EP0160581A1 - Antenna array and radar with a low jamming sensitivity - Google Patents

Antenna array and radar with a low jamming sensitivity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160581A1
EP0160581A1 EP85400338A EP85400338A EP0160581A1 EP 0160581 A1 EP0160581 A1 EP 0160581A1 EP 85400338 A EP85400338 A EP 85400338A EP 85400338 A EP85400338 A EP 85400338A EP 0160581 A1 EP0160581 A1 EP 0160581A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
memories
memory
phase
stored
network
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Granted
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EP85400338A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0160581B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Durand
Roland Trigon
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2617—Array of identical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the invention relates mainly to anti-jamming devices and methods for a network antenna and radar with reduced interference sensitivity.
  • the invention mainly consists in storing the desired phase laws of a network antenna in memories.
  • the phase laws being chosen, the invention is particularly advantageous for creating zones of reduced sensitivity, which will be called holes in the rest of this patent, in the antenna radiation diagram.
  • the phase laws stored in the memories take account of the quantization errors and / or of the properties specific to each phase-shifter with digital control.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the device of the prior art. In addition, it is easy to create several holes and thus obtain the simultaneous rejection of numerous parasites such as jammers or ground echoes.
  • the device according to the invention easily adapts to all radars comprising a network antenna, for example to tracking radars as well as standby speed cameras.
  • the main object of the invention is an anti-jamming method for a network antenna, characterized in that phase laws are stored in memories comprising zones of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram; when jammers are detected, the network phase law is used for which the directions of reduced sensitivity correspond to the directions of the detected jammers.
  • the invention also relates to a network antenna comprising memories in which are stored desired phase laws of the network, characterized in that said network laws create zones of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the same references have been used to designate the same elements.
  • the antenna comprises a device 3 for supplying microwave energy, connected to a series of n phase shifters 21 to 2n themselves connected to n radiating elements 1I to ln.
  • the radiating elements are helices, it being understood that other radiating elements such as, for example, candles, horns, dipoles or linear networks, do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
  • the phase shifters at 21 to 2n are connected to a memory 4.
  • the memory 4 is connected to an addressing circuit 6 by an address bus 5.
  • the addressing circuit 6 is connected to a computer 8 by a bus 7.
  • Memory 4 is for example of the program read only memory type.
  • Mable PROM in English terminology
  • EPROM or EEPROM reprogrammable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically reprogrammable read-only memory
  • the memory 4 are stored the phase laws which it is desired to obtain with the antenna according to the invention.
  • Parasitic receptions can come from parasitic echoes (clutter in English terminology) or from enemy jammers.
  • the holes are placed at the places where one expects to have clutter or jammers, for example on the horizon.
  • phase laws are stored in memory 4 and the optimal phase law for the present situation is chosen using the computer 8.
  • phase shifters 21 to 2n are with analog controls, there is interposed between the memory 4 and the phase shifters 21 to 2n of the digital-analog converters.
  • Storing the desired phase laws in a memory 4 makes it possible to avoid real-time calculations of these phase laws. In addition, these calculations are carried out only once.
  • the calculated phase laws take account of the quantization errors due to the use of phase-shifters with digital control, for example five bits.
  • the values stored in memory 4 take account of the real phase shifts obtained with each phase shifter and the proper responses of each phase shifter used. Thus in the case where one or more phase shifters are replaced as a result of failure for example, the values contained in memory 4, or memory 4 itself, are replaced.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of the invention can be seen comprising a first memory 33 in which are stored, for example the phase laws of the network antenna and a memory 34 in which the corrections necessary for the result are stored longed for.
