EP0161311A1 - Process for building by sectors a slit trench foundation wall. - Google Patents

Process for building by sectors a slit trench foundation wall.

Info

Publication number
EP0161311A1
EP0161311A1 EP85900044A EP85900044A EP0161311A1 EP 0161311 A1 EP0161311 A1 EP 0161311A1 EP 85900044 A EP85900044 A EP 85900044A EP 85900044 A EP85900044 A EP 85900044A EP 0161311 A1 EP0161311 A1 EP 0161311A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
explosive charge
thixotropic liquid
diaphragm wall
explosive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85900044A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0161311B1 (en
Inventor
Winfried Rosenstock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85900044T priority Critical patent/ATE34003T1/en
Publication of EP0161311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0161311A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161311B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161311B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • diaphragm walls have become increasingly important for the manufacture of vertical walls, whether as load-bearing walls made of reinforced concrete or as sealing walls to prevent the flow of groundwater.
  • diaphragm walls Compared to sheet piling, diaphragm walls have considerable advantages because they can be carried out without noise and vibration and then do not meet the requirements of numerous cities in residential areas, in the vicinity of hospitals and rest homes, as well as near vibration-sensitive buildings. In many cases, their use makes it possible to dispense with groundwater lowering or to restrict it and thus build it more economically, because lowering groundwater often creates the risk of subsidence with damage to neighboring buildings, and finally, diaphragm walls enable the construction of deep streets , Underground railways, etc. directly next to existing buildings to largely avoid the damage to neighboring buildings caused by underpinning.
  • the diaphragm walls are produced in sections, with z. B. a section of a certain length is excavated and concreted, whereupon the next section is excavated and concreted in the same way, so that subsequently
  • Special grapples are used for excavating the soil, depending on the weight of the soil, a section can be excavated over its entire length or two holes can be made in the subsoil, which are as wide as the later diaphragm wall and extend to their final depth. whereupon the subsoil remaining between the holes is then removed by a gripper.
  • Diaphragm walls are generally created in thicknesses of about 40 to 60 cm. Their depth can be between about 10 to 50 m. So far, however, there has been no possibility of erecting diaphragm walls if the subsoil contains layers of rock, because grabs are then no longer usable, and drilling tools that are able to produce holes with a diameter of ⁇ Drilling from 0 to 60 cm to the required depths is not yet available.
  • the invention is based on a method for producing a diaphragm wall section by section, in which a section is formed by making two holes in the subsurface at a distance from one another which are as wide as the subsequent one.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the aforementioned type which can also be used on a rock base.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that when the diaphragm wall is produced in a rock sub-base provided with a layer, if necessary, a borehole is made in the sub-base between the two holes, which bore a first explosive charge over its length is that a pressure effect is briefly generated at the lower end of the two holes, through which the thixotropic liquid is temporarily displaced upward from the holes, and that the first explosive charge is ignited during the displacement of the thixotropic liquid.
  • the rock base between the two holes is removed in layers and can then be removed with a gripper.
  • the explosive charge is only weak and dimensioned in such a way that a dislocating effect does not occur beyond the width of the later diaphragm wall, but the dislocation in the plane of the diaphragm wall to be created is made possible by the fact that the holes with of the thixotropic liquid are filled, temporarily allow the rock between them to expand. Without this measure, 'the explosion would not be able to influence in the desired direction, as di thixotropic fluid is incompressible and would the Explosionsdruc oppose an infinite resistance.
  • the pressure effect in the holes is preferably generated by attaching a second explosive charge to the bottom of the holes and by igniting the second explosive charges shortly before the first explosive charge.
  • a blast of compressed air can also be generated at the bottom of the two holes before the first explosive charge is ignited.
  • first two small holes are drilled in the center line of the route of the diaphragm wall in comparison to the slot wall, that in each Hole one or more containers each containing an explosive charge are used, the volume fraction of the explosive charges being small compared to the volume of the containers, so that the strength of the explosive charges is selected such that the rock underground is only approximately in the region of the thickness of the later diaphragm wall shattered in its structure, but remains approximately unchanged in its outer shape, and that the holes with their final large diameter are then drilled into the shattered structure.
  • This method which is known in connection with the manufacture of sheet piling, in order to prepare a rock sub-base for ramming the sheet piles, enables drilling to be carried out in the first place without the otherwise unacceptable wear of drilling tools.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a trench wall section
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section corresponding to the illustration in FIG. 1
  • lines 1 and 2 are the lateral boundaries of a diaphragm wall
  • circles 3 and 4 are the contours of large boreholes that speak the width of the diaphragm wall and delimit a diaphragm wall section 5.
  • the diaphragm wall is to be installed in a terrain that has a rock surface 8 under its surface 6 and an overlay 7.
  • the diaphragm wall has a width of 600 mm, for example, and the center distance of the circles 3 and 4 is approximately 1.4 m, for example.
