EP0152881B1 - Security door assembly - Google Patents
Security door assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0152881B1 EP0152881B1 EP19850101347 EP85101347A EP0152881B1 EP 0152881 B1 EP0152881 B1 EP 0152881B1 EP 19850101347 EP19850101347 EP 19850101347 EP 85101347 A EP85101347 A EP 85101347A EP 0152881 B1 EP0152881 B1 EP 0152881B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- door
- frame
- rearward
- layer
- timber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/12—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against air pressure, explosion, or gas
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05G—SAFES OR STRONG-ROOMS FOR VALUABLES; BANK PROTECTION DEVICES; SAFETY TRANSACTION PARTITIONS
- E05G1/00—Safes or strong-rooms for valuables
- E05G1/02—Details
- E05G1/024—Wall or panel structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to security door assemblies and aims in particular to provide a structure having a high degree of resistance to penetration by the action of explosive charges applied to the outer surface of the door.
- Assemblies in accordance with the invention are intended especially for use in the protection of entrances to buildings or other fixed constructions which are liable to come under explosive attack at the hands of burglars or saboteurs for example.
- the prior art provides many barrier structures intended for use in, for example, the doors of bank vaults and the like security enclosures, which are designed to provide a high degree of resistance to penetration with drills, punches, flame-cutting equipment and other mechanical and thermal tools commonly appropriated by burglars.
- the materials and modes of construction employed in these structures are not well suited to resist the effects of high-explosive surface charges of even modest proportions. It is to the provision of structures providing protection from this kind of attack that the invention is principally directed, it being recognised that there is currently a demand for the protection of various kinds of building from explosive attacks which may be mounted not with burglarious intent but with the aim simply of causing damage to the structure and its concents or occupants.
- a security door assembly comprising: a door frame defining a doorway; an explosion- resistant door mounted to the frame to close the doorway; and means for fastening the door to the frame in the closed position; said door comprising a rearward portion providing a physical barrier between the two sides of the doorway; a forward portion spaced from the rearward portion and providing the exposed face of the door; and a layer of timber located between said forward and rearward portions arranged to protect said rearward portion from the effects of an explosive charge detonated at or near to said exposed surface; characterised in that said forward portion of the door is mounted by means which enable it to become detached from the remainder of the door structure under the influence of an outward force exerted upon it by the transmission into the door of the blast pressure of a said explosive charge, and said fastening means are arranged to enable the rearward portion of the door to remain
- the purpose of the aforesaid timber layer in the door is to act as a shock absorber to protect the structure behind it from blast effects and also as a thermal insulator to reduce the transmission of heat to the structure behind it, so that the rearward portion of the door can be protected from the influence of an explosion occurring at or near to the exposed surface of the door, and retain its integrity as a physical barrier notwithstanding the partial destruction, detachment or breaching of the portions of the structure in front of it.
- the use of timber for shock resistance in a bomb shelter door is known eg from US-A-3093098.
- the forward portion of the door need comprise little more than an outer finishing layer, e.g. a steel sheet, although in some embodiments this area of the structure may be developed to still further enhance resistance to explosive attacks or for other special purposes.
- this forward portion of the door is suitably mounted, such as by means of rivets, to facilitate its detachment from the remainder of the door structure under the influence of an outward force exerted on it by the transmission into the door of the blast pressure of an explosive charge detonated at or near to the exposed surface of the door.
- This detachment of the forward portion if it is breached by an explosion serves to dissipate the effects of the explosion and to allow the blast to be spread over a larger area of the timber layer than might be the case if the forward portion remained rigidly secured to the rest of the structure.
- the timber layer is therefore protected from a concentration of the blast in a relatively small area and may thus be better able to absorb its effects.
- the aforesaid rearward portion of the door will be constructed with materials chosen for resistance to penetration by the different kinds of tools likely to be found in thieves' armoury.
- the rearward portion may be of relatively simple construction sufficient for the purpose of providing a chosen degree of separation between the two sides of the doorway (presupposing that the forward and intermediate portions of the door might be breached by an explosive attack).
- the door A comprises an internal frame 1 fabricated from tubular steel sections.
- Steel front plate 2 is mounted on frame 1 on one side thereof by means of rivets 3 in a manner to permit front plate 2 to become detached relatively easily from frame 1 by outward force exerted in the direction of arrow X on the inner surface 2a of front plate 2.
- Front plate 2 provides the outer, exposed face of the door.
- Steel back plate 2 is welded to frame 1 on the side opposite to front plate 2 to provide a compartment between front plate 2 and back plate 4.
