EP0266557A2 - Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles - Google Patents

Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0266557A2
EP0266557A2 EP87114310A EP87114310A EP0266557A2 EP 0266557 A2 EP0266557 A2 EP 0266557A2 EP 87114310 A EP87114310 A EP 87114310A EP 87114310 A EP87114310 A EP 87114310A EP 0266557 A2 EP0266557 A2 EP 0266557A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
penetrators
kinetic
liner
grains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87114310A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0266557A3 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Dr. Schleicher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Verwaltungs Stiftung
Original Assignee
Diehl GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl GmbH and Co filed Critical Diehl GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0266557A2 publication Critical patent/EP0266557A2/en
Publication of EP0266557A3 publication Critical patent/EP0266557A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/032—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the material of the liner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insert for shaped charges or penetrators or balancing bodies for projectiles made of a high-density material.
  • Inserts for shaped charges are made of tough metals of relatively high density, such as copper, iron, tantalum.
  • the quality of the beam or projectile depends on the geometrical accuracy and the homogeneity of the explosives and the insert material.
  • the material properties such as strength, crystalline structure, electrical conductivity, change in every direction, such as height, radius and circumference. The strength values differ from point to point. Accordingly, undesirably strong disturbances in the insert geometry are obtained even under otherwise ideal conditions.
  • the inserts consist of a composite material formed from tungsten and copper.
  • the individual tungsten grains are brought together to form a homogeneous structure by a binder.
  • the grain size of the tungsten is between 2 to 90 ⁇ m.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an insert for shaped charges or a balancing body which has an improved penetration through improved homogeneity.
  • the insert or the balancing body according to the invention has a homogeneous structure and an isotropic material behavior with any load and deformation. For the shaped charge, this results in a significant increase in the performance of the particle beam in its final ballistic form, either as a beam, as a splinter or as a projectile. Due to the strong mechanical deformation, there is a firm material structure in the insert or the balancing body due to the adhesion. This applies in particular to a material association in which the grains stick together without a binder by means of adhesion.
  • the grains of the material according to the invention are in a matrix material, such as copper, the properties of the thin matrix layer are largely negligible, so that such an insert or balancing body achieves almost the same effects as when using the material according to the invention without a matrix material.
  • the stress-strength distribution is symmetrical in all levels and the effects of the insert or the balancing body are reproducible.
  • the invention is suitable for rotationally symmetrical shaped charges as well as for flat shaped charges, namely cutting loads and their splinter-forming varieties.
  • Projectiles from projectile-forming inlays are symmetrical and therefore fly straight ahead, so misses are avoided.
  • the sintering method known per se is also suitable for less efficient deposits or balancing bodies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

An improved penetration capacity of hollow charges and kinetic-energy bodies at the target is achieved by means of a substantially increased homogeneity of the material of the liner, such as tungsten, in that the grains of the material are of equal size and the grain size is approximately 2 to 20 nm.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einlage für Hohlladungen bzw. Pene­tratoren oder Wuchtkörper für Geschosse aus einem Werkstoff hoher Dichte. Einlagen für Hohlladungen werden aus zähen Metallen relativ hoher Dichte, wie Kupfer, Eisen, Tantal, hergestellt. Bei der Umformung stehen die Massenkräfte und die Festigkeit im Gleichgewicht mit dem durch die Spreng­stoffschwaden erzeugten Druck. Die Güte des Strahls bzw. Projektils hängt von der geometrischen Genauigkeit sowie von der Homogenität der Spreng­stoffe und des Einlagematerials ab. Bei den gängigen Einlagenmaterialien ändern sich die Materialeigenschaften, wie Festigkeit, kristalline Struktur, elektrische Leitfähigkeit, in jeder Richtung, wie Höhe, Radius, Umfang. Damit sind die Festigkeitswerte von Punkt zu Punkt verschieden. Entsprechend erhält man auch bei sonst idealen Verhältnissen unerwünscht starke Störungen in der Einlagengeometrie.The invention relates to an insert for shaped charges or penetrators or balancing bodies for projectiles made of a high-density material. Inserts for shaped charges are made of tough metals of relatively high density, such as copper, iron, tantalum. During the forming process, the mass forces and the strength are in balance with the pressure generated by the explosive swaths. The quality of the beam or projectile depends on the geometrical accuracy and the homogeneity of the explosives and the insert material. With the common insert materials, the material properties, such as strength, crystalline structure, electrical conductivity, change in every direction, such as height, radius and circumference. The strength values differ from point to point. Accordingly, undesirably strong disturbances in the insert geometry are obtained even under otherwise ideal conditions.

