EP0159828A1 - Gravierte fälschungssichere Identifikationskarte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Gravierte fälschungssichere Identifikationskarte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0159828A1
EP0159828A1 EP85302160A EP85302160A EP0159828A1 EP 0159828 A1 EP0159828 A1 EP 0159828A1 EP 85302160 A EP85302160 A EP 85302160A EP 85302160 A EP85302160 A EP 85302160A EP 0159828 A1 EP0159828 A1 EP 0159828A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
metallic
card
layers
interleaved
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85302160A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Barry C. Phelps
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Computer Identification Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Computer Identification Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Computer Identification Systems Inc filed Critical Computer Identification Systems Inc
Publication of EP0159828A1 publication Critical patent/EP0159828A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B42D15/02—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D2033/04—
    • B42D2033/06—
    • B42D2033/08—
    • B42D2033/10—
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2035/06—
    • B42D2035/08—
    • B42D2035/24—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of machine engraved identification cards and is more particularly directed to engraved identification cards on which information and images are inscribed by engraving through one or more thin layers into an underlying substrate which is either transparent or of a contrasting color.
  • Engraved cards of the type contemplated by the present invention are made by applying at least one very thin layer of material to the surface of a substrate layer which is preferably transparent or translucent (herein translucent) but may be opaque and engraving through the thin surface layer into the substrate along regularly spaced parallel lines with a stylus of tapering cross-section, such as a conical stylus. As the stylus cuts into, and at preselected regions, through the surface layer and into the substrate, surface layer material is removed, exposing various areas of the substrate. By varying the depth of the cut of the tapering stylus, the width of the remaining surface layer in the region between adjacent groove lines can be continuously varied along each line.
  • Engraved identity cards made by existing processes typically include a relatively thick substrate sheet made of a clear or colored polymer resin onto which is applied a relatively thick surface layer having a color contrasting with that of the substrate material.
  • the surface layer is formed by coating the substrate with a colored ink or liquid resin which is dried by application of heat and pressure to form a thin colored layer pressed into the surface of the substrate and fused therewith.
  • the colored surface layer has also been obtained by laminating one or more resin plys to the substrate surface by application of heat and pressure in order to obtain intimate bonding.
  • the laminate is then engraved by means of precision engraving machines designed for this purpose and known in the art. Briefly, the engraving machine scans an image, e.g., a facial photograph identifying the intended user of the card, and electromechanically translates the image into engraved lines wherein the depth of the engraving stylus is controlled in accordance with the image being scanned.
  • the present invention overcomes these and other shortcomings of the prior art by applying one or more discrete, very thin layers of selected metals or metallic alloys to a planar surface of a non-conductive substrate, which is preferably translucent, to obtain the blank card material which is then engraved by existing methods and equipment.
  • the metallic layers are applied to the non-conductive substrate by sputter deposition techniques and are preferably very thin.
  • Sputter coating of materials is a known process whereby a target of the particular metal to be deposited is subjected to atomic bombardment in a vacuum. The bombardment causes single atoms to be ejected from the target in great numbers.
  • a thin, uniform coating of the ejected metal atoms can be deposited onto a substrate material placed nearby.
  • the thickness of the metallic coating can be accurately regulated and can be no more than a few atoms thick so as to be virtually transparent to light.
  • a further benefit available through sputter deposition techniques is the abillty to deposit almost any desired metal or combination of metals onto the substrate.
  • Unusual metallic alloys can be easily created during the sputter coating process by simply providing separate targets of each component metal which when bombarded eject atoms which combine in the deposited layers. The alloying of the different metals occurs as part of the sputter deposition process and does not require separate additional steps.
  • Sputter coating technology is known and commercially practiced to make, among other things, solar reflecting films of the type commonly applied to window glass for energy management purposes.
  • the unique advantages attainable by application of such coating technology to the manufacture of high security engraved identification cards have not been understood and exploited until now.
  • the metal layer or layers deposited can be made sufficiently thin so as to be at least partially transparent. Such an effect is known with solar films. If that thin and hence transparent metal layer is deposited on a translucent substrate, an image formed by engraving through the thin metallic layer into the translucent base will be viewable as an engraved image from either the engraved side of the card or the back side of the card.
