EP0156363A2 - Solid fuel gasifying combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Solid fuel gasifying combustion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156363A2
EP0156363A2 EP85103590A EP85103590A EP0156363A2 EP 0156363 A2 EP0156363 A2 EP 0156363A2 EP 85103590 A EP85103590 A EP 85103590A EP 85103590 A EP85103590 A EP 85103590A EP 0156363 A2 EP0156363 A2 EP 0156363A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ash
grate
gas
filling shaft
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85103590A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0156363A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Dr. Viessmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843411822 external-priority patent/DE3411822A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19843421972 external-priority patent/DE3421972A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0156363A2 publication Critical patent/EP0156363A2/en
Publication of EP0156363A3 publication Critical patent/EP0156363A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/24—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using rotating grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/08—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom with fuel-deflecting bodies forming free combustion spaces inside the fuel layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/10—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom with the combustion zone at the bottom of fuel-filled conduits ending at the surface of a fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid fuel gasification according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Solid fuel gasification furnaces of the type mentioned are known, for example, from DE-PS 829 482.
  • This is a generator gas firing system with descending gasification, the actual firing area being partially surrounded by cooling air chambers and the cooling air flowing through flowing into the secondary heating surface to be connected in addition to the gases formed in the combustion chamber.
  • the cooling air chambers are arranged with the intention of making the generator as light as possible in order to avoid heavy shaft lining. This objective is achieved, however, by the effort in terms of the arrangement and design of the cooling air chambers, which, however, do not even cover the side flanks of the furnace. If this were the case, there would be an even greater effort.
  • the invention is accordingly based on the object of improving a solid fuel gasification of the type mentioned in such a way that, despite the use of refractory material, no bricking is required and this material is uncomplicated, i.e. can be placed in a casing without any brickwork measures and the refractory parts should be designed and assigned to each other in such a way that a conical ember bed results from which the gases flow freely upwards, then burn out completely and can then be fed to a secondary heating surface or afterburner chamber .
  • the space between the enclosure and the refractory parts can be filled with insulation material. But it is also possible to use the enclosure isolate it from the outside and at least design the side wall as a water-bearing double wall. For manufacturing reasons, all parts are preferably cylindrical or ring-cylindrical. With regard to the grate, a particularly advantageous embodiment, which is expedient for the proper operation of the furnace, is provided and will be explained in more detail.
  • a stationary grate 21 is provided centrally under the stump 10 in the end cover 11, the stump 10 is equipped with an ash clearing opening 22.
  • a rotating grate 23 (FIGS. 2, 3) is advantageously provided as the grate. Rotating elements, possibly connected to the rotating grate, can also be provided to counteract any bridging in the shaft if fine wood waste such as sawdust or wood shavings are to be burned. Because of the heat load in the ember bed area, however, such stirring elements are preferably introduced and actuated from above.
  • the formation of the stump or the arrangement of the enlargement 4 creates the shoulder 5 in the area of the ember bed, the upper stump 6 advantageously being designed with an inclination less than 45 °.
  • the free space 1 in the housing 2 can, but need not, be filled with insulating material.
  • the cylindrical side wall 2 ' can be designed in the form of a water-carrying double wall 15 and can be provided with flow and return connections 13, 14.
  • the housing 2 is then expediently given an exterior (not shown here) isolation.
  • the enclosure 2 is closed with a tightly attachable cover 18, which, as can also be seen, is at the same time the carrier of the upper filling shaft 3, into which the solid fuel can be introduced in a suitable manner (by hand or with automatic feed elements) through a filling opening 16 .
  • this opening 16 can also be designed as a smoke surge lock, but this is generally hardly necessary, since the carburetor is expediently equipped with an induced draft fan (not shown) behind the opening 8 or behind the secondary heating surface (not shown).
  • the upper, also provided with insulation 31 filling shaft 3 passes through the ceiling 8 with its lower edge 17 and thus forms the connection to the upper ring 19 made of refractory material, i.e. this edge 17 also serves as a centering and holder for the fire-ceramic parts.
  • the entire carburetor combustion system consists of three independent parts, which are easy to transport, assemble and disassemble, namely the enclosure 2, the fire-ceramic insert, which does not require bricking, and the ceiling 18 Filling shaft 3.
  • the grate is advantageously designed as a rotating grate 23 and is arranged at a distance from the lower shaft opening 24 of the solid fuel shaft and is suitably stored in the ash housing 12 located underneath, and advantageously adjustable in the axial direction, as indicated by a double arrow.
  • On the underside is the rotating grate 23 with at least one ash protruding into the ash housing 12 wing 25 and can thus coat an ash discharge opening 27 j arranged in the clearing area in the bottom 33 of the ash fall housing 12, below which, as shown, for example, a small ash discharge screw conveyor 30 can be arranged.
  • a temperature sensor 29 controlling the drive 28 of the rotating grate 23 is arranged in the lateral ash discharge area 27 of the rotating grate 23 and is connected to the drive 28 via a control element.
  • the lower edges 32 of the two clearing vanes 25 are arranged above the bottom 33 of the ash fall housing 12 at a distance which allows such axial adjustment of the rotating grate.
  • the remaining ash that remains is irrelevant, the only important thing is that no ash build-up can be built up in the ash fall housing 12 due to a lack of ash removal so that the arrangement area of the temperature sensor 29 can also be added, since this area is for the aforementioned temperature sensing must be kept clear.
  • the rotating grate is designed as a flat, upwardly converging cone 23 'and is provided with a horizontally extending annular surface 23 ", which is particularly important for the build-up and also the waste of the ash layer located in area 7 is advantageous.
  • the clearing vanes 25, of which four can of course also be arranged are in relation to the direction of rotation and radius of the rotary tes 23 against the direction of rotation set at an angle or curved, which ensures a transport thrust to the outside to the opening 27 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The solid fuel gasifying combustion apparatus is intended for gasifying solid fuels such as wood pieces, wood briquettes, wood chips or the like and consists of a filling shaft provided at the bottom with a grate and ash collection chamber and of a heating gas draught hole leading to an afterheating surface. In the inner space (1) of a gastight enclosure housing (2), the lower region (3') of the filling shaft (3) is designed and arranged in the form of a double conical or cylindrical extension (4). In the shoulder (5) of the upper frustum (6), a number of heating gas outflow openings (7) are provided, distributed all around. These openings (7) open into an annular gas combustion channel (9) which surrounds the filling shaft (3') and is provided with the heating gas draught hole (8). The extension (4) including annular gas combustion channel (9) and the part of the filling shaft (3') which is upwardly adjacent thereto and arranged inside the enclosure housing (2) are made from refractory preforms. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung gemäß Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a solid fuel gasification according to the preamble of the main claim.

Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerungen der genannten Art sind bspw. nach der DE-PS 829 482 bekannt. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Generatorgasfeuerung mit absteigender Vergasung, wobei der eigentliche Feuerungsbereich teilweise mit Kühlluftkammern umgeben ist und wobei die durchströmende Kühlluft in die anzuschließende Nachschaltheizfläche zusätzlich zu den im Feuerraum gebildeten Gasen einströmt. Die Anordnung der Kühlluftkammern erfolgt hierbei mit der Absicht, den Generator möglichst leicht auszubilden, um schwere Schachtausmauerungen zu vermeiden. Diese Zielsetzung wird aber durch den Aufwand bezüglich der Anordnung-und Ausbildung der Kühlluftkammern erreicht, mit denen allerdings noch nicht einmal die Seitenflanken der Feuerung erfaßt sind. Wäre dies der Fall, so würde sich ein noch größerer Aufwand ergeben. Außerdem ist bei dieser Art der Generator- bzw. Vergaserausbildung kein wünschenswert kegelförmiges, in allen Bereichen möglichst gleichförmig durchströmbares Glutbett zu erzielen, aus dem die Gase ebenfalls gleichmäßig verteilt möglichst nach oben abströmen können.Solid fuel gasification furnaces of the type mentioned are known, for example, from DE-PS 829 482. This is a generator gas firing system with descending gasification, the actual firing area being partially surrounded by cooling air chambers and the cooling air flowing through flowing into the secondary heating surface to be connected in addition to the gases formed in the combustion chamber. The cooling air chambers are arranged with the intention of making the generator as light as possible in order to avoid heavy shaft lining. This objective is achieved, however, by the effort in terms of the arrangement and design of the cooling air chambers, which, however, do not even cover the side flanks of the furnace. If this were the case, there would be an even greater effort. In addition, with this type of generator or carburetor design, it is not possible to achieve a desirably conical embers bed which can be flowed through in all areas as uniformly as possible and from which the gases can also flow out in an evenly distributed manner as far as possible.

