EP0160118A2 - Liner for a hollow or plane charge - Google Patents

Liner for a hollow or plane charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160118A2
EP0160118A2 EP84109436A EP84109436A EP0160118A2 EP 0160118 A2 EP0160118 A2 EP 0160118A2 EP 84109436 A EP84109436 A EP 84109436A EP 84109436 A EP84109436 A EP 84109436A EP 0160118 A2 EP0160118 A2 EP 0160118A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
tungsten
composite material
copper
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84109436A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0160118A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Held
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Leidig
Wilhelm A. Dipl.-Phys. Merl
Günter Ing. grad. Stempel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Metallwerke GmbH
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayerische Metallwerke GmbH
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Metallwerke GmbH, Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Bayerische Metallwerke GmbH
Publication of EP0160118A2 publication Critical patent/EP0160118A2/en
Publication of EP0160118A3 publication Critical patent/EP0160118A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/032—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the material of the liner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hollow or flat charge lining or projectile charge assignment.
  • Such explosive charges which essentially have a mostly conical cavity with a more or less large opening angle on their side directly facing the target, are known per se in numerous embodiments.
  • DE-OS 29 13 103 discloses a flat cone charge with a cavity which is provided with a metal insert which consists of an alloy which has such a high tantalum content that a density is achieved which is greater than that of the copper. Tungsten is also proposed for this alloy, as well as various other alloy metals. It has now been shown, however, that all of these copper alloys to date have a relatively insufficient homogeneity due to the widely differing properties of the metals used in terms of density and structure, which reduce the performance of the explosive charge.
  • DE-PS 27 24 036 proposes to produce an insert from a copper bismuth alloy in the pressing process. The above also applies to this proposal, too there is insufficient homogeneity here.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a lining or covering for explosives of the type mentioned, which has an improved homogeneity and thus an improved penetration.
  • the cutting performance and depth of cut of a shaped charge is a first approximation of the sum of the length of the spines at the bottom of the crater multiplied by the root of the ratio of the lining material density to the target material:
  • the invention proposes that the lining or covering be made from a composite material formed from tungsten and copper put.
  • the individual tungsten grains with a binder such. B. nickel or palladium combined with the copper to form a homogeneous structure.
  • the good elasticity of the copper is combined with the heavy particles of tungsten on the one hand to form a spike of high density and thus an optimal composite material is obtained for this purpose.
  • the proportion of tungsten is said to be between 50 and 95% and is to be produced in the desired form as a homogeneous composite material by pressing, sintering and post-pressing with the copper. It has been shown that a tungsten content of 60 to 80% results in an optimal material for many possible uses.
  • the tungsten particles are embedded in the copper as a matrix.
  • Another possibility for producing the composite material provides for tungsten and copper powder to be hot-isostatically pressed together with the binder, for example nickel or palladium, the temperature during the operation being above the melting point of the copper.
  • the binder for example nickel or palladium
  • Another method provides for mechanical pressing of pure tungsten material with suitable binders and subsequent sintering and then, in the second step, the infiltration of the copper material portion, the pressing process also producing the desired funnel or lining shape. This not only saves material but also processing time. It is also proposed to select the grain size of the tungsten for the production of the composite material in the range from 2 to 90 ⁇ . Grain sizes in the range from 30 to 60 ⁇ have proven particularly advantageous.

Abstract

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Hohlladungs- bzw. Flachladungsauskleidung und einer Projektilladungsbelegung, die aus einem Verbundmaterial von Wolfram und Kupfer hergestellt wird. Es werden Materialanteile, Korngrößen und Herstellungsverfahren aufgezeigt.The invention relates to a shaped charge or flat charge lining and a projectile charge assignment, which is produced from a composite material of tungsten and copper. Material proportions, grain sizes and manufacturing processes are shown.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Hohl- oder Flachladungsauskleidung bzw. Projektilladungsbelegung.The invention relates to a hollow or flat charge lining or projectile charge assignment.

Solche Sprengladungen, die im wesentlichen auf ihrer dem Ziel direkt zugewandten Seite einen meist kegelförmigen Hohlraum mit einem mehr oder weniger großen öffnungswinkel aufweisen, sind an sich in zahlreichen Ausführungsformen bekannt.Such explosive charges, which essentially have a mostly conical cavity with a more or less large opening angle on their side directly facing the target, are known per se in numerous embodiments.

