EP0149800B1 - Oil reservoir for a hydraulic system - Google Patents

Oil reservoir for a hydraulic system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149800B1
EP0149800B1 EP19840115510 EP84115510A EP0149800B1 EP 0149800 B1 EP0149800 B1 EP 0149800B1 EP 19840115510 EP19840115510 EP 19840115510 EP 84115510 A EP84115510 A EP 84115510A EP 0149800 B1 EP0149800 B1 EP 0149800B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collecting container
pressure medium
conduit
hydraulic
hydraulic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840115510
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0149800A1 (en
Inventor
Dale H. Killen (Nmn)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deere and Co
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Deere and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Deere and Co filed Critical Deere and Co
Publication of EP0149800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0149800A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0149800B1 publication Critical patent/EP0149800B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/26—Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86348—Tank with internally extending flow guide, pipe or conduit
    • Y10T137/86372—Inlet internally extending

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic system with a collecting container for the hydraulic pressure medium of the system, the collecting container having an inlet opening with a connected return line and a first outlet opening for supplying at least one hydraulic device with pressure medium, the inlet opening with the first outlet opening via a Line is connected, which is below the pressure medium level of the collecting container and has numerous small openings for pressure medium exchange between the line and the collecting container.
  • a hydraulic system is already known (US-A-4 371 318) which, in a hydraulic circuit, has a container with a pressure medium line which connects the inlet and outlet openings to one another.
  • the pressure medium line In the area of the inlet opening, the pressure medium line is provided with numerous openings through which a part of the pressure medium can enter directly into the collecting container, while the rest of the pressure medium flow is led to the outlet opening via the pressure medium line.
  • the pressure medium line also has numerous openings through which pressure medium can exit. Through the small openings provided in the area of the inlet openings in the hydraulic line, the air dissolved in the pressure medium is to be excreted again, while the openings provided in the area of the outlet openings allow pressure medium to flow out of the collecting container into the hydraulic system.
  • the invention has for its object to design and arrange the system in such a way that when operating several hydraulic units using a relatively small collecting container excessive heating of the pressure medium is avoided and at the same time a good separation of the air dissolved in the pressure medium is ensured.
  • This object has been achieved in that a second outlet opening is provided for supplying a further hydraulic device and in that the pressure medium flow flowing back through the inlet opening is greater than the pressure medium flow flowing through the first outlet opening.
  • the individual passage openings can advantageously be formed, for example, from wire mesh.
  • the filter provided in the return line prevents the relatively small outlet openings in the lines provided in the collecting container from becoming clogged. Since the amount of pressure medium at the inlet opening of the line provided in the collecting container is greater than at the outlet openings, part of the pressure medium flowing back can flow directly through the lines to the outlet openings and another part can get into the collecting container via the openings provided in the lines.
  • the residence time of the pressure medium in the collecting container is thus increased and an improved separation of the air contained in the pressure medium is ensured. Furthermore, the speed of the entry of the pressure medium into the collection container is reduced and turbulence in the pressure medium of the collection container is thus avoided.
  • the individual lines can be covered with pressure medium even if the collecting tank is not completely filled with pressure medium.
  • the lines are preferably arranged directly above the bottom of the collecting container.
  • a plurality of hydraulic units can be provided at the outlet openings, the return lines of which are connected to the first or second inlet opening of the collecting container.
  • a cooler can be provided in the return line to avoid overheating of the pressure medium.
  • 10 denotes a collecting container of a combine harvester, not shown in the drawing, which is equipped with outlet openings 12, 14 and 16, to the hydraulic lines, for example for a first hydraulic device or a main hydraulic system 28, for a reel drive or for one hydrostatic drive can be connected.
  • the hydraulic device 28 is shown in FIG. 1 by a block diagram.
  • the first hydraulic device or the hydraulic circuit 28 has a pump 26 and is connected to the outlet opening 12, via which pressure medium flows to the hydraulic device 28.
  • the hydraulic lines for connecting the pump 26 to the hydraulic device 28 are identified by the reference number 30.
  • the pressure medium flowing out of the hydraulic device 28 is conducted via the return line 32.
  • a second hydraulic device or a second hydraulic circuit 36 (reel drive system) has a pump 38, a drive motor 40 and a speed control valve 41, which are connected to a return line 44 via hydraulic lines 42.
  • a return line 48 serves to return the pressure medium from the hydraulic device 28 and the second hydraulic system 42 and to return the pressure medium from the return lines 32 and 44.
  • the pressure medium which is passed through the combined return line 48, reaches the inlet opening via a hydraulic filter 50 18th
  • a third hydraulic device or a hydraulic circuit 54 is connected to the outlet opening 16 and serves to supply pressure medium to the transmission of a combine harvester.
  • the hydraulic device 54 includes a charge pump 56, a control pump 58 and a motor 60.
  • the individual units are connected to one another via a hydraulic line 62.
  • the charge pump 56 is connected to the return line 64, which is connected to the inlet opening 20 via a cooler 66.
  • the individual pumps or motors and the other units are driven by an internal combustion engine, not shown in the drawing.
  • the hydraulic supply is monitored via an operating device provided on the combine.
  • the third hydraulic device 54 is used to drive the hydrostatic transmission at different speeds and to run forwards and backwards.
  • the first hydraulic device 28 is used to adjust the discharge conveyor device of the collecting container and to control the speed of the threshing drum and to adjust the height of the cutting device, via which the crop is picked up and fed to the combine harvester.
  • the reel not shown in the drawing, is arranged on the mower device and is supplied via the second hydraulic device 36.
  • the collection container designated 10 in FIG. 2 consists of two opposite end walls 70 and 72 which are connected to one another via an upper wall 74 and a base 76.
  • a filler neck 80 with a filter 82 is located on the upper wall 74.
  • the end wall 70 there are two sight glasses 84 and 86, which are arranged close to one another, the one sight glass 84 being arranged on a plane 88 which corresponds to the desired filling height of the collecting container 10, while the second sight glass 86 is on a plane 90 is arranged, which corresponds to the minimum filling level.
  • the outlet opening 16 for the hydrostatic transmission is located in the bottom 76 of the collecting container and also has a filter 92.
  • the individual outlet openings 12, 14, 16 and the inlet openings 18 and 20 are arranged so that they are always below the hydraulic level, regardless of the work in which the combine harvester is located.
  • two lines 94 and 96 which are arranged next to one another, have a spacing from one another and run parallel to the surface of the bottom 76, are provided in the collecting container 10.
  • These hydraulic lines 94 and 96 establish a pressure medium connection between the outlet openings 12 and 14 and the inlet openings 18 and 20.
  • the lines 94 and 96 can be designed as cylindrical tubes which are formed from a thin wire mesh. It is also possible to produce the line 94 from a different material which is provided with numerous small openings.
  • the openings provided in the lines 94, 96 allow a pressure medium exchange between the lines 94 and 96 and the collecting container 10.
  • the pressure medium exchange between the collection container and the lines 94 and 96 depends on the differential pressure that is formed between the collection container and its lines 94, 96.
