EP0167989A2 - Adiabatic heating and cooling method and portable devices according to the adsorption principle - Google Patents
Adiabatic heating and cooling method and portable devices according to the adsorption principle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0167989A2 EP0167989A2 EP85108308A EP85108308A EP0167989A2 EP 0167989 A2 EP0167989 A2 EP 0167989A2 EP 85108308 A EP85108308 A EP 85108308A EP 85108308 A EP85108308 A EP 85108308A EP 0167989 A2 EP0167989 A2 EP 0167989A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- water
- heat
- filling
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015122 lemonade Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000723377 Coffea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001572165 Coffea benghalensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D5/00—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
- F25D5/02—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
- F25D2400/28—Quick cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods and portable devices for changing the temperature according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Methods and transportable devices for the generation of cold and heat according to the sorption principle are known.
- a more volatile working fluid is sorbed in vapor form by a less volatile sorbent.
- Usable cold arises during the evaporation of the working medium, while usable heat of sorption is also released during sorption in the sorbent.
- Shut-off devices in the steam room prevent sorption outside of operation. By opening the shut-off devices, the generation of cold or heat is initiated. To reactivate the devices, the sorbent is heated and the desorbed working fluid is condensed while releasing heat.
- Devices according to this method either allow heating or cooling of goods, for example food or beverages.
- sorbent pairings are diverse. Only a few material pairings have a sufficiently broad solution field, the thermodynamic basic requirement for a sufficient temperature gap between evaporation and sorption. Furthermore, they should be easily regenerable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and stable. The environmental compatibility must be given especially with disposable devices. Accidental contact with food must not lead to any danger. Portable devices should be lightweight. Container walls must therefore be thin. High working fluid vapor pressures are therefore inappropriate. The reaction kinetics must take place sufficiently quickly. So far, no sorbent pairing could be specified that meets these requirements.
- the object of the invention is to show methods and portable cooling and heating devices with which a short-term and effective cooling and / or heating of goods is possible without heat or mass exchange with the surroundings of the device.
- the object is achieved in that a method is used in processes based on the sorption principle, which draws its heat of vaporization from the heat of solidification of the non-evaporating amount of working fluid and that a sorbent is used which can store the heat of sorption released in the form of specific heat in the sorbent itself.
- Water and zeolite are located in the evacuated cooling and heating device in two containers, which are separated by a shut-off device. When the shut-off device is opened, water vapor flows into the zeolite filling and is adsorbed with rapid heat release. Further water evaporates from the water filling with cooling and subsequent icing of the remaining water filling.
- the zeolite filling can adsorb water vapor until its rising temperature under the vapor pressure of the ice is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the amount of water already adsorbed.
- the heat of adsorption can thus be stored adiabatically in the form of specific heat of the zeolite filling, the amount of water adsorbed and the container material.
- 100 g of zeolite Na-X have e.g. B. in the equilibrium state at a temperature of 140 ° C and a water vapor pressure of 600 hPa 7.5 g of water.
- approx. 42 g of water can be cooled from 25 ° C to 0 ° C and completely frozen. This evaporation process is also completely adiabatic. Cold and heat can be provided at the same time without heat exchange with the environment.
- the zeolite-water compound fulfills all requirements for an optimal pair of adsorbents.
- the unusually broad loading field also allows high temperature differences to be achieved with relatively small amounts of zeolite.
- Zeolites are edible and inexpensive to synthesize. The adsorption process is insensitive to position and vibration, a change in volume is not observed.
- the zeolite types Na-A, Mg-A, Ca-A, Na-X, Na-Y and H-Y show no decomposition even with frequent reactivation.
- the type H-Y is also pH neutral in aqueous solution. Contamination of the water filling in ice makers thus has no influence on the enjoyment of the ice produced.
- Synthetic zeolites are commercially available in powder and granule forms.
- Powdered zeolites can be processed with binders to give moldings which are adapted to the cooling and heating devices. Specially designed moldings can, for example, stiffen the container walls and thus allow simpler container designs or the saving of container materials. When using water as a working medium, there is also no need for complex pressure vessels.
- zeolites In the adiabatic adsorption process, zeolites sometimes heat up from room temperature to over 160 ° C. However, temperatures around 80 ° C are sufficient for many heating tasks. At low temperatures, zeolites can adsorb more water. If additional heat storage masses are coupled to the zeolite filling with good thermal conductivity, some of the heat of adsorption can be transferred to them. Since the temperatures in the zeolite filling are thus lower, more water vapor can be adsorbed and more sorption heat can be provided. Liquids such as e.g. B. coffee, tea, soups, which can be removed from the device when hot, advantageous. For disposable devices for ice making Small, gas-tight sealed water capsules are suitable, for example, which, evenly distributed in the zeolite filling, can absorb part of the sorption heat and thereby reduce the amount of zeolite required.
- the enthalpy of evaporation can sometimes be other substances such.
- B. drinks are withdrawn.
- the container with the drink is coupled to the water container with good thermal conductivity.
- the ice formed during the adsorption process is edible. Since zeolites are also edible, there is no danger for the user even if handled improperly.
- the reaction rate of the pair of substances is so high that in suitable devices the water filling solidifies to ice in a few seconds and can be removed from the device. Refilling with fresh water and reactivating the zeolite filling is possible, but it is not practical due to the low material value. As a rule, such devices for ice production can be implemented as one-way systems. Water fillings that are too large only partially freeze or are not cooled down to freezing point. Are other substances added to the water filling, e.g. B. lemonades, fruit juices, alcohols, ice cream mixes etc., the fillings can be served strongly chilled or frozen after opening the cooling device.
- shut-off devices are advantageously designed as steam valves. Smaller water valves are sufficient for one-way systems. These water valves must be designed in such a way that, after opening, the entire water filling can flow out of the water tank into the zeolite tank.
- the zeolite filling must be arranged inside the zeolite container so that it does not come into contact with the incoming water. Particularly thick layers of ice can be produced by the water flowing slowly into the zeolite container running onto frozen ice layers and freezing in the process.
- the water container is designed as a drinking vessel. After opening the disposable system, the ice can remain in the drinking vessel and the drinks to be cooled can be poured over it.
