EP0157670B1 - Transformer and method of producing it - Google Patents

Transformer and method of producing it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157670B1
EP0157670B1 EP85400408A EP85400408A EP0157670B1 EP 0157670 B1 EP0157670 B1 EP 0157670B1 EP 85400408 A EP85400408 A EP 85400408A EP 85400408 A EP85400408 A EP 85400408A EP 0157670 B1 EP0157670 B1 EP 0157670B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
electrical
magnetic
windings
circuits
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EP85400408A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0157670A1 (en
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Jean-Claude Beisser
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical transformer of any power, single-phase or polyphase, and to its manufacturing process.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks set out above by providing a transformer which can be produced quickly, with a considerably lower production investment than that required at present, resulting, consequently, in a significant reduction in the cost price, this cost price being further lowered by reducing the manufacturing costs of electrical windings and mechanical circuits.
  • the transformer which is the subject of this invention is characterized by a low operating cost, since the invention lends itself particularly well to the use of amorphous materials, which consume very little energy, both for their manufacture and for their use. for the realization of magnetic cirquits, which makes it possible, in particular, to obtain windings of low weight, therefore of low energy consumption, in operation.
  • the electric transformer considers and describes in claim 1 is characterized in that the magnetic circuits are positioned and maintained on a support plate, consisting of a metal plate enveloping the external contour of said magnetic circuits and provided with recesses for the passage of electrical windings, each magnetic circuit being immobilized on the plate so as to be at no time in permanent contact with the electrical windings.
  • a support plate consisting of a metal plate enveloping the external contour of said magnetic circuits and provided with recesses for the passage of electrical windings, each magnetic circuit being immobilized on the plate so as to be at no time in permanent contact with the electrical windings.
  • the use of a support plate makes it possible in particular to ensure rigorous and precise wedging of the magnetic circuits and, with respect to these, electrical windings which embrace them two by two. Furthermore, the support plate according to the invention is designed and arranged so that it forms an integral part, not only of the transformer itself, but also constitutes during the manufacture of the latter, an element of a machine for winding electrical windings.
  • each electrical winding, high or low voltage is produced from a wire or an aluminum strip A, wound around a carcass having the shape of a rim.
  • Each winding has a small width, opposite the usual widths, and it has a small number of turns.
  • the input and output connections C of each winding 11, 13 and 15 open into the interior surface of each annular winding carcass (Fig. 2).
  • the magnetic transformer circuit illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 therefore consists of three strictly identical elements, 10, 12, 14, coming, for each of them, to embrace two consecutive windings.
  • the window 18, 20, 22, respectively, of each elementary magnetic circuit 10, 12, 14, consists of an irregular polygon, of six ribs in this nonlimiting example of embodiment, but which has an axis of symmetry.
  • the axes of symmetry of each of the windows pass through a common point P, which is also the point of intersection of the axes of each winding.
  • Each magnetic circuit such as 10, 12, 14, consists of elementary circuits, manufactured for example by winding around a form of winding of a magnetic strip, for example made of amorphous materials, of constant width.
  • the circuits are arranged on the support plate 16, by stacking their elementary components, which are immobilized, for example; using dots of glue.
  • the magnetic circuits are at no time in permanent contact with the windings 11, 13, 15, or with their supports. They are therefore not subjected to dynamic forces, the only constraints which are exerted on them being those due to their own weight.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce magnetic circuit elements of different dimensions, but of constant width, which has a certain advantage, in particular when using amorphous materials (possibility of storing only one width, to manufacture transformers of different powers ).
  • each magnetic circuit can be inscribed in a semicircle (Fig. 6 and 6a).
  • this section can be stepped, as shown in Figure 6, this section can be obtained by successive windings of ribbons of magnetic material of defined width.
  • This section can also be polygonal, as illustrated by FIG. 6a where two magnetic circuits 10a, 12a of polygonal section are shown embracing a winding 11a.
  • the polygonal section can be obtained by winding strips of polygonal shape, wound along their long axis, these polygonal strips being generally produced by slitting strips with parallel edges. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to provide any other form of section than those illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6a.
  • the support plate 16 receiving the magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14 is produced in the form of a metal plate of sufficient thickness to support the weight of the magnetic circuits and the windings, without undergoing deformations.
  • the shape of this support plate 16 is such that it envelops the exterior contour of the magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14, and it has three openings on the exterior, 22, 24, 26, so that the support plate does not constitute, for each winding, a parasitic turn of harmful influence.
  • the magnetic circuits are maintained on the support plate by any appropriate means opposing their sliding, for example by tabs (not shown in the drawing).
  • Figure 10 being a view from below of the support plate 16, that is to say say in the inverted position relative to Figure 1.
  • these means comprise, for each winding such as 11, a yoke 28, produced using a folded sheet, which covers the part of the winding which projects under the support plate 16, as can be seen in FIG. 10.
  • This yoke 28 is fixed on the plate 16, and it comprises, in the lower part (FIG. 10 being in the inverted position relative to the effective position), two rolling axes 30 and 30 'on which the annular carcass of the winding 11 rests.
  • These axes rotate in the yoke 28, and they therefore allow the carcass of the winding 11 to rotate relative to this yoke, which ensures an axial and radial positioning of each carcass, and therefore of each corresponding winding, such as 11, by relative to the plate 16.
  • each winding such as 11
  • the carcass of each winding is then secured to the support plate 16, so that the different windings are positioned precisely with respect to the magnetic circuits.
  • fixing cubes 32, 32 ' which are fixed on the plate 16 and on the cheeks of the carcasses of the windings.
  • the yoke 28 can be used, according to the invention, for winding up the strips or wires of conductive material on the annular carcasses, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the winding of the windings is carried out, in fact, by subjecting the carcass 11 to a rotational movement on the shafts 30 and 30 ′, using a geared motor 34 driving a shaft 36, for example covered with rubber, which is applied to the periphery of the two cheeks of the carcass.
  • the winding of the strip B of the conductive material (preferably aluminum) and its insulating strips is controlled using an electronic counter 38, actuated by a magnetic detector 40, positioned in a housing 40 'made in the yoke 28, which is excited by a metal counting pad 42, fixed to the outer cheek of the carcass.
  • the annular carcasses on which the windings are wound can be produced in various ways. They may consist, for example, of two side flanges or side plates each provided with an axial recess comprising a shoulder, so as to be able to wind, around the shoulders, an insulating strip which constitutes the axis of the carcass. A coil with an insulating axis is thus produced, which ensures continuity of the insulation of the windings opposite the portions of the inner magnetic circuit at each bearing, which constitutes an important advantage compared with the devices according to the prior art, where this advantage is obtained using expensive and fragile nestings.
  • the invention is not limited to the production of polyphase transformers. It makes it possible, in the same way as described above, to produce single-phase transformers.
  • Figure 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a single-phase transformer according to the present invention, which comprises a magnetic circuit 44 and two electrical windings 46, 46 '
  • Figure 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a single-phase transformer according to the invention which comprises two magnetic circuits 48, 48 ' , and a single electrical winding 50.