  • a computer 8 controls an addressing circuit 6 via a bus 7.
  • the addressing circuit 6 controls the reading of memories 33 and 34 by address buses 39 and 38 respectively.
  • At the addresses transmitted by the addressing circuit 6 is stored in memories 33 and 34 the digital control value of a phase shifter corresponding to a pointing of the radar beam.
  • a computer 8 is connected to data buses 7, 36, 37 and 35 respectively to an addressing circuit 6, a memory 33, a memory 34 and to the interface with an operator.
  • the addressing circuit 6 is connected to the memories 33 and 34 respectively by the address buses 39 and 38.
  • the memory 33 is connected to an adder circuit 9 by a data bus 10, the addressing circuit 6 is connected to the adder 9 by a bus 31 the memory 34 is connected to the adder 9 by a data bus 32, the adder 9 is connected to a set of phase shifters 21 to 2n.
  • the phase shifters 21 to 2n are supplied with microwave energy by a supply device 3.
  • the supply device 3 is for example a beam comprising a waveguide.
  • the phase shifters 21 to 2n take the microwave energy from the waveguide using couplers not shown in the figure.
  • the phase shifters 21 to 2n are connected to the radiating elements respectively Il to ln.
  • the digital control values of the phase shifters are sent to a phase shifter, for example the phase shifter 21 and propagate gradually to the phase shifter 2n. It is therefore advantageous to enter the numerical control values phase shifters with an advance transmission cycle. Thus, simultaneously with the transmission of microwave energy, the digital control values necessary for the following transmission cycle propagate step by step between the phase shifters 21 to 2n.
  • a multiplexing device not shown is connected on the one hand to the adder 9 and on the other hand to the phase shifters 21 to 2n. This device directs each command value to the phase shifter for which it is intended.
  • an assembly 40 comprising the memories 33 and 34, the addressing circuit 6, the adder 9, and their interconnections is associated with each phase shifter 21 to 2n.
  • An operator wishing to obtain a pointing of the microwave energy beam with possibly corrections in the shape of the beam sends an order to the computer 8 by the data bus 35.
  • the computer 8 chooses the addresses at which, in memories 33 and 34, are stored the numerical control values of the phase shifters 21 to 2n.
  • the sum of the values contained in memory 33 and the values contained in memory 34 is equal to the control value to be applied to one of the phase shifters 21 to 2n.
  • the most significant bits are stored in a memory, memory 33 for example, the least significant bits (LSB in English terminology) are stored in the other memory, ie memory 34.
  • the memories 33 and 34 are not necessarily of the same type.
  • the memory 33 is a programmable read only memory (EROM in English terminology) while the memory 34 is an electrically reprogrammable read only memory (EEPROM in English terminology).
  • the desired radiation diagram is stored in the memory 33, including holes in these diagrams.
  • the computer 8 chooses a radiation diagram in which the holes correspond to the directions of said jammers.
  • a frequent case corresponds to distant jammers known as Stand Off, seen by the antenna as being on the horizon. In this case it is useless to measure the direction of the jammer. It is enough to correspond to the site of the horizon, 0 ° a hole in a radiation diagram.
  • the memory 34 contains corrections due to the individual behavior of the phase shifters.
  • EEPROM electrically reprogrammable read-only memories
  • in memory 33 are stored the radiation patterns of the antenna without the holes, while in memory 34 are stored the corrections due to the quantization of the digitally controlled phase shifters, the corrections due to the individual behavior phase shifters as well as the corrections making it possible to generate holes in the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the memory 34 is reprogrammed or replaced.
  • the computer 9 receives via the bus 35 the values relating to the behavior of the new phase shifter and through the bus 36 reads the memory 33.
  • the memory 34 is programmed by the bus 37.
  • An information storage device in memory 34 is adapted to the physical nature of this memory.
  • the holes created with the devices according to the invention have for example a depth of 50 dB for an antenna comprising 50 radiant elements.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 15 dB.
  • the device according to the present invention comprises means (not shown) for detecting the directions of jammers.
  • the invention applies in particular to radar with electronic scanning.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