  • the hydraulic medium does not immediately flow into the collecting container 10 via the lines 94, 96. It is also advantageous that the backflow into the inlet opening 18 is greater than the outflow via the outlet opening 12 at the opposite end of the line 94.
  • the excessively large proportion of the backflow of the pressure medium causes one effective flow through the openings of the lines 94 and 96 in the collecting container and a corresponding flow of the pressure medium to the outlet openings 12, 14 of the collecting container.
  • the small passage openings in the supply part of the lines 94, 96 which take up a relatively large space within the collecting container 10, act as a pressure relief valve, so that a satisfactory pressure compensation and a corresponding pressure medium supply in the hydraulic system is possible.
  • the lines 94 and 96 also act as return diffusers and reduce the return speeds into the collecting container, so that only minimal turbulence or minimal foaming of the hydraulic medium occurs in the collecting container 10. If the hydraulic system is designed accordingly, so that an adequate supply of the pumps with pressure medium is guaranteed and cavitation can be avoided at the same time, the service life of the pump is increased accordingly, in contrast to pumps that are not supplied with sufficient pressure medium. Furthermore, when passing the pressure medium through the openings in the lines 94, 96 it is ensured that dissolved air escapes from the pressure medium.
  • the pressure medium flows from the line 94 via the outlet opening 12 only to the first hydraulic device 28, while it receives pressure medium via the inlet opening 18 which is connected to the hydraulic lines of the first hydraulic device 28 and the second hydraulic device 36 communicates. It can be seen from this that the pressure medium flowing back at the inlet opening 18 is greater than the pressure medium requirement at the outlet opening 12.
  • the desired or required reflux or the excessive reflux requirement is achieved by connecting other different hydraulic systems.
  • the individual hydraulic devices naturally have different parameters.
  • the flow rates in liters per second can be 1.03, 0.6 and 0.87 for the main drive, for the reel drive, for the hydrostatic transmission with the block diagram, for the second hydraulic device 36 and the third hydraulic device 54 amount, wherein the pressure medium flows through the outlet openings 12, 14 and 16.
  • the reflux for the reel drive to the inlet opening 18 and the hydrostatic drive at the inlet opening 20 have 1.63 and 0.87 liters per second, respectively.
  • the lines 94 and 96 also act as diffusers and reduce the flow rates of the pressure medium flowing back, which then gets back into the collecting container 10, while a part of the pressure medium flowing back reaches the outlet openings 12 and 14 directly .
  • the hydraulic device which is indicated by the block diagram in the drawing, contains an ancillary system which can preferably be acted upon with cleaned pressure medium, but which also tolerates pressure medium with a certain air inclusion.
  • the pressure medium runs via the outlet opening 12 of the line 94, via the return lines of the auxiliary system and the reel drive (second hydraulic device 36) to the inlet opening 18.
  • the pressure medium during the reflux is relatively warm, since it heats up in the second hydraulic device 36 ; however, it is also relatively clean since a hydraulic filter 50 is provided in this system.
  • the flowing back pressure medium has a flow rate of 1.63 liters per second and thus exceeds the pressure medium requirement of the hydraulic device, which is 0.6 liters per second, so that the auxiliary system is over pressurized with pressure medium.
  • This is thus to be referred to as a bypass pressure medium and flows directly via line 94 or its openings into the collecting container 10.
  • the pressure medium entering the collecting container can be cooled again in the collecting container in this way, and furthermore the air dissolved in the hydraulic medium can again be eliminated.
  • the individual components that are used for the reel drive are designed so that they can work with pressure medium that still contains certain impurities, but it is important that the pressure medium has cooled sufficiently.
  • the line 96 is connected via the outlet opening 14 for the reel drive to the return line and thus to the inlet opening 20 of the hydraulic device 54 (not shown).
  • the return flow of the pressure medium exceeds the pressure medium supply (0.87, 0.6 liters per second), so that the pressure medium supply to the second hydraulic device 36 for the reel drive is mainly fed from the pressure medium return flow from the hydrostatic transmission (hydraulic device 54), which is direct runs through the hydraulic lines 96 without dwell time in the collecting container 10.
  • the advantageous arrangement of the cooler 66 ensures that the pressure medium is relatively cool, the tolerances of the reel drive (hydraulic device 36) allowing pressure medium with inclusions of dirt to this hydraulic Device can be passed without a special additional filtering of the dirt particles from the pressure medium is required.
  • the deposition of the contaminants of the pressure medium and the air separation in the collecting container are provided in particular for the third hydraulic device 54, which receives the pressure medium in particular via the filter 92 and the outlet openings 16 in the bottom of the collecting container 10.
  • a conventional hydrostatic transmission is best supplied with pressure medium that has not absorbed air in order not to impair the performance of the hydrostatic system.
  • the pressure medium for the hydrostatic drive system must also be relatively clean and cool. This is ensured in particular by the residence time of the pressure medium in the collecting container 10.
  • the rate of exchange of the pressure medium from the collecting container into the hydraulic device is 2.5 liters per second (1.03 + 0.6 + 0.87) to 0.87 liters per second ((0.6 + 1, 03-1.03) + (0.87 - 0.6)).
  • the exchange rate of the pressure medium from the lines into the collecting container 10 is thus reduced to a third of a normal exchange rate with conventional collecting containers and pressure lines.
  • the essence of the invention lies not only in the excessive pressure medium supply to the lines 94 and 96. For example, it is sufficient to reduce the rate of pressure medium exchange between the lines 94, 96 and the collecting container 10 so that a part of the pressure medium directly through the lines 94 and 96 can flow.
  • the overflow effect can be increased if the percentage of the opening area or the passage cross section of all bores in the lines 94, 96 is reduced.
  • FIG. 3 A second exemplary embodiment is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
  • This hydraulic system has two hydraulic devices A and B, each of which has a pump and one or more hydraulically actuable devices, which are not shown in the drawing.
  • the hydraulic system is equipped with a collecting container 100, which is equipped with outlet and inlet openings 102, 104 and 106, 108.
  • the inlet and outlet openings are arranged so that they are normally below the pressure medium level.
  • the outlet opening 102 of the hydraulic device A is connected via a pipeline 110 to the inlet opening 108 (similar to the lines 94, 96).
  • the pressure medium rate in the hydraulic device B is larger than that in the hydraulic device A, and the working characteristics of the hydraulic system according to the second embodiment are similar to the characteristics of the hydraulic system according to the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine hydraulische Anlage mit einem Sammelbehälter für das hydraulische Druckmittel der Anlage, wobei der Sammelbehälter eine Einlaßöffnung mit angeschlossener Rücklaufleitung und eine erste Auslaßöffnung zur Versorgung von mindestens einer hydraulischen Einrichtung mit Druckmittel aufweist, wobei die Einlaßöffnung mit der ersten Auslaßöffnung über eine Leitung verbunden ist, die unterhalb des Druckmittelspiegels des Sammelbehälters liegt und zahlreiche kleine Öffnungen zum Druckmittelaustausch zwischen der Leitung und dem Sammelbehälter aufweist.The invention relates to a hydraulic system with a collecting container for the hydraulic pressure medium of the system, the collecting container having an inlet opening with a connected return line and a first outlet opening for supplying at least one hydraulic device with pressure medium, the inlet opening with the first outlet opening via a Line is connected, which is below the pressure medium level of the collecting container and has numerous small openings for pressure medium exchange between the line and the collecting container.