Der Erfindung liegt demgemäß die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß dieser trotz Verwendung feuerfesten Materials keiner Ausmauerung bedarf und dieses Material komplikationslos, d.h. ohne Ausmauerungsmaßnahmen in ein Umschließungsgehäuse eingebracht werden kann und wobei die feuerfesten Teile derart gestaltet und einander zugeordnet sein sollen, daß sich ein kegelförmiges Glutbett ergibt, aus dem die Gase frei nach oben abströmen, danach voll ausbrennen und dann einer Nachschaltheizfläche bzw. Nachbrennkammer zugeführt werden können.The invention is accordingly based on the object of improving a solid fuel gasification of the type mentioned in such a way that, despite the use of refractory material, no bricking is required and this material is uncomplicated, i.e. can be placed in a casing without any brickwork measures and the refractory parts should be designed and assigned to each other in such a way that a conical ember bed results from which the gases flow freely upwards, then burn out completely and can then be fed to a secondary heating surface or afterburner chamber .

Diese Aufgabe ist mit einer Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung der eingangs genannten Art nach der Erfindung durch das im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruches Erfaßte gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich nach den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with a solid fuel gas firing of the type mentioned according to the invention by what is covered in the characterizing part of the main claim. Advantageous further developments result from the subclaims.

Durch diese Lösung ergibt sich eine denkbar einfache Konstruktion des aus Stahlblech zu bildenden Umschließungsgehäuses, in das die den unteren Bereich des Füllschachtes und die Feuerraumerweiterung bildenden Teile einfach und ohne unmittelbaren Wandkontakt einzusetzen bzw. übereinander einzustapeln sind. Durch die Formgebung der Teile, die ohne weiteres ein formschlüssiges Ineinanderpassen zulassen, ergibt sich aber auch gleichzeitig eine denkbar günstige Gestaltung des Feuerraumes und eine gleichmäßige Abströmung der sich bildenden Gase nach oben in den Gasausbrennringkanal, den sie durch die Gasabströmöffnung in die Nachschaltheizfläche verlassen.This solution results in a conceivably simple construction of the enclosing housing to be formed from sheet steel, into which the parts forming the lower region of the filling shaft and the combustion chamber extension can be inserted simply and without direct wall contact or stacked one above the other. The shape of the parts, which allow a positive interlocking, also results in a conceivably favorable design of the combustion chamber and a uniform flow of the gases that form upwards into the gas burnout ring channel, which they leave through the gas discharge opening into the secondary heating surface.

Der Freiraum zwischen Umschließungsgehäuse und feuerfesten Teilen kann mit Isolationsmaterial gefüllt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Umschließungsgehäuse außenseitig zu isolieren und zumindest die Seitenwand als wasserführende Doppelwand auszubilden. Vorzugsweise werden sämtliche Teile aus Fertigungsgründen zylindrisch bzw. ringzylindrisch ausgebildet. Bezüglich des Rostes ist eine besonders vorteilhafte und für den einwandfreien Betrieb der Feuerung zweckmäßige Ausführungsform vorgesehen, die noch näher erläutert wird.The space between the enclosure and the refractory parts can be filled with insulation material. But it is also possible to use the enclosure isolate it from the outside and at least design the side wall as a water-bearing double wall. For manufacturing reasons, all parts are preferably cylindrical or ring-cylindrical. With regard to the grate, a particularly advantageous embodiment, which is expedient for the proper operation of the furnace, is provided and will be explained in more detail.

Die erfindungsgemäße Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The solid fuel gasifier firing according to the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigt schematisch

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch die Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung;
  • Fig. 2 einen entsprechenden Schnitt mit besonderer Ausführungsform und
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf den Bereich der Drehrostanordnung.
It shows schematically
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through the solid fuel gasification.
  • Fig. 2 shows a corresponding section with a special embodiment and
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of the area of the rotating grate arrangement.

Wie aus Fig. 1 erkennbar, sind im Innenraum 1 des Umschließungsgehäuses 2 die den unteren Füllschachtteil bildenden feuerfesten Elemente übereinandergestapelt angeordnet und zwar wie folgt:

  • Auf der Abschlußdecke 11 des Aschfallsammelraumes 12, ggf. mit Zentrierelementen 11' zentriert, sitzt zunächst das ziemlich massive Teil des unteren Stumpfes 10, der zusammen mit dem Rost 21 gewissermaßen eine Schale für das Glutbett bildet und als Träger für die Schulter 5 und den Gasausbrennringkanal 9 dient. Die Schulter 5 ist dabei mit dem Schachtteil 3" zu einem Teil zusammengefaßt, das vom Gasausbrennringkanal 9 konzentrisch umfaßt wird, der gegenüberliegend zur Gasabströmöffnung 8 mit einer Sekundärluftöffnung 20 versehen ist. Je nach den Abmessungen kann auf dem Schachtteil 3" noch ein weiteres ringförmiges Formteil 19 aus ebenfalls feuerfestem Material, wie dargestellt, angeordnet sein. Der Stumpf 10 kann jedoch auch, wie gestrichelt angedeutet, zylindrisch ausgebildet und mit der Schulter 5 als ein Teil ausgebildet sein, auf das dann das Schachtteil 3" aufgesetzt ist.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the refractory elements forming the lower filling shaft part are stacked on top of one another in the interior 1 of the enclosing housing 2, specifically as follows:
  • On the final ceiling 11 of the ash collecting chamber 12, possibly centered with centering elements 11 ', the rather massive part of the lower stump 10, which together with the grate 21 forms a shell for the ember bed and as a carrier for the shoulder 5 and the gas burnout ring channel, is initially seated 9 serves. The shoulder 5 is combined with the shaft part 3 "to form a part which is concentrically encompassed by the gas burnout ring channel 9 and which is provided opposite the gas outflow opening 8 with a secondary air opening 20. Depending on the dimensions, a further annular molded part can be placed on the shaft part 3" 19 also made of fireproof Material as shown. However, as indicated by dashed lines, the stump 10 can also be cylindrical and designed with the shoulder 5 as a part on which the shaft part 3 ″ is then placed.

Sofern zentrisch unter dem Stumpf 10 in der Abschlußdekke 11 ein stationäres Rost 21 vorgesehen ist, wird der Stumpf 10 mit einer Ascheausräumöffnung 22 ausgestattet. Vorteilhaft wird als Rost jedoch ein Drehrost 23 (Fig. 2, 3) vorgesehen. Drehende Elemente, ggf. mit dem Drehrost verbunden, können ebenfalls vorgesehen werden, um einer eventuellen Brückenbildung im Schacht entgegenzuwirken, falls feine Holzabfälle, wie Säge- oder Hobelspäne verbrannt werden sollen. Wegen der Wärmebelastung im Glutbettbereich werden solche Rührelemente jedoch bevorzugt von oben her eingeführt und betätigt.If a stationary grate 21 is provided centrally under the stump 10 in the end cover 11, the stump 10 is equipped with an ash clearing opening 22. However, a rotating grate 23 (FIGS. 2, 3) is advantageously provided as the grate. Rotating elements, possibly connected to the rotating grate, can also be provided to counteract any bridging in the shaft if fine wood waste such as sawdust or wood shavings are to be burned. Because of the heat load in the ember bed area, however, such stirring elements are preferably introduced and actuated from above.

Durch die Stumpfausbildung bzw. die Anordnung der Erweiterung 4 entsteht im Bereich des Glutbettes die Schulter 5, wobei der obere Stumpf 6 vorteilhaft mit einer geringeren Neigung als 45° angelegt ist. Dadurch entsteht über der gestrichelt angedeuteten Glutbettoberfläche 6' ein ringförmiger Freiraum, aus dem die aufsteigenden Gase unbehindert in die Gasabströmöffnungen 7 einströmen und in den Gasausbrennringkanal 9 gelangen können, den sie dann,weitgehend ausgebrannt, durch die Heizgasabzugsöffnung 8 verlassen und ggf. in eine angeschlossene geeignete Nachschaltheizfläche (nicht dargestellt) gelangen, die einen Gas-Flüssigkeitswärmetauscher bildet.The formation of the stump or the arrangement of the enlargement 4 creates the shoulder 5 in the area of the ember bed, the upper stump 6 advantageously being designed with an inclination less than 45 °. This creates an annular space above the glow bed surface 6 'indicated by the broken line, from which the rising gases can freely flow into the gas outflow openings 7 and enter the gas burnout ring channel 9, which they then leave, largely burned out, through the heating gas discharge opening 8 and possibly into a connected one suitable post-heating surface (not shown), which forms a gas-liquid heat exchanger.