Electronically scanned antenna array comprising memories (4, 33, 34) permitting storage of the values for digital control of the phase shifters which permit the aiming of the microwave energy beam. Furthermore, the device makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the antenna in the direction of jamming devices. The values contained in the memories (4, 33, 34) can be modified, either by changing the (PROM) memories themselves, or by reprogramming the (EPROM, EEPROM) memories. Thus, variations in behaviour of the phase shifters over time, or their replacement, can be taken into account. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne principalement des dispositifs et des procédés d'antibrouillage pour antenne réseau et radar de sensibilité réduite au brouillage.The invention relates mainly to anti-jamming devices and methods for a network antenna and radar with reduced interference sensitivity.

Il est connu pour minimiser les effets d'un brouilleur d'opposer au signal reçu par une antenne principale, un signal, convenablement pondéré, reçu par une antenne auxiliaire. Un tel dispositif est décrit dans le brevet "IF Sidelobe Canceller", US-3 202 990 déposé le 24.08.65.It is known to minimize the effects of a jammer to oppose the signal received by a main antenna, a signal, suitably weighted, received by an auxiliary antenna. Such a device is described in the patent "IF Sidelobe Canceller", US-3 202 990 filed on 24.08.65.

D'autre part il est connu de perturber la loi de phase d'un réseau rayonnant d'une antenne à balayage électronique de façon à diminuer la sensibilité de l'antenne dans des directions a priori inconnues des brouilleurs.On the other hand, it is known to disturb the phase law of a radiating array of an electronic scanning antenna so as to reduce the sensitivity of the antenna in directions a priori unknown to the jammers.

Les dispositifs connus présentent des inconvénients, notamment :

  • - la nécessité d'effectuer des calculs en temps réel, ce qui exige un calculateur rapide ;
  • - la nécessité d'avoir des antennes auxiliaires.
The known devices have drawbacks, in particular:
  • - the need to perform calculations in real time, which requires a fast calculator;
  • - the need to have auxiliary antennas.

L'invention consiste principalement à stocker les lois de phase désirées d'une antenne réseau dans des mémoires. Les lois de phase étant choisies l'invention est particulièrement intéressante pour créer des zones de sensibilité réduite, que l'on appellera trous dans la suite de ce brevet, dans le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne. Avantageusement les lois de phase stockées dans les mémoires tiennent compte des erreurs de quantification et/ou des propriétés propres à chaque déphaseur à commande numérique.The invention mainly consists in storing the desired phase laws of a network antenna in memories. The phase laws being chosen, the invention is particularly advantageous for creating zones of reduced sensitivity, which will be called holes in the rest of this patent, in the antenna radiation diagram. Advantageously, the phase laws stored in the memories take account of the quantization errors and / or of the properties specific to each phase-shifter with digital control.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éviter les inconvénients du dispositif de l'art antérieur. De plus il est facile de créer plusieurs trous et ainsi d'obtenir le rejet simultané de nombreux parasites tels que brouilleurs ou échos de sol.The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the device of the prior art. In addition, it is easy to create several holes and thus obtain the simultaneous rejection of numerous parasites such as jammers or ground echoes.

Le dispositif selon l'invention s'adapte facilement à tous radars comportant une antenne réseau par exemple aux radars de poursuite aussi bien qu'aux radars de veille.The device according to the invention easily adapts to all radars comprising a network antenna, for example to tracking radars as well as standby speed cameras.

L'invention a principalement pour objet un procédé d'antibrouillage pour antenne réseau, caractérisé par le fait que l'on stocke dans des mémoires des lois de phase comportant des zones de sensibilité réduite dans le diagramme de rayonnement ; lorsque des brouilleurs sont détectés on utilise la loi de phase du réseau pour laquelle les directions de sensibilité réduite correspondent aux directions des brouilleurs détectés.The main object of the invention is an anti-jamming method for a network antenna, characterized in that phase laws are stored in memories comprising zones of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram; when jammers are detected, the network phase law is used for which the directions of reduced sensitivity correspond to the directions of the detected jammers.

L'invention a encore pour objet une antenne réseau comportant des mémoires dans lesquelles sont stockées des lois de phase désirées du réseau, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites lois du réseau créent des zones de sensibilité réduite dans le diagramme de rayonnement.The invention also relates to a network antenna comprising memories in which are stored desired phase laws of the network, characterized in that said network laws create zones of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram.

L'invention sera mieux comprise au moyen de la description ci-après et des figures annexées données comme des exemples non limitatifs parmi lesquels :

  • - la figure 1, est une vue d'une première réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 2, est une vue d'une seconde réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood by means of the description below and the appended figures given as nonlimiting examples among which:
  • - Figure 1, is a view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Sur les figures 1 et 2 on a utilisé les mêmes références pour désigner les mêmes éléments.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the same references have been used to designate the same elements.

Sur la figure 1, on peut voir une antenne réseau selon l'invention. L'antenne comporte un dispositif d'alimentation 3 en énergie hyperfréquence, connecté à une série de n déphaseurs 21 à 2n eux-mêmes connectés à n éléments rayonnants 1I à ln. Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures les éléments rayonnants sont des hélices, étant bien entendu que d'autres éléments rayonnants comme par exemple les bougies, les cornets, les dipôles ou les réseaux linéaires ne sortent pas du cadre de la présente invention. Les déphaseurs à 21 à 2n sont connectés à une mémoire 4. La mémoire 4 est connectée à un circuit d'adressage 6 par un bus d'adresse 5. Le circuit d'adressage 6 est connecté à un calculateur 8 par un bus 7. La mémoire 4 est par exemple du type mémoire morte programmable (PROM en terminologie anglo-saxonne), mémoire morte reprogrammable ou électriquement reprogrammable (EPROM ou EEPROM en terminologie anglo-saxonne). Dans la mémoire 4 sont stockées les lois de phase que l'on désire obtenir avec l'antenne selon l'invention. Ainsi, on peut stocker dans la mémoire 4 des trous d'un diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne, de façon à minimiser les effets de réceptions parasites. Les réceptions parasites peuvent provenir des échos parasites (clutter en terminologie anglo-saxonne) ou de brouilleurs ennemis.In Figure 1, we can see a network antenna according to the invention. The antenna comprises a device 3 for supplying microwave energy, connected to a series of n phase shifters 21 to 2n themselves connected to n radiating elements 1I to ln. In the example illustrated in the figures, the radiating elements are helices, it being understood that other radiating elements such as, for example, candles, horns, dipoles or linear networks, do not depart from the scope of the present invention. The phase shifters at 21 to 2n are connected to a memory 4. The memory 4 is connected to an addressing circuit 6 by an address bus 5. The addressing circuit 6 is connected to a computer 8 by a bus 7. Memory 4 is for example of the program read only memory type. Mable (PROM in English terminology), reprogrammable or electrically reprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or EEPROM in English terminology). In the memory 4 are stored the phase laws which it is desired to obtain with the antenna according to the invention. Thus, it is possible to store in the memory 4 holes of an antenna radiation diagram, so as to minimize the effects of parasitic reception. Parasitic receptions can come from parasitic echoes (clutter in English terminology) or from enemy jammers.

Dans une première réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, les trous sont placés aux endroits où l'on s'attend à avoir du clutter ou des brouilleurs, par exemple à l'horizon.In a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, the holes are placed at the places where one expects to have clutter or jammers, for example on the horizon.

Dans une seconde variante de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, on stocke diverses lois de phase dans la mémoire 4 et on choisi à l'aide du calculateur 8 la loi de phase optimale pour la situation présente.In a second alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention, various phase laws are stored in memory 4 and the optimal phase law for the present situation is chosen using the computer 8.

Au cas où les déphaseurs 21 à 2n sont à commandes analogiques on intercale entre la mémoire 4 et les déphaseurs 21 à 2n des convertisseurs numérique-analogique.In the case where the phase shifters 21 to 2n are with analog controls, there is interposed between the memory 4 and the phase shifters 21 to 2n of the digital-analog converters.

Le fait de stocker les lois de phase désirées dans une mémoire 4 permet d'éviter les calculs en temps réel de ces lois de phase. De plus ces calculs ne sont effectués qu'une fois. Avantageusement, les lois de phase calculées tiennent compte des erreurs de quantification dues à l'emploi des déphaseurs à commande numérique par exemple à cinq bits. Avantageusement les valeurs stockées en mémoire 4 tiennent compte des déphasages réels obtenus avec chaque déphaseur et des réponses propres de chaque déphaseur utilisé. Ainsi au cas où l'on remplacerait un ou plusieurs déphaseurs par suite de défaillance par exemple, on remplace les valeurs contenues en mémoire 4, ou la mémoire 4 elle-même.Storing the desired phase laws in a memory 4 makes it possible to avoid real-time calculations of these phase laws. In addition, these calculations are carried out only once. Advantageously, the calculated phase laws take account of the quantization errors due to the use of phase-shifters with digital control, for example five bits. Advantageously, the values stored in memory 4 take account of the real phase shifts obtained with each phase shifter and the proper responses of each phase shifter used. Thus in the case where one or more phase shifters are replaced as a result of failure for example, the values contained in memory 4, or memory 4 itself, are replaced.

