EP0160242B1 - Reflektorlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme, insbesondere zur effektvollen Beleuchtung von Bauten geeignet - Google Patents

Reflektorlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme, insbesondere zur effektvollen Beleuchtung von Bauten geeignet Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0160242B1
EP0160242B1 EP85104349A EP85104349A EP0160242B1 EP 0160242 B1 EP0160242 B1 EP 0160242B1 EP 85104349 A EP85104349 A EP 85104349A EP 85104349 A EP85104349 A EP 85104349A EP 0160242 B1 EP0160242 B1 EP 0160242B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
arc tube
iodide
lighting
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85104349A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0160242A1 (de
Inventor
Sriram Srikantia
Gilbert Henry Reiling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP0160242A1 publication Critical patent/EP0160242A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160242B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160242B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/025—Associated optical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/107—Outdoor lighting of the exterior of buildings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the general field of lamps, more particularly, to an improved reflector lamp having a metal halide light source providing desired beam patterns, improved efficacy and increased life.
  • US-A-4,345,178 refers to a high intensity reflector lamp comprising a parabolic aluminised reflector and an arc tube supported in said reflector, said arc tube comprising two thermionic electrodes sealed in opposite ends thereof and a fill including argon, mercury and metal halide, said arc tube being furthermore disposed at about the focus of the reflector, perpendicularly to the axis of the reflector.
  • Reflector lamps used for floodlighting desire an intense compact light source so as to achieve an improved beam control or focusing ability. It is desired that the intensity of the light source for such reflector lamps for the architectural application be further increased.
  • aesthetics are an important consideration. The obtainment of aesthetic effects is commonly accomplished by incandescent lighting.
  • incandescent light sources are known to be relatively inefficient devices and exterior architectural lighting utilizing incandescent devices had been reduced substantially especially since the public awareness of electrical energy shortage grew and the desire became apparent for the nation to conserve energy.
  • the rapidly rising cost of electrical energy has also contributed to the reduction of exterior architectural lighting. It is desired to provide light sources more efficient than that of the incandescent source while still providing warm incandescent colors particularly beneficial to architectural lighting.
  • incandescent light color temperature which is particularly difficult to obtain for relatively high efficient lighting devices such as discharge lamps.
  • the difficulty is primarily caused by the fact that increased wall temperatures of the arc tubes serving as the light source of the discharge lamps which lower the color temperature of the discharge lamps toward that of incandescent type color, result in a decreased anticipated life of the discharge lamp itself.
  • the increased wall temperatures typically cause devitrification of fused silica walls of the arc tube which decrease the operating life of the arc tube.
  • the present invention provides for a relatively high efficacy lighting device having an arc tube specially formulated to have a warm incandescent color without any major difficulty presented by increased wall temperatures.
  • the lighting sources for architectural lighting are desired to be small and compact and placed in a location where they cannot be seen. That is, the exterior of the building are desired to be illuminated with light sources which are to be hidden from view in order to not disturb the aesthetics of the surroundings of the buildings. It is desired that the size of the fixture housing the light source be small so that the placement of the fixture does not disturb the viewer or the environment.
  • the present invention provides relatively small fixtures having contained therein the light source allowing location in such a manner as to preserve the aesthetics of the environment and inhibit unwanted distraction of the viewer.
  • a further consideration related to the arrangement of the light fixture is the desired beam pattern developed by the light source and the fixture.
  • For architectural illumination it is desired to mount the light source in the respective reflector unit in such a way that asymmetrical beam patterns are produced which allows for architectural illumination to overlap the beam patterns in order to maintain a smooth illuminance coverage as well as highlighting building features.
  • overlapping illumination allows that the loss of one lighting device does not leave a dark spot on the exterior of the building being illuminated.
  • the present invention provides for such asymmetrical beam patterns.
  • the present invention provides relatively low wattage devices while still allowing architectural illumination having desired light levels for overlapping.
  • reflector lamps used in floodlighting applications such as architectural lighting
  • a major contributor to the efficacy, beam pattern, and light intensity is the light source itself. If the overall efficiency of light source is increased, then such an increase improves the efficacy, beam pattern, and light intensity characteristics of reflector lamps.
  • the present invention provides a fairly compact metal halide light source having an anticipated life intermediate between a compact light sources of the stage and studio lamps (100 to 500 hours) and the larger light sources for general illumination (15,000 hours).
  • the light sources of the present invention allows its use in a compact reflector to develop narrow beam patterns, yet at the same time yielding a life suitable for architectural illumination.