- the drinking vessel takes over the function of the shut-off device. For this purpose, the vessel is pressed against a surface of the zeolite container using a special mechanism in such a way that the vessel opening is closed.
- All cooling and heating devices must be evacuated during manufacture.
- the zeolite filling is heated to a temperature between 250 and 700 ° C by a heat source.
- the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite emerges from the zeolite container through a small, closable evacuation opening and entrains the trapped air. In this way, the use of special vacuum pumps can be dispensed with.
- the water tank is evacuated separately or simultaneously at the same time. With simultaneous evacuation, the containers are to be arranged so that the water filling in the water container is brought to a boil by the overheating heat of the escaping water vapor or by the radiant heat from the hot zeolite filling, and the z. B. on the shut-off flowing steam removed non-condensable gases from the water tank.
- FIG. 1 a combined cooling and heating plate is shown in section.
- a water container (11) is connected to a zeolite container (13) which contains a zeolite filling (14) via a magnetically actuated shut-off device (12).
- An absorbent material (16) fixes the water filling (15) on the right side of the container.
- the plate with the water tank (11) is set up and the magnet acting shut-off device (12) opened.
- the water filling (14) evaporates partially and solidifies.
- the zeolite filling (14) adsorbs the water vapor and stores the heat of adsorption released in the form of sensible heat.
- the plate is placed with the zeolite container upwards.
- the zeolite container side can be placed on a hot stove.
- the shut-off device (12) allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (14) to flow into the water container (11) even in the closed state. The heat of condensation is released into the environment.
- FIG 2 shows a cooling and heating rod, which works on the same principle as the cooling and heating plate in Figure 1.
- the water tank (21) for heating the zeolite tank (23) is immersed in a liquid and the solenoid valve (22) open.
- the zeolite filling (24) in the zeolite container (23) is heated to about 250 ° C and the escaping water vapor condenses on the water container wall (21).
- the absorbent material (26) distributes the condensate evenly.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the form of a combined cooling and heating bag.
- the sectional figure shows an insulation box (37) and a cooling and heating device according to the invention in the lid (38).
- the lid (38) is designed as a reversible lid, so that depending on the intended use, the cooling water tank (31) or the heating zeolite tank (33) point into the interior of the insulation box (37).
- the cooling or heating mode is also initiated or interrupted here by actuating the shut-off device (32).
- a thermostatically controlled heating device (39) is attached to the outer surface of the zeolite container. So that for safety reasons the reactivation of the zeolite filling (34) is not possible when the bag is closed, the power supply cable and the associated operating switch are attached in such a way that it cannot be regenerated when the bag is closed.
- FIG4a shows a cooling device for beverages before start-up.
- the water tank (41a) is separated from the zeolite tank (43a) by a vapor-tight membrane (42).
- a cavity for the beverage (47a) to be cooled is located in a recess in the water container (41a).
- a support ring (48) is removed at the junction of the containers. The outside air pressure then presses both sides of the container together.
- the vapor-tight membrane (42) is cut by a cutting knife (49). The path for water vapor is now clear. The cooling effect starts immediately.
- Figure 4b shows a heating device for beverages after commissioning according to the same principle.
- the beverage (47b) to be heated is located here in the depression of the zeolite container (43b).
- the steam-tight membrane (42) has already been cut through by the cutting knife and entrained by the water vapor flow into the zeolite container (43b).
- the water filling (45) has solidified to ice, the zeolite filling (44) is hot.
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional and a top view drawing of a further cooling and heating device according to the invention.
- Zeolite containers (53) and water containers (51) have the shape of a double jacket with cup-shaped depressions (54a) and (57b) for the direct absorption of liquids or vessels such as beverage cans.
- the zeolite container (53) is surrounded by a heatable sleeve (59) for reactivating the zeolite filling (54).
- a leak-free shut-off device (52) prevents the adsorption of water vapor from the water filling (55) in the zeolite filling (54) in the closed state, but allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (54) to flow back unhindered into the water container (51).
- An absorbent material (56) ensures an even distribution of the water filling (55) in the water tank (51).
- the cooling and heating device can either be used for cooling or heating only or for simultaneous cooling and heating. In all operating modes it is irrelevant whether the other cup-shaped depression (57a) or (57b) is filled or is empty.
- FIG 6 shows a portable device before and after the adsorption reaction to produce edible ice or to cool liquids.
- the water filling (65) is in the cup-shaped water container (61).
- the water tank (61) and the zeolite filling (64) are arranged inside the zeolite tank (63).
- the zeolite filling (64) consists of a solid zeolite molding which stiffens the wall of the zeolite container. Additional heat storage elements (66) are embedded in the molding. For example, they consist of water-filled metal capsules.
- the cup-shaped water container (61) is pressed by a release device (68) with its opening against a sealing ring (67) in the lid of the zeolite container (63).
- the required air pressure is provided by the external air pressure, which bulges the bottom and lid of the zeolite container (63) slightly inwards.
- the water filling (65) in the water tank (61) can be mixed with other substances, for. B. dairy products or lemonade raw materials.
- the bottom of the zeolite container is mechanically deformed via a tab until the release device (68) yields to the pressure of the water vapor in the water container (61) and separates the container from the sealing ring (67). This clears the way for the water vapor to fill the zeolite (64).
- the water filling (65) is frozen to ice and the zeolite filling (64) is hot.
- the lid of the zeolite container (63) is removed and the ice filling including the water container (61) is removed.
- FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a device for ice production before and after the adsorption reaction.
- the zeolite container (73) contains both the zeolite filling (74) and the water container (71) with the water filling (75).
- a plug device (78) projects through the bottom of the container (77) into the flexible water container (71). To make ice, this plug device (78) is used to pierce an opening in the lower shell of the water container (71). The water filling (75) then empties into the zeolite-free part of the zeolite container (73) and freezes to ice in a few seconds.