Der Freiraum 1 im Gehäuse 2 kann, aber muß nicht, mit Isoliermaterial ausgefüllt sein. Ferner kann die zylindrische Seitenwand 2' in Form einer wasserführenden Doppelwand 15 ausgebildet und mit Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüssen 13, 14 versehen werden. Zweckmäßig erhält dann das Gehäuse 2 eine hier nicht dargestellte Außenisolation. Nach oben ist das Umschließungsgehäuse 2 mit einer dicht aufsetzbaren Decke 18 verschlossen, die auch gleichzeitig, wie erkennbar, Träger des oberen Füllschachtes 3 ist, in den der Festbrennstoff in geeigneter Weise (von Hand oder mit automatischen Zuförderelementen) durch eine Füllöffnung 16 eingebracht werden kann.The free space 1 in the housing 2 can, but need not, be filled with insulating material. Furthermore, the cylindrical side wall 2 'can be designed in the form of a water-carrying double wall 15 and can be provided with flow and return connections 13, 14. The housing 2 is then expediently given an exterior (not shown here) isolation. At the top, the enclosure 2 is closed with a tightly attachable cover 18, which, as can also be seen, is at the same time the carrier of the upper filling shaft 3, into which the solid fuel can be introduced in a suitable manner (by hand or with automatic feed elements) through a filling opening 16 .

Diese Öffnung 16 kann ggf. sicherheitshalber auch als Rauchschwallschleuse ausgebildet werden, was in der Regel aber kaum notwendig ist, da der Vergaser zweckmäßig hinter der Öffnung 8 bzw. hinter der nicht dargestellten Nachschaltheizfläche mit einem Saugzuggebläse (nicht dargestellt) ausgestattet wird. Der obere, ebenfalls mit Isolierung 31 versehene Füllschacht 3 durchgreift mit seinem unteren Rand 17 die Decke 8 und bildet damit den Anschluß an den oberen Ring 19 aus feuerfestem Material, d.h., dieser Rand 17 dient ebenfalls als Zentrierung und Halter für die feuerkeramischen Teile.For safety's sake, this opening 16 can also be designed as a smoke surge lock, but this is generally hardly necessary, since the carburetor is expediently equipped with an induced draft fan (not shown) behind the opening 8 or behind the secondary heating surface (not shown). The upper, also provided with insulation 31 filling shaft 3 passes through the ceiling 8 with its lower edge 17 and thus forms the connection to the upper ring 19 made of refractory material, i.e. this edge 17 also serves as a centering and holder for the fire-ceramic parts.

Wie ohne weiteres erkennbar, besteht also die ganze Vergaserfeuerung gewissermaßen aus drei voneinander unabhängigen Teilbereichen, die sich separat leicht transportieren, zusammenfügen und auch wieder auseinandernehmen lassen, nämlich aus dem Umschließungsgehäuse 2, den feuerkeramischen Einsatzteilen, die keiner Einmauerung bedürfen und aus der Decke 18 mit Füllschacht 3.As can be easily recognized, the entire carburetor combustion system consists of three independent parts, which are easy to transport, assemble and disassemble, namely the enclosure 2, the fire-ceramic insert, which does not require bricking, and the ceiling 18 Filling shaft 3.

Wie aus Fig. 2, 3 erkennbar, ist das Rost vorteilhaft als Drehrost 23 ausgebildet und in Distanz zur unteren Schachtöffnung 24 des Festbrennstoffschachtes angeordnet und in geeigneter Weise im darunter befindlichen Aschfallgehäuse 12 gelagert und zwar vorteilhaft in axialer Richtung verstellbar, wie mit Doppelpfeil angedeutet. Auf der Unterseite ist das Drehrost 23 mit mindestens einem in das Aschfallsehäuse 12 ragenden Ascheräumflügel 25 versehen und kann somit eine im Räumbereich im Boden 33 des Aschfallgehäuses 12 angeordnete Ascheaustragsöffnung 27jbestreichen, unter der, wie bspw. dargestellt, eine kleine Ascheaustragsförderschnecke 30 angeordnet sein kann. Im seitlichen Ascheaustragsbereich 27 des Drehrostes 23 ist ein den Antrieb 28 des Drehrostes 23 steuernder Temperaturfühler 29 angeordnet, der über ein Regelglied mit dem Antrieb 28 in Verbindung steht.As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 3, the grate is advantageously designed as a rotating grate 23 and is arranged at a distance from the lower shaft opening 24 of the solid fuel shaft and is suitably stored in the ash housing 12 located underneath, and advantageously adjustable in the axial direction, as indicated by a double arrow. On the underside is the rotating grate 23 with at least one ash protruding into the ash housing 12 wing 25 and can thus coat an ash discharge opening 27 j arranged in the clearing area in the bottom 33 of the ash fall housing 12, below which, as shown, for example, a small ash discharge screw conveyor 30 can be arranged. A temperature sensor 29 controlling the drive 28 of the rotating grate 23 is arranged in the lateral ash discharge area 27 of the rotating grate 23 and is connected to the drive 28 via a control element.