Es ist bereits eine hydraulische Anlage bekannt (US-A-4 371 318), die in einem Hydraulikkreislauf einen Behälter mit einer Druckmittelleitung aufweist, die die Einlaß- und Auslaßöffnung miteinander verbindet. Im Bereich der Einlaßöffnung ist die Druckmittelleitung mit zahlreichen Öffnungen versehen, über die ein Teil des Druckmittels direkt in den Sammelbehälter eintreten kann, während der übrige Druckmittelstrom über die Druckmittelleitung zur Auslaßöffnung geführt wird. Im Bereich der Auslaßöffnungen weist die Druckmittelleitung ebenfalls zahlreiche Öffnungen auf, durch die Druckmittel austreten kann. Durch die im Bereich der Einlaßöffnungen vorgesehenen kleinen Öffnungen in der Hydraulikleitung soll die im Druckmittel gelöste Luft wieder ausgeschieden werden, während die im Bereich der Auslaßöffnungen in der Leitung vorgesehenen Öffnungen es gestatten, daß Druckmittel aus dem Sammelbehälter in das Hydrauliksystem abfliepen kann.A hydraulic system is already known (US-A-4 371 318) which, in a hydraulic circuit, has a container with a pressure medium line which connects the inlet and outlet openings to one another. In the area of the inlet opening, the pressure medium line is provided with numerous openings through which a part of the pressure medium can enter directly into the collecting container, while the rest of the pressure medium flow is led to the outlet opening via the pressure medium line. In the area of the outlet openings, the pressure medium line also has numerous openings through which pressure medium can exit. Through the small openings provided in the area of the inlet openings in the hydraulic line, the air dissolved in the pressure medium is to be excreted again, while the openings provided in the area of the outlet openings allow pressure medium to flow out of the collecting container into the hydraulic system.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Anlage derart auszubilden und anzuordnen, daß beim Betreiben mehrerer hydraulischer Aggregate unter Verwendung eines relativ kleinen Sammelbehälters eine zu starke Erhitzung des Druckmittels vermieden wird und gleichzeitig eine gute Abscheidung der im Druckmittel gelösten Luft gewährleistet wird.The invention has for its object to design and arrange the system in such a way that when operating several hydraulic units using a relatively small collecting container excessive heating of the pressure medium is avoided and at the same time a good separation of the air dissolved in the pressure medium is ensured.

Diese Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst worden, daß eine zweite Auslaßöffnung zur Versorgung von einer weiteren hydraulischen Einrichtung vorgesehen ist und daß der durch die Einlaßöffnung zurückfließende Druckmittelstrom größer ist als der durch die erste Auslaßöffnung abfließende Druckmittelstrom.This object has been achieved in that a second outlet opening is provided for supplying a further hydraulic device and in that the pressure medium flow flowing back through the inlet opening is greater than the pressure medium flow flowing through the first outlet opening.

Die vorteilhafte Ausbildung und Anordnung eines Sammelbehälters mit zahlreiche Auslaßöffnungen aufweisenden Verbindungsleitungen zwischen Ein- und Auslaßöffnungen und die Möglichkeit, verschiedene getrennte Hydraulikkreisläufe zum Antrieb verschiedener hydraulischer Aggregate vorzusehen, bieten die Gewähr, daß das Druckmittel sich nicht übermäßig erhitzt und dadurch die Funktion der hydraulischen Aggregate beeinträchtigt. Gleichzeitig ist die Verwendung eines relativ kleinen Sammelbehälters möglich, der gewährleistet, daß durch die im Sammelbehälter vorgesehenen Leitungen die im Hydraulikmittel gelöste Luft wieder abgeschieden wird. Ferner besteht die Möglichkeit, die im Druckmittel vorgesehenen Verunreinigungen auch durch die im Sammelbehälter vorgesehenen Leitungen auszuscheiden, da diese auch als Filterelemente eingesetzt werden können, insbesondere dann, wenn die Einlaßöffnung für das Druckmittel nicht direkt an die Einlaßöffnung der im Sammelbehälter vorgesehenen Leitungen anschließt. Durch die Verwendung der zahlreichen in den Leitungen vorgesehenen kleinen Öffnungen wird auf einfache Weise der Austausch des Druckmittels zwischen dem Sammelbehälter und den in ihm enthaltenen Leitungen erzielt und gleichzeitig gewährleistet, daß die im Druckmittel enthaltene gelöste Luft wieder abgeschieden wird. Die einzelnen Durchlaßöffnungen können in vorteilhafter Weise beispielsweise aus Maschendraht gebildet sein. Durch den in der Rücklaufleitung vorgesehenen Filter wird verhindert, daß die relativ kleinen Auslaßöffnungen in den in dem Sammelbehälter vorgesehenen Leitungen sich zusetzen. Da die Druckmittelmenge an der Einlaßöffnung der im Sammelbehälter vorgesehenen Leitung größer ist als an den Auslaßöffnungen, kann ein Teil des zurückfließenden Druckmittels direkt durch die Leitungen zu den Auslaßöffnungen fließen und ein anderer Teil über die in den Leitungen vorgesehenen Öffnungen in den Sammelbehälter gelangen. Somit wird die Verweilzeit des Druckmittels in dem Sammelbehälter vergrößert und eine verbesserte Abscheidung der im Druckmittel enthaltenen Luft gewährleistet. Ferner wird die Geschwindigkeit des Eintritts des Druckmittels in den Sammelbehälter vermindert und somit Turbulenzen im Druckmittel des Sammelbehälters vermieden.The advantageous design and arrangement of a collecting container with numerous outlet openings connecting lines between inlet and outlet openings and the possibility of providing various separate hydraulic circuits for driving different hydraulic units offer the guarantee that the pressure medium is not heated excessively and thereby affects the function of the hydraulic units . At the same time, the use of a relatively small collecting container is possible, which ensures that the air dissolved in the hydraulic medium is separated again through the lines provided in the collecting container. There is also the possibility of separating the contaminants provided in the pressure medium through the lines provided in the collecting container, since these can also be used as filter elements, in particular if the inlet opening for the pressure medium does not directly connect to the inlet opening of the lines provided in the collecting container. Through the use of the numerous small openings provided in the lines, the exchange of the pressure medium between the collecting container and the lines contained in it is achieved in a simple manner and at the same time it is ensured that the dissolved air contained in the pressure medium is separated again. The individual passage openings can advantageously be formed, for example, from wire mesh. The filter provided in the return line prevents the relatively small outlet openings in the lines provided in the collecting container from becoming clogged. Since the amount of pressure medium at the inlet opening of the line provided in the collecting container is greater than at the outlet openings, part of the pressure medium flowing back can flow directly through the lines to the outlet openings and another part can get into the collecting container via the openings provided in the lines. The residence time of the pressure medium in the collecting container is thus increased and an improved separation of the air contained in the pressure medium is ensured. Furthermore, the speed of the entry of the pressure medium into the collection container is reduced and turbulence in the pressure medium of the collection container is thus avoided.