- the zeolite filling (74) passes on part of the heat of adsorption released to the heat storage mass in the container (77). After ice formation has taken place, the lower part of the zeolite container (73) is separated from the remaining part of the device together with the ice filling.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung beschreibt Verfahren und tragbare Kühl- und Heizvorrichtungen nach dem Adsorptionsprinzip mit dem Adsorptionsstoffpaar Zeolith-Wasser. Die Vorrichtungen arbeiten ohne Stoff- und Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung, indem die Verdampfungswärme aus der Erstarrungswärme einer nicht verdampfenden Wassermenge stammt und die freigesetzte Adsorptionswärme in Form fühlbarer Wärme der Zeolithfüllung gespeichert wird. Das beim Adsorptionsvorrichtung erzeugte Eis ist für den menschlichen Genußgeeignet.The invention describes methods and portable cooling and heating devices according to the adsorption principle with the pair of adsorbents zeolite-water. The devices work without material and heat exchange with the environment in that the heat of vaporization comes from the heat of solidification of a non-evaporating amount of water and the heat of adsorption is stored in the form of sensible heat of the zeolite filling. The ice produced by the adsorption device is suitable for human consumption.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und tragbare Vorrichtungen zur Temperaturänderung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to methods and portable devices for changing the temperature according to the preamble of
Bekannt sind Verfahren und transportable Vorrichtungen zur Kälte- und Wärmeerzeugung nach dem Sorptionsprinzip. Ein leichterflüchtiges Arbeitsmittel wird dampfförmig von einem schwererflüchtigen Sorptionsmittel sorbiert. Bei der Verdampfung des Arbeitsmittels entsteht nutzbare Kälte, während bei der Sorption im Sorptionsmittel ebenfalls nutzbare Sorptionswärme freigesetzt wird. Absperreinrichtungen im Dampfraum verhindern außerhalb des Betriebes die Sorption. Durch öffnen der Absperreinrichtungen wird die Kälte- bzw. Wärmeerzeugung eingeleitet. Zur Reaktivierung der Vorrichtungen wird das Sorptionsmittel erhitzt und das desorbierte Arbeitsmittel unter Wärmeabgabe kondensiert. Vorrichtungen nach diesem Verfahren erlauben entweder die Beheizung oder die Kühlung von Waren, beispielsweise von Lebensmitteln oder Getränken.Methods and transportable devices for the generation of cold and heat according to the sorption principle are known. A more volatile working fluid is sorbed in vapor form by a less volatile sorbent. Usable cold arises during the evaporation of the working medium, while usable heat of sorption is also released during sorption in the sorbent. Shut-off devices in the steam room prevent sorption outside of operation. By opening the shut-off devices, the generation of cold or heat is initiated. To reactivate the devices, the sorbent is heated and the desorbed working fluid is condensed while releasing heat. Devices according to this method either allow heating or cooling of goods, for example food or beverages.
Alle Vorrichtungen sind dabei auf einen Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung angewiesen. Soll beispielsweise mit der freigesetzten Sorptionswärme eine Ware erwärmt werden, muß die Verdampfungswärme für das Arbeitsmittel gleichzeitig aus der Umgebung aufgenommen werden. Wenn im umgekehrten Fall die Ware gekühlt werden soll, muß die Sorptionswärme an die Umgebung abgeführt werden. Für diesen Wärmeaustausch sind aufwendige Wärmetauscher vorzusehen, die die tragbaren Systeme schwer, teuer und wegen geringer Wärmeübergangszahlen träge machen. Einweg-Vorrichtungen, die nur für die einmalige Anwendung geeignet sind, werden dadurch unwirtschaftlich. Adiabatische Verfahren ohne Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung sind mit den bekannten Sorptionsstoffpaaren nicht möglich.All devices rely on heat exchange with the environment. For example, with the free set sorption heat a product is heated, the heat of vaporization for the working fluid must be absorbed from the environment at the same time. Conversely, if the goods are to be cooled, the heat of sorption must be dissipated to the environment. For this heat exchange, complex heat exchangers are to be provided, which make the portable systems heavy, expensive and sluggish because of their low heat transfer rates. Disposable devices that are only suitable for one-time use are therefore uneconomical. Adiabatic processes without heat exchange with the environment are not possible with the known sorbent pairs.
Die Anforderungen an die Sorptionsstoffpaarungen sind vielfältig. Nur wenige Stoffpaarungen besitzen ein ausreichend breites Lösungsfeld, die thermodynamische Grundvoraussetzung für einen ausreichenden Temperaturabstand zwischen Verdampfung und Sorption. Des weiteren sollten sie leicht regenerierbar, nicht korrosiv, ungiftig und stabil sein. Die Umweltverträglichkeit muß besonders bei Einweg-Vorrichtungen gegeben sein. Ein unbeabsichtigter Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln darf zu keiner Gefährdung führen. Tragbare Vorrichtungen sollen leicht gebaut sein. Behälterwände müssen daher dünn ausführbar sein. Hohe Arbeitsmitteldampfdrücke sind deshalb unzweckmäßig. Die Reaktionskinetik muß ausreichend rasch ablaufen. Bisher konnte keine Sorptionsstoffpaarung angegeben werden, die diese Voraussetzungen erfüllt.The requirements for sorbent pairings are diverse. Only a few material pairings have a sufficiently broad solution field, the thermodynamic basic requirement for a sufficient temperature gap between evaporation and sorption. Furthermore, they should be easily regenerable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and stable. The environmental compatibility must be given especially with disposable devices. Accidental contact with food must not lead to any danger. Portable devices should be lightweight. Container walls must therefore be thin. High working fluid vapor pressures are therefore inappropriate. The reaction kinetics must take place sufficiently quickly. So far, no sorbent pairing could be specified that meets these requirements.
Die Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, Verfahren und tragbare Kühl-und Heizvorrichtungen aufzuzeigen, mit denen eine kurzfristige und effektive Kühlung und/oder Heizung von Waren möglich ist, ohne daß hierzu mit der Umgebung der Vorrichtung ein Wärme- oder Stoffaustausch erfolgt.The object of the invention is to show methods and portable cooling and heating devices with which a short-term and effective cooling and / or heating of goods is possible without heat or mass exchange with the surroundings of the device.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in Verfahren nach dem Sorptionsprinzip ein Arbeitsmittel verwandt wird, das seine Verdampfungswärme aus der Erstarrungswärme der nicht verdampfenden Arbeitsmittelmenge bezieht und daß ein Sorptionsmittel verwandt wird, das die freiwerdende Sorptionswärme in Form spezifischer Wärme im Sorptionsmittel selbst speichern kann.The object is achieved in that a method is used in processes based on the sorption principle, which draws its heat of vaporization from the heat of solidification of the non-evaporating amount of working fluid and that a sorbent is used which can store the heat of sorption released in the form of specific heat in the sorbent itself.