In Rücksicht auf die vorteilhaft vorzusehende axiale Verstellbarkeit des Drehrostes 23 sind die Unterkanten 32 der beiden Räumflügel 25 in einer eine solche axiale Verstellung des Drehrostes zulassenden Distanz über dem Boden 33 des Aschfallgehäuses 12 angeordnet. Die Restasche, die dadurch liegenbleibt, spielt keine Rolle, wesentlich ist nur, daß sich im Aschfallgehäuse 12 durch nicht erfolgte Ascheräumung kein Aschestau so weit aufbauen kann, daß damit auch der Anordnungsbereich des Temperaturfühlers 29 zugesetzt werden kann, da dieser Bereich für die vorerwähnte Temperaturfühlung zwingend freigehalten werden muß.In view of the axial adjustability of the rotating grate 23 to be provided advantageously, the lower edges 32 of the two clearing vanes 25 are arranged above the bottom 33 of the ash fall housing 12 at a distance which allows such axial adjustment of the rotating grate. The remaining ash that remains is irrelevant, the only important thing is that no ash build-up can be built up in the ash fall housing 12 due to a lack of ash removal so that the arrangement area of the temperature sensor 29 can also be added, since this area is for the aforementioned temperature sensing must be kept clear.

Wie ebenfalls aus Fig. 2 erkennbar, ist das Drehrost als flacher, nach oben konvergierender Kegel 23' ausgebildet und mit einer sich in horizontal erstreckender Ringfläche 23" versehen, die für den Aufbau, aber auch den Abfall der sich im Bereich 7 befindlichen Ascheschicht besonders vorteilhaft ist.As can also be seen from FIG. 2, the rotating grate is designed as a flat, upwardly converging cone 23 'and is provided with a horizontally extending annular surface 23 ", which is particularly important for the build-up and also the waste of the ash layer located in area 7 is advantageous.

Um die Asche nicht nur vor sich herzuschieben, sondern diese gleichzeitig mit der Drehbewegung nach außem zum Anordnungsbereich der Ascheausfallöffnung 27' zu transportieren, sind die Räumflügel 25, von denen selbstverständlich beispielsweise auch vier angeordnet sein können, in bezug auf Drehrichtung und Radius des Drehrostes 23 entgegen der Drehrichtung winklig angestellt oder gekrümmt ausgebildet, wodurch ein Transportschub nach außen zur Öffnung 27' hin gewährleistet ist.In order not only to push the ash in front of it, but to transport it to the arrangement area of the ash outlet opening 27 'at the same time as the rotary movement, the clearing vanes 25, of which four can of course also be arranged, are in relation to the direction of rotation and radius of the rotary tes 23 against the direction of rotation set at an angle or curved, which ensures a transport thrust to the outside to the opening 27 '.

Dieser besonderen Ausführungsform liegt folgende Überlegung zugrunde:

  • Die Temperatur des Glutbettes bzw. der Ascheschicht, die sich im untersten Bereich des Glutbettes bildet, d.h. am Spalt zwischen Drehrost und unterem Schacht- öffnungsrand, ist als Regelimpuls für den Antrieb und den Stillstand des Drehrostes 23 ausnutzbar, da bei Veraschung dieses Bereiches weniger Wärme seitlich abgestrahlt wird. Wenn dies eintritt, wird über ein geeignetes Regelglied der Drehrostantrieb 28 in Gang gesetzt.
This particular embodiment is based on the following consideration:
  • The temperature of the ember bed or the ash layer which forms in the lowest area of the ember bed, ie at the gap between the rotating grate and the lower edge of the shaft opening, can be used as a control impulse for the drive and the standstill of the rotating grate 23, since less heat is generated when this area is incinerated is emitted laterally. If this occurs, the rotary grate drive 28 is started via a suitable control element.