So ist aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 16 01 118 zur Verbesserung der Durchschlagsleistung von Hohlladungen vorgesehen, daß die Einlagen aus einem aus Wolfram und Kupfer gebildeten Verbundmaterial bestehen. Die einzelnen Wolfram-Körner sind untereinander durch ein Bindemittel zu einem homogenen Gefüge zusammengebracht. Hierbei ist die Korngröße des Wolframs zwischen 2 bis 90 µm.For example, from European patent application 16 01 118 to improve the breakdown performance of shaped charges, it is provided that the inserts consist of a composite material formed from tungsten and copper. The individual tungsten grains are brought together to form a homogeneous structure by a binder. The grain size of the tungsten is between 2 to 90 µm.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Einlage für Hohlladungen bzw. einen Wuchtkörper vorzuschlagen, die bzw. der eine verbesserte Durch­schlagsleistung durch verbessere Homogenität aufweist.The object of the invention is to propose an insert for shaped charges or a balancing body which has an improved penetration through improved homogeneity.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe entsprechend den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The invention solves this problem in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.
Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the following claims.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dem Anspruch 2 zu entnehmen. Vorteilhaft daran ist die relativ geringe mechanische Belastung des Werkstoffes zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Teile.An embodiment of the invention can be found in claim 2. The advantage of this is the relatively low mechanical load on the material for producing the parts according to the invention.

Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung der Einlage bzw. Wucht­körper nach dem Anspruch 1 ist dem Anspruch 3 zu entnehmen.An advantageous method for producing the insert or balancing body according to claim 1 can be found in claim 3.

Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist, daß die Dichte und die Festigkeit der Körner hoch, ihr Durchmesser und die Festigkeit der Verbindung der Körner kleine ist. Schwierigkeiten mit Phasengrenzen im Zustands­diagramm treten nicht auf.
Die erfindungsgemäße Einlage bzw. der Wuchtkörper weisen eine homo­gene Struktur und ein isotropes Materialverhalten bei beliebiger Belastung und Deformation auf. Daraus folgt für die Hohlladung eine wesentliche Leistungssteigerung des Partikelstrahles in seiner endballistischem Form, entweder als Strahl, als Splitter oder als Projektil.
Bei der Einlage bzw. bei dem Wuchtkörper liegen aufgrund der starken mechanischen Verformung ein fester Werkstoffverband aufgrund der Adhäsion vor. Dies gilt insbesondere bei einem Werkstoffverband, bei dem die Körner ohne Bindemittel durch Adhäsion zusammenhalten. Liegen die Körner des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes in einem Matrix­werkstoff, wie Kupfer, so sind die Eigenschaften der dünnen Matrix­schicht weitgehend vernachlässigbar, so daß eine derartige Einlage bzw. ein derartiger Wuchtkörper nahezu dieselben Wirkungen erzielen, als bei der Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes ohne einen Matrixwerkstoff.
Die Spannungs-Festigkeitsverteilung ist in allen Ebenen symmetrisch und die Wirkungen der Einlage bzw. des Wuchtkörpers sind reprodu­zierbar.It is essential for the invention that the density and the strength of the grains are high, their diameter and the strength of the connection of the grains are small. There are no difficulties with phase boundaries in the state diagram.
The insert or the balancing body according to the invention has a homogeneous structure and an isotropic material behavior with any load and deformation. For the shaped charge, this results in a significant increase in the performance of the particle beam in its final ballistic form, either as a beam, as a splinter or as a projectile.
Due to the strong mechanical deformation, there is a firm material structure in the insert or the balancing body due to the adhesion. This applies in particular to a material association in which the grains stick together without a binder by means of adhesion. If the grains of the material according to the invention are in a matrix material, such as copper, the properties of the thin matrix layer are largely negligible, so that such an insert or balancing body achieves almost the same effects as when using the material according to the invention without a matrix material.
The stress-strength distribution is symmetrical in all levels and the effects of the insert or the balancing body are reproducible.