Durch die Verwendung der geradlinig verlaufenden und parallel zueinander angeordneten Leitungen in dem Sammelbehälter können die einzelnen Leitungen auch dann mit Druckmittel überdeckt werden, wenn der Sammelbehälter nicht vollständig mit Druckmittel gefüllt ist. Hierzu sind vorzugsweise die Leitungen unmittelbar über dem Boden des Sammelbehälters angeordnet. In vorteilhafter Weise können an den Auslaßöffnungen mehrere hydraulische Aggregate vorgesehen werden, deren Rücklaufleitungen an die erste bzw. zweite Einlaßöffnung des Sammelbehälters angeschlossen sind. In der Rücklaufleitung kann zur Vermeidung einer Überhitzung des Druckmittels ein Kühler vorgesehen sein. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.By using the rectilinear and parallel lines in the collecting tank, the individual lines can be covered with pressure medium even if the collecting tank is not completely filled with pressure medium. For this purpose, the lines are preferably arranged directly above the bottom of the collecting container. Advantageously, a plurality of hydraulic units can be provided at the outlet openings, the return lines of which are connected to the first or second inlet opening of the collecting container. A cooler can be provided in the return line to avoid overheating of the pressure medium. Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Hydrauliksystems für einen Mähdrescher,
  • Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Sammelbehälters, wobei Teile zur besseren Darstellung weggelassen sind,
  • Fig. 3 den Sammelbehälter gemäß Fig. 2 mit dem zugehörigen Hydraulikkreislauf.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings which illustrate only one embodiment. It shows:
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a hydraulic system for a combine harvester,
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a Collecting container, parts being omitted for better illustration,
  • Fig. 3, the collecting container according to FIG. 2 with the associated hydraulic circuit.

In der Zeichnung ist mit 10 ein Sammelbehälter eines in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Mähdreschers bezeichnet, der mit Auslaßöffnungen 12, 14 und 16 ausgerüstet ist, an die Hydraulikleitungen, beispielsweise für eine erste hydraulische Einrichtung bzw. ein Haupthydrauliksystem 28, für einen Haspelantrieb oder für einen hydrostatischen Antrieb angeschlossen werden können. Die hydraulische Einrichtung 28 ist in Fig. 1 durch ein Blockschaltbild wiedergegeben. Die erste hydraulische Einrichtung bzw. der Hydraulikkreislauf 28 weist eine Pumpe 26 auf und ist an die Auslaßöffnung 12 angeschlossen, über die Druckmittel zur hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 fließt. In Fig. 1 sind die Hydraulikleitungen zur Verbindung der Pumpe 26 mit der hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 durch die Bezugsziffer 30 gekennzeichnet. Das aus der hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 abfließende Druckmittel wird über die Rücklaufleitung 32 geleitet.In the drawing, 10 denotes a collecting container of a combine harvester, not shown in the drawing, which is equipped with outlet openings 12, 14 and 16, to the hydraulic lines, for example for a first hydraulic device or a main hydraulic system 28, for a reel drive or for one hydrostatic drive can be connected. The hydraulic device 28 is shown in FIG. 1 by a block diagram. The first hydraulic device or the hydraulic circuit 28 has a pump 26 and is connected to the outlet opening 12, via which pressure medium flows to the hydraulic device 28. In Fig. 1, the hydraulic lines for connecting the pump 26 to the hydraulic device 28 are identified by the reference number 30. The pressure medium flowing out of the hydraulic device 28 is conducted via the return line 32.

Eine zweite hydraulische Einrichtung bzw. ein zweiter Hydraulikkreislauf 36 (Haspelantriebssystem) weist eine Pumpe 38, einen Antriebsmotor 40 sowie ein Geschwindigkeitssteuerventil 41 auf, die über Hydraulikleitungen 42 an eine Rücklaufleitung 44 angeschlossen sind.A second hydraulic device or a second hydraulic circuit 36 (reel drive system) has a pump 38, a drive motor 40 and a speed control valve 41, which are connected to a return line 44 via hydraulic lines 42.

Eine Rücklaufleitung 48 dient zum Rückfluß des Druckmittels aus der hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 und dem zweiten Hydrauliksystem 42 sowie zum Rückfluß des Druckmittels aus den Rücklaufleitungen 32 und 44. Das Druckmittel, das durch die zusammengefaßte Rücklaufleitung 48 geleitet wird, gelangt über einen Hydraulikfilter 50 an die Einlaßöffnung 18.A return line 48 serves to return the pressure medium from the hydraulic device 28 and the second hydraulic system 42 and to return the pressure medium from the return lines 32 and 44. The pressure medium, which is passed through the combined return line 48, reaches the inlet opening via a hydraulic filter 50 18th

Eine dritte hydraulische Einrichtung bzw. ein Hydraulikkreislauf 54 ist an die Auslaßöffnung 16 angeschlossen und dient zur Druckmittelversorgung des Getriebes eines Mähdreschers. Zu der hydraulischen Einrichtung 54 gehören eine Ladepumpe 56, eine Stellpumpe 58 sowie ein Motor 60. Die einzelnen Aggregate sind über eine Hydraulikleitung 62 miteinander verbunden. Die Ladepumpe 56 ist an die Rücklaufleitung 64 angeschlossen, die über einen Kühler 66 an die Einlaßöffnung 20 angeschlossen ist.A third hydraulic device or a hydraulic circuit 54 is connected to the outlet opening 16 and serves to supply pressure medium to the transmission of a combine harvester. The hydraulic device 54 includes a charge pump 56, a control pump 58 and a motor 60. The individual units are connected to one another via a hydraulic line 62. The charge pump 56 is connected to the return line 64, which is connected to the inlet opening 20 via a cooler 66.