Abstract

An electric transformer includes a magnetic circuit and, for each phase, an electrical winding including at least one coil, wherein each electrical winding is made of a good conductive material wire or band, notably aluminum, wound about a wheel rim-shaped annular former. Each magnetic circuit is made of at least one elementary circuit, provided by coiling a magnetic metal strip of constant width, and is formed with a window for the passage of the corresponding winding or windings, has the shape of an irregular polygon with an axis of symmetry. The magnetic circuits are positioned and maintained on a support plate allowing the passage of the windings.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un transformateur électrique de toute puissance, monophasé ou polyphasé, et à son procédé de fabrication.The present invention relates to an electrical transformer of any power, single-phase or polyphase, and to its manufacturing process.

On connaît les différentes façons de réaliser un transformateur:

  • 1. soit, on commence par réaliser les enroulements électriques, puis on constitue le circuit magnétique autour des enroulements électriques. Ce procédé est celui qui est généralement utilisé en Europe. Son inconvénient essentiel réside dans la discontinuité du circuit magnétique (qui est réalisé, soit par enroulement de feuillard et découpe, soit par juxtaposition de pièces découpées dans des feuillards), qui constitue un élément fortement négatif pour atteindre un rendement économique optimal. En outre, le matériau magnétique est sous-utilisé. A titre indicatif, une telle solution est illustrée dans les brevets FR-A-2.225.820 ou 2.518.306, ou bien encore dans le US-A-2.245.180.
  • 2. soit, on commence par réaliser le circuit magnétique, puis on bobine les enroulements électriques autour des circuits ainsi obtenus. Le bobinage peut être effectué à l'aide d'une machine à bobiner torique, mais cette technique est fort longue, et donc coûteuse, et elle est limitée par les capacités des machines actuellement disponibles. On peut également réaliser ce bobinage en faisant tourner un support cylindrique autour du circuit magnétique, en enroulant le fil ou la bande conductrice sur ce support. Cette technique présente un grand intérêt, mais son développement se heurte à des difficultés de mise en oeuvre non encore surmontées:
    • - vitesse de bobinage reste faible, par suite du faible jeu support de bobinage/circuit magnétique, et de la difficulté à positionner et stabiliser ces deux éléments, pour cette opération;
    • - les entrées et les sorties des enroulements électriques posent des problèmes, notamment en ce qui concerne leur localisation, leur passage au travers des fenêtres des circuits magnétiques lors du bobinage, et leur protection pendant cette même opération;
    • - le calage, qui est ensuite réalisé, des enroulements électriques sur le circuit magnétique, reste difficile, et il doit faire appel à des systèmes mécaniques annexes, compliqués et coûteux. La tenue aux efforts dynamiques, lors des courts-circuits, de l'ensemble enroulements électriques/ circuits magnétiques, vitale pour le transformateur, dépend de ce calage.
We know the different ways of making a transformer:
  • 1. Either, we start by making the electrical windings, then we constitute the magnetic circuit around the electrical windings. This process is the one generally used in Europe. Its essential drawback lies in the discontinuity of the magnetic circuit (which is produced either by winding a strip and cutting, or by juxtaposition of pieces cut from strips), which constitutes a strongly negative element in order to achieve optimum economic efficiency. In addition, the magnetic material is underused. As an indication, such a solution is illustrated in patents FR-A-2,225,820 or 2,518,306, or even in US-A-2,245,180.
  • 2. Either, we start by making the magnetic circuit, then we wind the electrical windings around the circuits thus obtained. Winding can be carried out using an O-ring winding machine, but this technique is very long, and therefore expensive, and is limited by the capacities of the machines currently available. This winding can also be achieved by rotating a cylindrical support around the magnetic circuit, by winding the wire or the conductive strip on this support. This technique is of great interest, but its development comes up against implementation difficulties not yet overcome:
    • - winding speed remains low, due to the low clearance of the winding support / magnetic circuit, and the difficulty in positioning and stabilizing these two elements, for this operation;
    • - The inputs and outputs of the electrical windings pose problems, in particular as regards their location, their passage through the windows of the magnetic circuits during winding, and their protection during this same operation;
    • - The timing, which is then carried out, of the electrical windings on the magnetic circuit, remains difficult, and it must use additional mechanical systems, complicated and expensive. The resistance to dynamic forces, during short circuits, of the electrical windings / magnetic circuits assembly, vital for the transformer, depends on this setting.