Claims (9)

l. Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung, bestehend aus einem unten mit Rost und Aschfallraum und mit Primär- und Sekundärluftzuführungen versehenen Füllschacht und einem zu einer Nachschaltheizfläche führenden Heizgasabzugskanal, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Heizgasabzugskanal als mit Heizgasabzugsöffnung (8) versehener Gasausbrennringkanal (9) um den unteren Bereich des Füllschachtes (3', 3") angeordnet ist, daß unter dem Gasausbrennringkanal (9) der Füllschacht in Form einer doppelkegeligen oder zylindrischen Erweiterung (4) mit Bodenrost (21) ausgebildet ist, daß in der die Erweiterung (4) nach oben begrenzenden Schulter (5) mehrere in den Gasausbrennringkanal (9) führende Gasüberströmöffnungen (7) angeordnet sind, und daß die Erweiterung (4) einschließlich des Gasausbrennringkanales (9) und der sich daran nach oben anschließende, innerhalb des Umschließungsgehäuses (2) angeordnete Teil des Füllschachtes (3', 3") in bekannter Weise aus feuerfesten Formteilen gebildet sind.l. Solid fuel gasification system, consisting of a filling shaft with grate and ash chamber and primary and secondary air inlets and a heating gas discharge duct leading to a secondary heating surface, characterized in that the heating gas discharge duct as a gas combustion ring duct (9) provided with a heating gas discharge opening (8) around the lower area of the filling shaft ( 3 ', 3 ") is arranged in such a way that under the gas burn-out ring duct (9) the filling shaft is designed in the form of a double-conical or cylindrical extension (4) with a bottom grate (21) that in the shoulder (5 ) a plurality of gas overflow openings (7) leading into the gas burnout ring channel (9) are arranged, and that the extension (4) including the gas burnout ring channel (9) and the part of the filling shaft (3 ') which adjoins it upward and is arranged within the containment housing (2) , 3 ") are formed in a known manner from refractory molded parts. 2. Feuerung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Schulter (5) des oberen Stumpfes (6) in bezug auf die Vertikale mit einer kleineren Neigung als 45° versehen ist.2. Furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (5) of the upper stump (6) is provided with a smaller inclination than 45 ° with respect to the vertical. 3. Feuerung nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß auf dem unteren zylindrischen oder kegelstumpfförmigen Stumpf (10), der auf einer Abschlußdecke (11) des Aschfallsammelraumes (12) gelagert und angeordnet ist, der obere Stumpf (6) mit Schachtteil (3") und der Gasausbrennringkanal (9) formschlüssig aufgesetzt angeordnet sind.3. Furnace according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that on the lower cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped stump (10) which is mounted and arranged on an end ceiling (11) of the ash collecting space (12), the upper stump (6) with Manhole part (3 ") and the gas burnout ring channel (9) are arranged in a form-fitting manner. 4. Feuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß mindestens die Seitenwand (2') des Umschließungsgehäuses (2) als wasserführende, mit Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüssen (13, 14) versehene Doppelwand (15) ausgebildet ist.4. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the side wall (2 ') of the enclosing housing (2) is designed as a water-carrying, with forward and return connections (13, 14) provided double wall (15). 5. Feuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der obere, mit Füllöffnung (16) versehene und aus Stahlblech gebildete Teil des Füllschachtes (3) mit seinem unteren Rand (17) die auf das Umschließungsgehäuse (2) gasdicht aufsetzbare Decke (18) durchgreift und in das feuerfeste Formteil (19) des unteren Füllschachtes (3') eingreifend angeordnet ist.5. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper, with filling opening (16) and formed from sheet steel part of the filling shaft (3) with its lower edge (17) which can be placed gas-tight on the housing (2) Reaches through the ceiling (18) and is arranged to engage in the refractory molded part (19) of the lower filling shaft (3 '). 6. Feuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Gasabzugsringkanal (9) mit einer Sekundärzuluftöffnung (20) versehen und diese gegenüberliegend zur Heizgasabzugsöffnung (8) angeordnet ist.6. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas discharge ring channel (9) is provided with a secondary air inlet opening (20) and this is arranged opposite the heating gas outlet opening (8). 7. Feuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß bei Anordnung eines stationären Rostes (21) im unteren Stumpf (10) eine Ascheausräumöffnung (22) angeordnet ist.7. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at Arrangement of a stationary grate (21) in the lower stump (10) an ash clearing opening (22) is arranged. 8. Feuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Bodenrost als Drehrost ausgebildet und in Distanz zur unteren Schachtöffnung (24) angeordnet und auf seiner Unterseite mit mindestens einem in das Aschfallgehäuse (12) ragenden Ascheräumflügel (25) versehen und im Räumbereich im Boden (26) des Aschfallgehäuses (12) eine Ascheaustragsöffnung (27') und im seitlichen Ascheaustragsbereich (27) des Drehrostes (23) ein den Antrieb (28) des Drehrostes (23) ein den Antrieb (28) des Drehrostes (23) steuernder Temperaturfühler (29) angeordnet ist, wobei das Drehrost (23) als flacher, nach oben konvergierender Kegel (23') und dieser in einer sich horizontal erstreckenden Ringfläche (23") auslaufend ausgebildet ist.8. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bottom grate is designed as a rotating grate and arranged at a distance from the lower shaft opening (24) and provided on its underside with at least one ash-clearing wing (25) projecting into the ash-fall housing (12) and in the clearing area in the floor (26) of the ash fall housing (12) an ash discharge opening (27 ') and in the side ash discharge area (27) of the rotating grate (23) the drive (28) of the rotating grate (23) the drive (28) of the rotating grate ( 23) controlling temperature sensor (29) is arranged, the rotating grate (23) being designed as a flat, upwardly converging cone (23 ') and tapering in a horizontally extending annular surface (23 "). 9. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Unterkante (32) des mindestens einen Räumflügels (25) in einer eine axiale Verstellung des Drehrostes (23) zulassenden Distanz über dem Boden (33) des Aschfallgehäuses (12) angeordnet ist.9. A boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower edge (32) of the at least one clearing wing (25) in an axial adjustment of the rotating grate (23) allowing distance above the bottom (33) of the ash fall housing (12) is arranged.
EP85103590A 1984-03-30 1985-03-26 Solid fuel gasifying combustion apparatus Withdrawn EP0156363A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843411822 DE3411822A1 (en) 1984-03-30 1984-03-30 Solid fuel gasifier
DE3411822 1984-03-30
DE3421972 1984-06-14
DE19843421972 DE3421972A1 (en) 1984-06-14 1984-06-14 Solid-fuel heating boiler