- a layer of timber 5 is disposed in this compartment between front plate 2 and back plate 4. It will be seen that front plate 2 is stood-off some distance from the intermediate layer of timber 5 to provide an air space 6 between front plate 2 and the timber 5.
- the blast pressure effects resulting from the explosion are dispersed in air space 6 over a large area of the timber layer 5, thereby to avoid or minimise a concentration of pressure on a relatively small area of the timber. If a sufficient pressure force is exerted on the inner face of front plate 2 in the direction of arrow X in Figures 1 and 2, the rivets 3 will give to permit front plate 2 to be blown off the frame 1, thereby further to dissipate the blast and minimise its destructive effect on the timber layer 5.
- Timber layer 5 confers resistance to an explosive attack upon the door by acting to absorb physical shock and to reduce the transmission of heat through the door to the steel back plate 4 behind it.
- a suitable fastening mechanism comprising, for example, bolts (not shown) to be thrown into the frame B through the opening side edge of the door in response to manipulation of an external handle 8, together with fixed stud bolts 9 on the hinge side edge of the door.
- a test door was constructed generally in accordance with Figures 1 to 3 hereof and having the following characteristics: plate 2 was 3 mm thick mild steel; plate 4 was 10 mm thick mild steel; the frame sections 1 were 50 mm square, 2.5 mm wall thickness steel tube; the internal space between the plates 2 and 4 was 50 mm deep; and the timber layer 5 comprised 40 mm thick maranti boards.
- This specimen was mounted in a typical frame and a limpet mine having a charge of 0.95 kg of Tritanol explosive was applied to the surface of plate 2. When the charge was detonated the plate 2 was blown off and the timber 5 fell out, but the plate 4 attached to sections 1 remained intact and bolted to its frame, with some plastic deformation, so that the barrier as a whole was not breached.
- FIGS 5 and 6 show a barrier structure for incorporation into a blast-resistant door which may withstand rather heavier charges than those of Figures 1 to 4 and which, in the illustrated embodiment, is designed also to be fire resistant.
- the barrier comprises essentially a double box-like structure.
- One "box” is composed of a steel plate 11-which provides the outer face of the structure-attached to an intermediate steel plate 12 via framing sections 13, and stiffened by horizontal angles 14.
- the other "box” is composed of a steel back plate 15 welded to the plate 12 via framing sections 16 and horizontal stringers 17.
- Within the first of these compartments there is a layer of timber 18 fronted by a layer of kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) 19.
- the rearward compartment between plates 12 and 15 will house a driving and locking mechanism (not shown) to throw door bolts into an associated frame, or alternatively the door may be locked by bolts thrown into engagement with sockets in the door (at the positions indicated at 20 in Figure 1) from a mechanism housed in the associated frame.
- a driving and locking mechanism (not shown) to throw door bolts into an associated frame, or alternatively the door may be locked by bolts thrown into engagement with sockets in the door (at the positions indicated at 20 in Figure 1) from a mechanism housed in the associated frame.
- the purpose of the timber layer 8 in this structure is, as before, to confer resistance to an explosive attack upon the door by acting to absorb physical shock and to reduce the transmission of heat through the door to the steel behind it. To demonstrate the efficacy of this type of structure the following test was conducted.
- a test specimen was constructed substantially in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 hereof and having the following characteristics: the overall thickness of the structure was 273 mm; plate 11 was 3 mm thick mild steel; plate 12 was 20 mm thick mild steel; plate 15 was 10 mm thick mild steel; the timber layer 18 was composed of 40 mm thick maranti planks; and the kieselguhr layer 19 was 100 mm thick.
- the specimen was supported in a rig to simulate its mounting to the associated door frame and a 3.33 kg charge of type PE4 (cyclonite-based) plastic explosive (equivalent to about 5 kg of dynamite) was applied to the surface of plate 11.
- type PE4 cyclonite-based plastic explosive
- the kieselguhr layer 19 is provided to confer general fire resistance to the structure, and is not thought to make a significant contribution to blast resistance of itself. By replacing the layer 19 in this structure with further timber, therefore, resistance to even heavier charges of explosive may be obtained.
- EP-A-0152880 in which the claims relateto a security door with liquid filled receptacles, rather than a layer of timber, between the forward and rearward portions of the door.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to security door assemblies and aims in particular to provide a structure having a high degree of resistance to penetration by the action of explosive charges applied to the outer surface of the door. Assemblies in accordance with the invention are intended especially for use in the protection of entrances to buildings or other fixed constructions which are liable to come under explosive attack at the hands of burglars or saboteurs for example.
