EP0163479A2 - Surveillance du souterrain - Google Patents

Surveillance du souterrain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0163479A2
EP0163479A2 EP85303580A EP85303580A EP0163479A2 EP 0163479 A2 EP0163479 A2 EP 0163479A2 EP 85303580 A EP85303580 A EP 85303580A EP 85303580 A EP85303580 A EP 85303580A EP 0163479 A2 EP0163479 A2 EP 0163479A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
cable bolt
receiving members
strand
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85303580A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0163479A3 (en
EP0163479B1 (fr
Inventor
Warwick Hutchins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HELIX CABLES INTERNATIONAL Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
HELIX CABLES INTERNATIONAL Pty Ltd
Rock Engineering Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HELIX CABLES INTERNATIONAL Pty Ltd, Rock Engineering Pty Ltd filed Critical HELIX CABLES INTERNATIONAL Pty Ltd
Priority to AT85303580T priority Critical patent/ATE56074T1/de
Priority claimed from AU42734/85A external-priority patent/AU558348C/en
Publication of EP0163479A2 publication Critical patent/EP0163479A2/fr
Publication of EP0163479A3 publication Critical patent/EP0163479A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0163479B1 publication Critical patent/EP0163479B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/18—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes
    • D07B7/187—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes for forming bulbs in ropes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ground control and, in particular, to an improved wire strand for cable bolting applications, its method of manufacture and apparatus therefor and to a yielding support for use with cable bolts or the like.
  • Cable bolts normally comprise flexible strands of high tensile stress relieved steel cable which normally have a single central wire and six wires laid thereabouts in parallel spirals. Whilst this particular formation is stated to be normal, there are other strands used in this application which have as many as 19 or 37 wires which have a single central wire and the remainder wrapped thereabout.
  • the cable bolt may be provided with retaining means which comprise a pair of arms of wire held to the cable adjacent to its leading end and/or at various positions along its length, the arms extending outwardly and 'rearwardly' from the cable bolt, the arrangement'being such that the cable can be placed into a bore hole of, say, 50 to 70 millimetres in diameter and axial movement from the hole is restricted by these outwardly directed arms, which contact the bore hole wall on outward movement.
  • These arms do not assist in the operation of the cable bolt, but simply act to retain this until grouting is effected.
  • the bore hole is then filled with a cement grout.
  • the cable bolt may comprise a pair of strands which may be interconnected in a spaced manner at distances along the length of the bolt and in some applications each strand may have at predetermined distances along its length a barrel located thereabouts to increase the effective diameter of the strand.
  • each individual strand may be provided with indents or the like along its length to assist the frlctionat interengagement with the grout column.
  • Cable bolts can be used in a number of different applications in mines, such as for underground stoping, for piller support, for development support, and in open pit applications and, generally, holes are drilled through the ground normally into more solid strata into which the bolts are passes and located by the grouting. '
  • the bolts are located in a pattern which is determined largely by the geological formation to stabilise the wall or roof into which the bolts are passed
  • the bolts pass through the ore body to be mined and as portion of the body this is removed by blasting so the bolts are exposed and they can then be cut off if necessary.
  • the bolts pass through unstable material which is not part of the ore body and, by stabilising this, prevents materials from mixing with the ore body thereby diluting the ore, increasing the volume to be treated and accordingly increasing the cost of winning the mineral values.
  • a major factor in the effectiveness of cable bolts is in the friction between the bolt and the grout, and if this can be increased there is an increase in the force necessary to cause breaking away of adjacent material and, in the optimum, it would be desirable that a bolt support a load effectively up to its tensile strength before the adjacent rock separates therefrom.
  • the invention in its broadest sense comprises a cable bolt in which the wires of the cable bolt, over at least part of its length, are twisted in the direction opposite to the original twist and held at each end after twisting thereby providing a cable bolt which has alternate areas of enlarged diameter where the wires are spaced, one from the other, and areas where the wires lie closely adjacent.
  • the strand is made from wires which are plain or indented wires crimped along their lengths and then gathered and held at one end and twisted in a direction opposite the crimp whereby the formed strand has alternate areas of enlarged diameter where the wires are spaced, one from the other, and areas where the wires lie closely adjacent.
  • the cable has additional wires which are located against the original wires after they have been destranded and before they are twisted in the opposite direction.
  • the invention also includes a method of forming a wire strand from a formed twisted strand having a number of wires comprising the steps of destranding the wires whilst one end of the strand is held and twisting the wires in the opposite sense to restrand the wires but with areas of the strand of a diameter larger than the original area and areas where the diameter is of the same order as the original diameter, and holding the wires at the free end.
  • the method may comprise an initial step of taking plane or indented wire, forming a repeating crimp along its length, grouping the required number of crimped wires, holding these at one end and twisting the wires in a direction opposite the direction of crimp to strand the wires.
  • the invention also includes a method of forming a wire strand in which a number of additional wires which have previously been stranded are formed into the strand when it is twisted in the opposite sense.
  • the invention also includes an apparatus for making a cable bolt including a table or base, a number of elongate wire receiving members adapted to receive at least the number of wires required in the finished cable bolt, the wire receiving members being rotatable, as a group, about an axis parallel to those of the individual wire receiving members, a headstock or the like in which one end of wires received in the receiving members can be held, and means to rotate the wire receiving members whilst there is relative axial movement between the headstock and the wire receiving members.
  • the chambers may preferably be tubes located coaxially and in substantially the pattern of the wire in the original strand.
  • a cable bolt is flexible and normally comprises one or two strands of high tensile stress relieved steel cable.
  • Each strand consists of a number of wires, conventionally seven of which the centre wire runs straight through the strand and the outer wires are helically wound around the centre wire in close contact so that any section of the strand shows the centre wire surrounded by six outer wires each of which is in contact with its two adjacent wires and the centre wire.
  • Each wire may be smooth but, preferably, to increase the frictional engagement between the wire and the grouting in which the cable bolt is embedded, the wire may have indents or the like along its length.
  • Normal cable bolts are terminated at each end, either by a ductile member which is deformed around the bolt or by a barrel and wedge.
  • the reformed strands in order to differentiate the reformed strands from the initial strands from which they are formed, we shall describe the reformed strands as cable bolts or cable bolt lengths.
  • the table or bed 10 illustrated is designed for batch treatments of cable bolt lengths and has a length which is approximately twice the length of the strands.
  • the operative portion of the apparatus comprises a headstock 20 at one end of the table and a trolley mounted turret arrangement 30 which is adapted to move forwardly and rearwardly along the table and which is driven by a drive means 40.
  • a headstock 20 at one end of the table and a trolley mounted turret arrangement 30 which is adapted to move forwardly and rearwardly along the table and which is driven by a drive means 40.
  • the headstock this is built about a pair of chucks or collets 21, each of which is adapted to receive a wire strand 22 in an engagement whereby the strand can be rotated about its axis.
  • Each chuck 21 is mounted for rotation and for this purpose is provided about its periphery with spur gear 23.
  • These spur gears are connected by a chain 24 to a driving gear 25 which, in turn, is driven by motor 26 through gears 27, 28 which are interconnected by chain 29, gear 28 driving shaft 15 to which gear 28 is connected.
  • the whole of the stock assembly is mounted on a carriage 16 having wheels 17 which engage with the flanges 11 of the table 10.
  • the turret assembly 30 consists of a number of trolleys or trucks 31, each of which have flanged wheels 32 which ride on the flanges 11 of the table 10 and a single trolley or truck 33 which is located behind the first of the trolleys 31 and which is different in construction from the earlier trolleys.
  • the trolley 31 is provided with a receiving member 34 which is mounted for rotation on idlers 35 and which is retained against axial movement by these idlers.
  • the tubes 36 as can be seen from the left side of Fig. 5 terminate at slightly different distances, as will be described hereinafter, and the central tubes 37 are located in a surround 38 which extends forwardly of the various tubes.
  • tubes 36, 37 and the surround 38 extend rearwardly through each of the trolleys 31, and the trolley 33 and the total length of these tubes is approximately equal to the total length of the wire strands to be used.
  • the trolley 33 differs from the other trolleys in that, in this case, the receiving member 50, whilst mounted on rollers 35 in a manner similar to the receiving members 34 which has an internal configuration the same as the earlier described members, has an external spur geat 51 which is driven by chain 52 from a gear 53 which is rotated through a gear box 56 by rotation of a shaft 57 driven by a pinion 54 which moves along a rack 55 formed on the table 10.
  • the receiving member 50 whilst mounted on rollers 35 in a manner similar to the receiving members 34 which has an internal configuration the same as the earlier described members, has an external spur geat 51 which is driven by chain 52 from a gear 53 which is rotated through a gear box 56 by rotation of a shaft 57 driven by a pinion 54 which moves along a rack 55 formed on the table 10.
  • the trolleys can be moved forwardly and rearwardly along the table by the drive means 40 illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the cable 46 is in connection with the trolleys of the turret assembly, whereby, depending upon the direction of rotation of the motor 41 or the setting of the gear box, so the turret assembly can be moved towards or away from the headstock 20.
  • the turret assembly is moved to the end of the table away from the headstoek, by means of the motor 41 and cable 46, and the strands to be converted into the strand of the invention are laid along the table and one end of each of these strands is connected to one of the chucks 21.
  • the turret assembly is moved until the free ends of the strands are closely adjacent the surround 38 and the ends of the strands are partially destranded and the individual wires are each placed into one of the tubes 36 or 37.
  • the pinion 54 is moved away from the rack 55 by operation of the handle 60 and the turret assembly is caused to move towards the headstock, by operation of the motor 41 causing mounting of the cable 46 and, at the same time, the motor 26 of the headstock is operated so as to tend to unwind the strands in the chucks 21.
  • the wires can be readily fed and the wires are held in the tubes.
  • the ends of the strands adjacent the headstock may remain in their normal condition or, if required, the headstock could be caused to move towards the end of the turret assembly so a very substantial part of the total wire strand is unwound.
  • the pinion 54 is brought into engagement with the rack -55 and, thus, when the turret trolleys 31 and 33 commence to move away from the headstock 20, the receivering member 50 is caused to rotate and rotation of this causes a corresponding rotation of the tube 36, 37 and the other receiving members 34.
  • This direction of rotation is in the direction opposite to the direction of unravelling.
  • the speed of rotation may be such that the required end result is achieved by the rotation of the receiving member 50, and thus the tubes and other receiving members.
  • the completed cable bolt has a series of nodes 61 in which the wires are in a position very similar to that that they would have been in a conventional strand, see specifically Fig. 12. It will be appreciated that the arrangement is not as symmetrical as a normal strand, as the cable bolt has two centre wires and twelve outer wires instead of a single centre wire and six closely adjacent outer wires as is the case with the strands used in the formation thereof.
  • This operation considered in relation to a seven wire strand having nominal five millimetre wires, having a nominal diameter of approximately fifteen millimetres and having a pitch of approximately 210 mm, but not limited thereto, forms nodes approximately at the positions of pitch lengths of the strand and, depending on the degree of opposite twist, so the diameter of the strand between the nodes is greater or lesser, the greater the twist the lesser the diameter.
  • the wires of the strand can be held, during manufacture, adjacent the end and the twist applied at the end is the same as the original twist of the strand so that the end of the strand is basically conventional and having a constant diameter and can be terminated in conventional ways, say by using barrels and wedges.
  • the ends are held together by some form of clamping assembly, as is conventional, and the cable bolt can then be handled in a way very similar to normal strands, that is it can be coiled or otherwise prepared for delivery.
  • Fig. 13 is an embodiment which shows an alternate type of cable bolt which can be made by use of the invention and, in this case, the cable bolt has alternate large diameter areas and areas where the cable bolt is effectively similar to a normal strand having the same number of wires.
  • Fig. 14 shows a plot of deformation against load using cable bolts made in accordance with the invention and normal cable bolts.
  • the cable bolt of the invention was a seven strand cable bolt, that is it was fabricated from a single initial strand rather than the illustrated arrangement which was made from two strands.
  • the comparison sample was a 1 x 15.2 mm standard strand.
  • Both of the strands had an estimated 25 tonne tensile strength and it can be seen from the plots that the strands of the invention suffered deformation up to the point of tensile failure, whereas the standard strands all slipped relative to the grout well before tensile failure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
EP85303580A 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Surveillance du souterrain Expired - Lifetime EP0163479B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85303580T ATE56074T1 (de) 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Gebirgskontrolle.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG511384 1984-05-22
AU5113/84 1984-05-22
AU42734/85A AU558348C (en) 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Ground control