  • object of the present invention is to provide an improved reflector lamp particularly suitable for architectural lighting having: (1) improved beam control; (2) improved efficacy; (3) improved intensity; (4) a warm incandescent color; (5) a relatively long anticipated life; (6) a relatively small housing; and (7) capable of developing overlapping, smooth coverage and highlighting illumination.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a reflector lamp 10 particularly suitable for architectural lighting and having a concave shape of a parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) lamp of the commonly known type PAR 64.
  • PAR parabolic aluminized reflector
  • the reflector lamp 10 has a concave reflector 12 preferably having a lens 14 mated at the front entrance of reflector 12 at a rim 16 along a plane 18.
  • the primary purpose of lens 14 is to spread the reflected and directed light emitted by a compact light source 20 more effectively into a desired beam pattern.
  • the lens 14 is placed to seal against the reflector rim 16 so as to protect and keep clean the reflective surfaces of the reflector 12.
  • the sealing of the lens 14 to the rim 16 provides a clean environment for a suitable fill- gas, such as nitrogen, for which the compact light source may preferably operate within.
  • the reflector 12 may be of a molded glass and its inner surfaces may be coated with aluminum, silver, dichroic heat-transmitting film, or other reflective material so as to provide spectral surfaces.
  • the opposite ends of the compact light source 20 are respectively connected to the inleads 22 and 24 of an extended mogul end prong 26 formed of a mica material, by means of inleads 28 and 30 of the light source 20.
  • the reflective surfaces of the reflector 12 are preferably connected by appropriate means, such as a spot weld 32, which, in turn, is connected to a node 34 of serial arrangement of a capacitor C1 and diode D1 schematically shown in FIG. 1 and to be described hereinafter.
  • the compact light source 20 has a midsection 36 (shown in FIG. 2) which for one embodiment of the present invention is positioned substantially at the focal point of the concave reflector 12 and perpendicular to the axis of the concave reflector 12.
  • the compact light source 20 is shown in detail in FIG. 2 as a front view illustrating lamp 10.
  • the light source 20 is a double-ended arc tube comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of fused silica, mullite and alumina.
  • the arc tube 20 designed to operate at 400 watts, has a length of about 70 mm, a width of about 18 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • the arc tube 20 has at opposite sealed ends. a pair of main or primary discharge supporting electrodes 38 and 40.
  • the primary electrode 38 is connected to the inlead 28 by means of an inlead 42 and a molybdenum foil portion 44.
  • the primary discharge electrode 40 is connected to he inlead 30 by means of an inlead 46 and a molybdenum foil portion 48.
  • the arc tube 20 contains an inert gas, preferably argon, at a pressure in the range of about 20 torr to about 150 torr.
  • the arc tube 20 further contains a mercury vapor in the range of 45 mg to 65 mg effective to establish an A.C. operating voltage for the arc tube in the range from about 100 volts to about 150 volts.
  • the arc tube 20 further comprises a halide which develops a vapor during operation.
  • the halide is selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, scandium iodide, thorium iodide, cadmium iodide and mixtures of the selected halide iodide.
  • the selected halide iodide and the selected halide iodide mixture may also include an excess metal such as cadmium.
  • the halide is preferably selected as a compound sodium iodide including cadmium.
  • a compact light source such as arc tube 20
  • arc tube 20 for architectural lighting that provides a warm incandescent light color temperature.
  • the obtainment of an incandescent-like color for arc tube containing a metal halide, such as arc tube 20 usually requires undesired high wall temperatures of the arc tube, which, in turn, decreases the operating life of the arc tube and the lamp itself.
  • the arc tube 20 provides an incandescent-like color without drastically elevating the wall temperatures of the arc tube which would lead to decreased life.
  • This is primarily achieved by the particularly advantageous group of metal halides given above, including the compound sodium iodide, in combination with the use of cadmium which additionally lowers the color temperature nearer to incandescent.
  • the metal halide and cadmium have typical respective percentage weight ratios of about 40 and about 1. The combination of these features not only achieves the desired color, but also increases the efficacy of the light source with only a relatively small reduction in the useful life.
  • A.C. operating voltage of the arc tube 20 is Another factor of the present invention related to useful life of the lamp 10.
  • This operating voltage is primarily determined by the amount of mercury contained in the arc tube 20.
  • the desired operating voltage range is about 100 volts to about 150 volts.
  • the amount of mercury vapor contained in the arc tube 20, designed to operate at 400 watts, is in the range of about 45 mg to about 65 mg.
  • High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps such as lamp 10 of FIG. 1, using sodium iodide as one of the constituents of the dose, such as arc tube 10 of FIG. 2, typically experiences a problem of diffusion of the sodium through the quartz envelope of the arc tube, particularly when large amounts of metallic surfaces are present near the arc tube such as shown in FIG. 2 for reflector 12.
  • this problem is substantially overcome by ensuring that the metal reflector 12 is positively biased by the serial arrangement of the diode D1 and capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the arc tube as shown in FIG. 1.
  • serially arranged diode D1 and capacitor C1 having a typical value of .05 microfarads result in a substantial reduction of photoelectrons emitted from the reflective surfaces of reflector 12 which are one of the primary contributors to the sodium losses of the arc tube 20.