  • Still another unique aspect of the present invention when one or more very thin layers are deposited on the substrate is that the portion of the layer which is engraved with an image will assume a color which is different from the color of the non-engraved portion of the deposited layer depending on the angle of the line of sight at which the card is viewed. Indeed, it has been found that if viewed from an angle which is more or less perpendicular to the inwardly slanted portions of the grooves the color of the image will substantially disappear while the color of the remaining non-engraved portion of the card having the thin layer will remain unchanged. Hence, the color of the engraved portion of the card will either change or substantially disappear when compared with the color of the non-engraved portion of the card having the deposited metal layer. This effect is particularly apparent when the substrate is a transparent substrate.
  • the unique two-sided image with sufficient contrast provided by the thin layer to make the image viewable from either the front or back of the card as well as the color attenuation and alteration of the image depending on the angle of viewing of the card relative to the color of the non-engraved portion of the deposited metal layer provides unique aspects to the present invention not heretofore available in prior art identification cards.
  • metallic, electrically conductive coatings also permit the objective testing of authenticity of any particular card by measuring conductivity, resistivity or the light attenuation of the metallic coating. Resistivity, conductivity and light attenuation various depending on the metal coating deposited. Measurements of the conductivity, resistivity or light attenuation, which is unique for each metal or alloy coating, can be made easily and quickly with low cost, commonly available, pocket sized instruments to reliably determine the authenticity of a card made according to the present disclosure. No such objective, readily carried out authenticity test ancillary to visual inspection is avilable for engraved cards made according to presently known methods.
  • sputter deposited layers can be given unusual,-difficult to duplicate appearance by judicious selection of the coating materials and by applying multiple metallic layers, each layer having a distinct coloring.
  • the sloping side walls of the generally V-shaped groove cut by the engraving stylus will show exposed edges of the differently colored layers, lending a unique, distinctive appearance to the engraved image.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a typical, generally rectangular identity card 10 which has a substrate 14 on which has been sputter deposited a metallic layer 12. An area 18 of the metal coating 12 has been engraved by the already described process, exposing the substrate 14 to define printed identification data 16 and an image 18 of the authorized card bearer.
  • the cross-section of a card such as shown in Figure 1 comprises a relatively thick (e.g., .3 to 30 mils or more thick) substrate layer 14 of an electrically non-conductive material such as a polymer resin or the like and a relatively thin (10 to 3000 Angstroms thick) metallic layer 12.
  • a number of parallel grooves 20 are engraved through the thin metallic layer 12 into the substrate 14 with a tapering stylus as has been described, leaving typically V-shaped grooves of varying depths.
  • the surface areas 22 between adjacent grooves 20 vary in inverse proportion to the depth of the grooves.
  • the substrate material 14 and the metallic layer 12 are chosen to contrast sufficiently so that the areas 22 are easily visible against the sloping substrate surfaces 24 exposed by the grooving process.
  • Authenticity of the card may be verified by measurement of resistivity or conductivity taken between two points of any continuous metal coated area on the card. Metal coated areas may be left along the edges of a typical card as in Figure 1, towards this end.
  • sputter coating technology offers a still further advantage in that the resulting metallic layers are of substantially uniform thickness.
  • the characteristic resistivity or conductivity of the metal coating will be determined by the selection of the metal or metals applied. Resistance of the metal layer taken between any two points of the layer will depend not only on the resistivity of the conductor material but also upon the conductor cross-section, i.e., will depend and vary with the thickness of the metallic layer. This provides the possibility of introducing a second variable into the authentication test if resistance is measured and therefore increases the sensitivity of the testing.
  • the substrate 14 which may be a sheet of clear or opaque plastic resin is coated with a first metallic sputter deposited layer 12b and a second sputter deposited metallic layer 12a directly overlying the metallic layer 12b.
  • the two metallic layers are desirably selected for contrasting color, e.g., white, silver and black germanium.
  • the slanting groove walls 24 show exposed edges of the metallic layers 12a and 12b.
  • the color of the image engraved on the card will change and even substantially disappear with the image becomming, for example, a black and white image, depending on the angle at which the image engraved on the card is observed by an observer.
  • the engraving process results in a variation of the color between the non-engraved portion of the metal layer and the engraved portion.
  • Such color variations would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to duplicate, thereby greatly increasing the security of the present card when compared to prior art cards.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention wherein a spacer layer 14b of electrically non-conductive material has been interposed between sputter deposited metallic layers 12d and 12c.
  • the structure of Figure 4 may be constructed, for example, by sputter depositing metal layer 12d onto an electrical non-conducting substrate 14a, laminating layer 14b to the sputter deposited coating 12d by means of adhesive or other suitable means and then sputter depositing the second metallic layer 12c onto the spacer layer 14b. The laminate is then ready for engraving.