Möglich ist dies durch die Verwendung von Wasser als Arbeitsmittel und von Zeolith als Sorptionsmittel. Wasser und Zeolith befinden sich innerhalb der evakuierten Kühl-und Heizvorrichtung in zwei Behältern, die durch eine Absperreinrichtung getrennt sind. Bei öffnen der Absperreinrichtung strömt Wasserdampf in die Zeolithfüllung und wird unter rascher Wärmefreisetzung adsorbiert. Von der Wasserfüllung verdampft weiteres Wasser unter Abkühlung und anschließender Vereisung der verbliebenen Wasserfüllung. Die Zeolithfüllung kann solange Wasserdampf adsorbieren, bis seine steigende Temperatur unter dem Dampfdruck des Eises im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht mit der bereits adsorbierten Wassermenge ist. Die Adsorptionswärme ist somit in Form spezifischer Wärme der Zeolithfüllung, der adsorbierten Wassermenge und des Behältersmaterials adiabatisch speicherbar. 100 g Zeolith Na-X haben z. B. im Gleichgewichtszustand bei einer Temperatur von 140°C und einem Wasserdampfdruck von 600 hPa 7,5 g Wasser adsorbiert. Mit der erzeugten Verdampfungs- bzw. Sublimationskälte lassen sich ca. 42 g Wasser von 25°C auf 0°C abkühlen und vollständig gefrieren. Auch dieser Verdampfungsvorgang verläuft völlig adiabatisch. Ohne Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung kann also Kälte und Wärme gleichzeitig bereitgestellt werden.This is possible through the use of water as a working fluid and zeolite as a sorbent. Water and zeolite are located in the evacuated cooling and heating device in two containers, which are separated by a shut-off device. When the shut-off device is opened, water vapor flows into the zeolite filling and is adsorbed with rapid heat release. Further water evaporates from the water filling with cooling and subsequent icing of the remaining water filling. The zeolite filling can adsorb water vapor until its rising temperature under the vapor pressure of the ice is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the amount of water already adsorbed. The heat of adsorption can thus be stored adiabatically in the form of specific heat of the zeolite filling, the amount of water adsorbed and the container material. 100 g of zeolite Na-X have e.g. B. in the equilibrium state at a temperature of 140 ° C and a water vapor pressure of 600 hPa 7.5 g of water. With the evaporation or sublimation cold generated, approx. 42 g of water can be cooled from 25 ° C to 0 ° C and completely frozen. This evaporation process is also completely adiabatic. Cold and heat can be provided at the same time without heat exchange with the environment.
Die Verbindung Zeolith-Wasser erfüllt alle Forderungen an ein optimales Adsorptionsstoffpaar. Das ungewöhnlich breitgefächerte Beladungsfeld erlaubt auch hohe Temperaturdifferenzen mit relativ geringen Zeolithmengen zu erzielen. Zeolithe sind eßbar und billig zu synthetisieren. Der Adsorptionsvorgang ist lage- und erschütterungsunempfindlich, eine Volumenänderung wird nicht beobachtet. Die Zeolithtypen Na-A, Mg-A, Ca-A, Na-X, Na-Y und H-Y zeigen auch bei oftmaliger Reaktivierung keine Zersetzung. Der Typ H-Y ist auch in wässriger Lösung pH-neutral. Eine Verunreinigung der Wasserfüllung bei Eiserzeugern bleibt dadurch ohne Einfluß auf die Genußfähigkeit des erzeugten Eises. Synthetische Zeolithe sind in Pulver- und Granulatformen im Handel. Pulverförmige Zeolithe können mit Bindemitteln zu Formlingen verarbeitet werden, die den Kühl- und Heizvorrichtungen angepaßt sind. Speziell ausgestaltete Formlinge können zum Beispiel die Behälterwände versteifen und damit einfachere Behälterkonstruktionen oder die Einsparung von Behälterwerkstoffen gestatten. Bei der Verwendung von Wasser als Arbeitsmittel kann überdies auf aufwendige Überdruckbehälter verzichtet werden.The zeolite-water compound fulfills all requirements for an optimal pair of adsorbents. The unusually broad loading field also allows high temperature differences to be achieved with relatively small amounts of zeolite. Zeolites are edible and inexpensive to synthesize. The adsorption process is insensitive to position and vibration, a change in volume is not observed. The zeolite types Na-A, Mg-A, Ca-A, Na-X, Na-Y and H-Y show no decomposition even with frequent reactivation. The type H-Y is also pH neutral in aqueous solution. Contamination of the water filling in ice makers thus has no influence on the enjoyment of the ice produced. Synthetic zeolites are commercially available in powder and granule forms. Powdered zeolites can be processed with binders to give moldings which are adapted to the cooling and heating devices. Specially designed moldings can, for example, stiffen the container walls and thus allow simpler container designs or the saving of container materials. When using water as a working medium, there is also no need for complex pressure vessels.
Beim adiabatischen Adsorptionsvorgang erhitzen sich Zeolithe von Raumtemperatur teilweise auf über 160°C. Für viele Heizaufgaben reichen jedoch bereits Temperaturen um 80°C. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen können Zeolithe mehr Wasser adsorbieren. Wenn an die Zeolithfüllung zusätzliche Wärmespeichermassen gut wärmeleitend angekoppelt sind, kann ein Teil der Adsorptionswärme auf diese übergehen. Da die Temperaturen in der Zeolithfüllung damit niedriger sind, kann weiterer Wasserdampf adsorbiert und mehr Sorptionswärme bereitgestellt werden. Als zusätzliche Wärmespeichermassen sind Flüssigkeiten wie z. B. Kaffee, Tee, Suppen, die im heißen Zustand aus der Vorrichtung entnommen werden können, vorteilhaft. Für Einweg-Vorrichtungen zur Eiserzeugung eignen sich beispielsweise kleine, gasdicht verschlossene Wasserkapseln, die, in der Zeolithfüllung gleichmäßig verteilt, einen Teil der Sorptionswärme aufnehmen können und dadurch die erforderliche Zeolithmenge reduzieren.In the adiabatic adsorption process, zeolites sometimes heat up from room temperature to over 160 ° C. However, temperatures around 80 ° C are sufficient for many heating tasks. At low temperatures, zeolites can adsorb more water. If additional heat storage masses are coupled to the zeolite filling with good thermal conductivity, some of the heat of adsorption can be transferred to them. Since the temperatures in the zeolite filling are thus lower, more water vapor can be adsorbed and more sorption heat can be provided. Liquids such as e.g. B. coffee, tea, soups, which can be removed from the device when hot, advantageous. For disposable devices for ice making Small, gas-tight sealed water capsules are suitable, for example, which, evenly distributed in the zeolite filling, can absorb part of the sorption heat and thereby reduce the amount of zeolite required.