Par ailleurs, dans la mise en oeuvre des deux procédés examinés ci-dessus, les matériaux ne sont pas employés à leur capacité maximale. Ces procédés connus ne permettent donc pas de tendre vers le coût économique le plus faible, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la fabrication et l'exploitation des transformateurs ainsi réalisés que l'énergie consommée (pertes «Fer» dues au circuit magnetique, et pertes «cuivre» dues aux enroulements).Furthermore, in the implementation of the two methods examined above, the materials are not used to their maximum capacity. These known methods therefore do not make it possible to aim for the lowest economic cost, both with regard to the manufacture and operation of the transformers thus produced and with the energy consumed (“Iron” losses due to the magnetic circuit, and losses "Copper" due to windings).

La présente invention se propose de remédier aux inconvénients exposés ci-dessus en apportant un transformateur pouvant être produit rapidement, avec un investissement de production considérablement plus faible que celui nécessaire à l'heure actuelle, se traduisant, par conséquent, par une diminution importante des prix de revient, ce prix de revient étant encore abaissé par une réduction des coûts de fabrication des enroulements électriques et des circuits mécaniques. Enfin, le transformateur objet de cette invention se caractérise pat un coût d'exploitation faible, étant donné que l'invention se prête particulièrement bien à l'utilisation de matériaux amorphes, très peu voraces en énergie, tant pour leur fabrication que pour leur utilisation pour la réalisation des cirquits magnetiques, ce qui permet, en particulier, d'obtenir des enroulements de faible poids, donc de faible consommation en énergie, en exploitation.The present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks set out above by providing a transformer which can be produced quickly, with a considerably lower production investment than that required at present, resulting, consequently, in a significant reduction in the cost price, this cost price being further lowered by reducing the manufacturing costs of electrical windings and mechanical circuits. Finally, the transformer which is the subject of this invention is characterized by a low operating cost, since the invention lends itself particularly well to the use of amorphous materials, which consume very little energy, both for their manufacture and for their use. for the realization of magnetic cirquits, which makes it possible, in particular, to obtain windings of low weight, therefore of low energy consumption, in operation.

Selon l'invention, le transformateur éléctrique considère et décrit à la revendication 1 se caractérise en ce que les circuits magnétiques sont positionnés et maintenus sur un plateau support, constitué d'une plaque métallique enveloppant le contour extérieur desdits circuits magnétiques et pourvue d'évidements pour le passage des enroulements électriques, chaque circuits magnétique étant immobilisé sur le plateau pour n'être a aucun moment en contact permanent avec les enroulements électriques. D'autres aspects de l'invention sont decrit dans les revendications in- dependentes 11 et 12.According to the invention, the electric transformer considers and describes in claim 1 is characterized in that the magnetic circuits are positioned and maintained on a support plate, consisting of a metal plate enveloping the external contour of said magnetic circuits and provided with recesses for the passage of electrical windings, each magnetic circuit being immobilized on the plate so as to be at no time in permanent contact with the electrical windings. Other aspects of the invention are described in independent claims 11 and 12.

L'utilisation d'un plateau de support permet en particulier d'assurer un calage rigoureux et précis des circuits magnétiques et vis-à-vis de ces derniers, des enroulements électriques qui les embrassent deux à deux. Par ailleurs, le plateau de support selon l'invention est conçu et agencé de telle sorte qu'il fasse partie intégrante, non seulement du transformateur lui-même, mais constitue également au cours de la fabrication de ce dernier, un élément d'une machine permettant le bobinage des enroulements électriques.The use of a support plate makes it possible in particular to ensure rigorous and precise wedging of the magnetic circuits and, with respect to these, electrical windings which embrace them two by two. Furthermore, the support plate according to the invention is designed and arranged so that it forms an integral part, not only of the transformer itself, but also constitutes during the manufacture of the latter, an element of a machine for winding electrical windings.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de cette invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés, qui en illustrent divers exemples de réalisation, dépourvus de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les dessins:

  • - la Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un transformateur de distribution triphasé selon l'invention;
  • - la Figure 2 est une vue en perspective des trois enroulements électriques du transformateur selon la Figure 1 ;
  • - la Figure 3 est une vue en plan de la Figure 2;
  • - la Figure 4 est une vue en plan d'un transforma- teurtriphasé selon la Figure 1;
  • - la Figure 5 représente, en plan, le support en forme de plateau du transformateur selon la Figure 4;
  • - les Figures 6 et 6a sont des vues en coupe verticale, à échelles différentes, illustrant deux formes de réalisation des circuits magnétiques d'un transformateur selon cette invention;
  • - les Figures 7 et 8 illustrent deux exemples de réalisation d'un transformateur monophasé selon cette invention;
  • - la Figure 9 est une vue schématique, en perspective, d'un dispositif selon l'invention pour la réalisation d'un enroulement d'un transformateur objet de cette invention; et,
  • - la Figure 10 est une vue de dessous illustrant le mode de fixation d'un enroulement électrique.
Other characteristics and advantages of this invention will emerge from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate various embodiments thereof, devoid of any limiting character. In the drawings:
  • - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a three-phase distribution transformer according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a perspective view of the three electrical windings of the transformer according to Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 4 is a plan view of a three-phase transformer according to Figure 1;
  • - Figure 5 shows, in plan, the tray-shaped support of the transformer according to Figure 4;
  • - Figures 6 and 6a are views in vertical section, on different scales, illustrating two embodiments of the magnetic circuits of a transformer according to this invention;
  • - Figures 7 and 8 illustrate two examples of realization of a single-phase transformer according to this invention;
  • - Figure 9 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the invention for producing a winding of a transformer object of this invention; and,
  • - Figure 10 is a bottom view illustrating the method of fixing an electrical winding.

La Figure 1 représente, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un transformateur triphasé selon l'invention. Ce transformateur comprend esentielle- ment:

  • - trois circuits magnétiques 10, 12, 14, constitués chacun d'une pluralité de circuits élémentaires, réalisés par exemple par enroulements de rubans de tôle magnétique;
  • - trois enroulements électriques haute et basse tension, 11, 13, 15, constitués chacun d'un fil ou d'une bande d'un métal bon conducteur, tel que l'aluminium, enroulé autour d'une carcasse annulaire, comme on le décrira en détail ci-après, et supportés par le même dispositif, pour chacun des couples haute et basse tension;
  • - un plateau 16, pour supporter les circuits magnétiques et les enroulements électriques; et
  • - des moyens de maintien des enroulements (non visibles sur la Figure 1, mais décrits ci-après en détail en référence à la Figure 10).
Figure 1 shows, by way of nonlimiting example, a three-phase transformer according to the invention. This transformer essentially comprises:
  • - Three magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14, each consisting of a plurality of elementary circuits, produced for example by winding tapes of magnetic sheet;
  • - three high and low voltage electrical windings, 11, 13, 15, each consisting of a wire or a strip of a good conductive metal, such as aluminum, wound around an annular carcass, as is will describe in detail below, and supported by the same device, for each of the high and low voltage couples;
  • - a plate 16, to support the magnetic circuits and the electrical windings; and
  • - Winding holding means (not visible in Figure 1, but described below in detail with reference to Figure 10).

Les enroulements 11, 13, et 15 sont disposés de telle façon que les plans comprenant leurs faces internes, 11', 13' et 15' forment des trièdres d'angle 60°, dont les sommets constituent les points de tangence des enroulements, les axes radiaux des enroulements étant dans un même plan (Figure 3). Selon l'invention, chaque enroulement électrique, haute ou basse tension, est réalisé à partir d'un fil ou d'une bande d'aluminium A, enroulée autour d'une carcasse ayant la forme d'une jante. Chaque enroulement présente une faible largeur, en regard des largeurs habituelles, et il comporte un faible nombre de spires. Les connexions d'entrée et de sortie C de chaque enroulement 11, 13 et 15 débouchent dans la surface intérieure de chaque carcasse annulaire d'enroulement (Fig. 2).The windings 11, 13, and 15 are arranged in such a way that the planes comprising their internal faces, 11 ', 13' and 15 'form trihedra of angle 60 °, the vertices of which constitute the points of tangency of the windings, the radial axes of the windings being in the same plane (Figure 3). According to the invention, each electrical winding, high or low voltage, is produced from a wire or an aluminum strip A, wound around a carcass having the shape of a rim. Each winding has a small width, opposite the usual widths, and it has a small number of turns. The input and output connections C of each winding 11, 13 and 15 open into the interior surface of each annular winding carcass (Fig. 2).

Le circuit magnétique de transformateur illustré par les Figures 1 à 5 est donc constitué de trois éléments strictement identiques, 10, 12, 14, venant, pour chacun d'eux, embrasser deux enroulements consécutifs. La fenêtre 18, 20, 22, respectivement, de chaque circuit magnétique élémentaire 10,12,14, est constituée d'un polygone irrégulier, de six côtes dans cet exemple de réalisation non limitatif, mais qui possède un axe de symétrie. Comme on peut le voir sur la Figure 4, les axes de symétrie de chacune des fenêtres passent par un point commun P, qui est aussi le point de concours des axes de chaque enroulement.The magnetic transformer circuit illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 therefore consists of three strictly identical elements, 10, 12, 14, coming, for each of them, to embrace two consecutive windings. The window 18, 20, 22, respectively, of each elementary magnetic circuit 10, 12, 14, consists of an irregular polygon, of six ribs in this nonlimiting example of embodiment, but which has an axis of symmetry. As can be seen in Figure 4, the axes of symmetry of each of the windows pass through a common point P, which is also the point of intersection of the axes of each winding.