So offenbart beispielsweise die DE-OS 29 13 103 eine Flachkegelladung mit einem Hohlraum, der mit einer Metalleinlage versehen ist, welche aus einer Legierung besteht, die einen so hohen Tantalgehalt aufweist, daß eine Dichte erzielt wird, die größer als diejenige des Kupfers ist. Auch Wolfram wird für diese Legierung vorgeschlagen sowie verschiedene andere Legierungsmetalle. Nun hat es sich aber gezeigt, daß alle diese bisherigen Kupferlegierungen aufgrund der stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der verwendeten Metalle in Dichte und Gefüge eine relativ ungenügende Homogenität aufweisen, die die Leistungsfähigkeit der Sprengladung vermindern.For example, DE-OS 29 13 103 discloses a flat cone charge with a cavity which is provided with a metal insert which consists of an alloy which has such a high tantalum content that a density is achieved which is greater than that of the copper. Tungsten is also proposed for this alloy, as well as various other alloy metals. It has now been shown, however, that all of these copper alloys to date have a relatively insufficient homogeneity due to the widely differing properties of the metals used in terms of density and structure, which reduce the performance of the explosive charge.

Nun ist es bekannt, daß die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Hohl- oder Flachladungsauskleidung einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Schnittleistung bzw. Schnittiefe ausübt, also Oberflächenrauheit, Dickenunterschiede, Oxdationsbeläge etc. unerwünscht sind. Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen und für die genannten Zwecke ein leicht bearbeitbares Material zu erhalten, schlägt die DE-PS 27 24 036 vor, im Preßverfahren eine Einlage aus einer Kupfer-Wismut-Legierung herzustellen. Auch für diesen Vorschlag trifft das vorstehend Gesagte zu, auch hier ist die Homogenität nicht ausreichend gegeben.It is now known that the surface condition of the hollow or flat charge lining has a considerable influence on the cutting performance or depth of cut, that is to say that surface roughness, differences in thickness, oxidation coatings etc. are undesirable. In order to remedy this and to obtain an easily machinable material for the purposes mentioned, DE-PS 27 24 036 proposes to produce an insert from a copper bismuth alloy in the pressing process. The above also applies to this proposal, too there is insufficient homogeneity here.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Auskleidung oder Belegung für Sprengstoffe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die eine verbesserte Homogenität und damit eine verbesserte Durchschlagsleistung aufweist.The present invention has for its object to provide a lining or covering for explosives of the type mentioned, which has an improved homogeneity and thus an improved penetration.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen in überraschend zuverlässiger Weise gelöst. In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung werden Ausführungsbeispiele abgehandelt und erläutert.This object is achieved in a surprisingly reliable manner by the measures proposed in the claims. Exemplary embodiments are dealt with and explained in the following description.

Die Schnittleistung und Schnittiefe einer Hohlladung ergibt sich in erster Näherung aus der Summe der Stachellänge am Kratergrund multipliziert mit der Wurzel aus dem Verhältnis der Auskleidungsmaterialdichte zum Zielmaterial:

Figure imgb0001
The cutting performance and depth of cut of a shaped charge is a first approximation of the sum of the length of the spines at the bottom of the crater multiplied by the root of the ratio of the lining material density to the target material:
Figure imgb0001

Aus dieser Formel resultiert nun, daß durch Verwendung eines schweren Metalls, wie z.B. Wolfram mit der Kristalldichte 19,2 g/cm3 eine erheblich bessere Tiefenleistung gegenüber dem Kupfer mit der Dichte 8,9 g/cm erzielt werden kann. Nun läßt sich reines Wolfram-Material nicht als homogene Auskleidung in den erforderlichen Wandstärken von 0,5 bis 3 mm verarbeiten. Deshalb wurden Wolfram-Kupfer-Legierungen vorgeschlagen. Aber auch diese Legierungen entsprechen nicht den gewünschten Leistungsdaten.The result of this formula is that by using a heavy metal, such as tungsten with a crystal density of 19.2 g / cm 3, a considerably better depth performance can be achieved compared to copper with a density of 8.9 g / cm. Now pure tungsten material cannot be processed as a homogeneous lining with the required wall thicknesses of 0.5 to 3 mm. That is why tungsten-copper alloys have been proposed. But these alloys also do not meet the desired performance data.

Um diese nun tatsächlich zu erhalten schlägt die Erfindung vor, die Auskleidung bzw. Belegung aus einem aus Wolfram und Kupfer gebildeten Verbundmaterial herzustellen. Hier werden die einzelnen Wolfram-Körner mit einem Bindemittel z. B. Nickel oder Palladium mit dem Kupfer zu einem homogenen Gefüge zusammengebracht. Hierbei wird die gute Dehnfähigkeit des Kupfers einerseits mit den schweren Partikeln des Wolframs andererseits zu einem Stachel hoher Dichte kombiniert und so ein für diese Zwecke optimales Verbundmaterial erhalten.In order to actually obtain this, the invention proposes that the lining or covering be made from a composite material formed from tungsten and copper put. Here, the individual tungsten grains with a binder such. B. nickel or palladium combined with the copper to form a homogeneous structure. Here, the good elasticity of the copper is combined with the heavy particles of tungsten on the one hand to form a spike of high density and thus an optimal composite material is obtained for this purpose.

