réalisation de l'invention, on utilise la vitesse de rotation du moteur sur démarreur, avant démarrage du moteur, comme paramètre pour discriminer le programme d'enrichissement à fournir au moteur, en fonction de son état thermique.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the speed of rotation of the engine on the starter, before starting the engine, is used as a parameter for discriminating the enrichment program to be supplied to the engine, as a function of its thermal state.

En effet, la vitesse de rotation sur démarreur varie beaucoup en fonction de l'état thermique du moteur: par exemple, un moteur parfaitement froid, qui n'a pas tourné depuis plusieurs heures, aura une vitesse de rotation plus faible, généralement de l'ordre de 60 à 150 tours/minute, par suite de viscosité de l'huile de lubrification importante ou de tension plus faible de la batterie électrique, alors qu'un moteur qui vient de tourner, même s'il est loin de sa température normale de fonctionnement, aura une vitesse surdémar- reur très supérieure, de l'ordre de 180 à 250 tours/ minute.In fact, the speed of rotation on a starter varies a lot depending on the thermal state of the engine: for example, a perfectly cold engine, which has not been running for several hours, will have a lower speed of rotation, generally l '' from 60 to 150 revolutions / minute, due to high viscosity of the lubricating oil or lower voltage of the electric battery, while an engine which has just started, even if it is far from its temperature normal operating speed, will have a much higher starter speed, of the order of 180 to 250 revolutions / minute.

On peut par exemple commander un chauffage de l'élément sensible à la température dès le lancement, lorsque la vitesse sur démarreur est au moins égale à 150 tours/minute, de façon à ouvrir rapidement le volet de départ et à éviter ainsi un enrichissement excessif du mélange air/combustible fourni au moteur. Ce chauffage est interrompu à la vitesse à partir de laquelle le moteur peut tourner de lui-même, typiquement vers 350 tours/minute.It is for example possible to control a heating of the temperature-sensitive element from the start, when the speed on the starter is at least equal to 150 revolutions / minute, so as to quickly open the starting flap and thus avoid excessive enrichment of the air / fuel mixture supplied to the engine. This heating is interrupted at the speed at which the engine can turn on its own, typically around 350 rpm.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode particulier d'exécution, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels:

  • la Figure 1 est un schéma de principe montrant les liaisons fonctionnelles entre le carburateur et les composants du dispositif de départ;
  • les Figures 2 et 3 sont des courbes représentatives de lois de variation en fonction de la température de la capsule à cire qu'on peut utiliser, dans le cadre de l'invention, pour l'ouverture minimale du papillon et l'ouverture du volet;
  • la Figure 4 est une représentation cartographique de la vitesse de ralenti N imposée au moteur en fonction du nombre de tours M effectués par le moteur depuis sa mise en marche et de la température initiale (80) de la capsule à cire;
  • la Figure 5 est un organigramme montrant les fonctions de l'organe de calcul;
  • la Figure 6 montre une réalisation possible des organes mécaniques du dispositif de départ, couplant l'organe sensible à la température au volet d'air et au papillon.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the functional connections between the carburetor and the components of the starting device;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are curves representative of laws of variation as a function of the temperature of the wax capsule that can be used, in the context of the invention, for the minimum opening of the butterfly and the opening of the flap ;
  • Figure 4 is a cartographic representation of the idling speed N imposed on the engine as a function of the number of revolutions M made by the engine since it was started and the initial temperature ( 80 ) of the wax capsule;
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the functions of the computing unit;
  • Figure 6 shows a possible embodiment of the mechanical components of the starting device, coupling the temperature-sensitive component to the air flap and the butterfly.

Le carburateur dont un schéma de principe est donné en Figure 1 comprend un corps 10 en plusieurs pièces assemblées dans lequel est ménagé un conduit d'admission 12. Le système de jaillissement principal de combustible, débouchant au col d'un venturi 14 du conduit d'admission 12, est alimenté en mélange primaire riche air-combustible à partir d'une cuve à niveau constant 16 et de l'atmosphère. Des calibreurs 18 et 20 sont interposés sur les arrivées d'air et de combustible au système. Un organe d'étranglement, ou papillon, 22 est placé en aval du venturi 14 et calé sur un arbre rotatif 24 commandé par le conducteur par l'intermédiaire d'une tringlerie non représentée. Un ressort de rappel, également non représenté, sollicite le papillon dans le sens de la fermeture. En amont du venturi 14 est placé un volet d'air 26 monté sur un axe excentré 28 de façon que le débit d'air aspiré par le moteur tende à l'amener vers la position de pleine ouverture dans laquelle il est représenté.The carburetor, a schematic diagram of which is given in FIG. 1, comprises a body 10 made of several assembled parts in which an intake duct 12 is formed. The main fuel spouting system, opening at the neck of a venturi 14 of the duct d intake 12 is supplied with a rich primary air-fuel mixture from a constant level tank 16 and from the atmosphere. Calibrators 18 and 20 are interposed on the air and fuel inlets to the system. A throttle member, or butterfly, 22 is placed downstream of the venturi 14 and wedged on a rotary shaft 24 controlled by the driver by means of a linkage not shown. A return spring, also not shown, biases the butterfly in the closing direction. Upstream of the venturi 14 is placed an air flap 26 mounted on an eccentric pin 28 so that the air flow sucked by the motor tends to bring it to the fully open position in which it is shown.

