EP0151444A2 - Machine for grinding workpieces, in particular for grinding decorations on hollow glassware - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A grinding machine for grinding workpieces (5), with at least one wheel stand (6) comprising a workpiece-clamping apparatus, with a plurality of stationary machining units (4) comprising at least one grinding disc (14) in each case, with a conveying device (1) for the wheel stand (6), of which there is at least one and which can be moved by the conveying device (1) in a clock-timed manner past the machining units (4), and with displacement devices which are controlled by driving elements and of which a first displacement device (19) provided at each machining unit is used to pivot the grinding disc (14) about a first spatial axis extending at right angles or transversely to the axis of rotation of the grinding disc (14) and a second displacement device (38) provided on at least one wheel stand (6) is used to rotate the workpiece (5) relative to the grinding disc (4) about a second spatial axis formed by the workpiece axis, and of which a third displacement device (41) is used to effect a relative movement between the workpiece (5) and the grinding disc (14) in the direction of the second spatial axis, characterized in that coupling members (47, 48) are provided on at least one wheel stand (6) and on the machining units (4) in order to couple or lock the wheel stand mechanically to a machining unit by moving transversely to the conveying direction of the conveying device (1) in the stoppage phase of the conveying device, the wheel stand (6), of which there is at least one, comprises the third displacement device (41) and a fourth displacement device (33) by which the workpiece-clamping apparatus (39) is pivotable about a third spatial axis (31) extending at right angles to the second spatial axis, each machining unit (4) has provided thereon separate driving elements (21, 23, 24, 25) for the displacement devices (19, 33, 38, 41), of which the driving elements (23, 24, 25) of the displacement devices (33, 38, 41) provided on the wheel stand (6) have first coupling elements (22), and the at least one wheel stand (6) comprises second coupling elements (46) which are connected in a driving manner in each case to a displacement device (33, 38, 41) on the wheel stand (6) and engage with one first coupling element (22) in each case when the wheel stand (6) is coupled to a machining unit (4).

Description

The invention relates to a grinding machine for grinding workpieces, in particular. Decorative grinding machine for grinding hollow glasses, with at least one grinding block having a workpiece clamping device, with a plurality of stationary processing units each having at least one grinding wheel, with a conveyor device for the at least one grinding block, with which the grinding block can be moved past the processing units in a clocked manner, and with adjusting devices controlled by drive elements, of which a first adjusting device provided on each processing unit for pivoting the grinding wheel about a first spatial axis running perpendicularly or transversely to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and a second one, at least one Adjusting device provided for grinding block serves to rotate the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel about a second spatial axis formed by the workpiece axis, and of which a third adjusting device is used Achieving a relative movement between workpiece and grinding wheel in the direction of the second spatial axis,

Grinding machines for grinding workpieces and in particular also decorative grinding machines for grinding hollow glasses are known per se in numerous designs. "Hollow glasses" in the sense of the invention are to be understood in particular as drinking glasses or other glass vessels, such as vases, etc., which are provided with a decorative cut. In particular in the case of decorative grinding machines for hollow glasses, it is customary to move the workpiece, namely the hollow glass to be ground and the grinding wheel provided on a processing unit, in several spatial axes relative to one another in order to be able to carry out the required decorative grinding. Known grinding machines have a relatively complicated structure, in particular in the case of those known grinding machines in which several groups of workpieces or hollow glasses each Several groups of processing units can be processed simultaneously in the same way or can be provided with a decorative part or individual decor, the necessary relative movements between the grinding wheel and the workpiece are achieved by moving the individual grinding units having the grinding wheels on the processing units, or the workpieces be moved on a common heavy sledge. Since relatively high masses have to be moved, complex and heavy constructions result. Due to the ever increasing demands on the complexity and quality of an end product (finished workpiece), it is necessary to make the machining processes more and more diverse or to adapt a grinding machine to a wide variety of end products in an increasingly complex manner. Known grinding machines or decorative grinding machines do not meet this requirement either.

The invention is based on the object of demonstrating a grinding machine for grinding workpieces and in particular a decorative grinding machine for grinding hollow glasses which (grinding machine) is capable of having a relatively simple structure and, above all, of a construction which is optimized in terms of production technology to meet ever increasing demands on the complexity and quality of the end product and to carry out the most diverse work processes with high quality and / or accuracy.

To solve this problem, a grinding machine of the type described at the outset is designed according to the invention in such a way that coupling pieces are provided on the at least one grinding block and on the processing units in order to mechanically couple the grinding block to a processing unit in the standstill phase of the conveyor by moving transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor to arrest that the at least one grinding block _"has the third adjusting device (to achieve the relative movement between the workpiece and the grinding wheel in the direction of the second spatial axis or to achieve the workpiece feed) and a fourth adjusting device with which the workpiece clamping device is arranged in a perpendicular to the second spatial axis trending third space axis is pivotable that separate drive elements for the adjusting devices are provided on each processing unit, of which the drive elements for the adjusting devices provided on the grinding block each have a first coupling element, and that the at least one grinding block has second coupling elements, each of which is driven by an adjusting device on Grinding block are connected and in engagement with a grinding unit coupled to a processing unit with a first coupling element.

