EP0157702B1 - Torche de soudage ou coupage à plasma - Google Patents

Torche de soudage ou coupage à plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157702B1
EP0157702B1 EP85400617A EP85400617A EP0157702B1 EP 0157702 B1 EP0157702 B1 EP 0157702B1 EP 85400617 A EP85400617 A EP 85400617A EP 85400617 A EP85400617 A EP 85400617A EP 0157702 B1 EP0157702 B1 EP 0157702B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
nozzle
sleeve
skirt
torch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400617A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0157702A3 (en
EP0157702A2 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Marhic
Eric Dufour
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Soudure Autogene Francaise, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Priority to AT85400617T priority Critical patent/ATE35077T1/de
Publication of EP0157702A2 publication Critical patent/EP0157702A2/fr
Publication of EP0157702A3 publication Critical patent/EP0157702A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157702B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157702B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3473—Safety means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3423—Connecting means, e.g. electrical connecting means or fluid connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plasma welding or cutting torch of the type comprising a torch body the interior of which is connected to a source of plasma gas, a hollow electrode housed inside this body and electrically connected to a power supply conductor , and a plasma outlet nozzle mounted opposite and at a distance from the electrode and pierced with an orifice for the plasma outlet.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a plasma button of particularly simple design, the number of constituent elements of which is very small, of low cost and of very high security.
  • the invention relates to a welding torch or plasma cutting of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a removable annular skirt secured to the torch body and having on the one hand a seat for the nozzle, which is mounted to slide freely in the skirt and applied to its seat only under the effect of an elastic force, and on the other hand means for longitudinal positioning of the electrode.
  • the removable skirt comprises an envelope of electrically insulating material, integral, in its part facing the torch body, with a first conductive sleeve screwed into a conductive element of the torch body and having, on its internal surface, a shoulder forming a seat for the electrode, and also integral, in its end part which is opposite to that facing the torch body, with a second metal sleeve in which the nozzle is mounted to slide and which has the seat of this nozzle, the first and second sleeves being in communication by an axial passage of the skirt.
  • the plasma torch according to the invention offers the advantage that it consists only of four main elements, namely the torch body and the skirt removably mounted on this torch body, as well as the electrode and the nozzle engaged in the skirt, said nozzle at least being able to slide freely in the latter. It is therefore, therefore, simple to disassemble and reassemble and its cost price is considerably reduced. Furthermore, the torch also has any guarantee of safety because, when the skirt is separated from the torch body, no live conductive part of this torch body is protruding, the conductive element of the torch body with which is in electrical connection, the first sleeve of the skirt being housed in a hollow part which is difficult to access from the outside.
  • the plasma torch according to the invention essentially comprises four elements which are independent of each other and which can be assembled together, namely a torch body 1, an electrode 2, a nozzle 3 and a removable skirt 4.
  • the torch body 1 comprises a central bell-shaped part 5 and a tubular lateral extension 6 terminated by a connector 7, the central bell-shaped part 5 and the tubular lateral extension 6 being made of electrically insulating material.
  • a connector 7 On the connection 7, with external teeth, is fitted by force a flexible and insulating pipe 8 for the arrival of a plasma gas, this pipe 8 being held on the connection 7 by an external coaxial sleeve 9.
  • the tubular lateral extension 5 of the torch body 1 is crossed by a conduit in which is housed a tube 11 of electrically conductive material.
  • This tube opens, at its outer end, into the insulating sheath 8 and it is extended longitudinally at this point, inside the sheath 8, by a part of its periphery constituting a tab 12 folded transversely on itself and ensuring maintaining by crimping the end of an electrical supply conductor 13 housed in the pipe 8.
  • the bell-shaped part 5 of the torch body 1 has a central cavity 14 closed at its upper part and opening downwards.
  • a metal cap 15 with a cylindrical side wall 15a in which is drilled a hole which is engaged the internal end of the conductive tube 11 passing through the lateral extension 6.
  • This conductive tube 11 is advantageously fixed to the metal cap 15 by welding.
  • the cylindrical side wall 15a of the metal cap 15 has a thread 15b on its lower end portion extending below the hole where the end of the conductive tube 11 is fixed. This side wall 15a provided with the thread 15b stops at a certain distance from the lower end 5a of the bell-shaped part 5.
  • the removable skirt 4 comprises, for its part, an envelope 16 of insulating material, of annular shape, for example frustoconical with taper directed downward.
  • This envelope 16 has, at its upper end, a lateral rim 16a intended to surround and cover the end 5a of the torch body 1.
  • the casing 16 is overmolded on two metal sleeves, namely an upper electrode holder sleeve 17 and a lower nozzle holder sleeve 18.
  • L the envelope 16 has, between the two sleeves 17 and 18, a central passage 19 ensuring communication in the axial direction between the upper sleeve 17 and the lower sleeve 18.