Der Wolframanteil soll zwischen 50 und 95 % liegen und durch Pressen, Sintern und Nachpresssen mit dem Kupfer bereits inder gewünschten Form als homogener Verbundwerkstoff hergestellt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß ein Wolframanteil von 60 bis 80 % ein für viele Einsatzmöglichkeiten optimales Material ergibt.The proportion of tungsten is said to be between 50 and 95% and is to be produced in the desired form as a homogeneous composite material by pressing, sintering and post-pressing with the copper. It has been shown that a tungsten content of 60 to 80% results in an optimal material for many possible uses.

Die Wolframpartikel sind in diesem Falle als Matrix im Kupfer eingebettet.In this case, the tungsten particles are embedded in the copper as a matrix.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Herstellung des Verbundmaterials sieht vor, daß Wolfram- und Kupferpulver zusammen mit dem Bindemittel - beispielsweise Nickel oder Palladium - heiß-isostatisch verpreßt werden, wobei die Temperatur beim Arbeitsvorgang über dem Schmelzpunkt des Kupfers liegt.Another possibility for producing the composite material provides for tungsten and copper powder to be hot-isostatically pressed together with the binder, for example nickel or palladium, the temperature during the operation being above the melting point of the copper.

Ein anderes Verfahren sieht ein mechanisches Pressen von reinem Wolfram-Material mit geeigneten Bindemitteln und anschließendem Sintern und dann im zweiten Arbeitsgang das Infiltrieren des Kupfermaterialanteils vor, wobei auch hier der Preßvorgang gleich die gewünschte Trichter- bzw. Auskleidungsform erbringt. Dadurch wird nicht nur Material gespart sondern auch Verarbeitungszeit. Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, die Korngröße des Wolframs für die Herstellung des Verbundmaterials im Bereich von 2 bis 90 µ auszuwählen. Besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen sich Korngrößen im Bereich von 30 bis 60 µ .Another method provides for mechanical pressing of pure tungsten material with suitable binders and subsequent sintering and then, in the second step, the infiltration of the copper material portion, the pressing process also producing the desired funnel or lining shape. This not only saves material but also processing time. It is also proposed to select the grain size of the tungsten for the production of the composite material in the range from 2 to 90 μ. Grain sizes in the range from 30 to 60 μ have proven particularly advantageous.

Claims (6)

1. Hohl- oder Flachladungsauskleidung bzw. Projektilladungsbelegung, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß diese Auskleidung oder Belegung aus einem aus Wolfram und Kupfer gebildeten Verbundmaterial besteht.1. Hollow or flat charge lining or projectile charge assignment, characterized in that this lining or assignment consists of a composite material formed from tungsten and copper. 2. Auskleidung bzw. Belegung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Verbundmaterial einen Wolframanteil von 50 bis 95 %, vorzugsweise 60 bis 80 % aufweist und durch Pressen, Sintern und Nachpressen hergestellt wird.2. Lining or covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite material has a tungsten content of 50 to 95%, preferably 60 to 80% and is produced by pressing, sintering and post-pressing. 3. Auskleidung und Belegung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Verbundmaterial bereits formgerecht hergestellt wird.3. Lining and occupancy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composite material is already manufactured to the correct shape. 4. Auskleidung bzw. Belegung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Verbundmaterial durch heißisostatisches Pressen hergestellt wird, wobei Temperaturen höher als der Schmelzpunkt des Kupfers eingesetzt werden.4. lining or covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite material is produced by hot isostatic pressing, temperatures higher than the melting point of the copper are used. 5. Auskleidung bzw. Belegung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeich- net , daß das Verbundmaterial durch Bildung eines Wolframskelettes und anschließendem Infiltrieren von Kupfer hergestellt wird.5. Lining or covering according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the composite material is produced by forming a tungsten skeleton and then infiltrating copper. 6. Auskleidung bzw. Belegung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeich- net , daß die Korngröße des Wolframs für das Verbundmaterial im Bereich von 2 bis 90 µ, vorzugsweise 30 bis 60 u liegt.6. Lining or covering according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the grain size of the tungsten for the composite material is in the range of 2 to 90 µ, preferably 30 to 60 u.
EP84109436A 1983-10-07 1984-08-08 Liner for a hollow or plane charge Withdrawn EP0160118A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3336516 1983-10-07
DE3336516A DE3336516C2 (en) 1983-10-07 1983-10-07 Lining and allocation for hollow, flat and projectile cargoes