Im Arbeitseinsatz werden über eine in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Verbrennungskraftmaschine die einzelnen Pumpen bzw. Motoren sowie die übrigen Aggregate angetrieben. Die Hydraulikversorgung wird über eine am Mähdrescher vorgesehene Bedienungseinrichtung überwacht. Die dritte hydraulische Einrichtung 54 dient zum unterschiedlich schnellen Antrieb des hydrostatischen Getriebes sowie zum Vorwärts-und Rückwärtslauf. Die erste hydraulische Einrichtung 28 dient zur Verstellung der Austragfördervorrichtung des Sammelbehälters und zur Steuerung der Drehzahl der Dreschtrommel sowie zur Höhenverstellung der Schneidwerksvorrichtung, über die das Erntegut aufgenommen und dem Mähdrescher zugeführt wird. Die in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Haspel ist auf der Mähwerksvorrichtung angeordnet und wird über die zweite hydraulische Einrichtung 36 versorgt.In work, the individual pumps or motors and the other units are driven by an internal combustion engine, not shown in the drawing. The hydraulic supply is monitored via an operating device provided on the combine. The third hydraulic device 54 is used to drive the hydrostatic transmission at different speeds and to run forwards and backwards. The first hydraulic device 28 is used to adjust the discharge conveyor device of the collecting container and to control the speed of the threshing drum and to adjust the height of the cutting device, via which the crop is picked up and fed to the combine harvester. The reel, not shown in the drawing, is arranged on the mower device and is supplied via the second hydraulic device 36.

Der in Fig. 2 mit 10 bezeichnete Sammelbehälter besteht aus zwei gegenüberliegenden Stirnwänden 70 und 72, die über eine obere Wand 74 und einen Boden 76 miteinander verbunden sind. Auf der oberen Wand 74 befindet sich ein Einfüllstutzen 80 mit einem Filter 82.The collection container designated 10 in FIG. 2 consists of two opposite end walls 70 and 72 which are connected to one another via an upper wall 74 and a base 76. A filler neck 80 with a filter 82 is located on the upper wall 74.

Im oberen Bereich der Stirnwand 70 befinden sich zwei Schaugläser 84 und 86, die dicht untereinander angeordnet sind, wobei das eine Schauglas 84 auf einer Ebene 88 angeordnet ist, die der gewünschten Einfüllhöhe des Sammelbehälters 10 entspricht, während das zweite Schauglas 86 auf einer Ebene 90 angeordnet ist, die der minimalen Einfüllhöhe entspricht. Die Auslaßöffnung 16 für das hydrostatische Getriebe befindet sich in dem Boden 76 des Sammelbehälters und weist ebenfalls einen Filter 92 auf. Die einzelnen Auslaßöffnungen 12, 14, 16 sowie die Einlaßöffnungen 18 und 20 sind so angeordnet, daß sie stets unterhalb des Hydraulikspiegels liegen, gleich in welchem Arbeitseinsatz sich der Mähdrescher befindet.In the upper region of the end wall 70 there are two sight glasses 84 and 86, which are arranged close to one another, the one sight glass 84 being arranged on a plane 88 which corresponds to the desired filling height of the collecting container 10, while the second sight glass 86 is on a plane 90 is arranged, which corresponds to the minimum filling level. The outlet opening 16 for the hydrostatic transmission is located in the bottom 76 of the collecting container and also has a filter 92. The individual outlet openings 12, 14, 16 and the inlet openings 18 and 20 are arranged so that they are always below the hydraulic level, regardless of the work in which the combine harvester is located.

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, sind in dem Sammelbehälter 10 zwei nebeneinander angeordnete, untereinander einen Abstand aufweisende und parallel zur Oberfläche des Bodens 76 verlaufende Leitungen 94 und 96 vorgesehen. Diese Hydraulikleitungen 94 und 96 stellen eine Druckmittelverbindung zwischen den Auslaßöffnungen 12 und 14 sowie den Einlaßöffnungen 18 und 20 her. Die Leitungen 94 und 96 können als zylinderförmige Rohre ausgebildet sein, die aus einem dünnen Maschendraht gebildet sind. Ebenso ist es möglich, die Leitung 94 aus einem anderen Material herzustellen, das mit zahlreichen kleinen Öffnungen versehen ist. Die in den Leitungen 94, 96 vorgesehenen Öffnungen gestatten zwischen den Leitungen 94 und 96 und dem Sammelbehälter 10 einen Druckmittelaustausch. Der Druckmittelaustausch zwischen dem Sammelbehälter und den Leitungen 94 und 96 hängt von dem Differentialdruck, der zwischen dem Sammelbehälter und dessen Leitungen 94, 96 gebildet wird, ab.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, two lines 94 and 96, which are arranged next to one another, have a spacing from one another and run parallel to the surface of the bottom 76, are provided in the collecting container 10. These hydraulic lines 94 and 96 establish a pressure medium connection between the outlet openings 12 and 14 and the inlet openings 18 and 20. The lines 94 and 96 can be designed as cylindrical tubes which are formed from a thin wire mesh. It is also possible to produce the line 94 from a different material which is provided with numerous small openings. The openings provided in the lines 94, 96 allow a pressure medium exchange between the lines 94 and 96 and the collecting container 10. The pressure medium exchange between the collection container and the lines 94 and 96 depends on the differential pressure that is formed between the collection container and its lines 94, 96.