Auch die Verdampfungsenthalpie kann teilweise anderen Stoffen, z. B. Getränken, entzogen werden. Der Behälter mit dem Getränk wird hierzu gut wärmeleitend an den Wasserbehälter gekoppelt.The enthalpy of evaporation can sometimes be other substances such. B. drinks are withdrawn. For this purpose, the container with the drink is coupled to the water container with good thermal conductivity.
Das beim Adsorptionsprozeß entstehende Eis ist eßbar. Da Zeolithe ebenfalls genießbar sind, besteht auch bei unsachgemäßer Handhabung keine Gefahr für den Anwender. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit des Stoffpaares ist so hoch, daß in geeigneten Vorrichtungen die Wasserfüllung in wenigen Sekunden zu Eis erstarrt und aus der Vorrichtung entnommen werden kann. Eine Wiederfüllung mit frischem Wasser und eine Reaktivierung der Zeolithfüllung ist zwar möglich, aber auf Grund des geringen Materialwertes unzweckmäßig. In der Regel sind derartige Vorrichtungen zur Eiserzeugung als Einweg-Systeme ausführbar. Zu groß dimensionierte Wasserfüllungen gefrieren nur teilweise oder werden gar nicht bis auf den Gefrierpunkt abgekühlt. Sind der Wasserfüllung weitere Substanzen beigemischt, z. B. Limonadenstoffe, Fruchtsäfte, Alkohole, speiseeismischungen etc., können nach öffnen der Kühlvorrichtung die Füllungen stark gekühlt oder gefroren serviert werden.The ice formed during the adsorption process is edible. Since zeolites are also edible, there is no danger for the user even if handled improperly. The reaction rate of the pair of substances is so high that in suitable devices the water filling solidifies to ice in a few seconds and can be removed from the device. Refilling with fresh water and reactivating the zeolite filling is possible, but it is not practical due to the low material value. As a rule, such devices for ice production can be implemented as one-way systems. Water fillings that are too large only partially freeze or are not cooled down to freezing point. Are other substances added to the water filling, e.g. B. lemonades, fruit juices, alcohols, ice cream mixes etc., the fillings can be served strongly chilled or frozen after opening the cooling device.
Für Kühl- und Heizvorrichtungen, die zur Reaktivierung der Zeolithfüllung konstruiert sind, sind die Absperrvorrichrichtungen vorteilhaft als Dampfventile ausgeführt. Bei Einweg-Systemen sind kleinere Wasserventile ausreichend. Diese Wasserventile müssen so beschaffen sein, daß sie nach der öffnung die gesamte Wasserfüllung aus dem Wasserbehälter in den Zeolithbehälter abströmen lassen.For cooling and heating devices that are designed to reactivate the zeolite filling, the shut-off devices are advantageously designed as steam valves. Smaller water valves are sufficient for one-way systems. These water valves must be designed in such a way that, after opening, the entire water filling can flow out of the water tank into the zeolite tank.
Die Zeolithfüllung ist innerhalb des Zeolithbehälters so anzuordnen, daß sie nicht mit dem einlaufenden Wasser in Berührung kommt. Besonders dicke Eisschichten lassen sich dadurch erzeugen, daß das langsam in den Zeolithbehälter nachströmende Wasser auf bereits gefrorene Eisschichten aufläuft und dabei gefriert.The zeolite filling must be arranged inside the zeolite container so that it does not come into contact with the incoming water. Particularly thick layers of ice can be produced by the water flowing slowly into the zeolite container running onto frozen ice layers and freezing in the process.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Wasserbehälter als Trinkgefäß ausgebildet. Nach öffnen des Einweg-Systems kann das Eis im Trinkgefäß verbleiben und mit den zu kühlenden Getränken übergossen werden. In einer weitergehenden Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung übernimmt das Trinkgefäß die Funktion der Absperreinrichtung. Das Gefäß wird hierzu mit einem besonderen Mechanismus so an eine Fläche des Zeolithbehälters gepreßt, daß die Gefäßöffnung verschlossen wird.In a special embodiment of the invention, the water container is designed as a drinking vessel. After opening the disposable system, the ice can remain in the drinking vessel and the drinks to be cooled can be poured over it. In a further embodiment of the device, the drinking vessel takes over the function of the shut-off device. For this purpose, the vessel is pressed against a surface of the zeolite container using a special mechanism in such a way that the vessel opening is closed.
Alle Kühl- und Heizvorrichtungen müssen bei der Herstellung evakuiert werden. Die Zeolithfüllung wird hierzu durch eine Wärmequelle auf eine Temperatur zwischen 250 und 700°C aufgeheizt. Der aus dem Zeolith desorbierte Wasserdampf tritt über eine kleine, verschließbare Evakuieröffnung aus dem Zeolithbehälter aus und reißt dabei die eingeschlossene Luft mit. Auf den Einsatz spezieller Vakuumpumpen kann auf diese Weise verzichtet werden. Der Wasserbehälter wird in analoger Weise separat oder auch gleichzeitig evakuiert. Bei gleichzeitiger Evakuierung sind die Behälter so anzuordnen, daß durch die Uberhitzungswärme des ausströmenden Wasserdampfes bzw. durch die Strahlungswärme von der heißen Zeolithfüllung die Wasserfüllung im Wasserbehälter zum Kochen gebracht wird, und der z. B. über die Absperreinrichtung abströmende Dampf nicht kondensierbare Gase aus dem Wasserbehälter entfernt. Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschrieben.All cooling and heating devices must be evacuated during manufacture. The zeolite filling is heated to a temperature between 250 and 700 ° C by a heat source. The water vapor desorbed from the zeolite emerges from the zeolite container through a small, closable evacuation opening and entrains the trapped air. In this way, the use of special vacuum pumps can be dispensed with. The water tank is evacuated separately or simultaneously at the same time. With simultaneous evacuation, the containers are to be arranged so that the water filling in the water container is brought to a boil by the overheating heat of the escaping water vapor or by the radiant heat from the hot zeolite filling, and the z. B. on the shut-off flowing steam removed non-condensable gases from the water tank. Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and described in more detail below.