  • Experimental tests conducted in the practice of this invention showed a prevention of sodium loss which was sufficient to ensure a 2000 to 4000 anticipated life for the reflector lamp 10 of the present invention.
  • the lamp 10 embodying the arc tube 20 of the present invention provides an efficacy of 110 lumens per watt at a color corrected (C.C.T.) of about 3500°K which substantially lies on the black body curve. Further, the lamp 10 having the arc tube 20 operated at an A.C. voltage in the range of about 100 volts to about 150 volts provide relatively low wattage reflector lamp 10 in the range of about 80 to about 400 watts.
  • the reflector lamp 10 of FIG. 2 having the improved compact light source 20 of FIG. 1 provides a warm incandescent color and a relatively long anticipated life.
  • the relatively low wattage reflector lamp 10 comprising the compact light source 20 containing the filling and dimensions noted above, is particularly suitable for certain applications for architectural lighting related to the present invention.
  • a further feature of the present invention which results in a particular advantage is the compact size of the reflector 12, having a configuration , such as that of a PAR 64 reflector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the PAR 64 reflector lamp of FIGS. 1 and 2 is of a small compact size particularly when compared to the size of buildings illuminated by architectural lighting. That is, the fact that the light source 20 and the reflector 12 are arranged in one assembly 10, hermetically sealed from the deleterious elements of the atmosphere, allows the lamp 10 to be placed inconspicuously on low railings or parapets of the building being illuminated.
  • Another advantageous feature is the asymmetrical geometry of the metal halide light source 20 of the present invention.
  • the asymmetrical geometry of the light source 20 forms a glowing arc which is longer than it is wide.
  • This asymmetric geometry results in an elongated beam pattern transmitted by the reflector lamp 10 which is desirable for architectural lighting related to our invention.
  • the elongated beam pattern of this invention shown in Figure 3 as illuminating a portion of the exterior of a building, allows for aesthetic effects through overlapping and highlighting features of the building being illuminated.
  • FIG. 3 shows a portion 50 of the exterior of a building formed of limestone bricks 52 particularly suitable for the warm incandescent color of the architectural lighting of the present invention.
  • the portion 50 shown in FIG. 3 is illuminated by a plurality of elongated, overlapping, smooth covering, highlighting, and contoured beam patterns 54A, 54 8 , through 54 N transmitted from a plurality of lamps 10 inconspicuously lodged at the parapets of the building being illuminated.
  • the illuminating beam pattern 54A can be directed to the location of the portion 50 of the building desired to be illuminated, whereas, beam patterns 54 B through 54 N can be directed to overlap beam pattern 54A so as to provide overlapping, highlighting, and contoured illumination of the building.
  • the reflector lamp 10 of the present invention having relatively small dimensions for suitable lodging in locations proximate to the building or on the building desired to be illuminated provides for overlapping, contouring and highlighting architectural features.
  • the practice of the present invention having the intense compact light source 20 having a relatively long anticipated life such as between 2000 to about 4000 hours may provide for indoor and outdoor floodlighting applications including sports lighting.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Reflektorlampe, insbesondere geeignet für Raumbeleuchtung, umfassend einen aluminierten konkaven Parabolreflektor mit einer reflektierenden Oberfläche, ein Entladungsrohr, das starr innerhalb des Reflektors gehalten ist und zwei thermionische Elektroden aufweist, die in die gegenüberliegenden Rohrenden dicht eingelassen sind, wobei das Entladungsrohr weiter ein Inertgas, Quecksilberdampf im Bereich von etwa 45 mg bis etwa 65 mg zum Einrichten einer Betriebs-Wechselspannung für das Entladungsrohr im Bereich von etwa 100 Volt bis etwa 150 Volt, ein Metallhalgenid, das während des Betriebes einen Dampf entwickelt, enthält, das Metallhalogenid ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Natriumjodid, Scandiumjodid, Cadmiumjodid, Thoriumjodid und deren Mischungen und/oder metallischem Cadmium, wobei der Mittelabschnitt des Entladungsrohres im wesentlichen im Brennpunkt des Reflektors angeordnet ist und das Entladungsrohr senkrecht zur Reflektorachse liegt, um ein langgestrecktes Strahlenmuster zu schaffen, und eine Einrichtung zum positiven Vorspannen der reflektierenden Oberfläche des Reflektors, wobei diese Einrichtung eine Reihenanordnung eines Kondensators und einer Diode umfaßt, diese Anordnung parallel mit dem Entladungsrohr geschaltet ist, der Übergang zwischen dem Kondensator und der Diode mit der reflektierenden Oberfläche verbunden ist und der Kondensator einen Kapazitätswert im Bereich von etwa 0,01 Mikrofarad bis etwa 0,1 Mikrofarad aufweist.
2. Reflektorlampe nach Anspruch 1, worin das Entladungsrohr ein doppelendiges Rohr ist und eine Länge von etwa 70 mm, eine Weite von etwa 18 mm und eine Dicke von etwa 1 mm aufweist.
3. Reflektorlampe nach Anspruch 1, worin das Entladungsrohr Natriumjodid und metallisches Cadmium enthält, wobei Natriumjodid und metallisches Cadmium jeweilige Gewichtsverhältnisse von etwa 40 zu etwa 1 aufweisen.
4. Beleuchtungssystem, umfassend mehrere Reflektorlampen gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, die derart angeordnet sind, daß sie sich überlappende, langestreckte und konturierte Strahlmuster schaffen.
EP85104349A 1984-04-19 1985-04-10 Reflektorlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme, insbesondere zur effektvollen Beleuchtung von Bauten geeignet Expired EP0160242B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60188784A 1984-04-19 1984-04-19
US601887 1984-04-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0160242A1 EP0160242A1 (de) 1985-11-06
EP0160242B1 true EP0160242B1 (de) 1989-03-01