- The prior art provides many barrier structures intended for use in, for example, the doors of bank vaults and the like security enclosures, which are designed to provide a high degree of resistance to penetration with drills, punches, flame-cutting equipment and other mechanical and thermal tools commonly appropriated by burglars. Generally speaking, however, the materials and modes of construction employed in these structures are not well suited to resist the effects of high-explosive surface charges of even modest proportions. It is to the provision of structures providing protection from this kind of attack that the invention is principally directed, it being recognised that there is currently a demand for the protection of various kinds of building from explosive attacks which may be mounted not with burglarious intent but with the aim simply of causing damage to the structure and its concents or occupants. Any such structure clearly must be designed to withstand the physical shock of the blast. Furthermore, we believe that another significant factor contributing to the potential damage of a structure when an explosive charge is detonated at or near its surface is the near- instantaneous release of thermal energy in the explosion, which is not only per se destructive to material within its influence but also exacerbates the blast pressure effects.
- Consequently, we believe that successfully to resist attacks of the nature indicated above a structure should be designed to withstand both the mechanical and thermal effects of an explosion, and with this aim in mind the invention proposes a security door assembly comprising: a door frame defining a doorway; an explosion- resistant door mounted to the frame to close the doorway; and means for fastening the door to the frame in the closed position; said door comprising a rearward portion providing a physical barrier between the two sides of the doorway; a forward portion spaced from the rearward portion and providing the exposed face of the door; and a layer of timber located between said forward and rearward portions arranged to protect said rearward portion from the effects of an explosive charge detonated at or near to said exposed surface; characterised in that said forward portion of the door is mounted by means which enable it to become detached from the remainder of the door structure under the influence of an outward force exerted upon it by the transmission into the door of the blast pressure of a said explosive charge, and said fastening means are arranged to enable the rearward portion of the door to remain fastened to the frame following detachment of the forward portion as aforesaid.
- The purpose of the aforesaid timber layer in the door is to act as a shock absorber to protect the structure behind it from blast effects and also as a thermal insulator to reduce the transmission of heat to the structure behind it, so that the rearward portion of the door can be protected from the influence of an explosion occurring at or near to the exposed surface of the door, and retain its integrity as a physical barrier notwithstanding the partial destruction, detachment or breaching of the portions of the structure in front of it. The use of timber for shock resistance in a bomb shelter door is known eg from US-A-3093098.
- In general, the forward portion of the door need comprise little more than an outer finishing layer, e.g. a steel sheet, although in some embodiments this area of the structure may be developed to still further enhance resistance to explosive attacks or for other special purposes. As stated, this forward portion of the door is suitably mounted, such as by means of rivets, to facilitate its detachment from the remainder of the door structure under the influence of an outward force exerted on it by the transmission into the door of the blast pressure of an explosive charge detonated at or near to the exposed surface of the door. This detachment of the forward portion if it is breached by an explosion serves to dissipate the effects of the explosion and to allow the blast to be spread over a larger area of the timber layer than might be the case if the forward portion remained rigidly secured to the rest of the structure. The timber layer is therefore protected from a concentration of the blast in a relatively small area and may thus be better able to absorb its effects.
- In assemblies according to the invention provided for thief-resisting applications, e.g. in bank vaults and the like, the aforesaid rearward portion of the door will be constructed with materials chosen for resistance to penetration by the different kinds of tools likely to be found in thieves' armoury. However, this is not an essential feature of the invention and in other applications, where a high degree of resistance to attack with tools other than explosives is not necessarily required, the rearward portion may be of relatively simple construction sufficient for the purpose of providing a chosen degree of separation between the two sides of the doorway (presupposing that the forward and intermediate portions of the door might be breached by an explosive attack).
- The invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figures 1 and 2 are respectively horizontal and vertical sections through one embodiment of a blast-resistant door assembly made in accordance with the present invention;
- Figure 3 is a front view of the outer face of the door of Figures 1 and 2;
- Figure 4 is a vertical section through another embodiment of a blast-resistant door assembly made in accordance with the invention; and
- Figures 5 and 6 are respectively horizontal and vertical sections through a further embodiment of a barrier structure for incorporation in a blast-resistant door assembly according to the invention.
- Referring first to Figures 1 to 3, the door A comprises an
internal frame 1 fabricated from tubular steel sections.Steel front plate 2 is mounted onframe 1 on one side thereof by means ofrivets 3 in a manner to permitfront plate 2 to become detached relatively easily fromframe 1 by outward force exerted in the direction of arrow X on theinner surface 2a offront plate 2.Front plate 2 provides the outer, exposed face of the door.Steel back plate 2 is welded toframe 1 on the side opposite tofront plate 2 to provide a compartment betweenfront plate 2 andback plate 4. A layer oftimber 5 is disposed in this compartment betweenfront plate 2 andback plate 4. It will be seen thatfront plate 2 is stood-off some distance from the intermediate layer oftimber 5 to provide anair space 6 betweenfront plate 2 and thetimber 5. - If the
front plate 2 is penetrated when an explosive charge is detonated at or near its outer face, the blast pressure effects resulting from the explosion are dispersed inair space 6 over a large area of thetimber layer 5, thereby to avoid or minimise a concentration of pressure on a relatively small area of the timber. If a sufficient pressure force is exerted on the inner face offront plate 2 in the direction of arrow X in Figures 1 and 2, therivets 3 will give to permitfront plate 2 to be blown off theframe 1, thereby further to dissipate the blast and minimise its destructive effect on thetimber layer 5. -
Timber layer 5 confers resistance to an explosive attack upon the door by acting to absorb physical shock and to reduce the transmission of heat through the door to thesteel back plate 4 behind it. - It is not essential to provide an
air space 6 betweenfront plate 2 andintermediate timber layer 5. As shown in Figure 4, two superimposed layers oftimber front plate 2 andback plate 4 in substantially abutting relationship therewith - The door A hinged at 7 to an associated door frame B and can be provided with a suitable fastening mechanism comprising, for example, bolts (not shown) to be thrown into the frame B through the opening side edge of the door in response to manipulation of an
external handle 8, together with fixed stud bolts 9 on the hinge side edge of the door. - To demonstrate the efficacy of the above- described structures the following tests were conducted.
- A test door was constructed generally in accordance with Figures 1 to 3 hereof and having the following characteristics:
plate 2 was 3 mm thick mild steel;plate 4 was 10 mm thick mild steel; theframe sections 1 were 50 mm square, 2.5 mm wall thickness steel tube; the internal space between theplates timber layer 5 comprised 40 mm thick maranti boards. This specimen was mounted in a typical frame and a limpet mine having a charge of 0.95 kg of Tritanol explosive was applied to the surface ofplate 2. When the charge was detonated theplate 2 was blown off and thetimber 5 fell out, but theplate 4 attached tosections 1 remained intact and bolted to its frame, with some plastic deformation, so that the barrier as a whole was not breached. - A similar test was performed with a door constructed generally in accordance with Figure 4 and where:
plate 2 was 3 mm thick mild steel;plate 4 was 16 mm thick mild steel; theframe sections 1 were 75 mm square, 2.5 mm wall thickness steep tube; and the internal space between theplates maranti boards plate 2 and the results were as in the previously described test, although somewhat less severe. - Equivalent test specimens have also been found effectively to withstand high-velocity rifle fire from AK47 (Soviet), R1 (South African, equivalent to NATO G3) and R4 (South African) weapons.
- Turning now to Figures 5 and 6, these show a barrier structure for incorporation into a blast-resistant door which may withstand rather heavier charges than those of Figures 1 to 4 and which, in the illustrated embodiment, is designed also to be fire resistant. In this case, the barrier comprises essentially a double box-like structure. One "box" is composed of a steel plate 11-which provides the outer face of the structure-attached to an
intermediate steel plate 12 viaframing sections 13, and stiffened byhorizontal angles 14. The other "box" is composed of asteel back plate 15 welded to theplate 12 viaframing sections 16 andhorizontal stringers 17. Within the first of these compartments there is a layer oftimber 18 fronted by a layer of kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) 19. In the completed door structure the rearward compartment betweenplates - The purpose of the
timber layer 8 in this structure is, as before, to confer resistance to an explosive attack upon the door by acting to absorb physical shock and to reduce the transmission of heat through the door to the steel behind it. To demonstrate the efficacy of this type of structure the following test was conducted. - A test specimen was constructed substantially in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 hereof and having the following characteristics: the overall thickness of the structure was 273 mm;
plate 11 was 3 mm thick mild steel;plate 12 was 20 mm thick mild steel;plate 15 was 10 mm thick mild steel; thetimber layer 18 was composed of 40 mm thick maranti planks; and thekieselguhr layer 19 was 100 mm thick. The specimen was supported in a rig to simulate its mounting to the associated door frame and a 3.33 kg charge of type PE4 (cyclonite-based) plastic explosive (equivalent to about 5 kg of dynamite) was applied to the surface ofplate 11. When the charge was detonated theplate 11 was destroyed but bothplates timber 18 around the immediate area of the explosion was disintegrated as was thekieselguhr layer 19, but thesteel plate 12 immediately behind this area of damage was only warm to the touch after the blast. - In this particular example the
kieselguhr layer 19 is provided to confer general fire resistance to the structure, and is not thought to make a significant contribution to blast resistance of itself. By replacing thelayer 19 in this structure with further timber, therefore, resistance to even heavier charges of explosive may be obtained. - Reference is made to EP-A-0152880 in which the claims relateto a security door with liquid filled receptacles, rather than a layer of timber, between the forward and rearward portions of the door.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85101347T ATE36889T1 (en) | 1984-02-11 | 1985-02-08 | SECURITY DOOR. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB848403628A GB8403628D0 (en) | 1984-02-11 | 1984-02-11 | Security barrier structure |
GB8403628 | 1984-02-11 | ||
GB848415743A GB8415743D0 (en) | 1984-06-20 | 1984-06-20 | Security barrier structure |
GB8415743 | 1984-06-20 | ||
ZA8410035 | 1984-12-21 | ||
ZA8410035 | 1984-12-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0152881A2 EP0152881A2 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
EP0152881A3 EP0152881A3 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
EP0152881B1 true EP0152881B1 (en) | 1988-08-31 |
Family
ID=27262278
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850101347 Expired EP0152881B1 (en) | 1984-02-11 | 1985-02-08 | Security door assembly |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0152881B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3859985A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3564718D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2154639B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2237835B (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1994-06-01 | Manchester City Council | A security door |
FR2658847A1 (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-08-30 | Somenor Sa | Wall intended to withstand sudden variations in pressure, and method for constructing this wall |
GB9423343D0 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1995-01-18 | Henry Brothers Magherafelt Lim | Blast resistant building structures |
GB9526398D0 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1996-02-21 | Kovacs Laurence K | Improvements in or relating to fire resisting doors |
GB0015927D0 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2000-08-23 | Door Panels Plc | Door panel |
FR2870880B1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-07-21 | Mineur Becourt Systemes | DOOR ANTI-BLOW AND FIRE PROTECTION |
US8707625B2 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-04-29 | Dan Raz Ltd. | Arrangement for securing a panel closure |
CN107923197A (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2018-04-17 | 丹拉斯有限公司 | For sliding the fixed mechanism of plate body |
IL241392B (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2021-05-31 | Dan Raz Ltd | Door with supplementary hinge-side engagement |
US9970214B2 (en) | 2015-11-29 | 2018-05-15 | Dan Raz Ltd | Door or other closable panel with lock-actuating linkage |
US10487545B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2019-11-26 | Dan Raz Ltd. | Latch arrangement having a stop latch |
US9988830B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2018-06-05 | Dan Raz Ltd. | Latch arrangement having a handle |
CN106593224B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-08-17 | 重庆欧帆门业有限公司 | Anti-knocking timber |
US11598125B2 (en) | 2017-09-03 | 2023-03-07 | Dan Raz Ltd. | Latch arrangement |
CN108412370B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-11-29 | 安徽忠盛新型装饰材料有限公司 | A kind of pin-connected panel carved wood door window and its assembling process |
CN113250593A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-13 | 赵学兰 | Explosion-proof people's air defense door |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE135849C (en) * | ||||
GB509358A (en) * | 1937-04-15 | 1939-07-14 | Hugo Morawetz | Improvements in or relating to doors, panels and like structures, provided with edging strips |
GB505523A (en) * | 1938-04-21 | 1939-05-12 | Wilhelm Zanzinger | Improvements in doors |
US3093098A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1963-06-11 | Morton M Rosenfeld | Door structure for bomb shelter |
DE2639691C3 (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1981-01-08 | Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co, 4630 Bochum | Protective door |
DE2740194A1 (en) * | 1977-09-07 | 1979-03-08 | Sommer Metallbau Stahlbau Gmbh | Multi-piece impact resistant door and case - have load-bearing door zone extending into hollow box case |
AT370204B (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1983-03-10 | Hamerle Vinzenz Ing | MULTILAYERED, BULLET-PROTECTED ARMOR FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS |
DE8224631U1 (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1982-12-02 | Sälzer, Heinrich, 3550 Marburg | BURGLAR AND BULLET-PROOF STEEL DOORS FOR CONSTRUCTION OPENINGS |
-
1985
- 1985-02-07 GB GB08503134A patent/GB2154639B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-08 DE DE8585101347T patent/DE3564718D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-08 EP EP19850101347 patent/EP0152881B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-11 AU AU38599/85A patent/AU3859985A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0152881A3 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
GB2154639B (en) | 1987-06-03 |
AU3859985A (en) | 1985-08-15 |
GB2154639A (en) | 1985-09-11 |
DE3564718D1 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
GB8503134D0 (en) | 1985-03-13 |
EP0152881A2 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
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