  • the large boreholes 9 and 10 given by circles 3 and 4 around a rock underground cannot be produced by a drilling process.
  • boreholes 11 and 12 which are relatively small in comparison to the large boreholes 9 and 10, are first made in the center of the circles, and one or more containers 14 each containing an explosive charge 13 are inserted into the two boreholes 10 and 11 , the volume fraction of the explosive charges being small compared to the volume of the container, and then the explosive charges 13 are ignited, but the thickness of the explosive charges is dimensioned such that the rock underground is only destroyed in its structure approximately in the region of the thickness of the later diaphragm wall , however, remains almost unchanged in its outer shape, so that in this way the rock underground is prepared for the drilling of the large drill holes 9 and 10, without any major tool wear subsequently occurring during drilling.
  • OM V / I tion can exert on the rock, but the gases expanding through the combustion find a sufficiently large volume in the container to be able to expand therein initially without acting on the rock adjacent to the borehole in such a way that it is displaced.
  • the explosion gases which cannot act downwards due to the massive rock underground, therefore escape from the container upwards into the borehole, without however creating the usual funnel. It is thus achieved that the rock adjacent to the borehole is not shot away, but is only broken up into the smallest grain fractions with a size of less than 0.5 cm.
  • the large borehole can then be made in a rock surface prepared in this way without difficulty.
  • the thixotropic liquid which has the function here of preventing the overlay 7 from collapsing into the large boreholes 9, 10, is introduced into the large boreholes directly in connection with their production.
  • a borehole 16 is made approximately in the middle between the large boreholes 9 and 10, into which an explosive charge distributed over its length or a plurality of explosive charges 17 staggered one above the other are introduced become.
  • These explosive charges are necessary in order to be able to remove the underground 15 economically. They must, of course, be dimensioned so weakly that there is no dislocation of the rock base adjacent to the diaphragm wall section, i. H. the effect of the explosion should be limited to the diaphragm wall width.
  • the pressure effect at the lower end of the large boreholes can be created in different ways.
  • a preferred possibility is that a small second explosive charge 18 is deposited on the bottom of each of the two large boreholes 9 and 10, which is ignited shortly before the ignition of the first explosive charges 20, so that the explosive charges 17 have their effect can unfold as long as the thixotropic liquid in the large boreholes 9 and 10 has been displaced by the action of the explosive charges 18.
  • the pressure effect can also be built up at the bottom of the large boreholes 9 and 10 by a compressed air source, which generates a burst of compressed air at the required point in time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

On creuse dans le sol, à un certain intervalle l'un de l'autre, deux trous (9, 10) qui sont aussi larges que le futur mur de fondation en tranchée, qui vont jusqu'à la profondeur définitive de celui-ci et qui sont remplis pendant leur formation d'un liquide thixotrope, si bien que finalement l'intervalle séparant les trous est supprimé et lui aussi rempli du liquide thixotrope et que le segment tout entier est ensuite rempli de béton depuis le bas jusqu'en haut alors que le liquide thixotrope est refoulé. L'invention prévoit, lors de la fabrication du mur de fondation en tranchée dans un sous-sol rocheux, de creuser dans le sol entre les deux trous (9, 10) un trou de forage (16) doté sur sa longueur d'une charge explosive (17), à l'extrémité inférieure des deux trous étant produit pendant un bref laps de temps un effet de pression permettant de faire sortir temporairement le liquide thixotrope des trous et de le refouler vers le haut, ainsi que de tirer la première charge explosive (17) pendant le refoulement du liquide thixotrope. Le refoulement peut être effectué par une seconde charge explosive (18) placée au fond de chacun des deux trous, les secondes charges explosives (18) étant tirées peu avant la première charge explosive (17). Il serait également possible de provoquer une poussée d'air sous pression au fond des deux trous (9, 10) peu avant la mise à feu de la première charge explosive (17).We dig in the ground, at a certain interval from each other, two holes (9, 10) which are as wide as the future trench foundation wall, which go to the final depth of this one. and which are filled during their formation with a thixotropic liquid, so that finally the gap between the holes is removed and also filled with the thixotropic liquid and the entire segment is then filled with concrete from the bottom to the top while the thixotropic liquid is discharged. The invention provides, during the manufacture of the trenched foundation wall in a rocky subsoil, to dig in the soil between the two holes (9, 10) a borehole (16) provided along its length with a explosive charge (17), at the lower end of the two holes being produced for a short time a pressure effect allowing the thixotropic liquid to come out temporarily from the holes and to force it upwards, as well as to draw the first explosive charge (17) during the discharge of the thixotropic liquid. The discharge can be effected by a second explosive charge (18) placed at the bottom of each of the two holes, the second explosive charges (18) being fired shortly before the first explosive charge (17). It would also be possible to cause a surge of pressurized air at the bottom of the two holes (9, 10) shortly before the firing of the first explosive charge (17).