Es zeigen
- F i g . 1 eine kombinierte Kühl- und Heizplatte,
- F i g . 2 einen kombinierten Kühl- und Heizstab,
- F i g . 3 eine kombinierte Kühl- und Heiztasche mit integrierter Reaktivierungseinrichtung,
- F i g . 4a eine Kühlvorrichtung für Getränke,
- F i g . 4b eine Heizvorrichtung für Getränke,
- F i g . 5 eine kombinierte Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung für Gefäße und Flüssigkeiten,
- F i g . 6 eine Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Eis mit einer Absperreinrichtung für Wasserdampf,
- F i g . 7 eine Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Eis mit einer Absperreinrichtung für Wasser.
- Fig. 1 a combined cooling and heating plate,
- Fig. 2 a combined cooling and heating element,
- Fig. 3 a combined cooling and heating bag with an integrated reactivation device,
- Fig. 4a a cooling device for beverages,
- Fig. 4b a heating device for beverages,
- Fig. 5 a combined cooling and heating device for vessels and liquids,
- Fig. 6 shows a cooling and heating device for producing ice with a shut-off device for water vapor,
- Fig. 7 shows a cooling and heating device for producing ice with a shut-off device for water.
In Figur1 ist eine kombinierte Kühl- und Heizplatte im Schnitt dargestellt. Ein Wasserbehälter (11) ist über eine magnetisch betätigbare Absperreinrichtung (12) an einen Zeolithbehälter (13), der eine Zeolithfüllung (14) enthält, angeschlossen. Ein saugfähiges Material (16) fixiert die Wasserfüllung (15) auf der richtigen Behälterseite. Zum Zwecke der Kühlung wird die Platte mit dem Wasserbehälter (11) nach oben aufgestellt und die magnetisch wirkende Absperreinrichtung (12) geöffnet. Die Wasserfüllung (14) verdampft teilweise und erstarrt. Die Zeolithfüllung (14) adsorbiert den Wasserdampf und speichert die freigesetzte Adsorptionswärme in Form von fühlbarer Wärme. Zum Zwecke der Erwärmung bzw. Warmhaltung von Gegenständen wird die Platte mit dem Zeolithbehälter nach oben aufgestellt. Zum Reaktivieren kann die Platte beispielsweise mit der Zeolithbehälterseite auf eine heiße Herdplatte gestellt werden. Die Absperreinrichtung (12) läßt hierbei auch im geschlossenen Zustand den von der Zeolithfüllung (14) desorbierten Wasserdampf in den Wasserbehälter (11) strömen. Die Kondensationswärme wird an die Umgebung abgegeben.In Figure 1, a combined cooling and heating plate is shown in section. A water container (11) is connected to a zeolite container (13) which contains a zeolite filling (14) via a magnetically actuated shut-off device (12). An absorbent material (16) fixes the water filling (15) on the right side of the container. For the purpose of cooling, the plate with the water tank (11) is set up and the magnet acting shut-off device (12) opened. The water filling (14) evaporates partially and solidifies. The zeolite filling (14) adsorbs the water vapor and stores the heat of adsorption released in the form of sensible heat. For the purpose of heating or keeping objects warm, the plate is placed with the zeolite container upwards. To reactivate the plate, for example, the zeolite container side can be placed on a hot stove. The shut-off device (12) allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (14) to flow into the water container (11) even in the closed state. The heat of condensation is released into the environment.
Figur2 zeigt einen Kühl- und Heizstab, der nach dem gleichen Prinzip funktioniert wie die Kühl- und Heizplatte in Figur 1. Zur Kühlung wird der Wasserbehälter (21), zur Erwärmung der Zeolithbehälter (23) in eine Flüssigkeit getaucht und das Magnetventil (22) geöffnet. Zur Reaktivierung wird die Zeolithfüllung (24) im Zeolithbehälter (23) auf etwa 250°C erhitzt und der entweichende Wasserdampf an der Wasserbehälterwand (21) kondensiert. Das saugfähige Material (26) verteilt das Kondensat gleichmäßig.Figure 2 shows a cooling and heating rod, which works on the same principle as the cooling and heating plate in Figure 1. For cooling, the water tank (21), for heating the zeolite tank (23) is immersed in a liquid and the solenoid valve (22) open. To reactivate the zeolite filling (24) in the zeolite container (23) is heated to about 250 ° C and the escaping water vapor condenses on the water container wall (21). The absorbent material (26) distributes the condensate evenly.
Die Figur3 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in Form einer kombinierten Kühl- und Heiztasche. Die Schnittfigur zeigt eine Isolationsbox (37) und eine erfindungsgemäße Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung im Deckel (38). Der Deckel (38) ist als Wendedeckel ausgebildet, so daß je nach Verwendungszweck der kühlende Wasserbehälter (31) oder der heizende Zeolithbehälter (33) in den Innenraum der Isolationsbox (37) zeigen. Der Kühl- bzw. Heizbetrieb wird auch hier durch Betätigung der Absperreinrichtung (32) eingeleitet bzw. unterbrochen. Zur Reaktivierung der Zeolithfüllung (34)ist auf der Außenfläche des Zeolithbehälters eine thermostatisch geregelte Heizeinrichtung (39) angebracht. Damit aus Sicherheitsgründen die Reaktivierung der Zeolithfüllung (34) nicht bei geschlossener Tasche möglich ist, sind das Stromzuführungskabel und der zugehörige Betriebsschalter so angebracht, daß bei geschlossener Tasche nicht regeneriert werden kann.FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the form of a combined cooling and heating bag. The sectional figure shows an insulation box (37) and a cooling and heating device according to the invention in the lid (38). The lid (38) is designed as a reversible lid, so that depending on the intended use, the cooling water tank (31) or the heating zeolite tank (33) point into the interior of the insulation box (37). The cooling or heating mode is also initiated or interrupted here by actuating the shut-off device (32). To reactivate the zeolite filling (34), a thermostatically controlled heating device (39) is attached to the outer surface of the zeolite container. So that for safety reasons the reactivation of the zeolite filling (34) is not possible when the bag is closed, the power supply cable and the associated operating switch are attached in such a way that it cannot be regenerated when the bag is closed.
