EP0150170A1 - Pneumatic hammer - Google Patents

Pneumatic hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0150170A1
EP0150170A1 EP85890001A EP85890001A EP0150170A1 EP 0150170 A1 EP0150170 A1 EP 0150170A1 EP 85890001 A EP85890001 A EP 85890001A EP 85890001 A EP85890001 A EP 85890001A EP 0150170 A1 EP0150170 A1 EP 0150170A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working cylinder
compressed air
cylinder
pneumatic hammer
working
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP85890001A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0150170B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Hasewend
Johann Neumüller
Peter Pacnik
Franz Scharfegger
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Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
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Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
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Publication of EP0150170A1 publication Critical patent/EP0150170A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/16—Valve arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic hammer, in particular a hand-held pneumatic hammer.
  • Pneumatic striking tools have a very wide range of applications, whereby the lowest possible energy consumption, i.e. compressed air consumption, a long service life and a construction without complicated individual parts are of particular importance.
  • these demands are extremely difficult to coordinate.
  • the lifespan of a percussion piston which is arranged in a working cylinder can be increased by damping the percussion piston in its return movement.
  • This damping can be achieved, for example, by a spring or, with a simpler and more robust construction, by means of an air cushion.
  • this air cushioning if this space is kept larger, can lead to higher compressed air consumption.
  • control for the compressed air should be kept as simple as possible, with small-scale construction elements in particular being avoided so that simple maintenance work, such as e.g. Cleaning can be carried out directly on site without much effort and without special tools.
  • a pneumatic impact device which has an impact piston which can be moved back and forth in a working cylinder.
  • the percussion piston closes the compressed air supply openings, which can be closed by an elastic ring that is in a channel for the compressed air supply is arranged.
  • a supply line for the compressed air extends into the percussion piston, which has a continuous bore, which is open for work at the bottom dead center position of the percussion piston and is closed when the percussion piston is raised.
  • the invention has set itself the goal of creating a pneumatic hammer which has a low compressed air consumption, ensures optimum braking of the percussion piston at top dead center and which is of particularly simple construction.
  • the pneumatic hammer according to the invention in particular a hand-held hammer with a percussion piston, which strikes a tool, in particular a plug-in tool, directly or indirectly via an intermediate piston, and is guided in a working cylinder which in the area of top dead center - beginning of the working stroke - has at least one access opening for the Compressed air in the working cylinder, which can be closed and opened by the percussion piston and an annular compressed-air-actuated valve closure member which is arranged in a compressed air supply duct, a duct for the compressed air supply for the return stroke and an exhaust air opening in the working cylinder essentially consists in that the control opening for the Supply of the compressed air for the working stroke or the return stroke are arranged essentially opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the working cylinder, and can be alternately closed and opened by the rigid annular valve closure member, the channel for the compressed air supply for the return stroke opening in the region of the bottom dead center into the working cylinder.
  • a particularly simple and effective construction is provided when the
  • the force with which the end cover is held against the working cylinder can be kept particularly high, while at the same time the space required for this is of secondary importance Meaning is.
  • the inner circular cylinder surface of the annular valve closure member has a larger, preferably about 1 to 5% larger diameter than the outer circular cylinder surface with the control openings for the compressed air supply, then a particularly simple valve can be manufactured, which ensures a high degree of manufacturing accuracy, which makes a particularly low energy consumption is achievable.
  • a particularly light construction results when a channel is provided in the working cylinder from the control opening for the compressed air for the return stroke to the area of the bottom dead center.
  • this additional jacket can be made of a different material than the working cylinder, whereby additional sound insulation can be achieved, for example.
  • the working cylinder has a tapering part in the region of the bottom dead center, which is designed corresponding to a section of the percussion piston, a particularly small air volume can be sufficient for the return stroke.
  • the tapering part of the working cylinder is advantageously formed in one piece with the working cylinder.
  • the pneumatic hammer shown in the drawing has a working cylinder 1, in which a percussion piston 2 is arranged to be longitudinally movable.
  • a bushing 3 is arranged, into which the insertion end 4 of an insertion tool 5 , only a part of which is shown, for example a break-in chisel, is inserted.
  • the insertion tool is held over a holding cap 6, which has a buffer ring 7 .
  • the bolt 8 is used to fix the retaining cap to the working cylinder.
  • a handle 9 is provided which has an inlet channel 10 which can be opened or closed arbitrarily with a ball 11.
  • the Ar Beitsylinder has a cylinder 13 in the area 12 of the top dead center, optionally with guide pins for the valve closure member 20, which is integrally formed with the working cylinder.
  • This cylinder has control openings 14, 15 for the supply of compressed air.
  • the circular cylinder projects into a cylindrical space, which serves as a compressed air supply duct 16.
  • the working cylinder is closed by an end cover 17, an annular spacer 18 made of rubber being arranged between the handle and the end cover, but which can also be designed as a metal plate spring which presses the end cover 17 over the handle 9 by screws, not shown, against the working cylinder.
  • An O-ring seal 19 is arranged between the handle 9 and the working cylinder 1, which ensures a gas-tight connection between the handle and the working cylinder.
  • the end cover extends with its edges over the cylinder 13 and thereby holds the valve closure member 20 consisting of a metallic ring, which may have radial widenings at least at one end area against tilting movements; this has an inner diameter of 56.2 mm, whereas the outer diameter of the cylinder 13 is 55 mm.
  • the annular valve closure member has radial mobility.
  • the control opening 15 for the compressed air supply for the return stroke opens into a channel 21 which in turn opens into the working cylinder in the region of the bottom dead center of the working cylinder.
  • the working cylinder has a narrowing part 22 which is formed in one piece with the remaining working cylinder. Furthermore, an exhaust air opening 23 is provided approximately in the middle between the top and bottom dead center.
  • the valve closure member If the percussion piston is located in the area of top dead center, the valve closure member is moved into the position shown in the drawing by the compressed air flowing out. The percussion piston springs out beyond the inlet opening and is moved back again by the resilient air cushion, whereby the inlet opening is released, and compressed air the opening 14 can flow into the working cylinder, so that the percussion piston is moved in the direction of the bottom dead center position. This movement continues until the percussion piston passes the exhaust air opening 23 and the compressed air can flow into the open through this opening. The pressure in the working cylinder thus drops, as a result of which the valve closure member is moved radially, so that the control opening 15 is released and compressed air reaches the area of bottom dead center, in which the percussion piston releases its energy to the insertion tool.
  • the channel 21 can also be formed by a jacket arranged around the working cylinder.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

1. A pneumatic hammer, in particular a hand-held hammer, having a percussion piston (2) which strikes an insertion tool (5) and is guided in an operating cylinder (1) which in the region of its top dead centre (12) has an admission opening (14) for the compressed air into the operating cylinder (1), the compressed air being controllable by the percussion piston (2) and an annular valve-closure member (20) which can be acted upon by compressed air and is arranged in the compressed-air supply duct (16), the operating cylinder (1) further containing a duct (21) for the compressed-air supply for the return stroke and an air-outlet opening (23) in the operating cylinder, and the annular valve-closure member (20) being provided with a sealing cover (17), characterized in that an annular spacer member (18) of elastomers, polyurethane, rubber or the like is supported resiliently located against the operating cylinder (1) by the arrangement of a spigot projecting from the sealing cover (17) and by a bore in the spacer member (18), the inlet duct (10) being arranged at right angles to the axis of the piston (2) and lying in che longitudinal region of the sealing cover (17).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen pneumatischen Hammer, insbesondere einen handgehaltenen pneumatischen Hammer.The invention relates to a pneumatic hammer, in particular a hand-held pneumatic hammer.

Pneumatische Schlagwerkzeuge besitzen einen sehr weiten Einsatzbereich, wobei ein möglichst geringer Energieverbrauch, also Druckluftverbrauch,eine hohe Lebensdauer und eine Konstruktion ohne kompliziert ausgestaltete Einzelteile von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Diese Forderungen sind jedoch außerordentlich schwer zu koordinieren. So kann beispielsweise die Lebensdauer eines Schlagkolbens, welcher in einem Arbeitszylinder angeordnet ist, dadurch erhöht werden, daß der Schlagkolben in seiner Rückholbewegung gedämpft wird. Diese Dämpfung kann beispielsweise durch eine Feder erreicht werden, oder, wodurch eine einfachere und robustere Konstruktion gegeben ist, mit einem Luftpolster erreicht werden. Diese Luftpolsterung kann jedoch, und zwar, wenn dieser Raum größer gehalten wird, zu einem höheren Druckluftverbrauch führen.Pneumatic striking tools have a very wide range of applications, whereby the lowest possible energy consumption, i.e. compressed air consumption, a long service life and a construction without complicated individual parts are of particular importance. However, these demands are extremely difficult to coordinate. For example, the lifespan of a percussion piston which is arranged in a working cylinder can be increased by damping the percussion piston in its return movement. This damping can be achieved, for example, by a spring or, with a simpler and more robust construction, by means of an air cushion. However, this air cushioning, if this space is kept larger, can lead to higher compressed air consumption.

Des weiteren soll die Steuerung für die Druckluft möglichst einfach gehalten werden, wobei insbesondere kleinteilige Konstruktionselemente zu vermeiden sind, damit einfache Instandhaltungsarbeiten, wie z.B. Reinigung, ohne großen Aufwand und ohne Spezialwerkzeug direkt am Einsatzort vorgenommen werden können.Furthermore, the control for the compressed air should be kept as simple as possible, with small-scale construction elements in particular being avoided so that simple maintenance work, such as e.g. Cleaning can be carried out directly on site without much effort and without special tools.

Aus der DE-AS 27 30 567 wird ein pneumatisches Schlaggerät bekannt, welches einen in einem Arbeitszylinder hin- und herbewegbaren Schlagkolben aufweist. Der Schlagkolben verschließt in seiner oberen Totpunktlage die Druckluftzuführungsöffnungen, welche durch einen elastischen Ring verschließbar sind, der in einem Kanal für die Druckluftzufuhr angeordnet ist. In den Schlagkolben, welcher eine durchgehende Bohrung aufweist, reicht eine Zuführungsleitung für die Druckluft, die bei der unteren Totpunktlage des Schlagkolbens arbeitswirksam geöffnet ist, und mit Anheben des Schlagkolbens verschlossen wird. Diese Konstruktion weist zwar den Vorteil auf, daß der Arbeitskolben beim Rückwärtshub zur oberen Totpunktlage durch einen Luftpolster abgebremst werden kann, wobei jedoch der Hammer als solcher einer besonderen aufwendigen Fertigung unterliegt, und aufgrund der vorhandenen Volumina einen hohen Druckluftverbrauch verursachen kann.From DE-AS 27 30 567 a pneumatic impact device is known which has an impact piston which can be moved back and forth in a working cylinder. In its top dead center position, the percussion piston closes the compressed air supply openings, which can be closed by an elastic ring that is in a channel for the compressed air supply is arranged. A supply line for the compressed air extends into the percussion piston, which has a continuous bore, which is open for work at the bottom dead center position of the percussion piston and is closed when the percussion piston is raised. Although this construction has the advantage that the working piston can be braked by an air cushion during the backward stroke to the top dead center position, but the hammer as such is subject to a particularly complex production and can cause high compressed air consumption due to the existing volumes.

Die Erfindung hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, einen pneumatischen Hammer zu schaffen, der einen geringen Druckluftverbrauch aufweist, eine optimale Abbremsung des Schlagkolbens im oberen Totpunkt gewährleistet und welcher besonders einfach aufgebaut ist.The invention has set itself the goal of creating a pneumatic hammer which has a low compressed air consumption, ensures optimum braking of the percussion piston at top dead center and which is of particularly simple construction.

Der erfindungsgemäße pneumatische Hammer, insbesondere handgehaltene Hammer mit einem Schlagkolben, der direkt oder indirekt über einen Zwischenkolben auf ein Werkzeug, insbesondere Einsteckwerkzeug schlägt, und in einem Arbeitszylinder geführt ist, welcher im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes - Beginn des Arbeitshubes - zumindest eine Zutrittsöffnung für die Druckluft in den Arbeitszylinder aufweist, die vom Schlagkolben und einem ringförmigen druckluftbetätigbaren Ventilverschlußglied verschließ-und öffenbar ist, das in einem Druckluftzuführungskanal angeordnet ist, einem Kanal für die Druckluftzufuhr für den Rückholhub und einer Abluftöffnung im Arbeitszylinder besteht im wesentlichen darin, daß die Steueröffnung für die Zufuhr der Druckluft für den Arbeitshub bzw. den Rückholhub bezogen auf die Längsachse des Arbeitszylinders im wesentlichen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, und von dem starren ringförmigen Ventilverschlußglied abwechselnd verschließ- und öffenbar sind, wobei der Kanal für die Druckluftzufuhr für den Rückholhub im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes in den Arbeitszylinder mündet. Eine besonders einfache und wirksame Konstruktion ist dann gegeben, wenn das ringförmige Ventilverschlußglied mit einem Abschlußdeckel, der,vorzugsweise durch einen Handgriff,federnd gegen den Arbeitszylinder lagefixiert ist, in seiner Lage,jedoch im wesentlichen in Richtung quer zur Arbeitszylinderachse mit Spiel beweglich gehalten ist.The pneumatic hammer according to the invention, in particular a hand-held hammer with a percussion piston, which strikes a tool, in particular a plug-in tool, directly or indirectly via an intermediate piston, and is guided in a working cylinder which in the area of top dead center - beginning of the working stroke - has at least one access opening for the Compressed air in the working cylinder, which can be closed and opened by the percussion piston and an annular compressed-air-actuated valve closure member which is arranged in a compressed air supply duct, a duct for the compressed air supply for the return stroke and an exhaust air opening in the working cylinder essentially consists in that the control opening for the Supply of the compressed air for the working stroke or the return stroke are arranged essentially opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the working cylinder, and can be alternately closed and opened by the rigid annular valve closure member, the channel for the compressed air supply for the return stroke opening in the region of the bottom dead center into the working cylinder. A particularly simple and effective construction is provided when the annular valve closure member is held in position, but essentially in the direction transverse to the axis of the cylinder with play, with an end cap which is resiliently fixed in position against the cylinder, preferably by a handle.

Ist der Abschlußdeckel durch ein Distanzstück aus Elastomeren, Polyurethan, Gummi od. dgl. gegen den Arbeitszylinder federnd gehalten, so kann die Kraft, mit welcher der Abschlußdeckel gegen den Arbeitszylinder gehalten ist, besonders hoch gehalten werden, wobei gleichzeitig der hiefür benötigte Raum von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist.If the end cover is held resiliently against the working cylinder by a spacer made of elastomers, polyurethane, rubber or the like, the force with which the end cover is held against the working cylinder can be kept particularly high, while at the same time the space required for this is of secondary importance Meaning is.

Weist die innere Kreiszylinderfläche des ringförmigen Ventilverschlußgliedes einen größeren, vorzugsweise um ca. 1 bis 5 % größeren Durchmesser als die äußere Kreiszylinderfläche mit den Steueröffnungen für die Druckluftzufuhr auf, so kann ein besonders einfaches Ventil gefertigt werden, das eine hohe Fertigungsgenauheit gewährleistet, wodurch ein besonders geringer Energieverbrauch erreichbar ist.If the inner circular cylinder surface of the annular valve closure member has a larger, preferably about 1 to 5% larger diameter than the outer circular cylinder surface with the control openings for the compressed air supply, then a particularly simple valve can be manufactured, which ensures a high degree of manufacturing accuracy, which makes a particularly low energy consumption is achievable.

Eine besonders einfache Konstruktion ergibt sich dann, wenn der Zylinder mit den Steueröffnungen einstückig mit dem Arbeitszylinder ausgebildet ist, wobei der Zylinder und der Arbeitszylinder eine gemeinsame innere Zylinderfläche aufweisen.A particularly simple construction results when the cylinder with the control openings is formed in one piece with the working cylinder, the cylinder and the working cylinder having a common inner cylinder surface.

Eine besonders leichte Konstruktion ergibt sich dann, wenn im Arbeitszylinder ein Kanal von der Steueröffnung für die Preßluft für den Rückholhub bis zum Bereich des unteren Totpunktes vorgesehen ist.A particularly light construction results when a channel is provided in the working cylinder from the control opening for the compressed air for the return stroke to the area of the bottom dead center.

Ist der Arbeitszylinder von einem weiteren Mantel umgeben, durch welchen ein Kanal für die Druckluft für den Rückholhub gebildet ist, so kann dieser weitere Mantel aus einem anderen Material als der Arbeitszylinder gebildet sein, wodurch beispielsweise zusätzlich eine Schalldämmung erreichbar ist.If the working cylinder is surrounded by a further jacket, through which a channel for the compressed air for the return stroke is formed, this additional jacket can be made of a different material than the working cylinder, whereby additional sound insulation can be achieved, for example.

Weist der Arbeitszylinder im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes einen verjüngenden Teil auf, der einem Abschnitt des Schlagkolbens entsprechend ausgebildet ist, so kann ein besonders geringes Luftvolumen für den Rückholhub ausreichen.If the working cylinder has a tapering part in the region of the bottom dead center, which is designed corresponding to a section of the percussion piston, a particularly small air volume can be sufficient for the return stroke.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der verjüngende Teil des Arbeitszylinders einstückig mit dem Arbeitszylinder ausgebildet.The tapering part of the working cylinder is advantageously formed in one piece with the working cylinder.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte pneumatische Hammer weist einen Arbeitszylinder 1 auf, in welchem ein Schlagkolben 2 längsbeweglich angeordnet ist. Am unteren Ende des Arbeitszylinders ist eine Büchse 3 angeordnet, in die das Einsteckende 4 eines nur teilweise dargestellten Einsteckwerkzeuges 5, z.B. eines Aufbruchmeißels eingeführt ist. Das Einsteckwerkzeug ist über eine Haltekappe 6, die einen Pufferring 7 aufweist, gehalten. Zur Fixierung der Haltekappe am Arbeitszylinder dient der Bolzen 8. Am oberen Ende des Arbeitszylinders ist ein Handgriff 9 vorgesehen, welcher einen Einlaßkanal 10 aufweist, der willkürlich mit einer Kugel 11 geöffnet, bzw. verschlossen werden kann. Der Arbeitszylinder weist im Bereich 12 des oberen Totpunktes einen Zylinder 13, gegebenenfalls mit Führungsstiften für das Ventilverschlußglied 20, auf, der mit dem Arbeitszylinder einstückig ausgebildet ist. Dieser Zylinder weist Steueröffnungen 14, 15 für die Zufuhr der Druckluft auf. Der kreisförmige Zylinder ragt in einen zylindrischen Raum, welcher als Druckluftzuführkanal 16 dient. Der Arbeitszylinder ist durch einen Abschlußdeckel 17 verschlossen, wobei zwischen Handgriff und Abschlußdeckel ein ringförmiges Distanzstück 18 aus Gummi angeordnet ist, das aber auch als metallische Tellerfeder ausgebildet sein kann, das den Abschlußdeckel 17 über das Griffstück 9 durch nicht dargestellte Schrauben gegen den Arbeitszylinder preßt. Zwischen dem Griffstück 9 und dem Arbeitszylinder 1 ist eine O-Ringdichtung 19 angeordnet, wodurch eine gasdichte Verbindung zwischen Handgriff und Arbeitszylinder gewährleistet ist. Der Abschlußdeckel reicht mit seinen Rändern über den Zylinder 13 und hält dadurch das aus einem metallischen Ring, der gegebenenfalls radiale Verbreiterungen an zumindest einem Endbereich gegen Kippbewegungen aufweisen kann, bestehende Ventilverschlußglied 20; dieses weist einen Innendurchmesser von 56,2 mm auf, wohingegen der Außendurchmesser des Zylinders 13 55 mm beträgt. Das ringförmige Ventilverschlußglied weist eine radiale Beweglichkeit auf. Die Steueröffnung 15 für die Druckluftzufuhr für den Rückholhub mündet in einen Kanal 21, der seinerseits im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes des Arbeitszylinders in den Arbeitszylinder mündet. Der Arbeitszylinder weist einen sich verengenden Teil 22 auf, der mit dem restlichen Arbeitszylinder einstückig ausgebildet ist. Weiters ist ungefähr in der Mitte zwischen oberem und unterem Totpunkt eine Abluftöffnung 23 vorgesehen. Befindet sich der Schlagkolben im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes, so wird das Ventilverschlußglied durch die ausströmende Druckluft in die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Lage bewegt. Der Schlagkolben federt über die Einlaßöffnung hinaus und wird durch den federnden Luftpolster wieder zurückbewegt, wodurch die Einlaßöffnung freigegeben wird, und Druckluft durch die Öffnung 14 in den Arbeitszylinder strömen kann, sodaß der Schlagkolben in Richtung der unteren Totpunktlage bewegt wird. Diese Bewegung findet solange statt, bis der Schlagkolben die Abluftöffnung 23 passiert und die Druckluft durch diese Öffnung in das Freie strömen kann. Damit sinkt der Druck im Arbeitszylinder ab, wodurch das Ventilverschlußglied radial bewegt wird, sodaß die Steueröffnung 15 freigegeben wird und Druckluft im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes, in welchem der Schlagkolben seine Energie an das Einsteckwerkzeug abgibt, gelangt. Dadurch wird der Schlagkolben wieder in Richtung zum oberen Totpunkt bewegt, wobei die Druckluftzufuhr solange erfolgt, bis der Kolben die Abluftöffnung 23 passiert hat, da dann der Druck im Arbeitszylinder oberhalb des Schlagkolbens ansteigt und das ringförmige Ventilverschlußglied erneut in die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Lage bewegt wird.The pneumatic hammer shown in the drawing has a working cylinder 1, in which a percussion piston 2 is arranged to be longitudinally movable. At the lower end of the working cylinder, a bushing 3 is arranged, into which the insertion end 4 of an insertion tool 5 , only a part of which is shown, for example a break-in chisel, is inserted. The insertion tool is held over a holding cap 6, which has a buffer ring 7 . The bolt 8 is used to fix the retaining cap to the working cylinder. At the upper end of the working cylinder, a handle 9 is provided which has an inlet channel 10 which can be opened or closed arbitrarily with a ball 11. The Ar Beitsylinder has a cylinder 13 in the area 12 of the top dead center, optionally with guide pins for the valve closure member 20, which is integrally formed with the working cylinder. This cylinder has control openings 14, 15 for the supply of compressed air. The circular cylinder projects into a cylindrical space, which serves as a compressed air supply duct 16. The working cylinder is closed by an end cover 17, an annular spacer 18 made of rubber being arranged between the handle and the end cover, but which can also be designed as a metal plate spring which presses the end cover 17 over the handle 9 by screws, not shown, against the working cylinder. An O-ring seal 19 is arranged between the handle 9 and the working cylinder 1, which ensures a gas-tight connection between the handle and the working cylinder. The end cover extends with its edges over the cylinder 13 and thereby holds the valve closure member 20 consisting of a metallic ring, which may have radial widenings at least at one end area against tilting movements; this has an inner diameter of 56.2 mm, whereas the outer diameter of the cylinder 13 is 55 mm. The annular valve closure member has radial mobility. The control opening 15 for the compressed air supply for the return stroke opens into a channel 21 which in turn opens into the working cylinder in the region of the bottom dead center of the working cylinder. The working cylinder has a narrowing part 22 which is formed in one piece with the remaining working cylinder. Furthermore, an exhaust air opening 23 is provided approximately in the middle between the top and bottom dead center. If the percussion piston is located in the area of top dead center, the valve closure member is moved into the position shown in the drawing by the compressed air flowing out. The percussion piston springs out beyond the inlet opening and is moved back again by the resilient air cushion, whereby the inlet opening is released, and compressed air the opening 14 can flow into the working cylinder, so that the percussion piston is moved in the direction of the bottom dead center position. This movement continues until the percussion piston passes the exhaust air opening 23 and the compressed air can flow into the open through this opening. The pressure in the working cylinder thus drops, as a result of which the valve closure member is moved radially, so that the control opening 15 is released and compressed air reaches the area of bottom dead center, in which the percussion piston releases its energy to the insertion tool. As a result, the percussion piston is moved towards top dead center again, the compressed air supply being carried out until the piston has passed the exhaust air opening 23, since then the pressure in the working cylinder rises above the percussion piston and the annular valve closure member moves again into the position shown in the drawing becomes.

Der Kanal 21 kann auch durch einen um den Arbeitszylinder angeordneten Mantel gebildet werden.The channel 21 can also be formed by a jacket arranged around the working cylinder.

Claims (9)

1. Pneumatischer Hammer, insbesondere handgehaltener Hammer, mit einem Schlagkolben (2), der direkt oder indirekt über einen Zwischenkolben auf ein Werkzeug, insbesondere Einsteckwerkzeug (5) schlägt, und in einem Arbeitszylinder (1) geführt ist, welcher im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes (12) - Beginn des Arbeitshubes - zumindest eine Zutrittsöffnung (14) für die Druckluft in den Arbeitszylinder aufweist, die vom Schlagkolben (2) und einem ringförmigen druckluftbetätigbaren Ventilverschlußglied (20) verschließ- und öffenbar ist, das ir einem Druckluftzuführungskanal (16) angeordnet ist, einem Kanal (21) für die Druckluftzufuhr für den Rückholhub und einer Abluftöffnung (23) im Arbeitszylinder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steueröffnungen(14, 15)für die Zufuhr der Druckluft für den Arbeitshub bzw. den Rückholhub bezogen auf die Längsachse des Arbeitszylinders (1) im wesentlichen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, und von dem starren gegebenenfalls im wesentlichen ringförmigen Ventilverschlußglied (20) abwechselnd verschließ- und öffenbar sind, wobei der Kanal (21) für die Druckluftzufuhr für den Rückholhub im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes in den Arbeitszylinder (1) mündet.1. Pneumatic hammer, in particular a hand-held hammer, with a percussion piston (2) which strikes directly or indirectly via an intermediate piston on a tool, in particular a plug-in tool (5), and is guided in a working cylinder (1) which is in the area of top dead center (12) - Beginning of the working stroke - has at least one access opening (14) for the compressed air into the working cylinder, which can be closed and opened by the percussion piston (2) and an annular compressed-air-actuated valve closure member (20) which is arranged in a compressed-air supply channel (16) is, a channel (21) for the compressed air supply for the return stroke and an exhaust air opening (23) in the working cylinder, characterized in that the control openings (14, 15) for the supply of compressed air for the working stroke or the return stroke with respect to the longitudinal axis of the Working cylinders (1) are arranged substantially opposite one another, and of the rigid, if appropriate, substantially annular Valve closure member (20) can be alternately closed and opened, the channel (21) for the compressed air supply for the return stroke opening in the area of bottom dead center into the working cylinder (1). 2. Pneumatischer Hammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das ringförmige Ventilverschlußglied (20) mit einem Abschlußdeckel (17), der, vorzugsweise durch einen Handgriff (9), federnd gegen den Arbeitszylinder (1) lagefixiert ist, in seiner Lage jedoch im wesentlichen in Richtung quer zur Arbeitszylinderachse mit Spiel beweglich gehalten ist.2. Pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular valve closure member (20) with an end cover (17) which, preferably by a handle (9), is resiliently fixed against the working cylinder (1), but in its position in is essentially movable in the direction transverse to the cylinder axis with play. 3. Pneumatischer Hammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abschlußdeckel (17) durch ein Distanzstück (18) aus Elastomeren, Polyurethan, Gummi oder dgl. gegen den Arbeitszylinder (1) federnd gehalten ist.3. Pneumatic hammer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end cover (17) by a spacer (18) made of elastomers, polyurethane, rubber or Like. Is held resiliently against the working cylinder (1). 4. Pneumatischer Hammer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß die innere Kreiszylinderfläche des ringförmigen Ventilverschlußgliedes (20) einen größeren, vorzugsweise um ca. 1 bis 5 % größeren Durchmesser, als die äußere Kreiszylinderfläche des Zylinders (13) mit den Steueröffnungen (14, 15) für die Druckluftzufuhr aufweist.4. Pneumatic hammer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized gekennzeichent that the inner circular cylinder surface of the annular valve closure member (20) has a larger, preferably by about 1 to 5% larger diameter than the outer circular cylinder surface of the cylinder (13) with the Has control openings (14, 15) for the compressed air supply. 5. Pneumatischer Hammer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zylinder (13) mit den Steueröffnungen (14, 15) einstückig mit dem Arbeitszylinder (1) ausgebildet ist.5. Pneumatic hammer according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cylinder (13) with the control openings (14, 15) is integrally formed with the working cylinder (1). 6. Pneumatischer Hammer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Arbeitszylinder (1) ein Kanal (21) von der Steueröffnung (15) für die Druckluft für den Rückholhub bis zum Bereich des unteren Totpunktes vorgesehen ist.6. Pneumatic hammer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the working cylinder (1) a channel (21) from the control opening (15) for the compressed air for the return stroke is provided up to the region of the bottom dead center. 7. Pneumatischer Hammer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Arbeitszylinder (1) von einem weiteren Mantel umgeben ist, durch welchen ein Kanal (21) für die Druckluft für den Rückholhub gebildet ist.7. Pneumatic hammer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the working cylinder (1) is surrounded by a further jacket through which a channel (21) for the compressed air for the return stroke is formed. 8. Pneumatischer Hammer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Arbeitszylinder (1) im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes einen verjüngten Teil aufweist, der einem Abschnitt des Schlagkolbens (2) entsprechend ausgebildet ist.8. Pneumatic hammer according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the working cylinder (1) has a tapered part in the region of bottom dead center, which is designed according to a portion of the percussion piston (2). 9. Pneumatischer Hammer nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der verjüngende Teil einstückig mit dem Arbeitszylinder ausgebildet ist.9. Pneumatic hammer according to claim 8, characterized in that the tapering part is integrally formed with the working cylinder.
EP19850890001 1984-01-05 1985-01-04 Pneumatic hammer Expired EP0150170B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT20/84 1984-01-05
AT2084A AT392752B (en) 1984-01-05 1984-01-05 PNEUMATIC HAMMER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0150170A1 true EP0150170A1 (en) 1985-07-31
EP0150170B1 EP0150170B1 (en) 1989-01-04

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EP19850890001 Expired EP0150170B1 (en) 1984-01-05 1985-01-04 Pneumatic hammer

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EP (1) EP0150170B1 (en)
AT (1) AT392752B (en)
DE (1) DE3567164D1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0885695A2 (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-23 Böhler Baugeräte GmbH Device for reversing the pressure on a piston
US5921327A (en) * 1995-07-06 1999-07-13 Atlas Copco Berema Ab Pneumatic impact tool having an integrally formed one-piece housing
CN107234596A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-10-10 宁波市鄞州甬盾风动工具制造有限公司 Valveless booster-type pneumatic spade and its gas handling system
CN108857342A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-11-23 上海宝骜工业技术服务有限公司 A kind of Pneumatic pin puller
AT522289A1 (en) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-15 Bbg Baugeraete Gmbh Pneumatic hammer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE539156A (en) *
SU414407A1 (en) * 1972-07-19 1974-02-05 Е. В. Александров , Г. М. Захариков Институт горного дела А. А. Скочинского AIR DISTRIBUTION DEVICE
DE2730567A1 (en) * 1976-07-07 1978-01-12 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O STRIKING
EP0009229A1 (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-02 Samuel David Gunning Air hammers

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE574247C (en) * 1930-02-27 1933-04-11 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Pneumatic tool
US1931042A (en) * 1931-01-12 1933-10-17 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Fluid pressure hammer
DE2911114A1 (en) * 1979-03-21 1980-10-23 Vpti Liteinogo Proizv Portable pneumatic percussion tool - has conical spring fitted between valve plate and inlet tube to absorb shocks

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE539156A (en) *
SU414407A1 (en) * 1972-07-19 1974-02-05 Е. В. Александров , Г. М. Захариков Институт горного дела А. А. Скочинского AIR DISTRIBUTION DEVICE
DE2730567A1 (en) * 1976-07-07 1978-01-12 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O STRIKING
EP0009229A1 (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-02 Samuel David Gunning Air hammers

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5921327A (en) * 1995-07-06 1999-07-13 Atlas Copco Berema Ab Pneumatic impact tool having an integrally formed one-piece housing
EP0885695A2 (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-23 Böhler Baugeräte GmbH Device for reversing the pressure on a piston
EP0885695A3 (en) * 1997-06-13 2000-07-05 Böhler Pneumatik International GmbH & Co KG Device for reversing the pressure on a piston
CN107234596A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-10-10 宁波市鄞州甬盾风动工具制造有限公司 Valveless booster-type pneumatic spade and its gas handling system
CN108857342A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-11-23 上海宝骜工业技术服务有限公司 A kind of Pneumatic pin puller
AT522289A1 (en) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-15 Bbg Baugeraete Gmbh Pneumatic hammer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0150170B1 (en) 1989-01-04
AT392752B (en) 1991-06-10
DE3567164D1 (en) 1989-02-09
ATA2084A (en) 1990-11-15

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