Chaque circuit magnétique, tel que 10, 12, 14, est constitué de circuits élémentaires, fabriqués par exemple par enroulement autour d'une forme de bobinage d'un feuillard magnétique, par exemple en matériaux amorphes, de largeur constante. Les circuits sont disposés sur le plateau support 16, par empilage de leurs composants élémentaires, qui sont immobilisés, par exemple; l'aide de points de colle. Les circuits magnétiques ne sont à aucun moment en contact permanent avec les enroulements 11, 13, 15, ou avec leurs supports. Ils ne sont donc pas soumis à des efforts dynamiques, les seules contraintes qui s'exercent sur eux étant celles dues à leur propre poids. L'invention permet de réaliser des éléments de circuit magnétique de dimensions différentes, mais de largeur constante, ce qui présente un avantage certain, notamment lorsqu'on utilise des matériaux amorphes (possibilité de stocker une seule largeur, pour fabriquer des transformateurs de puissances différentes).Each magnetic circuit, such as 10, 12, 14, consists of elementary circuits, manufactured for example by winding around a form of winding of a magnetic strip, for example made of amorphous materials, of constant width. The circuits are arranged on the support plate 16, by stacking their elementary components, which are immobilized, for example; using dots of glue. The magnetic circuits are at no time in permanent contact with the windings 11, 13, 15, or with their supports. They are therefore not subjected to dynamic forces, the only constraints which are exerted on them being those due to their own weight. The invention makes it possible to produce magnetic circuit elements of different dimensions, but of constant width, which has a certain advantage, in particular when using amorphous materials (possibility of storing only one width, to manufacture transformers of different powers ).

La section de chaque circuit magnétique peut s'inscrire dans un demicercle (Fig. 6 et 6a). Par exemple, cette section peut être en gradins, comme représenté sur la Figure 6, cette section pouvant être obtenue par enroulements successifs de rubans de matériau magnétique de largeur définie. Cette section peut être également polygonale, comme illustré par la Figure 6a où l'on a représenté deux circuits magnétiques 10a, 12a de section polygonale embrassant un enroulement 11 a. Dans ce cas, la section polygonale peut être obtenue par enroulement de feuillards de forme polygonale, enroulés selon leur grand axe, ces feuillards polygonaux étant généralement réalisés par refendage en biais de feuillards à bords parallèles. On peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, prévoir toute autre forme de section que celles illustrées par les Figures 6 et 6a.The section of each magnetic circuit can be inscribed in a semicircle (Fig. 6 and 6a). For example, this section can be stepped, as shown in Figure 6, this section can be obtained by successive windings of ribbons of magnetic material of defined width. This section can also be polygonal, as illustrated by FIG. 6a where two magnetic circuits 10a, 12a of polygonal section are shown embracing a winding 11a. In this case, the polygonal section can be obtained by winding strips of polygonal shape, wound along their long axis, these polygonal strips being generally produced by slitting strips with parallel edges. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to provide any other form of section than those illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6a.

Le plateau support 16 recevant les circuits magnétiques 10, 12, 14 est réalisé sous la forme d'une plaque métallique d'épaisseur suffisante pour supporter le poids des circuits magnétiques et des enroulements, sans subir de déformations. Comme on peut le voir sur la Figure 5, la forme de ce plateau support 16 est telle qu'elle enveloppe le contour extérieur des circuits magnétiques 10, 12, 14, et elle présente trois évidements ouverts sur l'extérieur, 22, 24, 26, afin que le plateau support ne constitue pas, pour chaque enroulement, une spire parasite d'influence néfaste.The support plate 16 receiving the magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14 is produced in the form of a metal plate of sufficient thickness to support the weight of the magnetic circuits and the windings, without undergoing deformations. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the shape of this support plate 16 is such that it envelops the exterior contour of the magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14, and it has three openings on the exterior, 22, 24, 26, so that the support plate does not constitute, for each winding, a parasitic turn of harmful influence.

Les circuits magnétiques sont maintenus sur le plateau support par tout moyen approprié s'opposant à leur glissement, par exemple par des taquets (non représentés sur le dessin).The magnetic circuits are maintained on the support plate by any appropriate means opposing their sliding, for example by tabs (not shown in the drawing).

On décrira maintenant les moyens prévus par l'invention pour supporter les enroulements 11, 13 et 15, en se référant plus particulièrement aux Figures 9 et 10, la Figure 10 étant une vue du dessous du plateau support 16, c'est-à-dire en position retournée par rapport à la Figure 1.We will now describe the means provided by the invention for supporting the windings 11, 13 and 15, with particular reference to Figures 9 and 10, Figure 10 being a view from below of the support plate 16, that is to say say in the inverted position relative to Figure 1.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation non limitatif, ces moyens comportent, pour chaque enroulement tel que 11, une chape 28, réalisée à l'aide d'une tôle pliée, qui vient coiffer la partie de l'enroulement qui fait saillie sous le plateau support 16, comme on le voit sur la Figure 10. Cette chape 28 est fixée sur le plateau 16, et elle comporte, en partie basse (la Figure 10 étant en position retournée par rapport à la position effective), deux axes de roulement 30 et 30' sur lesquels repose la carcasse annulaire de l'enroulement 11. Ces axes tourillonnent dans la chape 28, et ils permettent donc à la carcasse de l'enroulement 11 de tourner par rapport à cette chape, ce qui assure un positionnement axial et radial de chaque carcasse, et donc de chaque enroulement correspondant, tel que 11, par rapport au plateau 16. On solidarise ensuit la carcasse de chaque enroulement, tel que 11, au plateau support 16, pour que les diffe- rents enroulements soient positionnés avec précision par rapport aux circuits magnétiques. A cet effet, on peut prévoir des cubes de fixation 32, 32', qui se fixent sur le plateau 16 et sur les joues des carcasses des enroulements.In this nonlimiting exemplary embodiment, these means comprise, for each winding such as 11, a yoke 28, produced using a folded sheet, which covers the part of the winding which projects under the support plate 16, as can be seen in FIG. 10. This yoke 28 is fixed on the plate 16, and it comprises, in the lower part (FIG. 10 being in the inverted position relative to the effective position), two rolling axes 30 and 30 'on which the annular carcass of the winding 11 rests. These axes rotate in the yoke 28, and they therefore allow the carcass of the winding 11 to rotate relative to this yoke, which ensures an axial and radial positioning of each carcass, and therefore of each corresponding winding, such as 11, by relative to the plate 16. The carcass of each winding, such as 11, is then secured to the support plate 16, so that the different windings are positioned precisely with respect to the magnetic circuits. For this purpose, one can provide fixing cubes 32, 32 ', which are fixed on the plate 16 and on the cheeks of the carcasses of the windings.