Im Arbeitseinsatz ist es als besonders wichtig und vorteilhaft anzusehen, daß das Hydraulikmittel nicht sofort über die Leitungen 94, 96 in den Sammelbehälter 10 fließt. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, daß der Rückfluß in die Einlaßöffnung 18 größer ist als der Abfluß über die Auslaßöffnung 12 am gegenüberliegenden Ende der Leitung 94. Der übermäßig große Anteil des Rückflusses des Druckmittels bewirkt einen wirksamen Durchfluß durch die Öffnungen der Leitungen 94 und 96 in den Sammelbehälter sowie einen entsprechenden Durchfluß des Druckmittels zu den Auslaßöffnungen 12, 14 des Sammelbehälters. Die kleinen Durchlaßöffnungen in den Versorgungsteil der Leitungen 94, 96, die einen relativ großen Raum innerhalb des Sammelbehälters 10 einnehmen, wirken als Überdruckventil, so daß ein zufriedenstellender Druckausgleich und eine entsprechende Druckmittelversorgung im Hydrauliksystem möglich ist. Die Leitungen 94 und 96 wirken auch als Rücklaufdiffusoren und reduzieren die Rücklaufgeschwindigkeiten in den Sammelbehälter, so daß nur minimale Turbulenzen bzw. eine minimale Schaumbildung des Hydraulikmittels im Sammelbehälter 10 auftritt. Ist das Hydrauliksystem entsprechend ausgelegt, so daß eine ausreichende Versorgung der Pumpen mit Druckmittel gewährleistet ist und gleichzeitig Kavitation vermieden werden kann, so wird die Lebensdauer der Pumpe entsprechend erhöht, und zwar im Gegensatz zu solchen Pumpen, die nicht ausreichend mit Druckmittel versorgt werden. Ferner wird beim Passieren des Druckmittels durch die Öffnungen in den Leitungen 94, 96 gewährleistet, daß gelöste Luft aus dem Druckmittel entweicht.In work it is particularly important and advantageous that the hydraulic medium does not immediately flow into the collecting container 10 via the lines 94, 96. It is also advantageous that the backflow into the inlet opening 18 is greater than the outflow via the outlet opening 12 at the opposite end of the line 94. The excessively large proportion of the backflow of the pressure medium causes one effective flow through the openings of the lines 94 and 96 in the collecting container and a corresponding flow of the pressure medium to the outlet openings 12, 14 of the collecting container. The small passage openings in the supply part of the lines 94, 96, which take up a relatively large space within the collecting container 10, act as a pressure relief valve, so that a satisfactory pressure compensation and a corresponding pressure medium supply in the hydraulic system is possible. The lines 94 and 96 also act as return diffusers and reduce the return speeds into the collecting container, so that only minimal turbulence or minimal foaming of the hydraulic medium occurs in the collecting container 10. If the hydraulic system is designed accordingly, so that an adequate supply of the pumps with pressure medium is guaranteed and cavitation can be avoided at the same time, the service life of the pump is increased accordingly, in contrast to pumps that are not supplied with sufficient pressure medium. Furthermore, when passing the pressure medium through the openings in the lines 94, 96 it is ensured that dissolved air escapes from the pressure medium.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, zwei Leitungen 94 und 96 im Sammelbehälter 10 vorzusehen. Wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, fließt das Druckmittel aus der Leitung 94 über die Auslaßöffnung 12 nur zur ersten hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 ab, während sie Druckmittel über die Einlaßöffnung 18 erhält, die mit den Hydraulikleitungen der ersten hydraulischen Einrichtung 28 und der zweiten hydraulischen Einrichtung 36 in Verbindung steht. Hieraus geht hervor, daß das zurückfließende Druckmittel an der Einlaßöffnung 18 größer ist als der Bedarf des Druckmittels an der Auslaßöffnung 12.According to the present invention, it is particularly advantageous to provide two lines 94 and 96 in the collecting container 10. As is apparent from FIG. 1, the pressure medium flows from the line 94 via the outlet opening 12 only to the first hydraulic device 28, while it receives pressure medium via the inlet opening 18 which is connected to the hydraulic lines of the first hydraulic device 28 and the second hydraulic device 36 communicates. It can be seen from this that the pressure medium flowing back at the inlet opening 18 is greater than the pressure medium requirement at the outlet opening 12.

Bezüglich der zweiten Leitung 96 wird der gewünschte bzw. erforderliche Rückfluß bzw. der übergroße Rückflußbedarf durch Zuschaltung anderer verschiedener Hydrauliksysteme erreicht. Die einzelnen hydraulischen Einrichtungen weisen natürlich unterschiedliche Parameter auf. Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung können die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten in Liter pro Sekunde 1,03, 0,6 und 0,87 für den Hauptantrieb, für den Haspelantrieb, für das hydrostatische Getriebe mit dem Blockschaltbild, für die zweite hydraulische Einrichtung 36 und die dritte hydraulische Einrichtung 54 betragen, wobei das Druckmittel über die Auslaßöffnungen 12, 14 und 16 abfließt. Der Rückfluß für den Haspelantrieb zur Einlaßöffnung 18 und den hydrostatischen Antrieb an der Einlaßöffnung 20 weist entsprechend 1,63 und 0,87 Liter pro Sekunde auf. Somit besteht für jede Leitung 94 und 96 ein übermäßig großer Rückfluß, so daß ein ausreichender Durchfluß des Druckmittels und ein Passieren der Durchlaßöffnungen in den Leitungen 94 und 96 und somit ein Eintritt in den Sammelbehälter 10 möglich ist. Es ist ein vorteilhaftes Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung, daß die Leitungen 94 und 96 auch als Diffusoren wirken und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des zurückfließenden Druckmittels reduzieren, das dann wieder in den Sammelbehälter 10 gelangt, während ein Teil des zurückfließenden Druckmittels direkt zu den Auslaßöffnungen 12 und 14 gelangt.With regard to the second line 96, the desired or required reflux or the excessive reflux requirement is achieved by connecting other different hydraulic systems. The individual hydraulic devices naturally have different parameters. According to the present invention, the flow rates in liters per second can be 1.03, 0.6 and 0.87 for the main drive, for the reel drive, for the hydrostatic transmission with the block diagram, for the second hydraulic device 36 and the third hydraulic device 54 amount, wherein the pressure medium flows through the outlet openings 12, 14 and 16. The reflux for the reel drive to the inlet opening 18 and the hydrostatic drive at the inlet opening 20 have 1.63 and 0.87 liters per second, respectively. Thus there is an excessively large backflow for each line 94 and 96, so that a sufficient flow of the pressure medium and a passage through the passage openings in the lines 94 and 96 and thus entry into the collecting container 10 is possible. It is an advantageous feature of the present invention that the lines 94 and 96 also act as diffusers and reduce the flow rates of the pressure medium flowing back, which then gets back into the collecting container 10, while a part of the pressure medium flowing back reaches the outlet openings 12 and 14 directly .