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EP0156363A3 EP0156363A3 (en) 1986-04-09

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US4892810A (en) * 1984-06-25 1990-01-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material containing cyan dye forming coupler
WO1997001730A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Burkinshaw Orville V Continuous flow gas generator
RU2450041C1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-05-10 Благодаров Юрий Петрович Boiler for charcoal burning
CN102734921A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-10-17 张际新 Complete vaporization high temperature combustion boiler
ITPN20120027A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-01 Mcz Group S P A BURNER WITH SOLID FUEL
WO2014064300A1 (en) * 2012-10-23 2014-05-01 Fundación Cidaut Vertical solid-fuel boiler
DE102013017856A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
WO2015058863A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Böcker-Riese Bernhard Fixed bed reactor for gasification of fuels
DE102013017850A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017863A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017851A1 (en) * 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017860A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
EP3789673A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-10 SL-Technik GmbH Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
WO2021043895A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-11 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating plant with optimised flue gas treatment
CN114729743A (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-07-08 Sl技术有限公司 Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment

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WO2014041213A1 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-20 Fundacion Cidaut Solid fuel boiler

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4892810A (en) * 1984-06-25 1990-01-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material containing cyan dye forming coupler
WO1997001730A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Burkinshaw Orville V Continuous flow gas generator
RU2450041C1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-05-10 Благодаров Юрий Петрович Boiler for charcoal burning
ITPN20120027A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-01 Mcz Group S P A BURNER WITH SOLID FUEL
CN102734921A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-10-17 张际新 Complete vaporization high temperature combustion boiler
WO2014064300A1 (en) * 2012-10-23 2014-05-01 Fundación Cidaut Vertical solid-fuel boiler
DE102013017861A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
WO2015058863A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Böcker-Riese Bernhard Fixed bed reactor for gasification of fuels
DE102013017850A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017863A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017856A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017851A1 (en) * 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017860A1 (en) 2013-10-26 2015-04-30 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017860B4 (en) * 2013-10-26 2016-02-25 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
DE102013017851B4 (en) 2013-10-26 2019-03-21 Bernhard Böcker-Riese Fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels
EP3789673A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-10 SL-Technik GmbH Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
WO2021043895A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-11 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating plant with optimised flue gas treatment
CN114729743A (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-07-08 Sl技术有限公司 Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
CN114729744A (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-07-08 Sl技术有限公司 Biomass heating system with secondary air flow and components thereof
CN114729743B (en) * 2019-09-03 2023-04-11 Sl技术有限公司 Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
US11635231B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2023-04-25 Sl-Technik Gmbh Rotating grate with a cleaning device for a biomass heating system
EP4184056A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2023-05-24 SL-Technik GmbH Combustion chamber for a biomass heating installation
US11708999B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2023-07-25 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment

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Publication number Publication date
ES285736U (en) 1985-11-01
EP0156363A3 (en) 1986-04-09
ES285736Y (en) 1986-05-16

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