  • the upper sleeve 17 has, on its upper end protruding from the casing 16, a thread 21 intended to be screwed into the internal thread 15b of the cap 15 of the torch body 1.
  • the sleeve 11 has a stepped internal surface and it comprises an upper part 17a of large internal diameter a and a lower part 17b of smaller internal diameter b, the parts 17a and 17b connecting to each other by a transverse annular shoulder 17c intended to form a seat for the electrode 2 as will be seen later.
  • the lower sleeve la comprises, in the internal face of its lateral surface, a certain number of longitudinal grooves 18a which extend downwards and end in holes drilled in an annular front face 18b constituted by an internal flange terminating the sleeve 18 down.
  • This annular front face 18b preferably has a frustoconical shape, converging downwards, in order to constitute a seat for the nozzle 3 as will be seen below.
  • the metal electrode 2 has an axial U-shaped section. It has a blind axial bore 22 open upwards, that is to say towards the inside of the torch body 1. Outside the electrode 2 has, from top to bottom, an annular flange 23 projecting outwards, then a cylindrical surface 24 of external diameter equal to the internal diameter b of the lower part 17b of the sleeve 17, then a frustoconical lower part 25, converging towards the bottom. This frustoconical lower part 25 is pierced, at the bottom of the bore 22, with at least one tangential hole 26 ensuring the exit of the plasma gas. Finally, in the central part of the relatively thick lower front wall 27 of the electrode 2 is housed axially an insert 28, for example made of zirconium, promoting the initiation of the arc.
  • the electrode 2 could be screwed into the upper sleeve 17 of the skirt 4.
  • the last component part of the plasma torch according to the invention namely the nozzle 3, comprises, at its upper part, a skirt 29 extending upward and which is connected to a relatively thick frustoconical lower part 31, downward taper.
  • the skirt 29 is delimited by an external cylindrical lateral surface 32, of diameter equal to the internal diameter of the sleeve 18, and by a frustoconical internal lateral surface 33, having substantially the same conicity as the frustoconical lower part 25 of the electrode 2.
  • the frustoconical lower part 31 of the nozzle 3 is pierced right through with an axial hole 34. Furthermore, this frustoconical lower part 31 has, near its large upper base, an annular recess 35 of cylindrical shape and of equal diameter or slightly less than the diameter of the orifice delimited by the frustoconical front wall 18b of the sleeve 18.
  • the upper sleeve 17 of the removable skirt 4 is screwed, by its thread 21, into the internal thread 15b of the cap 15 of the torch body 1, l electrode 2 is housed in the upper sleeve 17 and it bears, by its upper flange 23, on the internal shoulder 17c, forming electrode seat, of the sleeve 17, and the nozzle 3 is engaged in the lower sleeve 18 in which it is held in abutment on the truncated front wall 18b of this sleeve, constituting the seat of this nozzle.
  • the two seats 17c and 18b are offset axially with respect to each other by a distance such that in operation the nozzle 3 is kept at a distance from the electrode 2, while being able to slide freely in the lower sleeve 18 to be able to come into contact with the electrode 2 and cause the initiation of an arc between the electrode 2 and the nozzle 3.
  • the plasma gas which is supplied through the insulating pipe 8, penetrates inside the torch flowing through the tube 11 extending through the lateral extension 6 of the torch body 1, it then passes inside the cap 15 then it flows longitudinally downwards into the bore 22 of the electrode 2, and it leaves tangentially through the hole or holes 26 to pass into the space defined between the frustoconical lower part 25 of the electrode 2 and the nozzle 3.
  • the gas divides in two currents, namely a relatively low flow current, representing from 10 to 20 % of the supply flow, which flows down inside the nozzle 3 and which leaves this nozzle axially, through the hole 34, to form the plasma, and another current corresponding to the excess of gas (from 80 to 90% of the feed rate), this excess gas stream flowing longitudinally in the various internal grooves 18a of the sleeve 18, to exit the torch in the form of a plurality of jets surrounding the central jet forming the plasma.
  • the circulation of the plasma gas is indicated by the arrows in the drawing.
  • the hole 26 which is drilled tangentially in the electrode 2 ensures the calibration of the gas flow rate and the production of a vortex in the space between the electrode 2 and the nozzle 3.
  • the electric supply current of the electorde 2 is brought to the latter due to the electrical connection provided between the upper conductive sleeve 17 and the metal cap 15 to which the tube 11 is welded.
  • the electrode 2 and the nozzle 3 are pressed against their respective seats 17c and 18b only under the effect of the pressure of the gas.
  • springs could also be used for this purpose.
  • the plasma torch according to the invention offers great security in that, when the removable skirt 4 is disassembled, by unscrewing the threaded sleeve 17, the electrode 2 is automatically disconnected from the source of electric current and moreover no metal element does not protrude from the body of the torch 1, the conductive cap 15 being embedded inside this body. This eliminates any risk of accidental contact of the user of the torch with a live metal part.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
EP85400617A 1984-04-04 1985-03-29 Torche de soudage ou coupage à plasma Expired EP0157702B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400617T ATE35077T1 (de) 1984-04-04 1985-03-29 Schweiss- oder schneidplasmabrenner.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8405286A FR2562748B1 (fr) 1984-04-04 1984-04-04 Torche de soudage ou coupage a plasma
FR8405286 1984-04-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157702A2 EP0157702A2 (fr) 1985-10-09
EP0157702A3 EP0157702A3 (en) 1986-02-05
EP0157702B1 true EP0157702B1 (fr) 1988-06-08