In dem vorliegenden Beispiel enthält die hydraulische Einrichtung, die durch das Blockschaltbild in der Zeichnung angegeben ist, ein Nebensystem, das vorzugsweise mit gereinigtem Druckmittel beaufschlagbar ist, das jedoch auch Druckmittel mit einem gewissen Lufteinschluß toleriert. Das Druckmittel läuft in diesem Falle über die Auslaßöffnung 12 der Leitung 94, über die Rücklaufleitungen des Nebensystems und des Haspelantriebes (zweite hydraulische Einrichtung 36) zur Einlaßöffnung 18. Das Druckmittel beim Rückfluß ist relativ warm, da dieses sich in der zweiten hydraulischen Einrichtung 36 aufwärmt; jedoch ist es auch relativ sauber, da in diesem System ein Hydraulikfilter 50 vorgesehen ist. Das zurückfließende Druckmittel weist eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 1,63 Liter pro Sekunde auf und übersteigt somit den Druckmittelbedarf der hydraulischen Einrichtung, der bei 0,6 Liter pro Sekunde liegt, so daß das Nebensystem mit Druckmittel überbeaufschlagt ist. Dieses ist somit als Bypass-Druckmittel zu bezeichnen und fließt direkt über die Leitung 94 bzw. deren Öffnungen in den Sammelbehälter 10. Das in den Sammelbehälter eintretende Druckmittel kann auf diese Weise im Sammelbehälter wieder abgekühlt werden, und ferner kann die im Hydraulikmittel gelöste Luft wieder ausgeschieden werden.In the present example, the hydraulic device, which is indicated by the block diagram in the drawing, contains an ancillary system which can preferably be acted upon with cleaned pressure medium, but which also tolerates pressure medium with a certain air inclusion. In this case, the pressure medium runs via the outlet opening 12 of the line 94, via the return lines of the auxiliary system and the reel drive (second hydraulic device 36) to the inlet opening 18. The pressure medium during the reflux is relatively warm, since it heats up in the second hydraulic device 36 ; however, it is also relatively clean since a hydraulic filter 50 is provided in this system. The flowing back pressure medium has a flow rate of 1.63 liters per second and thus exceeds the pressure medium requirement of the hydraulic device, which is 0.6 liters per second, so that the auxiliary system is over pressurized with pressure medium. This is thus to be referred to as a bypass pressure medium and flows directly via line 94 or its openings into the collecting container 10. The pressure medium entering the collecting container can be cooled again in the collecting container in this way, and furthermore the air dissolved in the hydraulic medium can again be eliminated.

Die einzelnen Komponenten, die für den Haspelantrieb verwendet werden (hydraulische Einrichtung 36), sind so ausgelegt, daß sie mit Druckmittel arbeiten können, das noch gewisse Verunreinigungen enthält, wobei es jedoch wichtig ist, daß das Druckmittel ausreichend abgekühlt ist. In diesem Fall ist die Leitung 96 über die Auslaßöffnung 14 für den Haspelantrieb mit der Rücklaufleitung und somit mit der Einlaßöffnung 20 der hydraulischen Einrichtung 54 (nicht dargestellt) verbunden. Der Rückfluß des Druckmittels übersteigt die Druckmittelversorgung (0,87, 0,6 Liter pro Sekunde), so daß die Druckmittelversorgung zur zweiten hydraulischen Einrichtung 36 für den Haspelantrieb hauptsächlich aus dem Druckmittelrückfluß aus dem hydrostatischen Getriebe (hydraulische Einrichtung 54) gespeist wird, der direkt durch die Hydraulikleitungen 96 ohne Verweilzeit im Sammelbehälter 10 läuft. Die vorteilhafte Anordnung des Kühlers 66 stellt sicher, daß das Druckmittel relativ kühl ist, wobei die Toleranzen des Haspelantriebes (hydraulische Einrichtung 36) es gestatten, daß Druckmittel mit Schmutzeinschlüssen zu dieser hydraulischen Einrichtung geleitet werden kann, ohne daß eine besondere zusätzliche Ausfilterung der Schmutzpartikel aus dem Druckmittel erforderlich ist.The individual components that are used for the reel drive (hydraulic device 36) are designed so that they can work with pressure medium that still contains certain impurities, but it is important that the pressure medium has cooled sufficiently. In this case, the line 96 is connected via the outlet opening 14 for the reel drive to the return line and thus to the inlet opening 20 of the hydraulic device 54 (not shown). The return flow of the pressure medium exceeds the pressure medium supply (0.87, 0.6 liters per second), so that the pressure medium supply to the second hydraulic device 36 for the reel drive is mainly fed from the pressure medium return flow from the hydrostatic transmission (hydraulic device 54), which is direct runs through the hydraulic lines 96 without dwell time in the collecting container 10. The advantageous arrangement of the cooler 66 ensures that the pressure medium is relatively cool, the tolerances of the reel drive (hydraulic device 36) allowing pressure medium with inclusions of dirt to this hydraulic Device can be passed without a special additional filtering of the dirt particles from the pressure medium is required.

Das Absetzen der Verunreinigungen des Druckmittels und die Luftabscheidung im Sammelbehälter sind insbesondere für die dritte hydraulische Einrichtung 54 vorgesehen, die das Druckmittel insbesondere über den Filter 92 und die Auslaßöffnungen 16 im Boden des Sammelbehälters 10 erhält. Ein herkömmliches hydrostatisches Getriebe wird am besten mit Druckmittel versorgt, das keine Luft absorbiert hat, um die Leistung des hydrostatischen Systems nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Ebenso muß das Druckmittel für das hydrostatische Antriebssystem relativ sauber und kühl sein. Dies wird insbesondere durch die Verweilzeit des Druckmittels im Sammelbehälter 10 gewährleistet.The deposition of the contaminants of the pressure medium and the air separation in the collecting container are provided in particular for the third hydraulic device 54, which receives the pressure medium in particular via the filter 92 and the outlet openings 16 in the bottom of the collecting container 10. A conventional hydrostatic transmission is best supplied with pressure medium that has not absorbed air in order not to impair the performance of the hydrostatic system. The pressure medium for the hydrostatic drive system must also be relatively clean and cool. This is ensured in particular by the residence time of the pressure medium in the collecting container 10.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung beträgt die Austauschgeschwindigkeit des Druckmittels aus dem Sammelbehälter in die hydraulische Einrichtung 2,5 Liter pro Sekunde (1,03 + 0,6 + 0,87) bis 0,87 Liter pro Sekunde ((0,6 + 1,03-1,03) + (0,87 - 0,6)). Die Austauschrate des Druckmittels von den Leitungen in den Sammelbehälter 10 wird somit auf ein Drittel einer normalen Austauschrate bei herkömmlichen Sammelbehältern und Druckleitungen herabgesetzt. Das Wesentliche der Erfindung liegt nicht nur in der übermäßigen Druckmittelversorgung der Leitungen 94 und 96. Es ist beispielsweise ausreichend, die Rate des Druckmittelaustausches zwischen den Leitungen 94, 96 und dem Sammelbehälter 10 so herabzusetzen, daß ein Teil des Druckmittels direkt durch die Leitungen 94 und 96 fließen kann. Der Übersorgungseffekt kann vergrößert werden, wenn der Prozentsatz der Öffnungsfläche bzw. der Durchlaßquerschnitt aller Bohrungen in den Leitungen 94, 96 herabgesetzt wird.According to the present invention, the rate of exchange of the pressure medium from the collecting container into the hydraulic device is 2.5 liters per second (1.03 + 0.6 + 0.87) to 0.87 liters per second ((0.6 + 1, 03-1.03) + (0.87 - 0.6)). The exchange rate of the pressure medium from the lines into the collecting container 10 is thus reduced to a third of a normal exchange rate with conventional collecting containers and pressure lines. The essence of the invention lies not only in the excessive pressure medium supply to the lines 94 and 96. For example, it is sufficient to reduce the rate of pressure medium exchange between the lines 94, 96 and the collecting container 10 so that a part of the pressure medium directly through the lines 94 and 96 can flow. The overflow effect can be increased if the percentage of the opening area or the passage cross section of all bores in the lines 94, 96 is reduced.

Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Fig. 3 schematisch veranschaulicht. Diese hydraulische Anlage weist zwei hydraulische Einrichtungen A und B auf, wobei ein jedes eine Pumpe und ein oder mehrere hydraulisch betätigbare Vorrichtungen, die in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt sind, aufweist. Die hydraulische Anlage ist mit einem Sammelbehälter 100 ausgerüstet, der mit Auslaß- und Einlaßöffnungen 102, 104 und 106, 108 ausgerüstet ist. Im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Ein- und Auslaßöffnungen so angeordnet, daß sie normalerweise unterhalb des Druckmittelspiegels liegen. Die Auslaßöffnung 102 der hydraulischen Einrichtung A ist über eine Rohrleitung 110 mit der Einlaßöffnung 108 (ähnlich wie die Leitungen 94, 96) verbunden. Die Druckmittelrate in der hydraulischen Einrichtung B ist größer als die in der hydraulischen Einrichtung A, und die Arbeitscharakteristika der Hydraulikanlage nach dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel sind ähnlich der Charakteristika der Hydraulikanlage nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Diese Vorteile werden erreicht, ohne daß die hydraulische Einrichtung bzw. deren Leitungen außerhalb des Sammelbehälters 100 zusammengefaßt werden, wobei die Anzahl der zahlreichen Einlaßöffnungen 104, 108 gleich der Anzahl der Auslaßöffnungen 102, 106 ist.A second exemplary embodiment is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3. This hydraulic system has two hydraulic devices A and B, each of which has a pump and one or more hydraulically actuable devices, which are not shown in the drawing. The hydraulic system is equipped with a collecting container 100, which is equipped with outlet and inlet openings 102, 104 and 106, 108. In the first embodiment, the inlet and outlet openings are arranged so that they are normally below the pressure medium level. The outlet opening 102 of the hydraulic device A is connected via a pipeline 110 to the inlet opening 108 (similar to the lines 94, 96). The pressure medium rate in the hydraulic device B is larger than that in the hydraulic device A, and the working characteristics of the hydraulic system according to the second embodiment are similar to the characteristics of the hydraulic system according to the first embodiment. These advantages are achieved without the hydraulic device or the lines thereof being combined outside the collecting container 100, the number of numerous inlet openings 104, 108 being equal to the number of outlet openings 102, 106.

Claims (11)

1. A hydraulic installation comprising a collecting container (10, 100) for the hydraulic pressure fluid of the installation, wherein the collecting container has an inlet opening (18, 108) with a return conduit (48) connected thereto, and a first outlet opening (12, 102) for supplying at least one hydraulic device (28, A) with pressure fluid, wherein the inlet opening (18, 108) is connected to the first outlet opening (12, 102) by way of a conduit (94, 110) which is below the level of the pressure fluid in the collecting container (10, 100) and has numerous small openings for pressure fluid exchange between the conduit (94, 110) and the collecting container (10, 100), characterised in that there is provided a second outlet opening (14, 106) for supplying a further hydraulic device (36, B) and that the flow of pressure fluid flowing back through the inlet opening (18, 108) is greater than the flow of pressure fluid flowing away through the first outlet opening.
2. An installation according to claim 1 characterised in that the hydraulic devices (28 and 36) have a common return conduit (48) connected to the inlet opening (18).
3. An installation according to claim 1 and claim 2 characterised in that the collecting container (10) has a second inlet opening (20) which is connected to the second outlet opening (14) by way of a second conduit (96) which also has numerous small openings for pressure fluid exchange between the conduit (96) and the oollecting container (10), and that the second conduit (96) is below the level of the pressure fluid in the collecting container (10), wherein a third outlet opening (16) serves to supply a third hydraulic device (54) whose return conduit (64) is connected to the second inlet opening (20) of the collecting container (10).
4. An installation according to claim 1 or claim 3 characterised in that the conduit (94, 96) connecting the inlet and outlet openings (18, 12, 20, 14) has the small openings approximately over its entire length.
5. An installation according to claim 1 characterised in that the flow of pressure fluid out of the second hydraulic device (B) is greater than out of the first hydraulic device (A), wherein the collecting container (100) has a second inlet opening (104) for receiving the return flow of pressure fluid out of the first hydraulic device (A) and that the pressure fluid which flows back out of the second hydraulic device (B) is passed to the first inlet opening (108) of the collecting container (100).
6. An installation according to claim 1 characterised in that the conduit (94) arranged between the inlet and outlet openings (18, 12) is formed from wire mesh having small throughflow openings.
7. An installation according to claim 3 characterised in that the first conduit (94) extends parallel to the second conduit (96).
8. An installation according to one or more of the preceding claims characterised in that a filter (50) is provided in the common return conduit (48).
9. An installation according to claim 3 and claim 7 characterised in that the two conduits (94, 96) which extend parallel to each other extend in a straight line and horizontally through the collecting container (10) and are arranged closely above the bottom (76) of the collecting container (10).
10. An installation according to claim 7 characterised in that the inlet and outlet openings (18, 20, 12, 14) are aligned with each other and are arranged on a horizontally extending plane.
11. An installation according to claim 3 characterised in that provided in the bottom (76) of the collecting container (10) is the third outlet opening (16) which is covered by way of a filter (92) and to which the third hydraulic device (54) is connected, the return conduit (64) of the third hydraulic device (54) having a cooler (66).
EP19840115510 1983-12-19 1984-12-15 Oil reservoir for a hydraulic system Expired EP0149800B1 (en)

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US06/562,657 US4531368A (en) 1983-12-19 1983-12-19 Reservoir for a multi-pump hydraulic system
US562657 1983-12-19

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EP0149800A1 EP0149800A1 (en) 1985-07-31
EP0149800B1 true EP0149800B1 (en) 1987-11-04

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AU (1) AU3628784A (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1222929A (en) 1987-06-16
BR8406433A (en) 1985-10-15
EP0149800A1 (en) 1985-07-31
AU3628784A (en) 1985-06-27
DE3467211D1 (en) 1987-12-10
US4531368A (en) 1985-07-30
DD232962A5 (en) 1986-02-12

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