Description

Verfahren zur abschnittsweisen Herstellung einer Schlitzwand Method for producing a diaphragm wall in sections
In den letzten Jahren haben Schlitzwände eine zunehmen de Bedeutung für die Herstellung senkrechter Wände erhalten, sei es als tragende Wände aus Stahlbeton oder als Dichtungswände zur Verhinderung des Grundwasserstromes.In recent years, diaphragm walls have become increasingly important for the manufacture of vertical walls, whether as load-bearing walls made of reinforced concrete or as sealing walls to prevent the flow of groundwater.
Gegenüber Spundwänden besitzen Schlitzwände erhebliche Vorteile, denn sie lassen sich ohne Lärm und Erschütterung aus¬ führen und erfüllen dann die Forderung zahlreicher Städte, in Wohngebieten, in der Nähe von Krankenhäusern und Erholungsheimen sowie nahe erschütterungsempfindlicher Gebäude nicht zu rammen. Ihr Einsatz ermöglicht es in vielen Fällen, auf eine Grundwasser absenkung zu verzichten oder sie einzuschränken und damit wirt¬ schaftlicher zu bauen, denn bei Grundwasserabsenkungen besteht oft die Gefahr von Setzungen mit Schäden an nebenliegenden Gebäu den, und schließlich ermöglichen es Schlitzwände beim Bau von Tiefstraßen, Tiefbahnen usw. unmittelbar neben bestehenden Gebäu den die bei Unterfangungen eintretenden Schäden an Nachbargebäu¬ den weitgehend zu vermeiden.Compared to sheet piling, diaphragm walls have considerable advantages because they can be carried out without noise and vibration and then do not meet the requirements of numerous cities in residential areas, in the vicinity of hospitals and rest homes, as well as near vibration-sensitive buildings. In many cases, their use makes it possible to dispense with groundwater lowering or to restrict it and thus build it more economically, because lowering groundwater often creates the risk of subsidence with damage to neighboring buildings, and finally, diaphragm walls enable the construction of deep streets , Underground railways, etc. directly next to existing buildings to largely avoid the damage to neighboring buildings caused by underpinning.
Die Herstellung der Schlitzwände erfolgt dabei ab¬ schnittsweise, wobei z. B. ein Abschnitt einer bestimmten Länge ausgehoben und betoniert wird, worauf in gleicher Weise der über nächste Abschnitt ausgehoben und betoniert wird, so daß anschlieThe diaphragm walls are produced in sections, with z. B. a section of a certain length is excavated and concreted, whereupon the next section is excavated and concreted in the same way, so that subsequently
OO
Λ WI ßend der zwischen den beiden hergestellten Abschnitten verbliebe¬ ne Abschnitt ausgehoben und betoniert werden kann.Λ WI The section remaining between the two sections produced can be excavated and concreted.
Für den Bodenaushub werden Spezialgreifer verwendet, wobei je nach Schwere des Bodens ein Abschnitt auf seiner ganzen Länge ausgehoben werden kann oder aber im Untergrund im Abstand voneinander zwei Löcher hergestellt werden, die so breit wie die spätere Schlitzwand sind und bis zu deren endgültiger Tiefe reichen, worauf dann anschließend der zwischen den Löchern ver¬ bliebene Untergrund durch einen Greifer entfernt wird.Special grapples are used for excavating the soil, depending on the weight of the soil, a section can be excavated over its entire length or two holes can be made in the subsoil, which are as wide as the later diaphragm wall and extend to their final depth. whereupon the subsoil remaining between the holes is then removed by a gripper.
In jedem Fall ist es bei der Schlitzwandherstellung üb¬ lich, den ausgehobenen Boden mit einer thixotropen Flüssigkeit auszufüllen, die in der Lage ist, auf die Wandungen eine stark stützende Wirkung auszuüben. Solche mit thixotroper Flüssigkeit ausgefüllten Wände bleiben auch bei völlig kohäsionslosen Böden senkrecht ohne Aussteifung stehen.In any case, it is customary in diaphragm wall production to fill the excavated soil with a thixotropic liquid which is able to exert a strongly supporting effect on the walls. Such walls filled with thixotropic liquid remain vertically without any stiffening even with completely non-cohesive floors.
Schlitzwände werden im allgemeinen in Stärken von etwa 40 bis 60 cm erstellt. Ihre Tiefe kann dabei zwischen etwa 10 bis 50 m betragen. Bisher gab es jedoch keine Möglichkeit, Schlitz¬ wände zu errichten, wenn der Untergrund Gesteinsschichten ent¬ hält, denn Greifer sind dann nicht mehr einsatzfähig, und Bohr¬ werkzeuge, die mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand in der Lage sind, Löcher mit einem Durchmesser von ^0 bis 60 cm bis zu den erforderlichen Tiefen zu bohren, sind bisher nicht verfügbar.Diaphragm walls are generally created in thicknesses of about 40 to 60 cm. Their depth can be between about 10 to 50 m. So far, however, there has been no possibility of erecting diaphragm walls if the subsoil contains layers of rock, because grabs are then no longer usable, and drilling tools that are able to produce holes with a diameter of ^ Drilling from 0 to 60 cm to the required depths is not yet available.
Andererseits besteht aber häufig das Bedürfnis, auch bei einem Gesteinsuntergrund eine Schlitzwand vorzusehen, z. B. um beim Talsperrenbau die Talsohle unterhalb des Dammfußes abzu¬ dichten.On the other hand, there is often the need to provide a diaphragm wall even on a rock underground, z. B. to seal the valley below the dam base when building a dam.
Die Erfindung geht von einem Verfahren zur abschnitts¬ weisen Herstellung einer Schlitzwand aus, bei dem ein Abschnitt dadurch gebildet wird, daß im Untergrund im Abstand voneinander zwei Löcher hergestellt werden, die so breit wie die spätere •The invention is based on a method for producing a diaphragm wall section by section, in which a section is formed by making two holes in the subsurface at a distance from one another which are as wide as the subsequent one.
OMPIOMPI
^ WI∑,° Schlitzwand sind und bis zu deren endgültiger Tiefe reichen, un die bei ihrer Herstellung mit einer thixotropen Flüssigkeit aus¬ gefüllt werden, daß anschließend der zwischen den Löchern ver¬ bliebene Untergrund entfernt und ebenfalls mit der thixotropen Flüssigkeit ausgefüllt wird, und daß daraufhin schließlich der gesamte Abschnitt von unten nach oben mit Beton unter Verdrängun der thixotropen Flüssigkeit ausgefüllt wird.^ WI∑, ° There are diaphragm walls and extend to their final depth, which are filled with a thixotropic liquid during their manufacture, that the substrate remaining between the holes is subsequently removed and likewise filled with the thixotropic liquid, and that finally the whole Section is filled from bottom to top with concrete, displacing the thixotropic liquid.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahre der vorgenannten Art zu schaffen, das auch bei einem Gesteinsun¬ tergrund anwendbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method of the aforementioned type which can also be used on a rock base.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß bei Herstellung der Schlitzwand in einem gegebenen¬ falls mit eine.r Überlagerung versehenen Gesteinsuntergrund in de Untergrund zwischen den beiden Löchern ein Bohrloch hergestellt wird, das über seiner Länge mit einer ersten Sprengladung verse¬ hen wird, daß am unteren Ende der beiden Löcher kurzzeitig eine Druckwirkung erzeugt wird, durch die die thixotrope Flüssigkeit vorübergehend aus den Löchern nach oben verdrängt wird, und daß während der Verdrängung der thixotropen Flüssigkeit die erste Sprengladung gezündet wird.The object is achieved according to the invention in that when the diaphragm wall is produced in a rock sub-base provided with a layer, if necessary, a borehole is made in the sub-base between the two holes, which bore a first explosive charge over its length is that a pressure effect is briefly generated at the lower end of the two holes, through which the thixotropic liquid is temporarily displaced upward from the holes, and that the first explosive charge is ignited during the displacement of the thixotropic liquid.
Durch die Erfindung wird erreicht, daß der Gesteinsun¬ tergrund zwischen den beiden Löchern in Schichten abgelöst wird und anschließend mit einem Greifer entfernt werden kann. Die Sprengladung ist dabei nur schwach und so bemessen, daß eine dis lozierende Wirkung über die Breite der späteren Schlitzwand hin¬ aus nicht auftritt, wobei aber die Dislozierung in der Ebene der zu erstellenden Schlitzwand dadurch ermöglicht wird, daß die bei den Löcher, die mit der thixotropen Flüssigkeit gefüllt sind, vorübergehend eine Expansionsbewegung des zwischen ihnen befind¬ lichen Gesteins zulassen. Ohne diese Maßnahme würde sich' die Sprengung nicht in dem gewünschten Sinne auswirken können, da di thixotrope Flüssigkeit inkompressibel ist und dem Explosionsdruc einen unendlichen Widerstand entgegensetzen würde.It is achieved by the invention that the rock base between the two holes is removed in layers and can then be removed with a gripper. The explosive charge is only weak and dimensioned in such a way that a dislocating effect does not occur beyond the width of the later diaphragm wall, but the dislocation in the plane of the diaphragm wall to be created is made possible by the fact that the holes with of the thixotropic liquid are filled, temporarily allow the rock between them to expand. Without this measure, 'the explosion would not be able to influence in the desired direction, as di thixotropic fluid is incompressible and would the Explosionsdruc oppose an infinite resistance.
Λ> IF - H - Λ> IF - H -
Die Druckwirkung in den Löchern wird vorzugsweise da¬ durch erzeugt, daß am Boden der Löcher je eine zweite Sprengla¬ dung angebracht wird, und daß die zweiten Sprengladungen kurz vor der ersten Sprengladung gezündet werden.The pressure effect in the holes is preferably generated by attaching a second explosive charge to the bottom of the holes and by igniting the second explosive charges shortly before the first explosive charge.
Stattdessen kann aber auch vor der Zündung der ersten Sprengladung am Boden der beiden Löcher ein Druckluftstoß erzeugt werden.Instead, a blast of compressed air can also be generated at the bottom of the two holes before the first explosive charge is ignited.
Um aber überhaupt die beiden Löcher in dem Gesteinsun¬ tergrund herstellen zu können, ist in weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, daß zunächst in der Mit¬ tellinie der Trasse der Schlitzwand zwei im Vergleich zur Schlitz -wanddicke kleine Löcher gebohrt werden, daß in jedes Loch ein oder mehrere je eine Sprengladung enthaltende Behälter eingesetzt werden, wobei der Volumenanteil der Sprengladungen gering gegenü¬ ber dem Volumen der Behälter ist, daß die Stärke der Sprengladun¬ gen so gewählt wird, daß der Gesteinsuntergrund etwa im Bereich der Dicke der späteren Schlitzwand nur in seinem Gefüge zertrüm¬ mert, in seiner äußeren Form jedoch annähernd unverändert bleibt, und daß dann in das zertrümmerte Gefüge die Löcher mit ihrem end¬ gültigen großen Durchmesser gebohrt werden.However, in order to be able to produce the two holes in the rock underground at all, in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that first two small holes are drilled in the center line of the route of the diaphragm wall in comparison to the slot wall, that in each Hole one or more containers each containing an explosive charge are used, the volume fraction of the explosive charges being small compared to the volume of the containers, so that the strength of the explosive charges is selected such that the rock underground is only approximately in the region of the thickness of the later diaphragm wall shattered in its structure, but remains approximately unchanged in its outer shape, and that the holes with their final large diameter are then drilled into the shattered structure.
Durch dieses Verfahren, das in Verbindung mit der Her¬ stellung von Spundwänden bekannt ist, um einen Gesteinsuntergrund zum Einrammen der Spundwandbohlen vorzubereiten, wird überhaupt erst eine Bohrung ohne den andernfalls untragbaren Verschleiß von Bohrwerkzeugen durchführbar.This method, which is known in connection with the manufacture of sheet piling, in order to prepare a rock sub-base for ramming the sheet piles, enables drilling to be carried out in the first place without the otherwise unacceptable wear of drilling tools.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung bedeuten:The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing:
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf einen Schlitzwandab¬ schnitt undFig. 1 is a plan view of a trench wall section and
O PI Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt entsprechend der Darstel¬ lung in Fig. 1O PI FIG. 2 shows a cross section corresponding to the illustration in FIG. 1
In Fig. 1 sind die Linien 1 und 2 die seitlichen Be¬ grenzungen einer Schlitzwand, und die Kreise 3 und 4 sind die Konturen von Großbohrlöchern, die der Breite der Schlitzwand en sprechen und einen Schlitzwandabschnitt 5 begrenzen.In FIG. 1, lines 1 and 2 are the lateral boundaries of a diaphragm wall, and circles 3 and 4 are the contours of large boreholes that speak the width of the diaphragm wall and delimit a diaphragm wall section 5.
Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, daß die Schlitzwand in einem Gelände angebracht werden soll, das unter seiner Oberfläc 6 und einer Überlagerung 7 einen Gesteinsuntergrund 8 aufweist.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the diaphragm wall is to be installed in a terrain that has a rock surface 8 under its surface 6 and an overlay 7.
Die Schlitzwand hat beispielsweise eine Breite von 600 mm, und der Mittenabstand der Kreise 3 und 4 beträgt bei¬ spielsweise etwa 1,4 m. Wie oben bereits erwähnt wurde, lassen sich in einem Gesteinsuntergrund die von den Kreisen 3 und 4 um gebenen Großbohrlöcher 9 und 10 nicht durch einen Bohrvorgang herstellen.The diaphragm wall has a width of 600 mm, for example, and the center distance of the circles 3 and 4 is approximately 1.4 m, for example. As has already been mentioned above, the large boreholes 9 and 10 given by circles 3 and 4 around a rock underground cannot be produced by a drilling process.
Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst im Zentrum der Kreise und 5 Bohrlöcher 11 und 12 eingebracht, die im Vergleich zu den Großbohrlöchern 9 und 10 verhältnismäßig klein sind, und in die beiden Bohrlöcher 10 und 11 werden ein oder mehrere je eine Sprengladung 13 enthaltende Behälter 14 eingesetzt, wobei der Volumenanteil der Sprengladungen gering gegenüber dem Volumen de Behälter ist, und anschließend werden die Sprengladungen 13 ge¬ zündet, wobei aber die Stärke der Sprengladungen so bemessen wird, daß der Gesteinsuntergrund etwa im Bereich der Dicke der späteren Schlitzwand nur in seinem Gefüge zertrümmert, in seiner äußeren Form jedoch annähernd unverändert bleibt, so daß auf diese Weise der Gesteinsuntergrund für die Bohrung der Großbohr¬ löcher 9 und 10 vorbereitet wird, ohne daß dann anschließend bei Bohren ein großer Werkzeugverschleiß auftritt. Hierbei wird also nur eine vergleichsweise kleine Sprengladung eingesetzt, die bei der Explosion zwar ihre volle Schockwirkung in seitlicher Rich-For this purpose, boreholes 11 and 12, which are relatively small in comparison to the large boreholes 9 and 10, are first made in the center of the circles, and one or more containers 14 each containing an explosive charge 13 are inserted into the two boreholes 10 and 11 , the volume fraction of the explosive charges being small compared to the volume of the container, and then the explosive charges 13 are ignited, but the thickness of the explosive charges is dimensioned such that the rock underground is only destroyed in its structure approximately in the region of the thickness of the later diaphragm wall , however, remains almost unchanged in its outer shape, so that in this way the rock underground is prepared for the drilling of the large drill holes 9 and 10, without any major tool wear subsequently occurring during drilling. This means that only a comparatively small explosive charge is used, which does have its full shock effect in the lateral direction during the explosion.
JTTRJTTR
OM V/I tung auf das Gestein ausüben kann, deren durch die Verbrennung expandierende Gase jedoch in dem Behälter ein ausreichend großes Volumen vorfinden, um sich darin zunächst ausdehnen zu können, ohne auf das dem Bohrloch benachbarte Gestein derartig einzuwir¬ ken, daß dieses verlagert wird. Die Explosionsgase, die wegen des massiven Gesteinsuntergrundes nach unten nicht wirken können, entweichen daher aus dem Behälter nach oben in das Bohrloch, ohne daß jedoch der sonst übliche Sprengtrichter entsteht. Es wird also hierbei erreicht, daß das dem Bohrloch benachbarte Gestein nicht weggeschossen, sondern nur in kleinste Kornfraktionen mit einer Größe von weniger als 0,5 cm zertrümmert wird. In einen derartig vorbereiteten Gesteinsuntergrund kann dann das Großbohr¬ loch ohne Schwierigkeiten eingebracht werden. In die Großbohrlö¬ cher wird unmittelbar in Verbindung mit ihrer Herstellung die thixotrope Flüssigkeit eingebracht, die hier die Funktion hat, ein Einstürzen der Überlagerung 7 in die Großbohrlöcher 9, 10 zu verhindern.OM V / I tion can exert on the rock, but the gases expanding through the combustion find a sufficiently large volume in the container to be able to expand therein initially without acting on the rock adjacent to the borehole in such a way that it is displaced. The explosion gases, which cannot act downwards due to the massive rock underground, therefore escape from the container upwards into the borehole, without however creating the usual funnel. It is thus achieved that the rock adjacent to the borehole is not shot away, but is only broken up into the smallest grain fractions with a size of less than 0.5 cm. The large borehole can then be made in a rock surface prepared in this way without difficulty. The thixotropic liquid, which has the function here of preventing the overlay 7 from collapsing into the large boreholes 9, 10, is introduced into the large boreholes directly in connection with their production.
Um nun aber den zwischen den Großbohrlöchern 9 und 10 stehengebliebenen Gesteinsuntergrund 15 entfernen zu können, wird darin etwa in der Mitte zwischen den Großbohrlöchern 9 und 10 ein Bohrloch 16 eingebracht, in das eine über seine Länge verteilte Sprengladung oder mehrere gestaffelt übereinander angeordnete Sprengladungen 17 eingebracht werden. Diese Sprengladungen sind notwendig, um den Untergrund 15 wirtschaftlich abtragen zu kön¬ nen. Sie müssen natürlich so schwach bemessen werden, daß eine Dislozierung des dem Schlitzwandabschnitt benachbarten Gesteins¬ untergrunds nicht auftritt, d. h. die Wirkung der Sprengung soll auf die Schlitzwandbreite beschränkt werden.However, in order to be able to remove the rock subsoil 15 which has remained between the large boreholes 9 and 10, a borehole 16 is made approximately in the middle between the large boreholes 9 and 10, into which an explosive charge distributed over its length or a plurality of explosive charges 17 staggered one above the other are introduced become. These explosive charges are necessary in order to be able to remove the underground 15 economically. They must, of course, be dimensioned so weakly that there is no dislocation of the rock base adjacent to the diaphragm wall section, i. H. the effect of the explosion should be limited to the diaphragm wall width.