Family

ID=24409141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85104349A Expired EP0160242B1 (de) 1984-04-19 1985-04-10 Reflektorlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme, insbesondere zur effektvollen Beleuchtung von Bauten geeignet

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0160242B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60253140A (de)
CA (1) CA1238936A (de)
DE (1) DE3568512D1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7772750B2 (en) 2006-08-24 2010-08-10 General Electric Company Large PAR lamp exhibiting excellent color with improved efficacy and life

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4637822B2 (ja) 2003-02-27 2011-02-23 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 高圧放電ランプ

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4345178A (en) * 1977-12-29 1982-08-17 Gte Products Corporation High intensity reflector lamp
GB2023339A (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-12-28 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Light source for Super 8 mm cine projector
JPS5661757A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-05-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Reflector type high-pressure metal vapor discharge lamp
US4386292A (en) * 1980-07-02 1983-05-31 Gte Products Corporation Projection lamp comprising single ended arc discharge lamp and an interference filter
DE3376922D1 (en) * 1982-11-30 1988-07-07 Emi Plc Thorn Improvements in photoprinting lamps

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7772750B2 (en) 2006-08-24 2010-08-10 General Electric Company Large PAR lamp exhibiting excellent color with improved efficacy and life

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0160242A1 (de) 1985-11-06
DE3568512D1 (en) 1989-04-06
CA1238936A (en) 1988-07-05
JPS60253140A (ja) 1985-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPH0133900B2 (de)
KR101445122B1 (ko) 높은 색 온도를 가진 방전 램프
JPS6266555A (ja) メタルハライド放電ランプ
US4978884A (en) Metal halide discharge lamp having low color temperature and improved color rendition
KR100313740B1 (ko) 광학시스템용고압금속할로겐화물방전등
US20100181892A1 (en) Lighting apparatus
CA2156472A1 (en) Metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp
EP0160242B1 (de) Reflektorlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme, insbesondere zur effektvollen Beleuchtung von Bauten geeignet
US5798612A (en) Metal-halide discharge lamp for photo-optical purposes
EP0159620B1 (de) Metallhalogenidlampe und Beleuchtungssysteme speziell geeignet für architektonische Beleuchtung
JP3307278B2 (ja) 高圧放電灯、この高圧放電灯を用いた照明光学装置、およびこの照明光学装置を用いた画像表示装置
EP1814140A1 (de) Hochleistungsleuchtstofflampe
JPH09153348A (ja) メタルハライドランプとその点灯装置および投光装置ならびにプロジェクタ装置
CA2061898C (en) Single-ended electric lamp, particularly for use in an optical system
SU1418824A1 (ru) Металлогалогенна лампа
JPH065614B2 (ja) 反射形メタルハライドランプ
JPH07220685A (ja) 反射形放電灯およびその点灯装置
JPS6149365A (ja) 反射笠つき螢光ランプ
GB2210196A (en) One-side-sealed type high intensity discharge lamp
JPS5929350A (ja) 放電灯装置
Roller Light Sources For Special Application-Metal Halide Lamps
JPS5929344A (ja) 高圧ナトリウムランプ
JPH10334851A (ja) シールドビーム形放電灯及び屋外用シールドビーム形放電灯
JPS6324542A (ja) 小型高圧金属蒸気放電灯
JPH0117231B2 (de)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860425

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870910

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3568512

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890406

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: SAIC BREVETTI S.R.L.

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19891228

Year of fee payment: 6

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19900331

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19900404

Year of fee payment: 6

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19900430

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19910410

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19911101

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19911230

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19920201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST