EP0165161B1 - Procédé et installation de congélation de sols au moyen d'un liquide cryogénique - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de congélation de sols au moyen d'un liquide cryogénique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165161B1
EP0165161B1 EP85401054A EP85401054A EP0165161B1 EP 0165161 B1 EP0165161 B1 EP 0165161B1 EP 85401054 A EP85401054 A EP 85401054A EP 85401054 A EP85401054 A EP 85401054A EP 0165161 B1 EP0165161 B1 EP 0165161B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
probe
temperature
injection
cryogenic liquid
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0165161A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Karinthi
Maurice Gardent
Colette Regnier
Jean Tuccella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to AT85401054T priority Critical patent/ATE36181T1/de
Publication of EP0165161A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165161A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0165161B1 publication Critical patent/EP0165161B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E02D19/14—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by freezing the soil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technique of freezing soils by injecting a cryogenic liquid, in particular liquid nitrogen, into at least one freezing probe embedded in the soil and comprising a central passage and an annular passage.
  • a cryogenic liquid in particular liquid nitrogen
  • the invention aims to make the process more economical by ensuring more homogeneous cooling of the soil.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for freezing soil by injecting a cryogenic liquid, in particular liquid nitrogen, into at least one freezing probe embedded in the soil and comprising a central passage and an annular passage , characterized in that the injection of the cryogenic liquid is regulated so as to maintain the temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probe, over the entire length of the latter, above a predetermined limit value, this limit value being at least 35 ° C above the boiling point of the cryogenic liquid, and alternating between periods of injection of the cryogenic liquid into the central passage and periods of injection of the cryogenic liquid into the annular passage.
  • a cryogenic liquid in particular liquid nitrogen
  • the temperature difference between the wall of the probe and the cryogenic liquid is sufficient to permanently cause the curing of the cryogenic liquid in contact with this wall.
  • heat exchange between the liquid and the wall of the probe always takes place via a gaseous heat-transfer layer. This avoids the excessive transfer of cold to the wall that would cause the frank liquid-wall contact if the temperature of the wall of the probe dropped too close to the boiling point of the liquid.
  • said limit value is preferably between -140 ° C and -160 Q C approximately.
  • the invention also relates to a ground freezing installation intended for the implementation of a method as defined above.
  • This installation of the type comprising at least one freezing probe comprising a central passage and an annular passage, and means for injecting into this probe a cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen, is characterized in that the probe comprises at least one temperature sensor on its outer wall, in the vicinity of each of its ends, and in that said injection means are suitable for injecting the cryogenic liquid either in the central passage or in the annular passage of the probe.
  • the freezing installation shown in FIG. 1 essentially comprises a tank 1 for storing liquid nitrogen and a series of freezing probes 2, only one of which has been shown and which are all identical.
  • the probe 2 assumed to be driven vertically into the ground, comprises three concentric tubes 3 to 5.
  • the outer tube 3 is closed at its lower end by a bottom 6 and defines with this latter the heat exchange surface of the probe with the ground surrounding 7.
  • the intermediate 4 and inner 5 tubes extend from the upper orifice of the probe to a short distance from the bottom 6, and they are connected at this location by a horizontal annular wall 8.
  • the valves 14, 15, 19 and 20 are provided with a simultaneous actuation device with two positions (not shown). In one position, the valves 14 and 20 are open while the valves 15 and 19 are closed; the other position reverses the state of the four valves.
  • the valve 16 makes it possible to interrupt and restore the flow of liquid nitrogen.
  • the probe 2 On the outer face of the outer tube 3, the probe 2 carries three temperature sensors 21, constituted for example by thermocouples, which are adapted to measure the temperature of the ground in the immediate vicinity of the probe, at depths of 2 m, 10 m and 18 m respectively (temperatures T 2 , T 10 and T 18 respectively). There is also a temperature sensor connected to each of the lines 17 and 18 and adapted to measure the temperature T G of the nitrogen gas leaving the probe.
  • the installation comprises a series of probes 2 arranged along a line which defines the frozen wall to be produced. All the probes which are connected in parallel to the tank 1 in the manner described above, each probe comprising its own set of valves 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20.
  • Each probe has an outside diameter of 150 mm and is composed of three concentric tubes 3 to 5 with respective diameters 150, 128 and 68 mm.
  • the central annular space between the 128 mm tube 4 and the 68 mm tube 5 is filled with perlite.
  • the diameters are chosen so that the free cross section of the central passage 9 and that of the outer annular passage 11 are equal.
  • Freezing begins with the injection of liquid nitrogen into the central tubes 5.
  • the temperatures in the vicinity of the probes are all initially of the order of 14 ° C.
  • the nitrogen vaporizes, yielding cold to the ground and rising through the outer annular passage.
  • the liquid nitrogen flow rate D per probe is the maximum flow rate of 15 l / min (ie 750 l / min for the fifty probes), adjusted by means of the valves 16.
  • the temperature of the nitrogen gas leaving the probe drops during the first hour from -10 ° C to -70 ° C. Meanwhile, the outside temperatures reach -140 ° C at 18 m, -100 ° C at 10 m and -62 ° C at 2 m deep. As the transient cooling phenomena are still felt, the injection of liquid nitrogen is continued with the same flow rate for an additional 10 mm, during which the temperature of nitrogen gas outlet reaches -78 ° C and the outside temperature at 18 m reaches -145 ° C.
  • This alternation of injections and stops is continued by reducing the flow rate as long as the temperature of the gases drops below -70 ° C.
  • the flow rate is kept constant when this temperature stabilizes in a range of -68 ° C to -72 ° C it is increased if this temperature rises above -68 ° C, and decreased if it drops below -72 ° C.
  • the flow rate is then fixed at 8 I / min.
  • the gas initially comes out very cold at -120 ° C; it is a transient regime which comes from the passage of nitrogen against the current of the soil temperature.
  • the gas outlet temperature rises to -70 ° C and the external temperatures are: -100 ° C to 2m, -100 ° C to 10m, -65 ° C to 18m; 20 min later, the external temperature at 2 m is at -145 ° C and the gas comes out at -75 ° C.
  • the nitrogen flow is cut off, and it is restored to 7 l / min when the temperature at 2 m rises to -138 ° C., which occurs after about 5 min.
  • the regulation thus defined is continued by reversing the flow rates every 5 hours.
  • the soil is consolidated by freezing to a thickness of 1 m in around 50 hours, with very satisfactory temperature uniformity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP85401054A 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Procédé et installation de congélation de sols au moyen d'un liquide cryogénique Expired EP0165161B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401054T ATE36181T1 (de) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gefrieren von boeden mittels einer kryofluessigkeit.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408647 1984-06-01
FR8408647A FR2565274B1 (fr) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 Procede et installation de congelation de sols au moyen d'un liquide cryogenique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0165161A1 EP0165161A1 (fr) 1985-12-18
EP0165161B1 true EP0165161B1 (fr) 1988-08-03