Publications (2)

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EP0160118A2 true EP0160118A2 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0160118A3 EP0160118A3 (en) 1988-09-21

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DE (1) DE3336516C2 (en)

Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0249678A2 (en) * 1986-06-18 1987-12-23 Rheinmetall GmbH Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour
EP0266557A2 (en) * 1986-10-09 1988-05-11 DIEHL GMBH & CO. Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles
US4848238A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-07-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets
EP0369543A1 (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die Eidg. Munitionsfabrik Thun der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Hollow charge with a metallic lining, process and apparatus for producing same
WO2003042625A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-22 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner
RU174806U1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-02 Амир Рахимович Арисметов FACING THE CUMULATORY CHARGE

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US5331895A (en) * 1982-07-22 1994-07-26 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdon Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Shaped charges and their manufacture
DE3705382A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-01 Diehl Gmbh & Co PENETRATOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
FR2622209B1 (en) * 1987-10-23 1990-01-26 Cime Bocuze HEAVY DUTIES OF TUNGSTENE-NICKEL-IRON WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAID ALLOYS
GB2271831B (en) * 1989-11-01 1994-07-13 Ferranti Int Plc Explosive mine including shaped charge warhead
US5221808A (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-06-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge liner including bismuth
US5913256A (en) * 1993-07-06 1999-06-15 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Non-lead environmentally safe projectiles and explosive container
US5897962A (en) * 1993-07-16 1999-04-27 Osram Sylvania Inc. Method of making flowable tungsten/copper composite powder
AU2951995A (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-25 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and method of making same
US5656791A (en) * 1995-05-15 1997-08-12 Western Atlas International, Inc. Tungsten enhanced liner for a shaped charge
US5567906B1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1998-06-09 Western Atlas Int Inc Tungsten enhanced liner for a shaped charge
US5689796A (en) * 1995-07-18 1997-11-18 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing molded copper-chromium family metal alloy article
US5814758A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-09-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Apparatus for discharging a high speed jet to penetrate a target
EP1134539A1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2001-09-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High performance powdered metal mixtures for shaped charge liners
US6634300B2 (en) 2000-05-20 2003-10-21 Baker Hughes, Incorporated Shaped charges having enhanced tungsten liners
US6530326B1 (en) 2000-05-20 2003-03-11 Baker Hughes, Incorporated Sintered tungsten liners for shaped charges
US6564718B2 (en) * 2000-05-20 2003-05-20 Baker Hughes, Incorporated Lead free liner composition for shaped charges
US7011027B2 (en) 2000-05-20 2006-03-14 Baker Hughes, Incorporated Coated metal particles to enhance oil field shaped charge performance
US20020129726A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 Clark Nathan G. Oil well perforator liner with high proportion of heavy metal
EP1243890A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2002-09-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Shaped charge having metal coated high density metal powder liner
US20040156736A1 (en) * 2002-10-26 2004-08-12 Vlad Ocher Homogeneous shaped charge liner and fabrication method
US7581498B2 (en) 2005-08-23 2009-09-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Injection molded shaped charge liner
US7721649B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2010-05-25 Baker Hughes Incorporated Injection molded shaped charge liner
DE102007051345A1 (en) 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Explosive charge
US9862027B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same
EP3642555A1 (en) 2017-06-23 2020-04-29 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530800A1 (en) * 1980-06-18 1984-01-27 Saint Louis Inst Steel-penetrating hollow charge

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US4498367A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-02-12 Southwest Energy Group, Ltd. Energy transfer through a multi-layer liner for shaped charges

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4848238A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-07-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets
EP0249678A2 (en) * 1986-06-18 1987-12-23 Rheinmetall GmbH Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour
EP0249678A3 (en) * 1986-06-18 1988-02-17 Rheinmetall Gmbh Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour
EP0266557A2 (en) * 1986-10-09 1988-05-11 DIEHL GMBH & CO. Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles
EP0266557A3 (en) * 1986-10-09 1989-12-06 DIEHL GMBH & CO. Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles
EP0369543A1 (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die Eidg. Munitionsfabrik Thun der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Hollow charge with a metallic lining, process and apparatus for producing same
WO2003042625A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-22 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner
AU2002363806B2 (en) * 2001-11-14 2006-08-10 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner
CN1313798C (en) * 2001-11-14 2007-05-02 秦内蒂克有限公司 Shaped charge liner
RU174806U1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-02 Амир Рахимович Арисметов FACING THE CUMULATORY CHARGE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4613370A (en) 1986-09-23
DE3336516C2 (en) 1985-09-05
DE3336516A1 (en) 1985-05-02
EP0160118A3 (en) 1988-09-21

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