Le carburateur comporte également un circuit de ralenti alimenté en mélange primaire riche air-combustible par le système de jaillissement principal. Ce circuit débouche dans le conduit d'admission 12 par un orifice de ralenti 30 placé en aval du papillon 22 et une fente de transition ou de by-pass 32 prévue pour passer progressivement d'amont en aval du papillon au fur et à mesure de l'ouverture de ce dernier. Une vis de réglage manuel 34 permet d'ajuster le débit qui traverse l'orifice 30 et donc de régler la richesse du mélange fourni au moteur lors du fonctionnement au ralenti, alors que la tranche du papillon est en aval de la fente 32.The carburetor also has an idling circuit supplied with a rich primary air-fuel mixture by the main spouting system. This circuit opens into the intake duct 12 through an idle orifice 30 placed downstream of the throttle valve 22 and a transition or by-pass slot 32 intended to pass progressively from upstream to downstream of the throttle valve as the opening of the latter. A manual adjustment screw 34 makes it possible to adjust the flow rate which passes through the orifice 30 and therefore to adjust the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine during idling operation, while the end of the butterfly is downstream of the slot 32.

Le carburateur comprend un dispositif intervenant notamment lors de la mise en marche et du départ à froid du moteur pour régler la position du volet 26 et celle du papillon 22. Ce dispositif comporte un élément sensible à la température 36, qu'on désignera par la suite parle terme usuel de «capsule à cire». Cet élément est constitué par une enceinte fermée occupée par une matière thermodilatable qui donne, à une tige 38 s'appuyant sur elle, une saillie qui augmente avec la température de l'élément. Cette température est réglable par modulation de la puissance électrique appliquée à une résistance chauffante 40 en contact thermique avec l'enceinte.The carburetor comprises a device intervening in particular during starting and cold starting of the engine to adjust the position of the flap 26 and that of the throttle valve 22. This device comprises a temperature-sensitive element 36, which will be designated by the continued by the usual term "wax capsule". This element is constituted by a closed enclosure occupied by a thermodilatable material which gives, to a rod 38 resting on it, a projection which increases with the temperature of the element. This temperature is adjustable by modulating the electric power applied to a heating resistor 40 in thermal contact with the enclosure.

La tige 38 est accouplée à un bras 42 solidaire de l'axe 24 par une liaison de butée destinée à donner au papillon une position d'ouverture minimale fonction de la position de la tige 38 et au-delà de laquelle le papillon peut être ouvert par l'action du conducteur. Une tringlerie mécanique 44, dont une constitution possible sera décrite plus loin, permet également à la capsule à cire 36 de fixer la position du volet 26 aussi longtemps qu'il n'est pas dans sa position de pleine ouverture, atteinte pour une température de la capsule à cire 36 inférieure à celle qu'elle prend lors du fonctionnement du moteur en régime normal.The rod 38 is coupled to an arm 42 integral with the axis 24 by an abutment link intended to give the butterfly a minimum open position depending on the position of the rod 38 and beyond which the butterfly can be opened by the driver's action. A mechanical linkage 44, a possible constitution of which will be described later, also allows the wax capsule 36 to fix the position of the flap 26 as long as it is not in its fully open position, reached for a temperature of the wax capsule 36 lower than that which it takes during the operation of the engine under normal conditions.

Un capteur de température 46, qui peut être constitué par une résistance à coefficient de température négatif, est associé à la capsule à cire 36 de façon à fournir un signal électrique fonction de la température de cette dernière.A temperature sensor 46, which may consist of a resistance with a negative temperature coefficient, is associated with the wax capsule 36 so as to supply an electrical signal which is a function of the temperature of the latter.

Le capteur 46 est relié, par un conducteur 48, à une des entrées d'un organe de calcul 50 qui peut comporter, de façon classique, un microprocesseur, une mémoire morte cartographique dont le rôle apparaîtra plus loin et une mémoire vive de travail. Un convertisseur analogique-numérique devra dans ce cas être prévu pour transformer le signal analogique provenant du capteur 46 en un signal numérique.The sensor 46 is connected, by a conductor 48, to one of the inputs of a calculating member 50 which may comprise, in a conventional manner, a microprocessor, a cartographic read-only memory whose role will appear below and a working RAM. An analog-digital converter must in this case be provided to transform the analog signal from the sensor 46 into a digital signal.