La chape 28 peut être utilisée, selon l'invention, pour réaliser l'enroulements des bandes ou fils de matériau conducteur sur les carcasses annulaires, comme on l'a représenté sur la Figure 9.The yoke 28 can be used, according to the invention, for winding up the strips or wires of conductive material on the annular carcasses, as shown in FIG. 9.

Le bobinage des enroulements s'effectue, en effet, en faisant subir à la carcasse 11 un mouvement de rotation sur les arbres 30 et 30', à l'aide d'un moto-réducteur 34 entraînant un arbre 36, recouvert par exemple de caoutchouc, qui est appliqué sur la périphérie des deux joues de la carcasse. L'enroulement de la bande B du matériau conducteur (aluminium, de préférence) et de ses bandes isolantes est contrôle à l'aide d'un compteur électronique 38, actionné par un détecteur magnétique 40, positionné dans un logement 40' pratiqué dans la chape 28, qui est excité par une pastille métallique de comptage 42, fixée sur la joue extérieure de la carcasse. Cette disposition permet une réalisation très précise de chaque enroulement du transformateur objet de l'invention. On peut associer à ce dispositif un microprocesseur, qui assure une robotisation de l'ensemble des opérations. Les dispositif qui vient d'être décrit permet de réaliser des ensembles enroulements-carcasses mécaniquement très robustes, supportant les efforts électrodynamiques lors des courts-circuits.The winding of the windings is carried out, in fact, by subjecting the carcass 11 to a rotational movement on the shafts 30 and 30 ′, using a geared motor 34 driving a shaft 36, for example covered with rubber, which is applied to the periphery of the two cheeks of the carcass. The winding of the strip B of the conductive material (preferably aluminum) and its insulating strips is controlled using an electronic counter 38, actuated by a magnetic detector 40, positioned in a housing 40 'made in the yoke 28, which is excited by a metal counting pad 42, fixed to the outer cheek of the carcass. This arrangement allows a very precise realization of each winding of the transformer object of the invention. We can associate with this device a microprocessor, which ensures robotization of all operations. The device which has just been described makes it possible to produce mechanically very robust winding-carcass assemblies, supporting the electrodynamic forces during short circuits.

Les carcasses annulaires sur lesquelles sont bobinés les enroulements peuvent être réalisées de diverses façons. Elles peuvent être constituées, par exemple, de deux joues ou flasques latéraux munis chacun d'un évidement axial comportant un épaulement, de manière à pouvoir enrouler, autour des épaulements, une bande isolante qui constitue l'axe de la carcasse. On réalise ainsi une bobine à axe isolante, ce qui assure une continuité de l'isolement des enroulements en regard des portions de circuit magnétique intérieur à chaque roulement, ce qui constitue un avantage important par rapport aux dispositifs selon la technique antérieure, où cet avantage est obtenu à l'aide d'emboîtements coûteux et fragiles.The annular carcasses on which the windings are wound can be produced in various ways. They may consist, for example, of two side flanges or side plates each provided with an axial recess comprising a shoulder, so as to be able to wind, around the shoulders, an insulating strip which constitutes the axis of the carcass. A coil with an insulating axis is thus produced, which ensures continuity of the insulation of the windings opposite the portions of the inner magnetic circuit at each bearing, which constitutes an important advantage compared with the devices according to the prior art, where this advantage is obtained using expensive and fragile nestings.

Les différentes étapes du procédé de réalisation d'un transformateur selon cette invention sont les suivantes:

  • 1. bobinage des circuits magnétiques élémentaires destinés à constituer ultérieurement les circuits 10,12,14;
  • 2. recuit des circuits magnétiques élémentaires ainsi réalisés;
  • 3. contrôle des caractéristiques des circuits: magnétiques (mesure des VA et des watts); dimensionnelles;
  • 4. parallèlement aux opérations ci-dessus, réalisation, successivement, du découpage du plateau support 16, du perçage des évidements 22, 24, 26 dans ce plateau, de son ébavurage et de la fixation d'un isolant éventuel, afin d'éviter la mise en court-circuit des spires des circuits magnétiques reposant sur le plateau;
  • 5. découpe et pliage des chapes 28 supportant les enroulements 11, 13, 15;
  • 6. réalisation des arbres de roulement 30, 30', et montage de ces arbres dans les chapes 28 respectives;
  • 7. montage des chapes 28 sur le plateau 16, destiné à supporter les circuits magnétiques;
  • 8. montage des circuits magnétiques 10,12, 14 sur le plateau support 16;
  • 9. montage des carcasses annulaires de bobinage des enroulements;
  • 10. bobinage des enroulements 11, 13, 15 haute et basse tention;
  • 11. calage et fixation des enroulements 11, 13, 15 sur les chapes 28, par exemple à l'aide de systèmes tels que les cubes de fixation 32, 32' décrits ci-dessus;
  • 12. contrôle, et, dans le cas d'un transformateur en cuve immergé: séchage, par passage en étuve (cette opération s'effectue très rapidement, en raison de l'absence de toute pièce en bois, ce qui permet d'économiser à la fois de l'énergie et du temps); mise en cuve, exécution du câblage (assemblage mécanique vis-écrous ou cosses enfichables); mise sous vide, remplissage d'huile, et, contrôle final.
The different stages of the process for producing a transformer according to this invention are as follows:
  • 1. winding of the elementary magnetic circuits intended to subsequently constitute the circuits 10,12,14;
  • 2. annealing of the elementary magnetic circuits thus produced;
  • 3. control of the characteristics of the circuits: magnetic (measurement of VA and watts); dimensional;
  • 4. parallel to the above operations, successively carrying out the cutting of the support plate 16, the drilling of the recesses 22, 24, 26 in this plate, its deburring and the fixing of any insulation, in order to avoid short-circuiting the turns of the magnetic circuits resting on the plate;
  • 5. cutting and folding of the yokes 28 supporting the windings 11, 13, 15;
  • 6. production of the bearing shafts 30, 30 ′, and mounting of these shafts in the respective yokes 28;
  • 7. mounting the yokes 28 on the plate 16, intended to support the magnetic circuits;
  • 8. mounting of the magnetic circuits 10, 12, 14 on the support plate 16;
  • 9. assembly of the annular winding carcasses of the windings;
  • 10. winding of windings 11, 13, 15 high and low retention;
  • 11. wedging and fixing the windings 11, 13, 15 on the yokes 28, for example using systems such as the fixing cubes 32, 32 'described above;
  • 12. control, and, in the case of a submerged tank transformer: drying, by passage in an oven (this operation is carried out very quickly, due to the absence of any wooden part, which saves both energy and time); placing in tank, execution of wiring (mechanical assembly of screw-nuts or plug-in terminals); vacuum, oil filling, and final control.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à la réalisation de transformateurs polyphasés. Elle permet en effet de réaliser, de la même façon que décrit ci-dessus, des transformateurs monophasés.The invention is not limited to the production of polyphase transformers. It makes it possible, in the same way as described above, to produce single-phase transformers.

La Figure 7 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un transformateur monophasé selon la présente invention, qui comporte un circuit magnétique 44 et deux enroulements électriques 46, 46', et la Figure 8 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un transformateur monophasé selon l'invention qui comporte deux circuits magnétiques 48, 48', et un seul enroulement électrique 50.Figure 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a single-phase transformer according to the present invention, which comprises a magnetic circuit 44 and two electrical windings 46, 46 ', and Figure 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a single-phase transformer according to the invention which comprises two magnetic circuits 48, 48 ' , and a single electrical winding 50.

Claims (12)

1. Electrical transformer, comprising at least one magnetic circuit and, for each phase, an electrical winding comprising at least one coil, each electrical winding (11, 13, 15) being constituted of a wire or strip of good conducting material, notably of aluminium, and each magnetic circuit (10, 12, 14) being formed of at least one elementary circuit, constructed by winding a magnetic strip and forming an aperture (18, 20, 22) for the passage of the corresponding electrical winding or windings, each winding of magnetic strip having the form of an irregular polygon possessing an axis of symmetry, characterized in that the magnetic circuits are positioned and held on a support plate (16), constituted of a metal plate encompassing the external contour of said magnetic circuits and provided with cut-outs (22, 24, 26) for the passage of the electrical windings, each magnetic circuit (10, 12, 14) being secured on the plate so as not to be, at any instant, in permanent contact with the electrical windings (11,13,15).
2. Polyphase electrical transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical windings (11, 13, 15) are cylindrical and are disposed contiguous by their internal faces in such a way that the planes passing through these faces (11', 13', 15') form in pairs a dihedron of 60° angle, the magnetic circuits (10, 12, 14) secured on the plate (16) embracing said electrical windings in pairs.
3. Electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each electrical winding (11, 13, 15) is formed on an annular carcass in the form of a wheel rim, possesses a small number of turns and comprises input and output connections, for high and low voltage, which lead out at the internal surface of said annular carcass.
4. Electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,characterized in that each magnetic circuit (10, 12, 14) is made up by stacking elementary components formed by windings of a magnetic strip around a coil former.
5. Electrical transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that the stack of the elementary components of each magnetic circuit (10, 12, 14) is secured on the support plate (16) by means of spots of adhesive.
6. Electrical transformer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross-section of each magnetic circuit is so determined that it can be inscribed in a semicircle, said cross- section having a stepped or polygonal contour.
7. Electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cut-outs (22, 24, 26) of the support plate (16) are open towards the outside of the plate, to prevent said plate from forming a parasitic turn for each winding.
8. Electrical transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that the annular carcass having the form of a wheel rim for each electrical winding (11, 13, 15) rests on a cover (28) fixed beneath the support plate (16) and is equipped with two parallel shafts (30, 30'), on which said wheel rim rests, rotatably driven on said shafts for the winding-on of the corresponding electrical winding (11, 13, 15), said wheel rim equipped whith its coil being fixed to the support plate (16) with precise axial and radial positioning relative to the plate.
9. Electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the magnetic circuits (10, 12, 14) are constructed by means of amorphous magnetic materials.
10. Electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the winding of magnetic strips of each magnetic circuit (10, 12,14) has a constant width.
11. Installation for the production of an electrical transformer according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a motor-reduction gear unit (34), the shaft (36) of which is applied onto the periphery of the wheel rim constituting the annular carcass for an electrical winding (11, 13, 15) to cause it to be driven in rotation and said winding to be wound, and an electronic counter (38), actuated by a detector (40), itself excited by a counting pellet (42) mounted on said wheel rim and viewed by the detector disposed opposite it through a hole (40') provided in the cover (28).
12. Process for the production of an electrical transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 10 comprising magnetic circuits, electrical windings and a plate for supporting and positioning said windings whit respect to said circuits, characterized in that it consists of:
- winding magnetic circuits intended for later constituting the circuits (10, 12, 14), then baking them;
- checking the dimensional and magnetic characteristics of said circuits;
- in parallel to these operations, constructing the support plate (16);
- forming covers (28) intended for supporting and fixing the electrical windings (11, 13,15);
- constructing rolling shafts (30, 30') and mounting them in the respective covers (28);
- mounting the covers on the support plate (16);
- mounting the magnetic circuits (10, 12, 14) on the support plate;
- mounting the annular winding carcasses for the electrical windings;
- winding-on the high and low voltage windings onto each annular carcass;
- keying and fixing the windings (11, 13, 15) on the covers (28);
- and carrying out the operations of connecting and wiring the assembly thus obtained and then of checking it.
EP85400408A 1984-03-06 1985-03-04 Transformer and method of producing it Expired EP0157670B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400408T ATE38736T1 (en) 1984-03-06 1985-03-04 TRANSFORMER AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8403465 1984-03-06
FR8403465A FR2561033B1 (en) 1984-03-06 1984-03-06 TRANSFORMER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