Si par exemple on veut obtenir un trou dans un diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne, on superpose à la loi de quantification une loi impaire ce qui minimise les pertes. Pour tenir compte des comportements individuels des déphaseurs on fait varier la valeur de commande, successivement pour chaque déphaseur d'une ou plusieurs valeurs, et on retient pour chacun d'eux la valeur qui s'approche le plus du résultat désiré.If for example we want to obtain a hole in a radiation pattern of the antenna, we superimpose on the law of quantification an odd law which minimizes losses. To take into account the individual behaviors of the phase shifters, the value of control, successively for each phase shifter of one or more values, and we retain for each of them the value which most closely approximates the desired result.

Sur la figure 2, on peut voir une réalisation de l'invention comportant une première mémoire 33 dans laquelle sont stockées, par exemple les lois de phase de l'antenne réseau et une mémoire 34 dans laquelle sont stockées les corrections nécessaires en vue du résultat désiré.In FIG. 2, an embodiment of the invention can be seen comprising a first memory 33 in which are stored, for example the phase laws of the network antenna and a memory 34 in which the corrections necessary for the result are stored longed for.

Un calculateur 8 commande par l'intermédiaire d'un bus 7 un circuit d'adressage 6. Le circuit d'adressage 6 commande la lecture des mémoires 33 et 34 par des bus d'adresses respectivement 39 et 38. Aux adresses transmises par le circuit d'adressage 6 est stockée dans les mémoires 33 et 34 la valeur numérique de commande d'un déphaseur correspondant à un pointage du faisceau radar. Un calculateur 8 est connecté à des bus de données 7, 36, 37 et 35 respectivement à un circuit d'adressage 6, une mémoire 33, une mémoire 34 et à l'interface avec un opérateur. Le circuit d'adressage 6 est connecté aux mémoires 33 et 34 respectivement par les bus d'adresse 39 et 38. La mémoire 33 est connectée à un circuit additionneur 9 par un bus de donnée 10, le circuit d'adressage 6 est connecté à l'additionneur 9 par un bus 31 la mémoire 34 est reliée à l'additionneur 9 par un bus de donnée 32, l'additionneur 9 est connecté à un ensemble de déphaseurs 21 à 2n. D'autre part les déphaseurs 21 à 2n sont alimentés en énergie hyperfréquence par un dispositif d'alimentation 3. Le dispositif d'alimentation 3 est par exemple une poutre comportant un guide d'onde. Les déphaseurs 21 à 2n prélèvent l'énergie hyperfréquence dans le guide d'onde grâce à des coupleurs non représentés sur la figure. Les déphaseurs 21 à 2n sont connectés aux éléments rayonnants respectivement Il à ln.A computer 8 controls an addressing circuit 6 via a bus 7. The addressing circuit 6 controls the reading of memories 33 and 34 by address buses 39 and 38 respectively. At the addresses transmitted by the addressing circuit 6 is stored in memories 33 and 34 the digital control value of a phase shifter corresponding to a pointing of the radar beam. A computer 8 is connected to data buses 7, 36, 37 and 35 respectively to an addressing circuit 6, a memory 33, a memory 34 and to the interface with an operator. The addressing circuit 6 is connected to the memories 33 and 34 respectively by the address buses 39 and 38. The memory 33 is connected to an adder circuit 9 by a data bus 10, the addressing circuit 6 is connected to the adder 9 by a bus 31 the memory 34 is connected to the adder 9 by a data bus 32, the adder 9 is connected to a set of phase shifters 21 to 2n. On the other hand the phase shifters 21 to 2n are supplied with microwave energy by a supply device 3. The supply device 3 is for example a beam comprising a waveguide. The phase shifters 21 to 2n take the microwave energy from the waveguide using couplers not shown in the figure. The phase shifters 21 to 2n are connected to the radiating elements respectively Il to ln.

Dans une première réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention illustrée sur les figures, les valeurs numériques de commande des déphaseurs sont envoyées à un déphaseur, par exemple le déphaseur 21 et se propagent de proche en proche jusqu'au déphaseur 2n. Il est alors avantageux d'introduire les valeurs numériques de commande des déphaseurs avec un cycle d'émission d'avance. Ainsi simultanément à l'émission d'énergie hyperfréquence se propagent de proche en proche entre les déphaseurs 21 à 2n les valeurs numériques de commande nécessaires au cycle d'émission suivant.In a first embodiment of the device according to the invention illustrated in the figures, the digital control values of the phase shifters are sent to a phase shifter, for example the phase shifter 21 and propagate gradually to the phase shifter 2n. It is therefore advantageous to enter the numerical control values phase shifters with an advance transmission cycle. Thus, simultaneously with the transmission of microwave energy, the digital control values necessary for the following transmission cycle propagate step by step between the phase shifters 21 to 2n.

