EP0146731A2 - Hollow tube-like ceramic body - Google Patents

Hollow tube-like ceramic body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146731A2
EP0146731A2 EP84113210A EP84113210A EP0146731A2 EP 0146731 A2 EP0146731 A2 EP 0146731A2 EP 84113210 A EP84113210 A EP 84113210A EP 84113210 A EP84113210 A EP 84113210A EP 0146731 A2 EP0146731 A2 EP 0146731A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic body
thickening
hollow
body according
tubular ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84113210A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0146731A3 (en
EP0146731B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Körkemeier
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Publication of EP0146731A2 publication Critical patent/EP0146731A2/en
Publication of EP0146731A3 publication Critical patent/EP0146731A3/en
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Publication of EP0146731B1 publication Critical patent/EP0146731B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4264—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
    • F02F1/4271—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels with an exhaust liner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hollow, tubular ceramic body for gas-carrying channels, preferably exhaust channels in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • Ceramic bodies of the type mentioned at the outset are cast into a cylinder head made, for example, of an aluminum alloy.
  • this ceramic body is subjected to relatively high loads - casting, shrinking, solidification pressures - which require a rigid cross-sectional shape - circular, oval.
  • Such a cross-sectional shape can hardly be realized over the entire length of, for example, a hot gas-carrying channel of the cylinder head, because the channel is constricted locally in the area of a bore for a valve guide (DE-AS 27 50 290).
  • Such a constriction must be compensated for by the cross-sectional design of the channel in order to avoid a reduction in cross-section that would impair the gas flow.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to take such precautions on a tubular, hollow ceramic body that on the one hand it can be adapted to the structural conditions in a channel and on the other hand withstands the loads occurring during casting.
  • the ceramic body has such a strength that it withstands the stresses that occur when casting with the cylinder head.
  • Zirconium oxide is suitable as the material for the thickening, the entire outer surface of the ceramic body also being coated with this zirconium oxide, for example applied by plasma spraying.
  • This coating which has a roughened surface, ensures good pouring behavior of the ceramic body, and it also supports its thermal insulation with respect to the cylinder head. If the ceramic body has two pipe sections which merge into a single piece of pipe - pants shape - and if the thickening is provided as a support between the pipe sections, it is ensured that this ceramic body can withstand the pressures that occur when the cylinder head is cast without damage.
  • a hollow, tubular ceramic body 1 (Tialit ceramic) is shown, which is inserted into an outlet channel 2, that is, a hot gas-carrying channel of a cylinder head 3 shown only in regions and made of a cast aluminum alloy.
  • the ceramic body 1 has an essentially constant wall thickness, which is produced by the manufacturing process.
  • the cylinder head 3 has a vertical bore 4, which is provided with a sleeve-like extension 5 projecting into the exhaust port 2.
  • a guide device 6 for a valve 7, which controls the gas flow in the ceramic body 1, is pressed into the bore 4.
  • the ceramic body 1 In the region of the bore 4 or adjacent to it, the ceramic body 1 has a constriction 8, which results from the connection of the ceramic body to the bore 4 or the extension 5 and its flow-optimized cross-sectional shape.
  • the constriction 8 is filled with a thickening 9 for reasons of strength, the outside 10 of which is raised or convex.
  • the thickening 9 is adapted outside the constriction 8 at B and C to the shape of the ceramic body 1.
  • the ceramic body 1 has a convex shape in the region of the thickening 9, which is similar to the design of the ceramic body 1 on the opposite side 11.
  • the thickening 9 consists of the material zirconium oxide, which is applied by plasma spraying; the ceramic body 1 is provided on the outside with a coating 12 made of said material.
  • a ceramic body 13 has two mutually spaced pipe sections 14, 15, which merge at 16 into a single piece of pipe 17 (pants shape). Both pipe sections 14, 15 run within outlet channels of a cylinder, not shown, i. that is, there are two exhaust valves per ZyLinder. So that the forces occurring during casting at D and E on the ceramic body 13 do not cause any damaging moments, a thickening 18 is provided between the pipe sections 14, 15, which performs a supporting function. According to FIG. 5, the thickening 18 fills the space between the pipe sections 14, 15, the borders 19, 20 of the thickening also being raised and passing into the shape of the pipe sections 14, 15. The thickening extends over the height and the length of the pipe sections 14, 15.

Abstract

Dieser Keramikkörper wird in gasführende Kanäle, vorzugsweise Auslaßkanäle eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt. Zur Festigkeitsoptimierung des Keramikkörpers ist an seiner äußeren Oberfläche wenigstens eine Verdickung vorgesehen.This ceramic body is used in gas-carrying channels, preferably exhaust ports of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. To optimize the strength of the ceramic body, at least one thickening is provided on its outer surface.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen hohlen, rohrartigen Keramikkörper für gasführende Kanäle, vorzugsweise Auslaßkanäle in einem Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine.The invention relates to a hollow, tubular ceramic body for gas-carrying channels, preferably exhaust channels in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.