Dies bezieht sich auf die Strahlgeschwindigkeit und die Richtung des Strahles bzw. auf die weitgehende Formstabilität des Wuchtkörpers beim Eindringen in das Ziel. Bei der Hohlladung ist die Übertragung der Energie auf das Ziel groß, da aufgrund der kleinen und gleich­großen Körner nur geringe Energieverluste bei der hydrodynamischen Umformung am Ziel auftreten. Die Ursache dafür ist noch nicht voll­ständig aufgeklärt. Offensichtlich ist die geringe Reibung der Körner untereinander bei Ihrem Ausspülen aus der Öffnung am Ziel maßgebend und der kleine innere Zusammenhalt der Körner im Hohlladungsstrahl. Durch das letztere Merkmal sind die Körner leichter in der Lage, nach der Übertragung des Masseimpulses auf des Ziel seitlich auszu­weichen als unregelmäßige Körper, die vor ihrem Ausspülen durch nachfolgende Körper erst noch zerrissen werden müssen.This refers to the jet velocity and the direction of the jet, or to the extensive dimensional stability of the balancing body when it penetrates the target. In the case of shaped charge, the transfer of energy to the target is large because, due to the small and equally large grains, only slight energy losses occur at the target during hydrodynamic shaping. The reason for this is not yet fully understood. Obviously, the low friction of the grains with each other when rinsing them out of the opening at the target is decisive and the small internal cohesion of the grains in the shaped charge jet. As a result of the latter feature, the grains are more easily able to dodge laterally after the transmission of the mass impulse to the target than irregular bodies which have yet to be torn apart by subsequent bodies before they are rinsed out.

Die Erfindung eignet sich für rotationssymmetrische Hohlladung als auch für ebene Hohlladungen, nämlich Schneidladung und ihre splitterbildenden Abarten.The invention is suitable for rotationally symmetrical shaped charges as well as for flat shaped charges, namely cutting loads and their splinter-forming varieties.

Projektile aus projektilbildenden Einlagen sind symmetrisch und fliegen daher geradeaus, also werden Fehltreffer vermieden.Projectiles from projectile-forming inlays are symmetrical and therefore fly straight ahead, so misses are avoided.

Bei Wuchtkörpern, wie Penetratoren, liegt ebenfalls eine symmetrische Spannungs-Festigkeitsverteilung vor. Dies stellt sicher, daß die Wuchtkörper beim Eindringen ins Ziel eine nur noch geringe Neigung haben sich zu verbiegen. Die Wirkung im Ziel ist daher durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen reproduzierbar und größer als nach dem Stand der Technik.In the case of balancing bodies, such as penetrators, there is also a symmetrical stress-strength distribution. This ensures that the balancing bodies have only a slight tendency to bend when entering the target. The effect in the target is therefore reproducible and greater than according to the prior art by the measures according to the invention.

Außer dem erfindungsgemäßen Herstellverfahren bei Normaltemperatur eignet sich für weniger leistungsfähige Einlagen bzw. Wuchtkörper auch das an sich bekannte Sinterverfahren.In addition to the manufacturing method according to the invention at normal temperature, the sintering method known per se is also suitable for less efficient deposits or balancing bodies.