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0163479A2 true EP0163479A2 (fr) 1985-12-04
EP0163479A3 EP0163479A3 (en) 1987-01-14
EP0163479B1 EP0163479B1 (fr) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=25626112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85303580A Expired - Lifetime EP0163479B1 (fr) 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Surveillance du souterrain

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0163479B1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-18 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cheville de fixation en forme de cable
EP0628114A1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1994-12-14 Bhp Steel (Awi) Pty. Ltd. Boulon pour cable
WO1995005526A1 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Bridon Plc Element flexible a nervures destine a etre coule dans un milieu d'ancrage
AU658972B2 (en) * 1992-02-09 1995-05-04 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Method of manufacturing an anchor element from a strand of twisted steel wire
WO1995023277A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Asw Limited Toron haute resistance, ses ancrages et procedes d'installation
EP0893551A2 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-01-27 Drahtwerk Köln GmbH Procédé pour préparer et pour retirer un toron avec une portion affaiblie de rupture

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4432128C2 (de) * 1994-09-09 2001-09-06 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ankerelements für einen Erd- oder Felsanker, Felsbolzen oder dergleichen aus einer Litze aus verdrillten Stahldrähten

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2296918A (en) * 1940-01-30 1942-09-29 British Ropes Ltd Apparatus for examining ropes
DE1143471B (de) * 1958-05-28 1963-02-14 British Ropes Ltd Gebirgsanker
DE1991485U (de) * 1968-08-08 Dr-Ing Arthur Rohnisch, 7000 Stuttgart-Vaihmgen Injektionszuganker
FR2180338A5 (fr) * 1972-04-11 1973-11-23 Ullmann Martin
DE2755454A1 (de) * 1977-12-13 1979-06-21 Holzmann Philipp Ag Haftanker fuer eine aus stahldraehten bestehende litze
GB2104474A (en) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Destranding optical fibre cable

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1991485U (de) * 1968-08-08 Dr-Ing Arthur Rohnisch, 7000 Stuttgart-Vaihmgen Injektionszuganker
US2296918A (en) * 1940-01-30 1942-09-29 British Ropes Ltd Apparatus for examining ropes
DE1143471B (de) * 1958-05-28 1963-02-14 British Ropes Ltd Gebirgsanker
FR2180338A5 (fr) * 1972-04-11 1973-11-23 Ullmann Martin
DE2755454A1 (de) * 1977-12-13 1979-06-21 Holzmann Philipp Ag Haftanker fuer eine aus stahldraehten bestehende litze
GB2104474A (en) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Destranding optical fibre cable

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SCHWEIZERISCHE BAUZEITUNG, vol. 93, no. 26, 26th June 1975, pages 408-411, Z}rich, CH; E. KESSLER et al.: "Verankerung von Drahtseilen in Fels" *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-18 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cheville de fixation en forme de cable
US5570976A (en) * 1991-07-26 1996-11-05 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cable bolt
EP0628114A1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1994-12-14 Bhp Steel (Awi) Pty. Ltd. Boulon pour cable
EP0628114A4 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1995-07-19 Bhp Steel Awi Pty Ltd Boulon pour cable.
AU658972B2 (en) * 1992-02-09 1995-05-04 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Method of manufacturing an anchor element from a strand of twisted steel wire
WO1995005526A1 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Bridon Plc Element flexible a nervures destine a etre coule dans un milieu d'ancrage
WO1995023277A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Asw Limited Toron haute resistance, ses ancrages et procedes d'installation
US5749681A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-05-12 Edgar Allen Engineering Limited High tensile strand, anchorages and methods of installation thereof
EP0893551A2 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-01-27 Drahtwerk Köln GmbH Procédé pour préparer et pour retirer un toron avec une portion affaiblie de rupture
EP0893551A3 (fr) * 1997-07-25 2000-06-07 Drahtwerk Köln GmbH Procédé pour préparer et pour retirer un toron avec une portion affaiblie de rupture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0163479A3 (en) 1987-01-14
EP0163479B1 (fr) 1990-08-29

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