D'autres entrées de l'organe de calcul 50 sont reliées respectivement à un capteur fournissant un signal fonction de la vitesse N du moteur, à un ensemble capteur placé sur la boîte de vitesses et l'embrayage et fournissant un signal binaire A indiquant si le moteur est accouplé ou non, et à un capteur fournissant un signal binaire 8 indiquant si le papillon 22 est ou non proche de sa position d'ouverture minimale. Le capteur de vitesse peut être constitué par une sonde fournissant une impulsion à chaque tour du rupteur d'allumage.Other inputs of the calculation unit 50 are respectively connected to a sensor providing a signal depending on the speed N of the engine, to a sensor assembly placed on the gearbox and the clutch and providing a binary signal A indicating whether the motor is coupled or not, and to a sensor providing a binary signal 8 indicating whether or not the throttle valve 22 is close to its minimum opening position. The speed sensor can be constituted by a probe providing a pulse at each revolution of the ignition switch.

Une première sortie de l'organe de calcul 50 comporte un actionneur 52 fournissant à la résistance chauffante 40 la puissance électrique requise pour la maintenir à une température de consigne θ c déterminée suivant une loi qui sera décrite plus loin. Une seconde sortie 54 commande l'ouverture et la fermeture d'une électrovanne 56 placée sur le circuit de ralenti du carburateur, en amont de la fente 32. L'organe de calcul 50 est prévu pour fournir, sur cette sortie, un signal à modulation de largeur d'impulsion, de rapport cyclique variable, permettant de régler au ralenti la richesse du mélange fourni au moteur.A first output of the calculating member 50 comprises an actuator 52 supplying the heating resistor 40 with the electrical power required to maintain it at a set temperature θ c determined according to a law which will be described later. A second output 54 controls the opening and closing of a solenoid valve 56 placed on the idle circuit of the carburetor, upstream of the slot 32. The calculating member 50 is designed to supply, on this output, a signal to pulse width modulation, variable duty cycle, allowing the richness of the mixture supplied to the engine to be adjusted at idle.

L'ensemble constitué de la capsule 35, du bras 42 et de la tringlerie 44 sera conçu de façon à donner au papillon 22 et au volet 26 une loi d'ouverture en fonction de la température de la capsule du genre montré par les lignes en trait plein sur les Figures 2 et 3, respectivement. On voit sur la Figure 2 que l'ouverture minimale a du papillon 22 en fonction de la température, montrée par la courbe 58, correspond à une décroissance régulière en fonction de la température, depuis la température minimum à laquelle le moteur doit pouvoir démarrer (-30°C dans l'exemple illustré) jusqu'à la température maximale que peut prendre la capsule à cire 36. Au contraire, les dispositifs antérieurs utilisant une capsule à cire étaient généralement prévus pour que la position d'ouverture minimale du papillon imposée par le dispositif de départ atteigne une valeur minimale pour une température déterminée de la capsule et la conserve ensuite. Cette position d'ouverture minimale était fixée par la venue en butée du papillon contre une butée mécanique, généralement réglable. L'allure de la courbe correspondante est représentée par la courbe en tirets 58a.The assembly consisting of the capsule 35, the arm 42 and the linkage 44 will be designed so as to give the butterfly 22 and the flap 26 an opening law as a function of the temperature of the capsule of the kind shown by the lines in solid line in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. We see in Figure 2 that the minimum opening a of the throttle valve 22 as a function of the temperature, shown by the curve 58, corresponds to a regular decrease as a function of the temperature, from the minimum temperature at which the engine must be able to start ( -30 ° C in the example illustrated) up to the maximum temperature that the wax capsule can take 36. On the contrary, the prior devices using a wax capsule were generally provided so that the minimum opening position of the butterfly imposed by the starting device reaches a minimum value for a determined temperature of the capsule and then stores it. This minimum opening position was fixed by the abutment of the butterfly against a mechanical stop, generally adjustable. The shape of the corresponding curve is represented by the dashed curve 58a.

La butée mécanique sera en règle générale supprimée sur un carburateur suivant l'invention, ce qui permet de réaliser une régulation de la vitesse de ralenti par action sur la température de la capsule à cire 36. Grâce à cette régulation, il est possible d'adopter une valeur de consigne Nc de la vitesse de ralenti du moteur chaud nettement plus faible que sur les carburateurs à simple réglage manuel. Cette vitesse de ralenti Nc sera maintenue quelle que soit la charge appliquée au moteur, par exemple en cas d'augmentation de charge due à la mise en service d'un accessoire, par exemple d'un appareil de climatisation.The mechanical stop will generally be eliminated on a carburetor according to the invention, which makes it possible to regulate the idle speed by acting on the temperature of the wax capsule 36. With this regulation, it is possible to adopt a setpoint Nc of the idling speed of the hot engine significantly lower than on simple manual adjustment carburetors. This idling speed Nc will be maintained regardless of the load applied to the engine, for example in the event of an increase in load due to the commissioning of an accessory, for example an air conditioning unit.

Par ailleurs, le mélange fourni normalement au ralenti peut être réglé «pauvre», à l'aide de la vis 34 pour un rapport cyclique nominal du signal appliqué à l'électrovanne 56, correspondant à un fonctionnement permanent. Ce rapport cyclique sera temporairement modifié par l'organe de calcul 50 dans un sens tendant à augmenter la richesse en cas de baisse de régime du moteur au-dessous de Nc, avec une constante de temps courte, jusqu'au moment où l'organe de calcul, fonctionnant en boucle fermée, aura ramené le moteur à sa vitesse de ralenti de consigne par action sur la température de la capsule à cire 36. Cette régulation, à constante de temps plus longue, s'accompagne du retour au rapport cyclique de consigne pour la commande de l'électrovanne 56.Furthermore, the mixture supplied normally at idle speed can be adjusted “lean”, using the screw 34 for a nominal duty cycle of the signal applied to the solenoid valve 56, corresponding to permanent operation. This duty cycle will be temporarily modified by the calculating member 50 in a direction tending to increase the richness in the event of a drop in engine speed below Nc, with a short time constant, until the member calculation, operating in closed loop, will have brought the engine back to its set idle speed by action on the temperature of the wax capsule 36. This regulation, at a longer time constant, is accompanied by a return to the duty cycle of instruction for the control of the solenoid valve 56.

Une autre solution consiste à prévoir une électrovanne 56 fermée au repos, placée en parallèle avec un calibreur fournissant la quantité de mélange requise pour le fonctionnement au ralenti normal.Another solution consists in providing a solenoid valve 56 closed at rest, placed in parallel with a calibrator providing the quantity of mixture required for normal idling operation.

La loi de commande d'ouverture du volet d'air 26 pourra être celle représentée en Figure 3 par la ligne en trait plein 60, comparable à celle, 60a, d'un carburateur de type connu à capsule à cire. Il faut simplement remarquer que le volet d'air arrive dans sa position de pleine ouverture dès une température de la capsule à cire 36 très inférieure à la température maximale à laquelle elle peut être portée en fonctionnement, par exemple à 65°C environ dans le cas illustré sur la Figure 3.The law for controlling the opening of the air flap 26 could be that represented in FIG. 3 by the solid line 60, comparable to that, 60a, of a known type of carburetor with a wax capsule. It should simply be noted that the air flap arrives in its fully open position from a temperature of the wax capsule 36 much lower than the maximum temperature at which it can be brought into operation, for example at approximately 65 ° C. in the case illustrated in Figure 3.

La programmation de l'organe de calcul 50 sera réalisée de façon à obtenir une stratégie de démarrage par action sur le volet d'air 26 et le papillon 22 utilisant comme paramètre d'entrée essentiel la température 00 de la capsule à cire à l'instant du lancement du moteur (c'est-à-dire à la température ambiante en cas de départ à froid) et le nombre de tours M effectués par le moteur depuis le lancement (ce dernier paramètre pouvant être remplacé par le temps écoulé depuis l'instant de lancement).The programming of the calculation unit 50 will be carried out so as to obtain a start-up strategy by action on the air shutter 26 and the butterfly 22 using as essential input parameter the temperature 0 0 of the wax capsule at l time of engine launch (i.e. at room temperature in the event of a cold start) and the number of revolutions M made by the engine since launch (this last parameter can be replaced by the time elapsed since launch time).

Cette régulation de température tend:

  • - à donner à tout instant à la capsule à cire 36 une température telle que la vitesse N du moteur prenne une valeur de consigne Nc fonction de 00 et de M, lorsque le moteur tourne au ralenti,
  • - à donner à la température une valeur fonction de θα et de M dans les autres cas.
This temperature regulation tends to:
  • to give the wax capsule 36 at any time a temperature such that the speed N of the engine takes a set value Nc as a function of 0 0 and M, when the engine is idling,
  • - to give the temperature a function value of θα and M in the other cases.

La sélection entre les deux variantes du programme peut être réalisée soit par logiciel, soit par un circuit, les fonctions à remplir étant, dans les deux cas, du genre schématisé par le synoptique de la Figure 5.The selection between the two variants of the program can be carried out either by software or by a circuit, the functions to be fulfilled being, in both cases, of the kind shown schematically by the block diagram in Figure 5.

Régulation du régime de ralenti à une valeurIdle speed regulation to a value de consigne Ncsetpoint Nc

La régulation de régime s'effectue par commande tout ou rien de la puissance de chauffage appliquée à la résistance 40: si N > Nc, la puissance de chauffage est appliquée à la capsule à cire 36. Si N K Nc, aucun chauffage n'est appliqué. La valeur de consigne Nc donnée au moteur sera stockée en mémoire morte de l'organe de calcul 50 sous forme d'un tableau faisant correspondre une valeur Nc à chaque couple de plages de valeur de 90 et de M (ou de t). La partie du tableau qui suit immédiatement le lancement du moteur peut par exemple être la suivante:

Figure imgb0001
The speed regulation is carried out by all or nothing control of the heating power applied at resistance 40: if N> Nc, the heating power is applied to the wax capsule 36. If NK Nc, no heating is applied. The setpoint value Nc given to the motor will be stored in the read-only memory of the calculation unit 50 in the form of a table making a value Nc correspond to each pair of value ranges of 9 0 and M (or t). The part of the table immediately following the launch of the engine may for example be as follows:
Figure imgb0001

Au-delà de la phase initiale de lancement, l'organe de calcul réduit progressivement la vitesse de consigne Nc à partir de sa valeur initiale. Par exemple, il peut y avoir réduction de la vitesse de ralenti et de consigne chaque fois que l'organe de calcul 50 a reçu 2500 impulsions indiquant pour chacune un allumage.Beyond the initial launch phase, the calculation unit gradually reduces the setpoint speed Nc from its initial value. For example, there may be a reduction in the idling speed and the setpoint each time the calculating member 50 has received 2500 pulses indicating for each an ignition.

La progression de la vitesse de ralenti et de consigne Nc peut alors avoir l'allure montrée en Figure 4, où seules quatre vitesses de consigne (au lieu de huit) ont été montrées pour plus de simplicité. On voit qu'en cas de démarrage à très basse température le fonctionnement correspond à la zone 1, puis il y a progression dans les zones 1a, 16 pour arriver finalement dans la zone 4 qui correspond à la régulation de ralenti en régime normal.The progression of the idle speed and setpoint Nc can then have the pace shown in Figure 4, where only four setpoint speeds (instead of eight) have been shown for simplicity. It can be seen that in the event of starting at a very low temperature, the operation corresponds to zone 1, then there is progression in zones 1a, 16 to finally arrive in zone 4 which corresponds to the regulation of idling under normal conditions.

Régulation de température en régime normalTemperature regulation in normal mode

En dehors du fonctionnement au ralenti, l'organe de calcul 50 assure une régulation de température de la capsule 36 à une valeur de consigne θc qui, elle aussi, est une fonction de la température de départ, avec une progression de la température de consigne par étapes, chaque étape correspondant à un nombre de tours déterminé du moteur. Par exemple, il est possible de prévoir huit valeurs de consigne θc immédiatement après démarrage, s'étageant par exemple de 5°C à 70°C pour des plages de valeur de θα commençant à -30°C et allant jusqu'à 40°C. Il y a progression, comme dans le cas illustré en Figure 4 en ce qui concerne la vitesse de régime, chaque fois que le moteur a tourné d'un nombre de tours déterminé (par exemple au bout de 2500 allumages). Si alors la température de la capsule à cire 36 est inférieure à la température de consigne, l'organe de calcul 50 provoque l'application d'un «créneau» de chauffage, par exemple de 5 ms, représentant une quantité de chaleur déterminée, par l'actuateur 52 à chaque tour du moteur. Il n'y a pas de chauffage si θ>θc.Outside of the idling operation, the calculating member 50 regulates the temperature of the capsule 36 at a set value θc which, too, is a function of the starting temperature, with an increase in the set temperature in stages, each stage corresponding to a determined number of engine revolutions. For example, it is possible to provide eight setpoint values θc immediately after start-up, varying for example from 5 ° C to 70 ° C for ranges of value of θα starting at -30 ° C and going up to 40 ° vs. There is progression, as in the case illustrated in FIG. 4 with regard to the speed of speed, each time the engine has rotated by a determined number of revolutions (for example after 2500 ignitions). If then the temperature of the wax capsule 36 is lower than the set temperature, the calculating member 50 causes the application of a heating "slot", for example of 5 ms, representing a determined quantity of heat, by the actuator 52 at each revolution of the engine. There is no heating if θ> θc.

Il est important de noter qu'il y a évolution simultanée des valeurs de consigne de régime Nc et de température θc, bien qu'une seule consigne à la fois soit utilisée.It is important to note that there is a simultaneous evolution of the setpoint values of speed Nc and temperature θc, although only one setpoint at a time is used.

Coupure en décélérationDeceleration cutoff

L'électrovanne 56 peut également être commandée pour assurer une coupure en décélération, avec rétablissement, programmé ou non, à partir d'un ou plusieurs seuils de la vitesse N du moteur.The solenoid valve 56 can also be controlled to ensure a cut in deceleration, with recovery, programmed or not, from one or more thresholds of the speed N of the engine.

L'organe de calcul 50 peut également réaliser une coupure en décélération, en alimentant l'électrovanne 56 en permanence (rapport cyclique de 100%) lorsque tout à la fois le moteur est accouplé, l'accélérateur n'est pas actionné et la vitesse N est supérieure à un seuil Nm. L'organigramme correspondant est indiqué en tirets sur la Figure 5.The calculation unit 50 can also perform a deceleration cut-off, by supplying the solenoid valve 56 permanently (duty cycle of 100%) when at the same time the engine is coupled, the accelerator is not actuated and the speed N is greater than a threshold Nm. The corresponding flowchart is indicated in dashes in Figure 5.

EtouffoirDamper

De même, l'organe de calcul peut jouer le rôle d'étouffoir lors de la coupure d'allumage en supprimant alors le débit de mélange primaire dans le circuit de ralenti. L'électrovanne 56 est avantageusement du type ouvert au repos de façon qu'en cas de défaillance de l'alimentation électrique de l'actuateur, le conducteur ne soit pas gêné par de gros défauts de fonctionnement. L'inconvénient habituel d'une telle disposition, à savoir le risque d'auto- allumage lors de la coupure du contact électrique, est écarté en incorporant une temporisation à l'organe de calcul afin qu'il maintienne fermée l'électrovanne pendant quelques secondes après la coupure.Likewise, the calculating member can play the role of damper during the ignition cut-off, then suppressing the flow of primary mixture in the idle circuit. The solenoid valve 56 is advantageously of the type open at rest so that in the event of a failure of the electrical supply to the actuator, the conductor is not hampered by major operating faults. The usual drawback of such an arrangement, namely the risk of self-ignition when the electrical contact is cut off, is eliminated by incorporating a time delay in the calculating member so that it keeps the solenoid valve closed for a few seconds after switching off.

DénoyageDewatering

L'organe de calcul peut également être prévu pour assurer une fonction de dénoyage, en cas de lancement avorté. Pour éviter une impossibilité de démarrer par excès de richesse, il est nécessaire d'ouvrir le volet de départ après une tentative infructueuse de mise en marche. Ce résultat peut être obtenu en faisant remplir à l'organe de calcul 50 une fonction supplémentaire de chauffage électrique de la capsule à cire 36 lorsque les trois conditions suivantes sont réunies:

  • - contact de papillon fournissant un signal B indiquant l'ouverture,
  • - vitesse du moteur comprise entre 0 et 350 t/mn (indiquant que le moteur est entraîné par le démarreur),
  • - fonctionnement dans l'une des zones 1 à 6 définies dans le tableau ci-dessus, zones dans lesquelles le volet est normalement fermé (ou partiellement fermé).
The calculation unit can also be provided to provide a dewatering function, in the event of an aborted launch. To avoid an impossibility of starting by excess wealth, it is necessary to open the starting flap after an unsuccessful start-up attempt. This result can be obtained by having the calculating member 50 perform an additional function of electric heating of the wax capsule 36 when the following three conditions are met:
  • - throttle contact providing a signal B indicating the opening,
  • - motor speed between 0 and 350 rpm (indicating that the motor is driven by the starter),
  • - operation in one of zones 1 to 6 defined in the table above, zones in which the shutter is normally closed (or partially closed).

La tringlerie mécanique 44 peut avoir diverses constitutions, et notamment celle montrée en Figure 6 où les ressorts de rappel ne sont pas montrés, pour plus de simplicité.The mechanical linkage 44 can have various constitutions, and in particular that shown in Figure 6 where the return springs are not shown, for simplicity.

Les ressorts de rappel, destinés notamment à repousser le papillon et le volet 26 vers leur position de fermeture, peuvent être du genre décrit dans le document FR-A-2 257 790 auquel on pourra se reporter.The return springs, intended in particular to push the butterfly and the flap 26 towards their closed position, may be of the type described in document FR-A-2 257 790 to which reference may be made.

La majeure partie de la tringlerie est placée dans un boîtier 60 fixé au corps 10 du carburateur par des moyens non représentés, tels que des vis. L'enceinte de la capsule à cire 36 est fixée à la paroi du boîtier 60 et sa tige 38 fait saillie à l'intérieur. Cette tige porte un pion emprisonné dans une fourchette appartenant à un levier coudé 62 présentant un bras inférieur 64 terminé par une came 66 formant butée pour le doigt 42 (non représenté) solidaire de l'axe 24 du papillon 22. Un second bras 68 est également terminé par une came pouvant entrer en butée avec un pion 70 solidaire d'une plaquette 72 fixée à l'axe 28 du volet et formant levier. La came présente deux surfaces consécutives, l'une, 74, prévue pour déplacer le volet 26 dans le sens de l'ouverture par appui sur le pion 70, l'autre, 76, constituée par une arête circulaire centrée sur l'axe 78 du levier coudé, destinée à maintenir le volet dans sa position de pleine ouverture lorsque la température de la capsule 36 est supérieure à une valeur déterminée (65°C dans le cas illustré en Figure 3).Most of the linkage is placed in a housing 60 fixed to the body 10 of the carburetor by means not shown, such as screws. The enclosure of the wax capsule 36 is fixed to the wall of the housing 60 and its rod 38 projects inside. This rod carries a pin trapped in a fork belonging to a bent lever 62 having a lower arm 64 terminated by a cam 66 forming a stop for the finger 42 (not shown) secured to the axis 24 of the butterfly 22. A second arm 68 is also completed by a cam which can come into abutment with a pin 70 secured to a plate 72 fixed to the axis 28 of the shutter and forming a lever. The cam has two consecutive surfaces, one, 74, designed to move the flap 26 in the opening direction by pressing on the pin 70, the other, 76, constituted by a circular edge centered on the axis 78 of the angled lever, intended to maintain the flap in its fully open position when the temperature of the capsule 36 is greater than a determined value (65 ° C. in the case illustrated in FIG. 3).

Le dispositif de départ comporte encore des moyens sensibles à la dépression qui règne en aval du papillon 22 pour imposer au volet d'air une ouverture déterminée dès les premières explosions du moteur. Ces moyens sont constitués par une membrane 80 placée dans un boîtier 82 et soumise, sur une face, à la pression régnant dans le conduit d'admission 12 en aval du papillon (amenée par une canalisation non représentée) et, sur l'autre, à la pression atmosphérique. La membrane 80 est reliée à une tige 83 dont l'extrémité recourbée 84 présente une liaison unidirectionnelle avec l'une des extrémités d'un levier 86 articulé sur un axe 88 porté par le levier 62. L'autre extrémité du levier 86 constitue, pour le pion 70 du levier de commande 72, une butée qui assure une ouverture minimum du volet 26 lorsque s'établit une dépression en aval du papillon 22. Un ressort 91 agissant en sens inverse des forces de pression exercées sur la membrane 80 tend à ramener la tige 82 dans la position de repos illustrée en Figure 1 en traits pleins.The starting device also includes means sensitive to the vacuum prevailing downstream of the butterfly 22 to impose on the air flap a determined opening from the first engine explosions. These means consist of a membrane 80 placed in a housing 82 and subjected, on one side, to the pressure prevailing in the intake duct 12 downstream of the butterfly valve (brought by a pipe not shown) and, on the other, at atmospheric pressure. The membrane 80 is connected to a rod 83 whose curved end 84 has a unidirectional connection with one of the ends of a lever 86 articulated on an axis 88 carried by the lever 62. The other end of the lever 86 constitutes, for the pin 70 of the control lever 72, a stop which ensures a minimum opening of the flap 26 when a vacuum is established downstream of the butterfly valve. A spring 91 acting in the opposite direction to the pressure forces exerted on the membrane 80 tends to return the rod 82 to the rest position illustrated in Figure 1 in solid lines.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de décrire ici le rôle et le fonctionnement des moyens sensibles à la dépression, ces moyens étant classiques.It is not necessary to describe here the role and the functioning of the means sensitive to depression, these means being conventional.

La tringlerie 44 montrée en Figure 6 est prévue pour présenter une hystérésis qui facilite le redémarrage du moteur chaud au cours des premières dizaines de minutes qui suivent l'arrêt en tenant compte de ce que l'inertie thermique du moteur est beaucoup plus importante que celle du carburateur et que, de plus, la température normale de l'eau de refroidissement du moteur (80 à 100°C) est très supérieure à celle du carburateur (20 à 40°C). Après arrêt du moteur, la capsule à cire 36 se refroidit rapidement alors que le moteur est chaud, et provoque donc une fermeture progressive du volet. Mais cette fermeture est inutile, et même souvent nuisible, lorsqu'on relance le moteur au bout de quelques minutes ou même quelques dizaines de minutes. En effet, le moteur est suffisamment chaud pour n'avoir pas besoin d'un enrichissement. La tringlerie de la Figure 6 comprend des moyens permettant de maintenir le volet en position de pleine ouverture, lors du refroidissement, jusqu'à une température plus basse que celle qui correspond à l'ouverture complète lors du chauffage. Sur la Figure 3, cette hystérésis correspond à la courbe indiquée en tirets, indiquant un maintien de la pleine ouverture jusqu'à 35°C environ, puis une retombée sur la courbe normale de variation de l'ouverture en fonction de la température.The linkage 44 shown in Figure 6 is intended to present a hysteresis which facilitates the restarting of the hot engine during the first tens of minutes after stopping, taking into account that the thermal inertia of the engine is much greater than that of the carburetor and that, moreover, the normal temperature of the engine cooling water (80 to 100 ° C) is much higher than that of the carburetor (20 to 40 ° C). After stopping the engine, the wax capsule 36 cools down quickly while the engine is hot, and therefore causes the shutter to close gradually. But this closure is useless, and even often harmful, when the engine is restarted after a few minutes or even a few tens of minutes. Indeed, the engine is hot enough not to need enrichment. The linkage of Figure 6 includes means for maintaining the flap in the fully open position, upon cooling, to a temperature lower than that which corresponds to complete opening during heating. In FIG. 3, this hysteresis corresponds to the curve indicated in dashes, indicating that the full opening is maintained up to approximately 35 ° C., then a fall back on the normal curve of variation of the opening as a function of the temperature.

Dans la tringlerie 44 montrée en Figure 6, ce résultat est obtenu en munissant le levier 28 d'un doigt 89 qui vient s'accrocher, lorsque le volet atteint sa position de pleine ouverture, à un cran 90 en saillie, prévu sur le boîtier 60. Lors du refroidissement, cet accrochage se maintient jusqu'au moment où il y a déverrouillage forcé par appui d'un ergot de commande 92 porté par le levier 62 sur un bossage 94 du levier 72.In the linkage 44 shown in FIG. 6, this result is obtained by providing the lever 28 with a finger 89 which hooks, when the shutter reaches its fully open position, to a protruding notch 90, provided on the housing. 60. During cooling, this attachment is maintained until there is forced unlocking by pressing a control lug 92 carried by the lever 62 on a boss 94 of the lever 72.