In the grinding machine according to the invention, the second adjusting device causes the workpiece or glass to rotate about the workpiece or glass axis, which is preferably perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveying device, the third adjusting device causes the workpiece or glass feed relative to the grinding wheel of a processing unit, the fourth adjusting device produces a workpiece. or glass pivoting relative to the grinding wheel of a processing unit or relative to the axis of rotation of this grinding wheel and the first adjusting device a tangential pivoting of the grinding wheel relative to the workpiece or the workpiece axis.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement is such that the third spatial axis is radially opposite the engagement surface of the grinding wheel with respect to the workpiece axis, i.e. For example, in the case of a grinding wheel rotating around a horizontal axis, it is arranged exactly below or above the grinding wheel, the third spatial axis simultaneously intersecting the second spatial axis about which the workpiece can be rotated relative to the grinding wheel (workpiece axis).

Since, with the exception of the adjustment of the grinding wheel about the first spatial axis in the grinding machine according to the invention, the adjustment devices for all other controllable axes are provided on the at least one bench grinder, this results in a particularly simple construction and in particular also a construction in which the adjustment without the Moving or swiveling large masses is possible. The drive connection, in particular of the adjustment devices on the at least one grinding stand with the associated Rige drive elements or with the second coupling elements takes place in the grinding machine according to the invention preferably in a particularly simple manner by flexible shafts, in order to avoid errors in the setting, which (errors) are due to torsional errors of the flexible shafts and / or play and drive, a play-free reduction gear with a high reduction ratio is preferably interposed between each flexible shaft and the associated adjusting device. Torsional errors in the flexible shafts can then practically no longer affect the setting of the workpiece. Suitable reduction gears are, for example, gears that are known under the name "harmonic drive gears".

In the grinding machine according to the invention, the grinding wheel or the grinding unit on the individual processing units is preferably not only rotatable or pivotable about the first spatial axis, but can also be displaced in this first spatial axis with the aid of a fifth adjusting device, for example with the aid of a drive element simple three-phase brake motor, which is only equipped with an encoder, so that stepless positions can be selected. However, this adjustment preferably does not form a controllable axis, since the grinding machine according to the invention does not fundamentally require movement of the grinding wheel or the grinding unit in this axis direction during grinding, in particular not because the pivot point for the axis pivoting is always in the axis of the axis Grinding wheel rotation lies and the slight differences on the at least one grinding stand are compensated for by a device controlling the grinding pressure, with which the delivery of the workpiece to the grinding wheel is corrected when the workpiece is pivoted about the third spatial axis or when the workpiece is moved in the direction of the second spatial axis can be. This correction is preferably carried out in a computer-controlled manner in the grinding machine according to the invention, the drive elements for the individual adjusting devices also preferably being controlled by a computer or a computer unit according to a predetermined program.

In the grinding machine according to the invention, a plurality of grinding blocks are preferably provided, each of the completely identical grinding blocks having the adjusting devices provided on the grinding block and also being provided with its own device which generates the grinding pressure, for example by a hydraulically operated piston-cylinder element (oil cylinder with Piston) or is formed by a membrane cylinder. The delivery or the lifting process of this device generating the grinding pressure is designed so that, depending on the glass position, hydraulic fluid or oil is displaced or sucked out of the hydraulic cylinder during grinding, so that the individual position at the moment of lifting each workpiece or hollow glass is detected and the lifting process acts immediately on each workpiece due to a defined oil surge. In contrast to conventional machines, the lifting process is therefore carried out individually for each workpiece, even if, in the presence of a large number of grinding blocks, several grinding blocks are each assigned to a group of processing units which carry out the same machining processes on several workpieces simultaneously or simultaneously.

In the grinding machine according to the invention, the conveyor device is, for example, a rotor which is driven in a clocked manner about a vertical axis. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the grinding machine according to the invention, a dressing device for the grinding wheels of the processing units is also provided on the conveyor device in addition to the at least one grinding stand, this dressing device being structurally largely identical to the at least one grinding stand. The dressing device is designed, for example, in such a way that, instead of the second adjusting device used to rotate the workpiece, a drive motor is provided with a spindle which has a dressing disk, for example a ceramic disk. The fourth adjusting device can then be used to bring the dressing wheel into a required angular position with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel to be dressed, the third adjusting device, which is used for the workpiece feed in the grinder block, for an oscillating movement of the dressing wheel relative to grinding wheel to be dressed. The feed of the dressing wheel to the grinding wheel to be dressed takes place, for example, by an additional adjusting device which is controlled by the drive element for the workpiece rotation and which is provided in the dressing device instead of the device generating the grinding pressure.

• 1. Die Diamant-Werkzeug-Ausnutzung, d.h. die Ausnutzung der Schleifscheiben kann optimaler als bei herkömmlichen Maschien gestaltet werden, da für jede erforderliche Schliffbreite eine spezielle Schleifscheibe vorgesehen werden kann, so daß der Schleif- bzw. der Diamantbelag optimal ausgenutzt wird, und zwar nicht nur an der Spitze der Schleifscheiben.
• 2. Jedes Werkstück bzw. jedes Hohlglas wird unter der Schleifscheibe mechanisch zentriert. Dadurch kann die Anzahl der Schleifköpfe bzw. Schleifscheiben bedenkenlos erhöht werden.
• 3. Durch die individuellen Einzelantriebe bzw. Verstelleinrichtungen je Werkstück wird eine weitgehende Schwingungsfreiheit erreicht, was eine Verbesserung der geschliffenen Oberfläche und auch eine Verringerung des Schleifscheibenverschleisses bedingt.
• 4. Insbesondere bei einer radialen Anordnung der Schleifscheiben und Werkstücke ist die Möglichkeit eines automatischen Abrichtens der Schleifscheiben durch eine Abrichteinrichtung gegeben. Dadurch entsteht optimal geringer Verlust an Diamantmaterial beim Abrichten, da Toleranzfehler nur einmal abgerichtet werden. Weiterhin ist hierdurch eine Schwingungs-und Schlagfreiheit der Schleifscheiben nach Abrichten gewährleistet.
• 5. Das Be- und Entladen ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine an einer Beschickungsposition während des Arbeitsvorganges möglich.
• 6. Durch Einzelaufnahmen für die Werkstücke bzw. durch die individuell an jedem Schleifbock vorgesehenen Werkstückhalterungen und durch die Ankupplung bzw. Zentrierung der Schleifböcke an den Bearbeitungseinheiten werden Toleranzprobleme eliminiert.
• 7. Durch die Einfachheit des Schleifkopfes (es besteht keine Notwendigkeit einen Doppelschleifkopf oder gar einen Dreifachschleifkopf zu verwenden) kann die Lagerung optimal gestaltet werden, da kein Doppel- oder gar Dreifachschleifkopf erforderlich ist. Diese Schleifkonstruktion erfordert allerdings eine Begrenzung der Dreh- bzw. Schwenkbewegung um die erste Raumachse auf 300° und ermöglicht daher eine Wasserzufuhr an die jeweilige Schleifscheibe mit einer festen Schlauchverbindung.
• 8. Durch den segmentweisen Aufbau der Schleifmaschine, d.h. durch die Verwendung gleichartiger Bearbeitungseinheiten und gleichartiger Schleifböcke ist eine außerordentliche Servicefreundlichkeit gegeben, d.h. bei Ausfall einer Maschinengruppe kann diese komplett ausgetauscht und erst dann repariert werden. Die Schleifmaschine ist sofort wieder einsatzbereit.
• 9. Aufgrund der Segmentbauweise ist auch die Möglichkeit zu vielfältigen Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der einzelnen Baugruppen gegeben. Diese Bauweise vermindert auch die Lagerkosten und begünstigt die Serienfertigung für unterschiedlichste Maschinengrößen und Maschinenmöglichkeiten.

The main advantages of the grinding machine according to the invention can be summarized as follows:

• 1. The diamond tool utilization, ie the utilization of the grinding wheels can be designed more optimally than with conventional machines, since a special grinding wheel can be provided for each required grinding width, so that the grinding or diamond coating is optimally used, namely not just at the top of the grinding wheels.
• 2. Each workpiece or hollow glass is mechanically centered under the grinding wheel. This means that the number of grinding heads or grinding wheels can be increased without hesitation.
• 3. The individual individual drives or adjusting devices for each workpiece achieve a high degree of freedom from vibrations, which improves the ground surface and also reduces grinding wheel wear.
• 4. Particularly in the case of a radial arrangement of the grinding wheels and workpieces, there is the possibility of automatic dressing of the grinding wheels by means of a dressing device. This results in optimally low loss of diamond material during dressing, as tolerance errors are only dressed once. This also ensures that the grinding wheels are free of vibrations and impacts after dressing.
• 5. Loading and unloading is possible in the grinding machine according to the invention at a loading position during the working process.
• 6. Tolerance problems are eliminated by individual receptacles for the workpieces or by the workpiece holders provided individually on each grinding block and by coupling or centering the grinding blocks on the processing units.
• 7. Due to the simplicity of the grinding head (there is no need to use a double grinding head or even a triple grinding head), the storage can be optimally designed, since no double or even triple grinding head is required. However, this grinding construction requires a limitation of the rotating or swiveling movement around the first spatial axis to 300 ° and therefore enables water to be supplied to the respective grinding wheel with a fixed hose connection.
• 8. The segmented structure of the grinding machine, ie the use of identical processing units and identical grinding blocks, makes it extremely easy to service, ie if a machine group fails, it can be completely replaced and only then repaired. The grinding machine is ready for use again immediately.
• 9. Due to the segment design, there is also the possibility of a wide range of possible combinations of the individual assemblies. This design also reduces storage costs and favors series production for a wide variety of machine sizes and machine options.

• Fig. 1 in schematischer Darstellung eine Draufsicht auf eine Dekorschleifmaschine gemäß der Erfindung;
• Fig. 2 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Maschine gemäß Fig. 1, wobei der einfacheren Darstellung wegen nur die linke Hälfte dieses Schnittes gezeigt ist;
• Fig. 3 in einer vereinfachten Darstellung eine Draufsicht auf mehrere, um eine gemeinsame vertikale Achse kreisringförmig angeordnete Bearbeitungseinheiten und Schleifböcke der Dekorschleifmaschine gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 eine ähnliche Darstellung wie Fig. 2, jedoch im Bereich der Beschickungsposition bzw. Beschickungsvorrichtung der Dekorschleifmaschine nach Fig. l;
• Fig. 5 eine ähnliche Darstellung, wie Fig. 2, jedoch bei einer unter einer Bearbeitungseinheit angeordneten Abrichteinheit für die Schleifscheiben.

Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a top view of a decorative grinding machine according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the machine according to FIG. 1, only the left half of this section being shown for the sake of simplicity;
• 3 shows a simplified representation of a plan view of a plurality of processing units and grinding blocks of the decorative grinding machine according to FIG. 1 arranged in a ring around a common vertical axis;
• FIG. 4 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2, but in the area of the loading position or loading device of the decorative grinding machine according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 5 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2, but with a dressing unit for the grinding wheels arranged under a processing unit.

The decorative grinding machine shown in the figures consists of a rotor 1, which is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis S on a column 2 of a machine frame 3. The rotor 1 is clocked by a drive 1 'about the axis S in the direction of arrow A, i.e. driven step by step, in the embodiment shown in such a way that the rotor 1 is rotated by 90 ° in each movement phase following a standstill phase. On the circumference of the rotor 1, a plurality of processing units 4 are arranged in a stationary manner on the machine frame 3, specifically a total of 24 processing units 4 in the embodiment shown, which are each grouped into three groups I, II and III, each with eight processing units 4. The control is such that the processing units 4 of each group simultaneously carry out the same processing on eight hollow glasses 5 to be processed.

On the outer circumference of the rotor 1, a plurality of grinder blocks 6 are fastened to this rotor, in the embodiment shown a total of 32 grinder blocks 6, which form four groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, and IVa of eight grinder blocks 6 each, with the 1, the grinding blocks 6 of three groups are each arranged under a processing unit 4 and the grinding blocks 6 of a group of a loading position provided on the machine frame 3 with loading device 7 opposite. The arrangement of the grinder blocks 6, the processing units 4 and the charging device 7 on the rotor or around the rotor is further such that the processing units 4 and the grinding blocks 6 of all groups are each at the same angular distance from one another, the distance between the last Processing unit 4 of a group and the first processing unit of the subsequent group or between the last grinding block 6 of a group and the first grinding block 6 of the following group is equal to twice the angular distance, that is, in the embodiment shown, the angular distance between the individual processing units 4 or individual grinder blocks 6 within a group each 10 °, while the angular distance between two adjacent groups is 20 °.

Instead of the rotor 1 shown in the figures, a chain transport system can also be provided, especially for larger units, so that the machine becomes a "production line" and maintains tolerable external dimensions.

Each processing unit 4 has a vertical stand frame 8 fastened to the machine frame 3, on the side of which facing the rotor 1 a slide 9 is held so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction. This carriage 9 can be moved up and down in the vertical direction with an adjusting device 10 having a drive motor. On the carriage 9, an arm or arm 11 protruding in the horizontal direction is fastened, on which a grinding unit 12 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis V, the mounting being such that the grinding unit rotates or rotates about the axis V. Can perform pivoting movement of about 300 ⁰ . Limiting the rotary or pivoting movement of the grinding unit 12 to 300 ° has the advantage, among other things, that the water required for grinding can be supplied with a fixed hose connection. The grinding unit 12 consists essentially of the drive motor 13 and a grinding wheel 14 driven by the latter, which is fastened to one end of a shaft which is rotatably mounted in an arm 15 which is bent several times. The arm 15 is on the housing of the drive mo tors 13 attached and in this arm, the gear elements are provided, which produce a drive connection between the motor and the grinding wheel 14 supporting shaft or spindle. The shaft carrying the grinding wheel 14 extends in an axial direction perpendicular to the axis V, ie the grinding wheel 14 runs around a vertical axis which intersects the axis V in the region of the grinding wheel 14. In order to pivot or rotate the grinding unit 12 about the axis V, a disk 16 is attached to the arm 15 below the arm 11, concentrically with the axis V, which is connected via a toothed belt 17 to a disk 18 on the output shaft of a reduction gear 19 as a drive stands. The input shaft of the reduction gear 19 is connected via a flexible shaft 20 to a drive element 21 on the stand frame 8. Through the backlash-free reduction gear 19, which has a reduction ratio of 1:85 or 1: 150, for example, any errors that occur during the adjustment or rotation of the grinding unit 12 about the axis V due to the torsion of the flexible shaft 20 or a possibly. Play in the drive could result so greatly reduced that such errors have practically no effect.

In the lower area of the stator frame 8, three coupling elements 22 are provided on the side facing the rotor 1, each of which is fastened to the shaft of a drive element 23, 24 or 25.

The grinding block 6 consists essentially of a carriage 26 _L which is attached to the rotor 1 so as to be displaceable radially to the axis S, ie in the horizontal direction in accordance with the double arrow B. A pneumatically or hydraulically actuable piston-cylinder element 27 is used to move the slide 26 in the direction of the double arrow B. On the upper side of the slide 26 there is an arm 28 which projects upwards in the vertical direction, at the upper end of which it is by means of a hinge pin 29 , whose axis runs perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 2 or extends in the horizontal direction and at the same time in the tangential direction to the axis of rotation of the rotor 1, which pivotally supports one end of the leg 30 'of a U-shaped or bow-shaped support frame 30 is; on the other leg 30 "of this support frame, an intermediate support 32 is pivotally mounted at 31 about an axis running parallel to the axis of the hinge pin 29. In order to achieve the best possible support for the intermediate support 32, the support frame 30 preferably has two parallel to one another and at a distance from one another arranged legs 30 "on both sides of the intermediate support 32 and at the ends of the trough or trough-like intermediate support 32 with its longitudinal extension approximately radially to the axis S, each having a pivot pin lying axially with the axis 31 is pivotally supported . For pivoting the intermediate support 32 relative to the support frame 30, an adjusting device 33 is used, which essentially consists of a worm wheel 34 rotatably mounted on the support frame 30 and a toothing 35 which is in engagement with this worm wheel and which on the intermediate support 32 or on one of the latter Approaching this intermediate carrier 32 is provided at the bottom. The worm wheel is connected to a flexible shaft 37 via a reduction gear 36 with a high reduction ratio (similar to the reduction gear 19). A reduction gear 38 is displaceably arranged or guided on the intermediate carrier 32 in the direction of the longitudinal extent of this intermediate carrier, which reduces a clamping device 39 for a hollow glass 5 on its output shaft. The driving shaft of the reduction gear 38, which also has a high reduction ratio, is operatively connected to a flexible shaft 40. An adjusting device 41 is used to move the reduction gear 38 with the clamping device 39 along the intermediate carrier 32, which essentially consists of a toothed rack 42 connected to the reduction gear 38 and a toothed wheel 43 which engages with this toothed rack, the latter on the output shaft of a reduction gear 44 is attached. The input shaft of the reduction gear 44 is connected to a flexible shaft 45 'via an angular gear. Against the underside of the support frame 30, the upper end of the piston rod of a hydraulic piston-cylinder element 45 is supported, which (piston rod) can be moved up and down in the vertical direction and through the (piston rod) of the support frame 30 for pressing the hollow glass 5 against the grinding wheel 14 around Hinge pin 29 is pivotable. The arrangement is also such that the axis 31 and the point of engagement of the piston rod of the piston-cylinder element 45 are approximately below the grinding wheel 14. In the position of the slide 26 shown in FIG. 2, the axis 31 is offset radially inward from the center plane of the grinding wheel 14 slightly to the axis S, while the point of application of the piston-cylinder element 45 on the support frame 30 is a somewhat smaller distance from axis S has axis 31. ^* Instead of a piston-cylinder element 45, another element having a similar effect, for example a membrane cylinder, can also be used.

The reduction gears 38 and 44 also (similar to the reduction gear 19) in turn have a large reduction ratio and, like the reduction gear, ensure that torsional errors of the flexible shafts 37, 40 and 45 practically do not occur when setting the hollow glass 5 with respect to the grinding wheel 14 of the adjusting devices 33 and 41 or with the aid of the reduction gear, as described above in connection with the reduction gear 19. The ends of the flexible shafts 37, 40 and 45 remote from the reduction gears 36, 38 and 44 are connected to coupling elements 46, which then engage with the coupling elements 22 when the carriage 26 comes out of its right position shown in FIG The piston-cylinder element 27 is moved to the left (into the working position). In this working position, in which the axis 31 then lies exactly below the center plane of the grinding wheel 14, and in which the processing of the hollow glass 5 takes place with the aid of the grinding wheel 14, the slide 26 is then additionally mechanically coupled to a processing unit 4, specifically characterized in that provided on the stand frame 8 coupling pins 47 engage in socket-shaped coupling elements 48 on the carriage 26. With the aid of the drive elements 23, 24 and 25 provided on each processing unit 4, in the case of a grinding stand 6 coupled to a processing unit 4, the hollow glass held on the clamping device 39 can perform three movements relative to the grinding wheel 14, namely a glass rotation by one direction the longitudinal extension of the Intermediate support 32 extending spatial axis (with the help of the reduction gear 38 and the associated flexible shaft 40), a glass feed in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the intermediate support 32 with the aid of the adjusting device 41 and a pivoting movement about the axis 31 perpendicular to the glass feed with the aid of the adjusting device 33 the carriage 26 in the position shown in FIG. 2, in which the carriage 26 or the grinder block 6 is uncoupled from the processing units 4, the drive elements 23, 24 and 25 are in a predetermined position by means of fixing devices (not shown), for example electromagnetic actuatable fixing devices fixed. All drive elements 21, 23, 24 and 25 of the processing units 4 of a group I, II or III are each controlled by a computer unit 49, in such a way that when the grinders 6 are coupled to this group, the same processing steps are carried out on the glasses 5 clamped there be performed. The computer units 49 are monitored by a central computer unit 50, which then also controls the rotation of the rotor 1, for example.

The individual computer units 49 also control the setting devices 10 (for the height adjustment of the grinding wheel 14), the setting devices 10 being each formed, for example, by a simple three-phase brake motor which is only equipped with an encoder, so that the computer unit has stepless positions can be selected. However, the three-phase brake motor in question is not equipped as a controllable axis, since the design of the decorative grinding machine does not require any movement that might be required during grinding. The axis adjustment of the glass 5 is realized in the grinder block 6. The axis 31, about which the pivoting takes place, is always exactly below the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 14 when a grinder block 6 is coupled to a processing unit 4. The height differences that are required due to the pivoting of the glass 5 are so minimal that they are caused by serving as a grinding pressure cylinder piston-cylinder element 45 can be compensated. The resulting geometric changes are taken into account, for example, by the relevant computer unit 49 sighted and compensated. The conversion in the computer unit is carried out via the glass contour entered for each glass 5, in the same way as the conversions for glass diameter and thus the angle of rotation and glass feed, which always takes place in the axial direction of the glass in the decorative grinding machine described, regardless of the respective axis angle position. Characterized in that each group is assigned by the machining units 4, a computer unit 49, which is monitored by the central computer unit 50, may be completely independent of an operation on each group of processing units and can there ekore completely independent _D or decorative parts are created, namely on the basis of programs entered into the computing unit 49. These programs can be created or tested outside of the decorative grinding machine, specifically on a test device consisting of a processing unit 4 and a grinder block 6, the two parts of the test unit mentioned at the same time also being available as exchange units for any defects in the decorative grinding machine .

• Bei stillstehendem Rotor 1 und an die Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 angekoppelten Schleifböcken 6 wird die Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 von der Seite her zunächst an einen der sich in der Beschickungsposition befindlichen Schleifböcke 6 heranbewegt, und zwar derart, daß die auch an der Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 vorgesehenen Kupplungsstifte 47 mit den Kupplungselementen 48 dieses Schleifbockes 6 in Eingriff kommen. Durch einen gesondert aufgegebenen Druck wird über das Kolben-Zylinder-Element 45, der mit dem Untersetzungsgetriebe 38 und der Einspannvorrichtung 39 versehene Zwischenträger 33 gegen einen Zentrierarm 51 der Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 angedrückt, so daß letztere mit dem betreffenden Schleifbock eine starre Einheit bildet. Nun wird durch eine Schubvorrichtung 52 ein Glas 5 aus der Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 gegen die Einspannvorrichtung 39 bewegt, an welcher das Glas 5 durch Vakuum bzw. Unterdruck gehalten wird. Die Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 bewegt sich anschließend zu dem nächsten, sich in der Beschickungsposition befindlichem Schleifbock 6, und dort wiederholt sich der beschriebene Beschickungsvorgang. Ein besonderer Vorteil der beschriebenen Beschickungsvorrichtung ist, daß durch die feste Verbindung zwischen Beschickungsvorrichtung 7 und Schleifbock 6 das betreffende Glas 5 genau axial auf die Einspannvorrichtung 39 gebracht werden kann, so daß es möglichst schlagfrei für die folgenden Bearbeitungsvorgänge gehalten ist. Sind auf die acht Schleifböcke 6 in der Beschickungsposition acht Gläser 5 aufgesteckt, so erhält die Maschine einen Startbefehl. Die acht Gläser 5 bewegen sich dann unter die erste Gruppe I der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4. Nach dem Stillstehen des Rotors 1 werden wiederum sämtliche, unter Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 befindliche Schleifböcke 6 mit Hilfe der Kolben-Zylinder-Elemente 27 radial nach außen bewegt und an die betreffenden Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 angekoppelt, so daß die erste Gruppe von acht Gläsern, die sich nun unter der Gruppe I der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 befinden, einen ersten Bearbeitungsvorgang unterzogen werden können. Während dieser Zeit werden auf die nächsten, sich an der Beschickungsposition befindlichen acht Schleifböcke 6 acht Gläser aufgesteckt und nach Beendigung des ersten Dekorteils (an der Gruppe I) erhält die Maschine wiederum einen Startbefehl und die zweite Gruppe von acht Gläsern 5 gelangt unter die Gruppe I der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4. Gleichzeitig gelangt die erste Gruppe von acht Gläsern unter die Gruppe II der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4. Bei diesem neuen Bearbeitungsgang werden wiederum in der Beschickungsposition Schleifböcke 6 mit Gläsern 5 bestückt. Nachdem der längste, der jetzt laufenden Bearbeitungsvorgänge beendet ist, erhält die Maschine einen neuen Startbefehl, d.h. der Rotor 1 dreht abermals um die Achse S um einen Winkelbereich von 90°, so daß die dritte Gruppe von acht Gläsern 5 unter die Gruppe I der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 gelangt. Inzwischen hat die erste Gruppe von acht Gläsern 5 die Gruppe III der Bearbeitungseinheiten 4 erreicht und die Maschine ist voll bestückt. Nach Beendigung des am längsten währenden Bearbeitungsvorganges der drei Gruppen I, II und III erfolgt ein Start und die erste Gruppe von acht Gläsern 5 erreicht als fertig geschliffene Gläser die Beschickungsposition. Die fertig geschliffenen Gläser werden jetzt entnommen und jeder Schleifbock 6 an der Beschickungsposition wird mit einem neuen, nicht geschliffenen Glas 5 bestückt. Danach bzw. nach Abschluß des längsten Bearbeitungsvorganges erfolgt ein weiterer Start der Maschine, d.h. der Rotor 1 dreht um 90°, so daß schließlich die zweite Gruppe von acht Gläsern 5 als fertig geschliffene Gläser die Beschickungsposition erreicht und so weiter. Die Schleifzeit für acht Gläser 5 ist diejenige, die durch die am längsten arbeitende Bearbeitungseinheit 4 der Gruppen I, II und III bestimmt wird. Hinzuaddiert sich noch eine Tischteilzeit von drei Sekunden. Es ist dabei davon auszugehen, daß das Entnehmen und Neubestücken mit Gläsern 5 kürzere Zeit in Anspruch nimmt als das Bearbeiten dieser Gläser an den einzelnen Gruppen I, II und III.

The mode of operation of the decorative grinding machine shown can be described as follows:

• When the rotor 1 is stationary and the grinding blocks 6 coupled to the processing units 4, the loading device 7 is first moved from the side to one of the grinding blocks 6 located in the loading position, in such a way that the coupling pins 47 also provided on the loading device 7 with the coupling elements 48 of this grinder block 6 come into engagement. By means of a separately applied pressure, the intermediate carrier 33 provided with the reduction gear 38 and the clamping device 39 is pressed against a centering arm 51 of the loading device 7 via the piston-cylinder element 45, so that the latter forms a rigid unit with the relevant grinding stand. A pushing device 52 is now used to move a glass 5 out of the loading device 7 against the clamping device 39, on which the glass 5 is held by vacuum or negative pressure. The loading device 7 then moves to the next grinding block 6, which is in the loading position, and the described process is repeated there bene loading process. A particular advantage of the loading device described is that the glass 5 in question can be brought onto the clamping device 39 exactly axially by the fixed connection between the loading device 7 and the grinder bracket 6, so that it is kept as impact-free as possible for the following processing operations. If eight glasses 5 are placed on the eight grinding blocks 6 in the loading position, the machine receives a start command. The eight glasses 5 then move under the first group I of the processing units 4. After the rotor 1 has come to a standstill, all the grinding blocks 6 located under the processing units 4 are again moved radially outwards with the aid of the piston-cylinder elements 27 and to the relevant processing units 4 coupled so that the first group of eight glasses, which are now under group I of the processing units 4, can be subjected to a first processing operation. During this time, eight glasses are placed on the next eight grinding blocks 6 located at the loading position, and after the end of the first decorative part (on group I) the machine again receives a start command and the second group of eight glasses 5 passes under group I. of processing units 4. At the same time, the first group of eight glasses comes under group II of processing units 4. In this new processing step, grinding blocks 6 are again fitted with glasses 5 in the loading position. After the longest, which is now running processing operations, the machine receives a new start command, ie the rotor 1 rotates again about the axis S through an angular range of 90 °, so that the third group of eight glasses 5 under group I of the processing units 4 arrives. In the meantime, the first group of eight glasses 5 has reached group III of the processing units 4 and the machine is fully equipped. After the longest-running machining process of the three groups I, II and III has ended, a start takes place and the first group of eight glasses 5 reaches the loading position as finished glasses. The finished cut glasses are now removed and each grinding block 6 at the loading position is fitted with a new, non-cut glass 5. Then, or after the longest machining process has been completed, the machine is started again, ie the rotor 1 rotates by 90 °, so that finally the second group of eight glasses 5 as finished glasses reaches the loading position and so on. The grinding time for eight glasses 5 is that which is determined by the longest working processing unit 4 of groups I, II and III. There is also a part-time table of three seconds. It can be assumed that the removal and refitting with glasses 5 takes less time than the processing of these glasses on the individual groups I, II and III.

It has already been mentioned that the last grinder block 6 of a group of grinder blocks has an angular distance from the first grinder block of the adjacent group which is twice as large as the angular distance of the grinder blocks 6 within a group. This is necessary because a distance must remain between the individual groups I, II and III of the processing units 4 so that an individual grinding head or grinding wheel movement is possible in the individual groups I, II and III. There is thus a gap between the individual groups Ia, IIa, IIIa and IVa of grinding blocks 6, into which a dressing device 53 can be inserted, as shown in FIG. 5. This dressing device, which is brought up to the individual machining units 4 instead of the grinder blocks 6 in a predetermined time rhythm in order to dress the grinding wheels 14 with the aid of a dressing wheel 54, is constructed in the same way as a grinder block 6, so that in FIG the same parts, the same reference numerals as in Figures 2 to 4 are used. A most important difference compared to a grinding block 6 is that on the intermediate carrier 32 instead of the reduction gear 38, a motor 55 in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate carrier, i.e. is guided radially displaceable to the axis S and can be moved back and forth with the aid of the setting device 41, the drive motor 55 carrying the ceramic dressing disk 54 on its shaft or spindle, which is also in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the intermediate carrier 32.

To dress a "diamond" grinding wheel 14 of a processing unit 4, the dressing unit 53 is coupled to this processing unit in accordance with a grinding block 6. The inclined position of the dressing wheel 54, which (inclined position) corresponds to the angle of the diamond grinding wheel 14, is set via the adjusting device 33. The setting device 41 generates an oscillating movement which moves the dressing wheel 54 past the grinding wheel 14. In a first operation, the dressing wheel 54, which is driven in rotation, trims one flank of the rotating grinding wheel 14. To dress the other flank, the grinding wheel 14 is rotated by 180 ° with the aid of the drive element 1. The feed of the dressing wheel 54 takes place via an adjusting device 56, which is provided instead of the piston-cylinder element 45 and whose input shaft is connected to the flexible shaft 40, via which the glass rotation takes place in the grinder blocks 6. In the simplest case, the adjusting device 56 consists of a threaded spindle-like part 57 with a fine thread, which (part) is moved up and down in the vertical direction by a nut thread piece in accordance with the rotary movement transmitted via the flexible shaft 40 and thereby pivots the support frame 30 around the hinge pin 29. The individual drive elements 23, 24 and 25 are controlled, for example, by the computer unit 49 according to a specific dressing program.

A dressing device 53 or several such devices, for example three dressing devices, can be provided in the decorative grinding machine.

• Durch die Verwendung weitgehenst gleicher Teile wie bei den Schleifböcken 6 ergibt sich eine Optimierung in fertigungstechnischer Hinsicht.

The main advantages of the dressing device 53 can be summarized as follows:

• By using largely the same parts as in the grinder blocks 6, there is an optimization in terms of production technology.

The diamond coating of the respective grinding wheel 14 to be dressed remains optimally small, since it is possible to adjust the dressing device exactly below the center of the grinding wheel 14.

The grinding wheel 14 can optimally stay on the machine longer, i.e. Tolerance errors only lead to diamond losses on the grinding wheel 14 once as a result of the first dressing.

The mechanical removal and attachment of the grinding wheels is avoided, which not only shortens the dressing time overall, but also prevents damage to the grinding wheels.

A readjustment after dressing the grinding wheels to the center of the turning center is not necessary.

Claims (11)

1. Grinding machine for grinding workpieces, in particular. Decorative grinding machine for grinding hollow glasses, with at least one grinding block having a workpiece clamping device, with several stationary processing units each having at least one grinding wheel, with a conveying device for the at least one grinding block with which the grinding block is clocked can be moved past the processing units, and with adjustment devices controlled by drive elements, of which a first adjustment device provided on each processing unit for pivoting the grinding wheel about a first spatial axis running perpendicularly or transversely to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and a second adjusting device provided on the at least one grinding block Rotating the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel around a second spatial axis formed by the workpiece axis, and of which a third adjusting device for achieving a relative movement z wiping the workpiece and grinding wheel in the direction of the second spatial axis,
characterized in that coupling pieces (47, 48) are provided on at least one grinding block (6) and on the processing units (4) in order to mechanically couple the grinding block to a processing unit in the standstill phase of the conveyor by moving transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor (1) or to lock that the at least one grinding block (6) has the third adjusting device (41) and a fourth adjusting device (33) with which the workpiece clamping device (39) can be pivoted about a third spatial axis (31) running perpendicular to the second spatial axis, that separate drive elements (21, 23, 24, 25) are provided for the adjusting devices (19, 33, 38, 41) on each processing unit (4), of which the drive elements (23, 24, 25) are attached to the grinding block (6) provided adjusting devices (33, 38, 41) have first coupling elements (22), and that the at least one grinding block (6) has second coupling elements (46) which are each drive-wise connected to an adjusting device (33, 38, 41) on the grinding block (6) and, when the grinding block (6) is coupled to a processing unit (4), engage with a first coupling element (22). 2. Grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one drive element (21, 23, 24, 25) or at least a second coupling element (46) via a flexible shaft (20, 37, 40, 45 ') with the associated adjusting device is connected in terms of drive, a reduction gear (19, 36, 38, 44) preferably being provided between the adjusting device and the flexible shaft. 3. Grinding machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the third spatial axis (31) in the coupled to a processing unit (4), at least one grinder block (6) -related to the second spatial axis (workpiece axis of rotation) the point of contact or the contact surface is radially opposite between the grinding wheel (14) and the workpiece. 4. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the third spatial axis (31) intersects the second spatial axis (workpiece axis of rotation). 5. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that a plurality of trestles (6) are provided on the front device (1),
wherein preferably the number of grinding blocks (6) is greater than the number of processing units (4) and / or preferably a plurality of groups (I, II, III) of processing units, each group of which has the same number of processing units (4) , as well as several groups (Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa) of grinding blocks (6) are provided, the number of grinding blocks (6) in each group being equal to the number of processing units (4) in each group (I, II, III) and the number of groups of grinding blocks (6) is at least one greater than the number of groups of processing units (4). 6. Grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that each group (I, II, III) of processing units (4) is assigned at least one computer unit (49), which the drive elements (10, 21, 23, 24, 25) of this group controls individually according to a program, and that preferably the computer units (49) of all groups (I, II, III) are monitored or controlled by a central computer unit (50). 7. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the at least one grinding block (6) consists of a carriage (26) on the conveying element (1) in the direction (B) transverse to the conveying direction (A) of the conveying element ( 1) is displaceably guided, and that a support frame (30) is pivotally attached to the carriage (21), on which an intermediate carrier (32) is pivotably articulated about the third spatial axis (31), and that the workpiece clamping device (39), if necessary. together with the second adjusting device (38) is displaceably guided on the intermediate carrier in the direction of the second spatial axis, the support frame (30) is preferably held on the slide (26) so as to be pivotable about an axis (29) which runs parallel to the third spatial axis (31), and / or a device (45) for generating the grinding pressure preferably acts on the supporting frame (30). 8. Grinding machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the point of application of the device (45) for generating the grinding pressure with respect to the second spatial axis (workpiece axis of rotation) is approximately radially opposite the third spatial axis. 9. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the workpiece clamping device (39) lies below the grinding wheels (14) of the processing units (4). 10. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the grinding wheels (14) on the processing units (4) by a fifth adjusting device (10) are displaceable in the direction of the first spatial axis. 11. Grinding machine according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that in addition to the at least one grinding block (6) at least one dressing device (53) is provided on the conveyor (1), and that preferably the at least one dressing device (53) in Their construction corresponds essentially to the at least one grinding block (6), with a drive motor (55) with a dressing disk (54) and instead of the device (45) merely replacing the second adjusting device (38) for the workpiece rotation and the workpiece clamping device (39). To adjust the grinding pressure, an adjusting device (56) is provided from the infeed of the dressing wheel (54) to a grinding wheel (14) to be dressed, and the adjusting device (56) for infeed of the dressing wheel (54) is connected in terms of drive to that second coupling element (46) which for the at least one grinding block (6) of the second adjusting device (38) for r the workpiece rotation is assigned.

Images