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EP0157670A1 EP0157670A1 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0157670B1 true EP0157670B1 (en) 1988-11-17

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US (1) US4639705A (en)
EP (1) EP0157670B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60207320A (en)
AT (1) ATE38736T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3945585A (en)
CA (1) CA1229390A (en)
DE (1) DE3566321D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2561033B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5202664A (en) * 1992-01-28 1993-04-13 Poulsen Peder Ulrik Three phase transformer with frame shaped winding assemblies
IL126748A0 (en) 1998-10-26 1999-08-17 Amt Ltd Three-phase transformer and method for manufacturing same
SE0000410D0 (en) * 2000-02-06 2000-02-06 Lennart Hoeglund Three phase transformer core
US6885536B1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2005-04-26 The Texas A&M University System Method and apparatus for magnetically generating motion with high precision
WO2006040074A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-20 Volker Werner Hanser Toroidal core transformer
US7423853B2 (en) * 2006-06-09 2008-09-09 Schumacher Electric Corporation Aluminum wound transformer
WO2012157053A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 株式会社日立製作所 Reactor device and power converter employing same
EP2618346B1 (en) * 2012-01-18 2020-11-04 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Transformer-core
DE102012202578A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Multiphase converters
CN102945734B (en) * 2012-09-05 2015-09-02 广东岭先技术投资企业（有限合伙） A kind of power transformer of modular combination
CN103745815A (en) * 2014-01-07 2014-04-23 胡宝良 Planar triangular three-phase transformer
CN104167281A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-11-26 海鸿电气有限公司 Method for leading high-voltage leads of tridimensional toroidal core open-type dry transformer
JP6378287B2 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-08-22 ファナック株式会社 Three-phase AC reactor having a coil directly connected to an external device and method for manufacturing the same
CN112885577B (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-10-08 中变集团上海变压器有限公司 Dry-type transformer with oval iron core

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US2245180A (en) * 1940-02-20 1941-06-10 Gen Electric Assembling electromagnetic induction apparatus
US2490506A (en) * 1946-11-14 1949-12-06 Gen Electric Distribution transformer coil support
FR1007119A (en) * 1948-02-26 1952-05-02 Electromagnetic system, especially in the form of a transformer
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US3129399A (en) * 1960-02-11 1964-04-14 Hansen Hans Christian Plural part core with exposed wound-core portion
FR2225820A2 (en) * 1973-04-13 1974-11-08 Unelec Polyphase transformer with increased space factor - has individual polygonal wound and cut magnetic circuits
FR2398376A1 (en) * 1977-07-22 1979-02-16 Unelec HIGH MECHANICAL RESISTANCE POLYPHASE TRANSFORMER
FR2518306B1 (en) * 1981-12-11 1986-11-28 Transfix Soc Nouv ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
FR2522189A1 (en) * 1982-02-19 1983-08-26 Transfix Soc Nouv METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER, TRANSFORMER THUS PRODUCED AND WHEEL FOR THE WINDING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4639705A (en) 1987-01-27
ATE38736T1 (en) 1988-12-15
FR2561033A1 (en) 1985-09-13
DE3566321D1 (en) 1988-12-22
EP0157670A1 (en) 1985-10-09
JPS60207320A (en) 1985-10-18
CA1229390A (en) 1987-11-17
AU3945585A (en) 1985-09-12
FR2561033B1 (en) 1988-11-10

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