Dans une deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de multiplexage non illustré est connecté d'une part à l'additionneur 9 et d'autre part aux déphaseurs 21 à 2n. Ce dispositif aiguille chaque valeur de commande vers le déphaseur auquel elle est destinée.In a second variant embodiment of the invention, a multiplexing device not shown is connected on the one hand to the adder 9 and on the other hand to the phase shifters 21 to 2n. This device directs each command value to the phase shifter for which it is intended.

Dans une troisième variante du dispositif selon l'invention, un ensemble 40, comportant les mémoires 33 et 34, le circuit d'adressage 6, l'additionneur 9, et leurs interconnexions est associé à chaque déphaseur 21 à 2n. Un opérateur désirant obtenir un pointage du faisceau d'énergie hyperfréquence avec éventuellement des corrections dans la forme du faisceau envoie un ordre au calculateur 8 par le bus de donné 35. Le calculateur 8 choisit les adresses auxquelles, en mémoires 33 et 34, sont stockées les valeurs de commande numérique des déphaseurs 21 à 2n.In a third variant of the device according to the invention, an assembly 40, comprising the memories 33 and 34, the addressing circuit 6, the adder 9, and their interconnections is associated with each phase shifter 21 to 2n. An operator wishing to obtain a pointing of the microwave energy beam with possibly corrections in the shape of the beam sends an order to the computer 8 by the data bus 35. The computer 8 chooses the addresses at which, in memories 33 and 34, are stored the numerical control values of the phase shifters 21 to 2n.

Dans un premier exemple de réalisation, la somme des valeurs contenues dans la mémoire 33 et des valeurs contenues en mémoire 34 est égale à la valeur de commande à appliquer à un des déphaseurs 21 à 2n.In a first embodiment, the sum of the values contained in memory 33 and the values contained in memory 34 is equal to the control value to be applied to one of the phase shifters 21 to 2n.

Dans un second exemple de réalisation de l'invention, les bits de poids fort (MSB en terminologie anglo-saxonne) sont stockés dans une mémoire, la mémoire 33 par exemple, les bits de poids faibles (LSB en terminologie anglo-saxonne) sont stockés dans l'autre mémoire i.e. la mémoire 34.In a second example embodiment of the invention, the most significant bits (MSB in English terminology) are stored in a memory, memory 33 for example, the least significant bits (LSB in English terminology) are stored in the other memory, ie memory 34.

Le fait de partager l'information concernant la valeur de commande numérique d'un déphaseur entre deux mémoires 33 et 34 facilite la correction de ces valeurs. Les mémoires 33 et 34 ne sont pas nécessairement du même type. Par exemple la mémoire 33 est une mémoire morte programmable (EROM en terminologie anglo-saxonne) alors que la mémoire 34 est une mémoire morte électriquement reprogrammable (EEPROM en terminologie anglo-saxonne).Sharing information concerning the digital control value of a phase shifter between two memories 33 and 34 facilitates the correction of these values. The memories 33 and 34 are not necessarily of the same type. For example the memory 33 is a programmable read only memory (EROM in English terminology) while the memory 34 is an electrically reprogrammable read only memory (EEPROM in English terminology).

Ainsi dans le premier exemple de réalisation on stocke dans la mémoire 33 le diagramme de rayonnement désiré y compris des trous dans ces diagrammes. Quand des brouilleurs ont été détectés par l'antenne selon l'invention ou par une antenne auxiliaire (non représentée sur la figure), le calculateur 8 choisit un diagramme de rayonnement dans lequel les trous correspondent aux directions desdits brouilleurs. Un cas fréquent correspond aux brouilleurs éloignés dits Stand Off, vus par l'antenne comme étant sur l'horizon. Dans ce cas il est inutile de mesurer la direction du brouilleur. Il suffit de faire correspondre au site de l'horizon, 0° un trou dans un diagramme de rayonnement.Thus in the first exemplary embodiment, the desired radiation diagram is stored in the memory 33, including holes in these diagrams. When jammers have been detected by the antenna according to the invention or by an auxiliary antenna (not shown in the figure), the computer 8 chooses a radiation diagram in which the holes correspond to the directions of said jammers. A frequent case corresponds to distant jammers known as Stand Off, seen by the antenna as being on the horizon. In this case it is useless to measure the direction of the jammer. It is enough to correspond to the site of the horizon, 0 ° a hole in a radiation diagram.