Figur4a zeigt eine Kühlvorrichtung für Getränke vor Inbetriebnahme. Der Wasserbehälter (41a) ist vom Zeolithbehälter (43a) durch eine dampfdichte Membran (42) getrennt. In einer Vertiefung des Wasserbehälters (41a) befindet sich ein Hohlraum für das zu kühlende Getränk (47a). Zur Einleitung der Kühlwirkung wird ein Stützring (48) an der Verbindungsstelle der Behälter entfernt. Der äußere Luftdruck drückt daraufhin beide Behälterseiten zusammen. Die dampfdichte Membran (42) wird dabei von einem Schneidmesser (49) durchtrennt. Der Weg für den Wasserdampf ist nun frei. Die Kühlwirkung beginnt augenblicklich.Figure4a shows a cooling device for beverages before start-up. The water tank (41a) is separated from the zeolite tank (43a) by a vapor-tight membrane (42). A cavity for the beverage (47a) to be cooled is located in a recess in the water container (41a). To initiate the cooling effect, a support ring (48) is removed at the junction of the containers. The outside air pressure then presses both sides of the container together. The vapor-tight membrane (42) is cut by a cutting knife (49). The path for water vapor is now clear. The cooling effect starts immediately.
Figur4b zeigt nach dem gleichem Prinzip eine Heizvorrichtung für Getränke nach Inbetriebnahme. Das zu erwärmende Getränk (47b) befindet sich hier in der Vertiefung des Zeolithbehälters(43b). Die dampfdichte Membran (42) ist von dem Schneidmesser bereits durchtrennt und von der Wasserdampfströmung in den Zeolithbehälter (43b) mitgerissen worden. Die Wasserfüllung (45) ist zu Eis erstarrt, die Zeolithfüllung (44) heiß.Figure 4b shows a heating device for beverages after commissioning according to the same principle. The beverage (47b) to be heated is located here in the depression of the zeolite container (43b). The steam-tight membrane (42) has already been cut through by the cutting knife and entrained by the water vapor flow into the zeolite container (43b). The water filling (45) has solidified to ice, the zeolite filling (44) is hot.
Figur5 zeigt eine Schnitt- und eine Aufsichtzeichnung von einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung. Zeolithbehälter (53) und Wasserbehälter(51) besitzen die Form eines Doppelmantels mit becherförmigen Vertiefungen (54a) und(57b) für die direkte Aufnahme von Flüssigkeiten oder Gefäßen wie beispielsweise Getränkedosen.FIG. 5 shows a sectional and a top view drawing of a further cooling and heating device according to the invention. Zeolite containers (53) and water containers (51) have the shape of a double jacket with cup-shaped depressions (54a) and (57b) for the direct absorption of liquids or vessels such as beverage cans.
Der Zeolithbehälter (53) ist von einer heizbaren Manschette (59) zur Reaktivierung der Zeolithfüllung (54) umgeben. Eine leckagefreie Absperreinrichtung (52) verhindert im geschlossenen Zustand die Adsorptions von Wasserdampf aus der Wasserfüllung (55) in der Zeolithfüllung (54), läßt jedoch den aus der Zeolithfüllung (54) desorbierten Wasserdampf in den Wasserbehälter (51) unbehindert zurückströmen. Ein saugfähiges Material (56) sorgt für eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Wasserfüllung (55) im Wasserbehälter (51). Die Kühl- und Heizvorrichtung kann entweder nur zur Kühlung oder Erwärmung oder zur gleichzeitigen Kühlung und Erwärmung benutzt werden. In allen Betriebsarten ist es unerheblich, ob die jeweils andere becherförmige Vertiefung (57a) oder (57b) gefüllt ist oder leer steht.The zeolite container (53) is surrounded by a heatable sleeve (59) for reactivating the zeolite filling (54). A leak-free shut-off device (52) prevents the adsorption of water vapor from the water filling (55) in the zeolite filling (54) in the closed state, but allows the water vapor desorbed from the zeolite filling (54) to flow back unhindered into the water container (51). An absorbent material (56) ensures an even distribution of the water filling (55) in the water tank (51). The cooling and heating device can either be used for cooling or heating only or for simultaneous cooling and heating. In all operating modes it is irrelevant whether the other cup-shaped depression (57a) or (57b) is filled or is empty.