Family

ID=9304632

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401054A Expired EP0165161B1 (fr) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Procédé et installation de congélation de sols au moyen d'un liquide cryogénique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4676694A (es)
EP (1) EP0165161B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS6117625A (es)
AT (1) ATE36181T1 (es)
CA (1) CA1269852A (es)
DE (1) DE3564142D1 (es)
ES (1) ES8608086A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2565274B1 (es)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2578060B1 (fr) * 1985-02-28 1987-03-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'amelioration du couplage avec le sol de sources sismiques terrestres
US4998848A (en) * 1989-03-27 1991-03-12 R. G. Hansen & Associates Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants
US5066166A (en) * 1989-03-27 1991-11-19 R. G. Hansen & Associates Apparatus for removing ground contaminants
US5050386A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-09-24 Rkk, Limited Method and apparatus for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
AT396881B (de) * 1990-08-17 1993-12-27 Proterra Umwelttechnik Verfahren zum behandeln von material, wie abfall-, deponiematerial, kontaminiertem erdreich od. dgl.
US5667339A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-09-16 University Of Washington Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminataed earth
CN103669376B (zh) * 2013-11-19 2015-07-08 河南化工职业学院 非稳态温度场人工冻土帷幕的设计方法
JP6756512B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2020-09-16 清水建設株式会社 凍結工法の凍結膨張圧算出方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH279859A (fr) * 1947-06-23 1951-12-31 Daxelhofer Jean Pierre Procédé de congélation de terrains et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.
US3220470A (en) * 1962-10-08 1965-11-30 Joseph C Balch Soil refrigerating system
GB959945A (en) * 1963-04-18 1964-06-03 Conch Int Methane Ltd Constructing a frozen wall within the ground
FR2041356A5 (en) * 1969-04-22 1971-01-29 Air Liquide Refrigeration probes for sols
CA957854A (en) * 1970-11-16 1974-11-19 Union Carbide Canada Limited Ground freezing method and apparatus
US4403459A (en) * 1981-01-27 1983-09-13 Atlantic Richfield Co. Benchmark for use in arctic regions
DE3112291A1 (de) * 1981-03-27 1982-10-07 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden "vorrichtung zum bodengefrieren"

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4676694A (en) 1987-06-30
ATE36181T1 (de) 1988-08-15
FR2565274B1 (fr) 1986-10-17
ES8608086A1 (es) 1986-06-01
ES543739A0 (es) 1986-06-01
EP0165161A1 (fr) 1985-12-18
DE3564142D1 (en) 1988-09-08
FR2565274A1 (fr) 1985-12-06
JPS6117625A (ja) 1986-01-25
CA1269852A (fr) 1990-06-05

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