  • the exposed edges of the metal layers 12d and 12c visible on the sloping walls 24 of the grooves 20 are spaced apart by the layer 14a and if the thickness of the spacer layer 14b is sufficient it will prevent visual blending of the exposed metal edges, lending a distinctive appearance of depth and possibly three-dimensionality to the engraved image.
  • Different effects of color and depth may be achieved by varying the thickness of the spacer layer 14b as well as varying the relative and absolute thicknesses of the sputter deposited metallic layers. Varying visual effects affecting a difference in the color between the observed engraved image and the color of the non-engraved portions of the thin metal layer will also be created in such an identification card.
  • the spacer layer 14b may be the same color and material as the underlying substrate 14a.
  • the appearance of the engraved card may be further varied and forgery thereof thus further deterred by making the layers 14a and 14b opaque or transparent in different combinations.
  • layer 14b may be of transparent, either clear or color tinted resin material, while the underlying substrate 14a may be an opaque material of any color.
  • the two conductive layers are insulated from each other by the electrically non-conductive spacer layer 14b.
  • Each of the two conductive layers 12b and 12c may thus be individually subjected to restivity, conductivity or resistance testing thereby to even more conclusively establish authenticity of the identity document.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention wherein two metallic layers 12e and 12f are sputter deposited onto a substrate in a manner similar to that of Figure 3.
  • the embodiment of Figure 5 differs from that of Figure 3 in that a further metallic electrically conductive layer 20/is interleaved between two substrate sheets 14a and 14b.
  • the conductive sputter deposited layer 201 is positioned within the substrate at a level below the maximum penetration of the grooving stylus to thereby preserve the integrity of the layer 201during the image forming process.
  • the layer 201 if made sufficiently thin, will not be readily visible to someone not aware of its existence and may be used to check authenticity of the card by subjecting the layer 20lto the aforementioned resistance testing.
  • the presence of the layer 20t may be further hidden by making the layer sufficiently thin so that it is substantially transparent or translucent to light, and also making one or both of the substrate layers 14a and 14b similarly transparent. Layer 201, under these conditions will not be readily visually apparent. The making of virtually transparent metallic layers is again readily achievable through sputter deposition technology.
  • Counterfeiting of engraved cards of this type may be further deterred or exposed by selecting unusual metallic alloys characterized by uncommon resistivity, conductivity and light attenuation properties for one or more of the sputter deposited metallic layers.
  • unusual metallic alloys characterized by uncommon resistivity, conductivity and light attenuation properties for one or more of the sputter deposited metallic layers.
  • the same metallic compositions would be extremely difficult to duplicate precisely by someone not having access to sophisticated equipment. Even where a counterfeiter has access to such sophisticated equipment, the precise metallic composition forming the layers would be difficult to duplicate without knowing the individual metals so deposited and the amount of such metals deposited. This information could be readily kept secret and would be unique for each company or entity which distributed or otherwise sponsored the particular identification card.
  • any of the embodiments shown in Figures 2 through 5 or yet other variations of the illustrated embodiments which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may also include a thin layer (e.g., 2 mils thick) clear or tinted transparent plastic or equivalent material covering the uppermost metal layer, the images being engraved through this top layer as well as the underlying metallic layers.
  • a thin layer e.g., 2 mils thick
  • tinted transparent plastic or equivalent material covering the uppermost metal layer
  • the tint combines with the coloring of the underlying sputter deposited metal to create images of unusual appearance.
  • the objective of seeking very unusual coloring of the materials or unusual color combinations of the various card layers is to create an identity document which is highly distinctive in appearance while at the same time difficult to duplicate.
  • Access to the metallic layers for purposes of resistance testing may be had a variety of ways in any of the disclosed embodiments. If the metallic layer is not covered by non-conductive layers, the resistivity test may be conducted by merely applying a pair of electrodes to the exposed metal layer. In the event that non-conductive layers are used to cover the conductive layers, access thereto may be still had in a variety of ways. For example, fine sharp electrode needles may be used to puncture through the non-conductive covering to thereby make electrical contact with the metal layer. In the alternative, access to the metal layer may be had at the edge of the card by means of suitably constructed electrodes. As yet another alternative, access windows or openings may be provided in the non-conductive covering to permit electrode contact with the metal layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
EP85302160A 1984-03-30 1985-03-28 Gravierte fälschungssichere Identifikationskarte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Withdrawn EP0159828A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59512384A 1984-03-30 1984-03-30
US595123 1990-10-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0159828A1 true EP0159828A1 (de) 1985-10-30