Figur6 zeigt eine tragbare Vorrichtung vor und nach der Adsorptionsreaktion zur Erzeugung von genußfähigem Eis oder zur Kühlung von Flüssigkeiten. Die Wasserfüllung (65) befindet sich im becherförmigen Wasserbehälter (61). Der Wasserbehälter (61) und die Zeolithfüllung (64) sind innerhalb des Zeolithbehälters (63) angeordnet. Die Zeolithfüllung (64) besteht aus einem festen Zeolithformling, der die Zeolithbehälterwand versteift. In den Formling eingebettet sind zusätzliche Wärmespejcherelemente (66). Sie bestehen beispielsweise aus wassergefüllten Metallkapseln. Der becherförmige Wasserbehälter (61) wird von einer Auslöseeinrichtung (68) mit seiner öffnung gegen einen Dichtungsring (67) im Deckel des Zeolithbehälters (63) gepreßt. Für den notwendigen Preßdruck sorgt der äußere Luftdruck, der Boden und Deckel des Zeolithbehälters (63) leicht nach innen wölbt. Der Wasserfüllung (65) im Wasserbehälter (61) können weitere Stoffe beigemischt sein, z. B. Milchprodukte oder Limonadengrundstoffe. Um die Adsorptionsreaktion in Gang zu setzen, wird der Boden des Zeolithbehälters über eine Lasche soweit mechanisch verformt, bis die Auslöseeinrichtung (68) dem Druck des Wasserdampfes im Wasserbehälter (61) nachgibt und den Behälter vom Dichtring (67) abtrennt. Damit ist der Weg für den Wasserdampf zur Zeolithfüllung (64) frei. Innerhalb weniger Sekunden ist die Wasserfüllung (65) zu Eis gefroren und die Zeolithfüllung (64) heiß. Der Deckel des Zeolithbehälters (63) wird entfernt und die Eisfüllung einschließlich des Wasserbehälters (61) entnommen.Figure 6 shows a portable device before and after the adsorption reaction to produce edible ice or to cool liquids. The water filling (65) is in the cup-shaped water container (61). The water tank (61) and the zeolite filling (64) are arranged inside the zeolite tank (63). The zeolite filling (64) consists of a solid zeolite molding which stiffens the wall of the zeolite container. Additional heat storage elements (66) are embedded in the molding. For example, they consist of water-filled metal capsules. The cup-shaped water container (61) is pressed by a release device (68) with its opening against a sealing ring (67) in the lid of the zeolite container (63). The required air pressure is provided by the external air pressure, which bulges the bottom and lid of the zeolite container (63) slightly inwards. The water filling (65) in the water tank (61) can be mixed with other substances, for. B. dairy products or lemonade raw materials. To get the adsorption reaction going set, the bottom of the zeolite container is mechanically deformed via a tab until the release device (68) yields to the pressure of the water vapor in the water container (61) and separates the container from the sealing ring (67). This clears the way for the water vapor to fill the zeolite (64). Within a few seconds, the water filling (65) is frozen to ice and the zeolite filling (64) is hot. The lid of the zeolite container (63) is removed and the ice filling including the water container (61) is removed.
Figur 7 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer Vorrichtung zur Eiserzeugung vor und nach der Adsorptionsreaktion. Der Zeolithbehälter (73) enthält sowohl die Zeolithfüllung (74) als auch den Wasserbehälter (71) mit der Wasserfüllung (75). In die Zeolithfüllung (74) reicht ein weiterer Behälter (77), der eine Wärmespeichermasse, beispielsweise Wasser, Kaffee, etc. enthält. Durch den Boden des Behälters (77) ragt eine Steckeinrichtung (78) in den flexiblen Wasserbehälter (71). Zur Eiserzeugung wird mit dieser Steckeinrichtung (78) eine öffnung in die untere Hülle des Wasserbehälters (71) gestochen. Die Wasserfüllung (75) entleert sich daraufhin in den zeolithfreien Teil des Zeolithbehälters (73) und gefriert in wenigen Sekunden zu Eis. Die Zeolithfüllung (74) leitet einen Teil der freigewordenen Adsorptionswärme an die Wärmespeichermasse im Behälter (77) weiter. Nach erfolgter Eisbildung wird der untere Teil des Zeolithbehälters (73) zusammen mit der Eisfüllung vom restlichen Teil der Vorrichtung abgetrennt.FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a device for ice production before and after the adsorption reaction. The zeolite container (73) contains both the zeolite filling (74) and the water container (71) with the water filling (75). Another container (77), which contains a heat storage mass, for example water, coffee, etc., extends into the zeolite filling (74). A plug device (78) projects through the bottom of the container (77) into the flexible water container (71). To make ice, this plug device (78) is used to pierce an opening in the lower shell of the water container (71). The water filling (75) then empties into the zeolite-free part of the zeolite container (73) and freezes to ice in a few seconds. The zeolite filling (74) passes on part of the heat of adsorption released to the heat storage mass in the container (77). After ice formation has taken place, the lower part of the zeolite container (73) is separated from the remaining part of the device together with the ice filling.
Claims (10)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85108308T ATE61657T1 (en) | 1984-07-10 | 1985-07-05 | ADIABATIC HEATING AND COOLING PROCESSES AND PORTABLE DEVICES ACCORDING TO THE ADSORPTION PRINCIPLE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3425419A DE3425419C2 (en) | 1984-07-10 | 1984-07-10 | Adiabatic heating and cooling devices based on the adsorption principle |
DE3425419 | 1984-07-10 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0167989A2 true EP0167989A2 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
EP0167989A3 EP0167989A3 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
EP0167989B1 EP0167989B1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
Family
ID=6240293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85108308A Expired - Lifetime EP0167989B1 (en) | 1984-07-10 | 1985-07-05 | Adiabatic heating and cooling method and portable devices according to the adsorption principle |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4752310A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0167989B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS61153342A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE61657T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3425419C2 (en) |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0404805A1 (en) * | 1988-03-17 | 1991-01-02 | International Thermal Packaging, Inc. | Apparatus and method for simultaneously heating and cooling separate zones |
EP0404805A4 (en) * | 1988-03-17 | 1991-11-06 | International Thermal Packaging, Inc. | Apparatus and method for simultaneously heating and cooling separate zones |
EP0505381A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1992-09-30 | International Thermal Packaging, Inc. | Cooling device with improved waste-heat handling capability |
EP0505381A4 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1993-05-19 | International Thermal Packaging, Inc. | Cooling device with improved waste-heat handling capability |
EP0439819A2 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-07 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Device for making ice by sorption |
EP0439819A3 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-02-26 | Zeo-Tech Zeolith Technologie Gmbh | Device for making ice by sorption |
DE4119507A1 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-17 | Coleman Deutschland Gmbh | Camping box with two inserts in lid - each comprising two compartments contg. zeolite and water, respectively |
EP0527466A1 (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1993-02-17 | ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH | Sorption process for cooling and/or heating |
FR2696533A1 (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1994-04-08 | Blaizat Claude | Portable heating or cooling appts. acting on drink - uses closed tube with divider that can be opened and closed to allow chemical reaction that generates heat or cools |
EP1361402A3 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-19 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cool box |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE8420664U1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
JPS61153342A (en) | 1986-07-12 |
EP0167989A3 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
US4752310A (en) | 1988-06-21 |
DE3425419C2 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
EP0167989B1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
DE3425419A1 (en) | 1986-01-23 |
ATE61657T1 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
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