Claims (3)

1. Einlage für Hohlladungen bzw. Penetratoren oder Wuchtkörper für Geschosse aus einem Werkstoff mit hoher Dichte,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Korngrösse des Werkstoffes, wie Wolfram, gleich-groß ist und etwa 2 bis 20 nm beträgt.1. insert for shaped charges or penetrators or balancing bodies for projectiles made of a high-density material,
characterized,
that the grain size of the material, such as tungsten, is the same size and is about 2 to 20 nm. 2. Einlage bzw. Penetrator oder Wuchtkörper nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Körner des Werkstoffs in einem Matrixwerkstoff, wie Kupfer, eingebettet sind und die Dicke der Matrixschicht am Korn im Verhält­nis zur Korngrösse sehr klein ist.2. insert or penetrator or balancing body according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the grains of the material are embedded in a matrix material, such as copper, and the thickness of the matrix layer on the grain is very small in relation to the grain size. 3. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Einlage bzw. des Penetrators oder des Wuchtkörpers nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet.
daß sie durch kaltes Pressen, nämlich durch starke mechanische Be­lastung, wie Schmieden, Explosionsumformung bei Normaltemperatur unter Schutzgasatmosphäre hergestellt werden.3. A method for producing the insert or the penetrator or the balancing body according to claim 1,
characterized.
that they are produced by cold pressing, namely by strong mechanical stress, such as forging, explosion forming at normal temperature under a protective gas atmosphere.
EP87114310A 1986-10-09 1987-10-01 Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles Withdrawn EP0266557A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863634433 DE3634433A1 (en) 1986-10-09 1986-10-09 INSERT FOR HOLLOW LOADS OR Penetrators or balancing bodies for projectiles
DE3634433 1986-10-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0266557A2 true EP0266557A2 (en) 1988-05-11
EP0266557A3 EP0266557A3 (en) 1989-12-06

Family

ID=6311398

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87114310A Withdrawn EP0266557A3 (en) 1986-10-09 1987-10-01 Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0266557A3 (en)
DE (1) DE3634433A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2271831A (en) * 1989-11-01 1994-04-27 Ferranti Int Plc Explosive mine including shaped charge warhead
GB2382122A (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-21 Qinetiq Ltd Shaped charge liner

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5913256A (en) * 1993-07-06 1999-06-15 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Non-lead environmentally safe projectiles and explosive container
MX9700050A (en) * 1994-07-06 1997-12-31 Lockheed Martin Energy Sys Inc Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and method of making same.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530800A1 (en) * 1980-06-18 1984-01-27 Saint Louis Inst Steel-penetrating hollow charge
US4498395A (en) * 1982-07-16 1985-02-12 Dornier System Gmbh Powder comprising coated tungsten grains
EP0143775A2 (en) * 1983-11-23 1985-06-05 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Sub-calibre penetrator and method of making the same
EP0160118A2 (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Liner for a hollow or plane charge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530800A1 (en) * 1980-06-18 1984-01-27 Saint Louis Inst Steel-penetrating hollow charge
US4498395A (en) * 1982-07-16 1985-02-12 Dornier System Gmbh Powder comprising coated tungsten grains
EP0160118A2 (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Liner for a hollow or plane charge
EP0143775A2 (en) * 1983-11-23 1985-06-05 VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft Sub-calibre penetrator and method of making the same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2271831A (en) * 1989-11-01 1994-04-27 Ferranti Int Plc Explosive mine including shaped charge warhead
GB2271831B (en) * 1989-11-01 1994-07-13 Ferranti Int Plc Explosive mine including shaped charge warhead
GB2382122A (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-21 Qinetiq Ltd Shaped charge liner
WO2003042625A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-22 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner
AU2002363806B2 (en) * 2001-11-14 2006-08-10 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner
CN1313798C (en) * 2001-11-14 2007-05-02 秦内蒂克有限公司 Shaped charge liner
US7261036B2 (en) 2001-11-14 2007-08-28 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge liner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0266557A3 (en) 1989-12-06
DE3634433A1 (en) 1988-04-14

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Inventor name: SCHLEICHER, ULRICH, DR.