La mémoire 34 contient des corrections dues au comportement individuel des déphaseurs. L'utilisation des mémoires mortes électriquement reprogrammables (EEPROM) permet un changement rapide du contenu de cette mémoire, suite par exemple, à un changement d'un déphaseur défaillant.The memory 34 contains corrections due to the individual behavior of the phase shifters. The use of electrically reprogrammable read-only memories (EEPROM) allows a quick change of the content of this memory, following for example, a change of a faulty phase shifter.

Dans le second exemple de réalisation, en mémoire 33 sont stockés les diagrammes de rayonnement de l'antenne sans les trous, tandis qu'en mémoire 34 sont stockées les corrections dues à la quantification des déphaseurs à commande numérique, les corrections dues au comportement individuel des déphaseurs ainsi que les corrections permettant de générer des trous dans le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne. En cas de défaillance d'un déphaseur on reprogramme ou remplace la mémoire 34. Le calculateur 9 reçoit par le bus 35 les valeurs concernant le comportement du nouveau déphaseur et lit grâce par le bus 36 la mémoire 33. La mémoire 34 est programmée par l'intermédiaire du bus 37. Un dispositif de stockage d'informations en mémoire 34 est adapté à la nature physique de cette mémoire.In the second exemplary embodiment, in memory 33 are stored the radiation patterns of the antenna without the holes, while in memory 34 are stored the corrections due to the quantization of the digitally controlled phase shifters, the corrections due to the individual behavior phase shifters as well as the corrections making it possible to generate holes in the radiation pattern of the antenna. In the event of failure of a phase shifter, the memory 34 is reprogrammed or replaced. The computer 9 receives via the bus 35 the values relating to the behavior of the new phase shifter and through the bus 36 reads the memory 33. The memory 34 is programmed by the bus 37. An information storage device in memory 34 is adapted to the physical nature of this memory.

L'utilisation pour la mémoire 33 et/ou 34 de mémoire de type mémoire morte (ROM en terminologie anglo-saxonne) ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention.The use for memory 33 and / or 34 of read-only memory (ROM in English terminology) does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Les trous créés avec les dispositifs selon l'invention ont par exemple une profondeur de 50 dB pour une antenne comportant 50 éléments rayonnants. Le rapport signal-bruit est amélioré de 15 dB.The holes created with the devices according to the invention have for example a depth of 50 dB for an antenna comprising 50 radiant elements. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 15 dB.

Avantageusement le dispositif selon la présente invention comporte des moyens (non illustrés) de détection des directions de brouilleurs.Advantageously, the device according to the present invention comprises means (not shown) for detecting the directions of jammers.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux radars à balayage électronique.The invention applies in particular to radar with electronic scanning.

Claims (10)