Family

ID=9302821

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400617A Expired EP0157702B1 (fr) 1984-04-04 1985-03-29 Torche de soudage ou coupage à plasma

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4590354A (es)
EP (1) EP0157702B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS60223668A (es)
AT (1) ATE35077T1 (es)
AU (1) AU573803B2 (es)
BR (1) BR8501589A (es)
CA (1) CA1249639A (es)
DE (1) DE3563293D1 (es)
DK (1) DK161749C (es)
ES (1) ES295815Y (es)
FR (1) FR2562748B1 (es)
PT (1) PT80217B (es)
ZA (1) ZA852283B (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6841754B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2005-01-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US9560732B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-01-31 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system

Families Citing this family (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2578137B1 (fr) * 1985-02-22 1987-03-27 Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche de soudage ou de coupage plasma munie d'une cartouche tuyere
IT1204121B (it) * 1986-02-27 1989-03-01 Cebora Spa Torcia di saldatura o taglio al plasma con arco non trasferito
US4691094A (en) * 1986-05-20 1987-09-01 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Plasma-arc torch with sliding gas valve interlock
FR2609591B1 (fr) * 1987-01-13 1990-12-07 Soudure Autogene Francaise Coiffe pour torche de travail a l'arc et torche correspondante
US4902871A (en) * 1987-01-30 1990-02-20 Hypertherm, Inc. Apparatus and process for cooling a plasma arc electrode
US4791268A (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-12-13 Hypertherm, Inc. Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting
US4771158A (en) * 1987-08-17 1988-09-13 C-K Systematics, Inc. Replaceable insulator for welding torch
JPH0196274U (es) * 1987-12-18 1989-06-26
FR2626206B1 (fr) * 1988-01-25 1990-05-18 Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche et machine de travail a l'arc, et cartouche pour cette torche
US4959520A (en) * 1988-02-15 1990-09-25 Daihen Corporation Detection means for an electric arc torch nozzle
US4891489A (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-01-02 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Shield cup protector apparatus for plasma arc torch
US4929811A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-05-29 The Lincoln Electric Company Plasma arc torch interlock with disabling control arrangement system
US4973816A (en) * 1989-03-28 1990-11-27 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Plasma torch with safety switch
US4967055A (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-30 Tweco Products Plasma torch
US4896016A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-01-23 Century Mfg. Co. Plasma arc metal cutting apparatus with actuation spring
US4940877A (en) * 1989-09-15 1990-07-10 Century Mfg. Co. Parts in place torch structure
IN180745B (es) * 1990-01-17 1998-03-14 Univ Sydney
IT1243170B (it) * 1990-11-29 1994-05-24 Trafimet Trafilerie Metalliche Torcia per taglio al plasma con innesco per contatto
US5105061A (en) * 1991-02-15 1992-04-14 The Lincoln Electric Company Vented electrode for a plasma torch
FR2674161B1 (fr) * 1991-03-22 1993-06-11 Soudure Autogene Francaise Pistolet de decoupage de tole.
CH687354A5 (it) * 1992-06-18 1996-11-15 Rodasky Etablissement Elettrodo per torcia per taglio al plasma e torcia atta ad utilizzare detto elettrodo.
USD379577S (en) * 1995-09-06 1997-06-03 The Esab Group, Inc. Nozzle for a plasma arc torch
US5897795A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-04-27 Hypertherm, Inc. Integral spring consumables for plasma arc torch using blow forward contact starting system
US5994663A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-11-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc torch and method using blow forward contact starting system
AT406243B (de) * 1998-01-28 2000-03-27 Inocon Technologie Gmbh Gerät mit einem plasmaerzeuger
FR2774548B1 (fr) * 1998-02-02 2000-03-03 Soudure Autogene Francaise Ensemble tuyere/porte-tuyere pour torche a plasma
US6084196A (en) * 1998-02-25 2000-07-04 General Electric Company Elevated-temperature, plasma-transferred arc welding of nickel-base superalloy articles
US6207923B1 (en) 1998-11-05 2001-03-27 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc torch tip providing a substantially columnar shield flow