Eine Zündung der in diesem Sinne bemessenen Sprengla¬ dungen 17 würde bei dem herkömmlichen Verfahren, bei dem die Großbohrlöcher 9 und 10 mit der thixotropen Flüssigkeit ausge- - füllt sind, jedoch dazu führer., daß die Sprengkräfte auf einen unendlichen Widerstand wirken, weil die"thixotrope Flüssigkeit inkompressibel ist, so daß damit die erwünschte Wirkung nicht erreichbar ist.Ignition of the explosive charges 17 measured in this sense would, in the conventional method in which the large boreholes 9 and 10 are filled with the thixotropic liquid, lead to the explosive forces acting on an infinite resistance because the " Thixotropic liquid is incompressible, so that it does not have the desired effect is achievable.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nun vorgesehen, daß am Boden der beiden Großbohrlöcher kurzzeitig eine Druckwirkung erzeugt wird, durch die die thixotrope Flüssigkeit vorübergehend nach oben ver drängt wird, und nach dieser Verdrängung werden die Sprengladun¬ gen 17 gezündet, so daß sich dadurch die Gesteinsmassen aus dem Bereich des Untergrunds 15 in Richtung auf die Großbohrlöcher bewegen können und damit eine Struktur erhalten, die anschließen ohne Schwierigkeiten eine Entfernung durch einen Greifer zuläßt.According to the invention, it is now provided that a pressure effect is briefly generated at the bottom of the two large boreholes through which the thixotropic liquid is temporarily pushed upwards, and after this displacement, the explosive charges 17 are ignited, so that the rock masses are thereby removed from the area of the subsoil 15 can move in the direction of the large boreholes and thus obtain a structure which then allows removal by a gripper without difficulty.
Die Druckwirkung am unteren Ende der Großbohrlöcher läßt sich auf verschiedene Weise erzeugen. Eine bevorzugte Mög¬ lichkeit besteht darin, daß auf dem Boden der beiden Großbohrlö¬ cher 9 und 10 je eine kleine zweite Sprengladung 18 deponiert wird, die kurz vor der Zündung der ersten Sprengladungen 20 ge¬ zündet wird, so daß die Sprengladungen 17 ihre Wirkung entfalten können, solange die thixotrope Flüssigkeit in den Großbohrlöcher 9 und 10 durch die Wirkung der Sprengladungen 18 verdrängt worde ist.The pressure effect at the lower end of the large boreholes can be created in different ways. A preferred possibility is that a small second explosive charge 18 is deposited on the bottom of each of the two large boreholes 9 and 10, which is ignited shortly before the ignition of the first explosive charges 20, so that the explosive charges 17 have their effect can unfold as long as the thixotropic liquid in the large boreholes 9 and 10 has been displaced by the action of the explosive charges 18.
Stattdessen kann aber auch am Boden der Großbohrlöcher 9 und 10 die Druckwirkung durch eine Druckluftquelle aufgebaut werden, die zum erforderlichen Zeitpunkt einen Druckluftstoß er¬ zeugt.Instead, however, the pressure effect can also be built up at the bottom of the large boreholes 9 and 10 by a compressed air source, which generates a burst of compressed air at the required point in time.
Da die Wirkung beider Sprengladungen 17 und 18 örtlich begrenzt ist, bleiben die eingangs erwähnten Vorteile der Schlitzwand voll erhalten. Since the effect of both explosive charges 17 and 18 is locally limited, the advantages of the diaphragm wall mentioned at the outset remain fully intact.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zur abschnittsweisen Herstellung einer Schlitzwand, bei dem ein Abschnitt dadurch gebildet wird, daß im Untergrund im Abstand voneinander zwei Löcher hergestellt werden, die so breit wie die spätere Schlitzwand sind und bis zu deren endgültiger Tiefe reichen, und die bei ihrer Herstellung mit einer thixotropen Flüssigkeit ausgefüllt werden, daß anschließend der zwischen den Löchern verbliebene Untergrund entfernt und ebenfalls mit der thixotropen Flüssigkeit ausgefüllt wird, und daß daraufhin schließlich der gesamte Abschnitt von unten nach oben mit Beton unter Verdrängung der thixotropen Flüssigkeit aus¬ gefüllt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Herstellung der Schlitzwand in einem gegebenenfalls mit einer Überlagerung" (7) versehenen Gesteinsuntergrund (8) in dem Untergrund (15) zwischen' den beiden Löchern (9, 10) ein Bohrloch (16) hergestellt wird, das über seiner Länge mit einer ersten Sprengladung (17) versehen wird, daß am unteren Ende der beiden Löcher (9, 10) kurzzeitig eine Druckwirkung erzeugt wird, durch die die thixotrope Flüssig¬ keit vorübergehend aus den Löchern (9, 10) nach oben verdrängt wird, und daß während der Verdrängung der thixotropen Flüssigkeit die erste Sprengladung (17) gezündet wird.1. A method for section-wise production of a diaphragm wall, in which a section is formed by making two holes in the underground at a distance from one another, which are as wide as the subsequent diaphragm wall and extend to their final depth, and which are used in their production be filled with a thixotropic liquid, that the subsoil remaining between the holes is then removed and also filled with the thixotropic liquid, and that the entire section is then finally filled with concrete from below, displacing the thixotropic liquid, characterized in that that when the diaphragm wall is produced in a rock sub-surface (8), optionally provided with an overlay " (7), a borehole (16) is produced in the sub-surface (15) between the 'two holes (9, 10), which over its length has a first explosive charge (17) is provided that at the lower end de For both holes (9, 10) a pressure effect is briefly generated, by means of which the thixotropic liquid is temporarily displaced upwards from the holes (9, 10) and that the first explosive charge (17) is ignited during the displacement of the thixotropic liquid becomes.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Boden der beiden Löcher (9, 10) je eine zweite Sprengladung (18) angebracht wird, und daß die zweiten Sprengladungen (18) kurz vor der ersten Sprengladung (17) gezündet werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the bottom of the two holes (9, 10) a second explosive charge (18) is attached, and that the second explosive charges (18) are ignited shortly before the first explosive charge (17).
3- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Zündung der ersten Sprengladung (17) am Boden der beiden Löcher (9, 10) ein Druckluftstoß erzeugt wird.3- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the ignition of the first explosive charge (17) at the bottom of the two holes (9, 10) a blast of compressed air is generated.
OMPI 4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Löcher (9, 10) im Ge¬ steinsuntergrund dadurch hergestellt- erden, daß zunächst in der Mittellinie der Trasse der Schlitzwand zwei im Vergleich zur Schlitzwanddicke kleine Löcher (11, 12) gebohrt werden, daß in jedes Loch ein oder mehrere je eine Sprengladung (13) enthaltend Behälter (14) eingesetzt werden, wobei der Volumenanteil der Sprengladungen (13) gering gegenüber dem Volumen der Behälter (14) ist, daß die Stärke der Sprengladungen (13) so gewählt wird, daß der Gesteinsuntergrund etwa im Bereich der Dicke der spätere Schlitzwand nur in seinem Gefüge zertrümmert, in seiner äußeren Form jedoch annähernd unverändert bleibt, und daß dann in das zertrümmerte Gefüge die Löcher (9, 10) mit ihrem endgültigen großen Durchmesser gebohrt werden. OMPI 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two holes (9, 10) are made in the rock underground by means that first in the center line of the route of the diaphragm wall, two small holes (11, 12) compared to the diaphragm wall thickness ) are drilled so that one or more containers (14) containing an explosive charge (13) are inserted into each hole, the volume fraction of the explosive charges (13) being small compared to the volume of the containers (14), so that the strength of the explosive charges ( 13) is chosen so that the stone base is only smashed in its structure, approximately in the area of the thickness of the later diaphragm wall, but remains almost unchanged in its outer shape, and that the holes (9, 10) with their final large size are then in the smashed structure Diameter are drilled.
EP85900044A 1983-11-10 1984-11-07 Process for building by sectors a slit trench foundation wall Expired EP0161311B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85900044T ATE34003T1 (en) 1983-11-10 1984-11-07 PROCEDURE FOR SECTIONAL MANUFACTURING OF A DIVISION WALL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833340725 DE3340725A1 (en) 1983-11-10 1983-11-10 METHOD FOR SECTIONAL PRODUCTION OF A SLOT WALL
DE3340725 1983-11-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161311A1 true EP0161311A1 (en) 1985-11-21
EP0161311B1 EP0161311B1 (en) 1988-05-04

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AU (1) AU3672684A (en)
DE (2) DE3340725A1 (en)
PT (1) PT79484B (en)
WO (1) WO1985002212A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA848699B (en)

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FR2750442B1 (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-09-11 Bachy NOVEL DRAINING WALL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND ELEMENT IMPLEMENTED
FR2804449B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-12-13 Soletanche Bachy France IMPROVEMENT IN DRAINING WALL REALIZATION
CN113789797A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-12-14 长沙理工大学 Steel sheet pile cofferdam construction method for deeply covering sand and gravel layer

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BE538890A (en) * 1954-06-15
FR1528894A (en) * 1967-04-24 1968-06-14 Sondages Rhone Alpes Process for compaction of soils and for pouring piles or foundations embedded in the ground
NL7703935A (en) * 1977-04-12 1978-10-16 Ruiter Boringen En Bemalingen Soil compaction system - uses explosive charges and forms drainage channels round charges
LU83493A1 (en) * 1981-07-15 1983-04-06 Arbed VOLUME BLASTING

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Title
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Also Published As

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DE3340725A1 (en) 1985-05-23
ZA848699B (en) 1985-06-26
EP0161311B1 (en) 1988-05-04
DE3470899D1 (en) 1988-06-09
PT79484A (en) 1984-12-01
WO1985002212A1 (en) 1985-05-23
AU3672684A (en) 1985-06-03
PT79484B (en) 1986-08-05

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