1. Procédé d'antibrouillage pour antenne réseau, caractérisé par le fait que l'on stocke dans des mémoires (4, 33, 34) des lois de phase comportant des zones de sensibilité réduite dans le diagramme de rayonnement ; lorsque des brouilleurs sont détectés on utilise la loi de phase du réseau pour laquelle les directions de sensibilité réduite correspondent aux directions des brouilleurs détectés.1. An anti-jamming method for a network antenna, characterized in that phase laws comprising areas of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram are stored in memories (4, 33, 34); when jammers are detected, the network phase law is used for which the directions of reduced sensitivity correspond to the directions of the detected jammers. 2. Antenne réseau comportant des mémoires (4, 33, 34) dans lesquelles sont stockées des lois de phase désirées du réseau, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites lois du réseau créent des zones de sensibilité réduite dans le diagramme de rayonnement.2. Network antenna comprising memories (4, 33, 34) in which are stored desired phase laws of the network, characterized in that said network laws create zones of reduced sensitivity in the radiation diagram. 3. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte une première mémoire 33 dans laquelle sont stockées les lois de phase du réseau et une seconde mémoire 34 dans laquelle sont stockées les corrections désirées de ces lois de phase.3. Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a first memory 33 in which the phase laws of the network are stored and a second memory 34 in which the desired corrections of these phase laws are stored. 4. Antenne réseau, selon la revendication 3, comportant des déphaseurs, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte un additionneur 9 effectuant la somme des valeurs contenues dans la mémoire 33 et la mémoire 34, ladite somme étant égale à la valeur de commande d'un des déphaseurs.4. network antenna according to claim 3, comprising phase shifters, characterized in that it comprises an adder 9 carrying out the sum of the values contained in the memory 33 and the memory 34, said sum being equal to the command value d 'one of the phase shifters. 5. Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que les bits de poids fort (MSB) sont stockés dans une mémoire (33), les bits de poids faible (LSB) sont stockés dans l'autre mémoire (34).5. Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the most significant bits (MSB) are stored in one memory (33), the least significant bits (LSB) are stored in the other memory (34). 6. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisée par le fait que dans les mémoires (4, 33, 34) sont stockées des lois de phase créant des zones de sensibilité réduites au niveau de l'horizon.6. Antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that in the memories (4, 33, 34) are stored phase laws creating zones of reduced sensitivity at the horizon. 7. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisée par le fait que les mémoires (4, 33, 34) comportent des mémoires mortes programmables (PROM).7. Antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the memories (4, 33, 34) include programmable read only memories (PROM). 8. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisée par le fait que les mémoires (4, 33, 34) comportent des mémoires mortes reprogrammables (EPROM).8. An antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the memories (4, 33, 34) include reprogrammable read only memories (EPROM). 9. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisée par le fait que les mémoires (4, 33, 34) comportent des mémoires mortes reprogrammables électriquement (EEPROM).9. An antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the memories (4, 33, 34) include electrically reprogrammable read only memories (EEPROM). 10. Radar, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9 associée à des moyens de détection de la direction des brouilleurs.10. Radar, characterized in that it comprises an antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 9 associated with means for detecting the direction of the jammers.
EP19850400338 1984-02-24 1985-02-22 Antenna array and radar with a low jamming sensitivity Expired - Lifetime EP0160581B1 (en)

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FR8402859 1984-02-24
FR8402859A FR2560447B1 (en) 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 NETWORK ANTENNA AND RADAR OF REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERENCE

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EP0160581B1 EP0160581B1 (en) 1991-08-07

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EP0357165A2 (en) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Phase shift data transfer system for phased array antenna apparatuses
EP0367167A2 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller
EP0417689A2 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-20 Nec Corporation Phased array antenna with temperature compensating capability
GB2328320A (en) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-17 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Adaptive phased array antenna with weight memory
FR2888672A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-01-19 Mat Equipement Soc Par Actions ANTENNA WITH INCLINATION ANGLE AND CONFORMATION OF THE ADJUSTABLE RADIATION LOBE

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EP0357165A2 (en) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Phase shift data transfer system for phased array antenna apparatuses
EP0357165A3 (en) * 1988-08-31 1991-03-13 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Phase shift data transfer system for phased array antenna apparatuses
EP0367167A2 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller
EP0367167A3 (en) * 1988-10-31 1991-03-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller
EP0417689A2 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-20 Nec Corporation Phased array antenna with temperature compensating capability
EP0417689A3 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-07-03 Nec Corporation Phased array antenna with temperature compensating capability
GB2328320A (en) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-17 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Adaptive phased array antenna with weight memory
GB2328320B (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-03-15 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Adaptive phased array antenna using weighting memory unit
FR2888672A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-01-19 Mat Equipement Soc Par Actions ANTENNA WITH INCLINATION ANGLE AND CONFORMATION OF THE ADJUSTABLE RADIATION LOBE
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WO2007010164A3 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-04-12 Jaybeam Wireless Sas Antenna with adjustable radiating lobe configuration

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FR2560447B1 (en) 1988-04-08
EP0160581B1 (en) 1991-08-07
FR2560447A1 (en) 1985-08-30
DE3583696D1 (en) 1991-09-12

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