Le dispositif peut dans ce cas être complété par des moyens (circuit bistable dont les entrées sont relieés à deux comparateurs à seuils respectifs de 150 tours/minute et 350 tours/minute par exemple) qui provoquent dans tous les cas un chauffage dès lancement du moteur si la vitesse sur démarreur dépasse 150 tours/minute.The device can in this case be supplemented by means (bistable circuit whose inputs are connected to two comparators with respective thresholds of 150 revolutions / minute and 350 revolutions / minute for example) which in all cases cause heating as soon as the engine is started if the starter speed exceeds 150 rpm.

L'invention ne se limite évidemment pas au mode particulier d'exécution qui a été représenté et décrit à titre d'exemple et, au surplus, l'organe de calcul peut remplir des fonctions s'ajoutant à celles qui ont été décrites ou se substituant à elles.The invention is obviously not limited to the particular mode of execution which has been shown and described by way of example and, moreover, the calculating member can fulfill functions in addition to those which have been described or substituting for them.

Claims (8)

1. Carburettor for an internal combustion engine comprising, for normal operation of the engine, a main fuel jetting system which opens into the induction passage (12) upstream of a driver-operated throttle member (22) or throttle and - for starting and cold running of the engine - an automatic starting device which comprises a starting flap (26) located in the induction passage upstream of the opening of the main fuel jetting system and a temperature responsive element (36) in which a material contained in a closed enclosure is subjected to volume variation responsive to temperature, which controls the position of the starting flap (26) and the minimum opening position of the throttle (22), characterized in that the temperature responsive element (36) is provided with a heating resistor (40) and with a temperature sensor (46), the starting device further comprising a computation unit (50) having inputs connected to the temperature sensor and to sensors which deliver signals (A, B, N) representing the operating conditions of the engine and an output (52) controlling an electrical power applied to the heating resistor, the computation unit being arranged for controlling the electric power applied to said heating resistor (40) and for maintaining a degree of opening of the throttle (22) and air flap (26) which depends on the temperature of the temperature responsive element upon cranking of the engine into operation and on the number of revolutions of the engine from start or from the time elapsed since start.
2. Carburettor according to claim 1, characterized in that, said carburettor having a idling circuit provided with a primary air feed, with a fuel feed and with a primary mixture output opening into the induction passage and fitted with a manual adjustment element, which is adjusted for setting a idling speed of the engine which is lower than that which would be necessary without regulation, the idling circuit is provided with an electrically actuated valve (56) which is controlled by the computation unit (50) responsive to decrease of the engine speed under a predetermined threshold for increasing the fuel/air ratio of the mixture delivered to the engine and avoiding stoppage.
3. Carburettor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is arranged for carrying out speed regulation by modulating the heating power applied to the temperature responsive element.
4. Carburettor according to claim 3, characterized in that the throttle is devoid of mechanical stop, said regulation of the idling speed when the engine is warm being effected by low amplitude oscillations of the idling position of the throttle.
5. Carburettor according to claim 1, characterized in that the computation unit is arranged to set a set value (Nc) of the idling speed of the engine at any moment and a set value (θc) of the temperature (9) of the temperature responsive element at any moment and to regulate said temperature for maintaining the set value (Nc) when the engine is cold and idling and the set value (θc) under the other operating conditions.
6. Carburettor according to claim 5, characterized in that the set values (θc and Nc) are generated responsive to the starting temperature (eo) of the responsive element.
7. Carburettor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the flap opening control has a hysteresis which delays closing of the flap from its fully opened position until the temperature of the responsive element (36) has returned to a predetermined value corresponding to a partial degree of opening.
8. Carburettor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by additional means for supplying the heating resistor (40) as soon as the engine has been cranked into operation when the engine speed exceeds a predetermined threshold.
EP85401595A 1984-08-03 1985-08-05 Carbureter with an automatic choking device Expired EP0170595B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8412350 1984-08-03
FR8412350A FR2568631B1 (en) 1984-08-03 1984-08-03 CARBURETOR WITH AUTOMATIC STARTING DEVICE

Publications (2)

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EP0170595A1 EP0170595A1 (en) 1986-02-05
EP0170595B1 true EP0170595B1 (en) 1988-05-11

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EP85401595A Expired EP0170595B1 (en) 1984-08-03 1985-08-05 Carbureter with an automatic choking device

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US (1) US4662333A (en)
EP (1) EP0170595B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6158960A (en)
BR (1) BR8503666A (en)
DE (1) DE3562648D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8607479A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2568631B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
FR2568631B1 (en) 1987-01-16
DE3562648D1 (en) 1988-06-16
US4662333A (en) 1987-05-05
JPS6158960A (en) 1986-03-26
FR2568631A1 (en) 1986-02-07
ES8607479A1 (en) 1986-06-16
BR8503666A (en) 1986-05-06
EP0170595A1 (en) 1986-02-05
ES545790A0 (en) 1986-06-16

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