Family

ID=24381835

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85302160A Withdrawn EP0159828A1 (de) 1984-03-30 1985-03-28 Gravierte fälschungssichere Identifikationskarte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0159828A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6116897A (de)
KR (1) KR850006674A (de)
IL (1) IL74716A0 (de)
IN (1) IN163734B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2240948A (en) * 1990-02-15 1991-08-21 Peter Robert Peter Sunman Credit, identity or like cards
US5762379A (en) * 1996-02-14 1998-06-09 Serigraph, Inc. Printed article
EP0678400B1 (de) * 1994-03-25 2000-05-24 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Vor unerlaubter Reproduktion mit einem Kopiergerät geschützte Ausweiskarte
WO2004110771A2 (de) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-23 Hueck Folien Ges.M.B.H. Sicherheitselemente und sicherheitsmerkmale mit farbeffekten
US7048307B1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-05-23 Serigraph, Inc. Reflective display
CH701875A2 (de) * 2011-01-18 2011-03-31 Trueb Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Datenträgers sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Datenträger.
US7975913B2 (en) 2006-08-22 2011-07-12 Rynne Group, Llc Discernment card and a discernment card business system using the discernment card
US20160278205A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-09-22 Lg Chem, Ltd. Transparent substrate including fine metal line and method for manufacturing the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731333A (en) * 1954-05-13 1956-01-17 Komak Inc Method of forming ornamented surfaces
GB2033839A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-05-29 Wiggins Teape Ltd Security card
US4352706A (en) * 1981-08-31 1982-10-05 Miller Lee H Process for applying a metallic image in register to a document of value
WO1983002081A1 (en) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-23 California Interface Software Engraved image identification card
EP0071160B1 (de) * 1981-07-21 1985-06-12 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Kunststoffkarte mit metallischem Glanz

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731333A (en) * 1954-05-13 1956-01-17 Komak Inc Method of forming ornamented surfaces
GB2033839A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-05-29 Wiggins Teape Ltd Security card
EP0071160B1 (de) * 1981-07-21 1985-06-12 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Kunststoffkarte mit metallischem Glanz
US4352706A (en) * 1981-08-31 1982-10-05 Miller Lee H Process for applying a metallic image in register to a document of value
WO1983002081A1 (en) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-23 California Interface Software Engraved image identification card

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 25, no. 2, July 1982, page 559, New York, US; A.A. EFROS et al.: "Post treatment of circuitized MCP" *

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2240948A (en) * 1990-02-15 1991-08-21 Peter Robert Peter Sunman Credit, identity or like cards
EP0678400B1 (de) * 1994-03-25 2000-05-24 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Vor unerlaubter Reproduktion mit einem Kopiergerät geschützte Ausweiskarte
US5762379A (en) * 1996-02-14 1998-06-09 Serigraph, Inc. Printed article
US7048307B1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-05-23 Serigraph, Inc. Reflective display
WO2004110771A2 (de) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-23 Hueck Folien Ges.M.B.H. Sicherheitselemente und sicherheitsmerkmale mit farbeffekten
WO2004110771A3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2005-03-17 Hueck Folien Gmbh Sicherheitselemente und sicherheitsmerkmale mit farbeffekten
AT501356A1 (de) * 2003-06-18 2006-08-15 Hueck Folien Gmbh Sicherheitselemente und sicherheitsmerkmale mit farbeffekten
CN1860034B (zh) * 2003-06-18 2010-09-15 阿尔若威金斯安全公司 安全单元
US7975913B2 (en) 2006-08-22 2011-07-12 Rynne Group, Llc Discernment card and a discernment card business system using the discernment card
CN103391851A (zh) * 2011-01-18 2013-11-13 特鲁博股份公司 用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体
CN103391851B (zh) * 2011-01-18 2016-08-24 金雅拓股份公司 用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体
WO2012097463A1 (de) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-26 Trüb AG Verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrschichtigen datenträgers sowie nach diesem verfahren hergestellter datenträger
CH701875A2 (de) * 2011-01-18 2011-03-31 Trueb Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Datenträgers sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Datenträger.
EP2756963A1 (de) * 2011-01-18 2014-07-23 Trüb AG Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Datenträgers sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Datenträger
US9174401B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-11-03 Gemalto Ag Method for producing a multilayer data carrier and data carrier produced by said method
AU2012208937B2 (en) * 2011-01-18 2016-06-16 Gemalto Ag Method for producing a multilayer data carrier and data carrier produced by said method
CH701875A3 (de) * 2011-01-18 2011-11-30 Trueb Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Datenträgers sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Datenträger.
EA030131B1 (ru) * 2011-01-18 2018-06-29 Гемальто Аг Способ изготовления многослойного носителя данных и носитель данных, изготовленный данным способом
CN106064543A (zh) * 2011-01-18 2016-11-02 金雅拓股份公司 用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体
EA025748B1 (ru) * 2011-01-18 2017-01-30 Гемальто Аг Многослойный носитель персональных данных и способ его изготовления
AP4069A (en) * 2011-01-18 2017-03-16 Gemalto Ag Method for producing a multilayer data carrier and data carrier produced by said method
AU2016222386B2 (en) * 2011-01-18 2018-06-28 Gemalto Ag Method for producing a multilayer data carrier and data carrier produced by said method
US9775236B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-09-26 Lg Chem, Ltd. Method of manufacturing a transparent substrate
US20160278205A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-09-22 Lg Chem, Ltd. Transparent substrate including fine metal line and method for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6116897A (ja) 1986-01-24
IN163734B (de) 1988-11-05
KR850006674A (ko) 1985-10-16
IL74716A0 (en) 1985-06-30

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