US6096992A (en) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-01 The Esab Group, Inc. Low current water injection nozzle and associated method
US6362450B1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2002-03-26 The Esab Group, Inc. Gas flow for plasma arc torch
US6703581B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2004-03-09 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Contact start plasma torch
MXPA04010281A (es) * 2002-04-19 2005-06-08 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electrodo de soplete de plasma de arco.
US7253373B2 (en) * 2003-07-24 2007-08-07 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Air-cooled arc welding implement
US6969819B1 (en) * 2004-05-18 2005-11-29 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
JP4688450B2 (ja) * 2004-08-16 2011-05-25 株式会社小松製作所 プラズマ加工機、プラズマトーチ及びその部品の着脱方法
MX2007013067A (es) † 2005-04-19 2008-01-11 Hypertherm Inc Antorcha de arco de plasma que proporciona inyeccion de flujo de proteccion angular.
US20070045241A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-01 Schneider Joseph C Contact start plasma torch and method of operation
AT502423B1 (de) * 2005-09-09 2007-06-15 Fronius Int Gmbh Vorrichtung zum wechsel einer düse eines wasserdampfplasmabrenners
US10194516B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2019-01-29 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system
US9662747B2 (en) * 2006-09-13 2017-05-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch
US10098217B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2018-10-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch
US8513565B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2013-08-20 Hypertherm, Inc. Nozzle head with increased shoulder thickness
US8258423B2 (en) * 2009-08-10 2012-09-04 The Esab Group, Inc. Retract start plasma torch with reversible coolant flow
US10716199B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2020-07-14 Hypertherm, Inc. Devices for gas cooling plasma arc torches and related systems and methods
DE102014009308A1 (de) * 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Iht Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Schweiß- oder Schneidwerkzeug
DE102015001455A1 (de) 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Elektrode für einen Schweißbrenner zum Wolfram-Schutzgasschweißen und Schweißbrenner mit solcher Elektrode
US10589373B2 (en) * 2017-07-10 2020-03-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Vented plasma cutting electrode and torch using the same
CN107363425B (zh) * 2017-08-22 2019-07-19 天津大学 一种复合型压缩—自由电弧等离子弧焊系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0144267A2 (fr) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-12 La Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche de soudage ou coupage et procédé d'allumage d'un arc pour cette torche

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US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
DE2839485C2 (de) * 1978-09-11 1982-04-29 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Brenner zum Mikroplasmaschweißen
US4521666A (en) * 1982-12-23 1985-06-04 Union Carbide Corporation Plasma arc torch

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0144267A2 (fr) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-12 La Soudure Autogene Francaise Torche de soudage ou coupage et procédé d'allumage d'un arc pour cette torche

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6841754B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2005-01-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US7659488B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2010-02-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
USRE46925E1 (en) 2001-03-09 2018-06-26 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US9560732B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-01-31 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE35077T1 (de) 1988-06-15
ES295815U (es) 1987-06-16
AU4048185A (en) 1985-10-10
DK161749C (da) 1992-02-03
DK152785D0 (da) 1985-04-03
JPH0338952B2 (es) 1991-06-12
DE3563293D1 (en) 1988-07-14
US4590354A (en) 1986-05-20
EP0157702A3 (en) 1986-02-05
ZA852283B (en) 1985-11-27
FR2562748A1 (fr) 1985-10-11
PT80217A (fr) 1985-05-01
DK161749B (da) 1991-08-12
AU573803B2 (en) 1988-06-23
EP0157702A2 (fr) 1985-10-09
PT80217B (fr) 1987-08-19
ES295815Y (es) 1987-12-16
JPS60223668A (ja) 1985-11-08
FR2562748B1 (fr) 1989-06-02
DK152785A (da) 1985-10-05
CA1249639A (fr) 1989-01-31
BR8501589A (pt) 1985-12-03

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