Keramikkörper der eingangs genannten Gattung werden in einen beispielsweise aus einer Aluminiumlegierung bestehenden Zylinderkopf eingegossen. Beim Gießen wirken auf diesen Keramikkörper relativ hohe Belastungen - Gieß-, Schrumpf-, Erstarrungsdrücke -, die eine steife Querschnittsform - kreisrund, oval - erfordern. Eine solche Querschnittsform läßt sich schwerlich über die gesamte Länge eines beispielsweise heißgasführenden Kanals des Zylinderkopfs realisieren, weil im Bereich einer Bohrung für eine Ventilführung der Kanal örtlich eingeschnürt ist (DE-AS 27 50 290). Eine derartige Einschnürung ist durch Querschnittsgestaltung des Kanals auszugleichen, um eine Querschnittsverkleinerung, die den Gasdurchstrom beeinträchtigen würde, zu vermeiden.Ceramic bodies of the type mentioned at the outset are cast into a cylinder head made, for example, of an aluminum alloy. When casting, this ceramic body is subjected to relatively high loads - casting, shrinking, solidification pressures - which require a rigid cross-sectional shape - circular, oval. Such a cross-sectional shape can hardly be realized over the entire length of, for example, a hot gas-carrying channel of the cylinder head, because the channel is constricted locally in the area of a bore for a valve guide (DE-AS 27 50 290). Such a constriction must be compensated for by the cross-sectional design of the channel in order to avoid a reduction in cross-section that would impair the gas flow.

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß ein in diesem Sinne gestalteter, d. h., eine örtliche Einschnürung aufweisender Keramikkörper den beim Gießen auftretenden Belastungen nicht standhält.Tests have shown that a designed in this sense, i.e. that is, a local constriction ceramic body does not withstand the stresses encountered during casting.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, an einem rohrartigen, hohlartigen Keramikkörper solche Vorkehrungen zu treffen, daß er einerseits an die konstruktiven Gegebenheiten in einem Kanal anpaßbar ist und andererseits den beim Gießen auftretenden Belastungen standhält.The object of the invention is therefore to take such precautions on a tubular, hollow ceramic body that on the one hand it can be adapted to the structural conditions in a channel and on the other hand withstands the loads occurring during casting.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere, die Erfindung ausgestaltende Merkmale sind in den folgenden Ansprüchen enthalten.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further features embodying the invention are contained in the following claims.

Die mit der Erfindung hauptsächlich erzielten Vorteile sind darin zu sehen, daß durch die aus druckfestem Werkstoff bestehende Verdickung, die die Einschnürung ausfüllt, der Keramikkörper eine solche Festigkeit aüfweist, daß er den beim Vergießen mit dem Zylinderkopf auftretenden Beanspruchungen gut standhält.The main advantages achieved with the invention can be seen in the fact that the thickening made of pressure-resistant material that fills the constriction, the ceramic body has such a strength that it withstands the stresses that occur when casting with the cylinder head.

Als Werkstoff für die Verdickung eignet sich Zirkonoxid, wobei mit diesem, beispielsweise durch Plasmaspritzen aufgebrachten Zirkonoxid auch die gesamte äußere Oberfläche des Keramikkörpers beschichtet ist. Diese, eine aufgerauhte Oberfläche aufweisende Beschichtung gewährleistet ein gutes Eingießverhalten des Keramikkörpers, und sie unterstützt auch seine Wärmeisolation gegenüber dem Zylinderkopf. Weist der Keramikkörper zwei Rohrabschnitte auf, die in ein einziges Rohrstück übergehen - Hosenform -, und ist zwischen den Rohrabschnitten die Verdickung als Abstützung vorgesehen, so ist sichergestellt, daß auch dieser Keramikkörper die beim Gießen des Zylinderkopfs auftretende Drücke ohne Beschädigung aushält.Zirconium oxide is suitable as the material for the thickening, the entire outer surface of the ceramic body also being coated with this zirconium oxide, for example applied by plasma spraying. This coating, which has a roughened surface, ensures good pouring behavior of the ceramic body, and it also supports its thermal insulation with respect to the cylinder head. If the ceramic body has two pipe sections which merge into a single piece of pipe - pants shape - and if the thickening is provided as a support between the pipe sections, it is ensured that this ceramic body can withstand the pressures that occur when the cylinder head is cast without damage.

In der Zeichnung werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung gezeigt, die nachstehend näher beschrieben sind.In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown, which are described in more detail below.

Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Keramikkörper nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht eines weiteren Keramikkörpers gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 4 eine Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung A der Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 3.
It shows
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a ceramic body according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a side view of a further ceramic body according to the invention,
  • 4 is a view in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 3,
  • 5 shows a section along the line VV of FIG. 3rd

In Fig. 1 ist ein hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper 1 (Tialit Keramik) dargestellt, der in einen Auslaßkanal 2, also einen heißgasführenden Kanal eines nur bereichsweise dargestellten, aus einer Aluminiumguß-Legierung bestehenden Zylinderkopf 3 eingesetzt ist. Der Keramikkörper 1 weist eine im wesentlichen konstante Wandstärke auf, die durch das Herstellungsverfahren entsteht.In Fig. 1, a hollow, tubular ceramic body 1 (Tialit ceramic) is shown, which is inserted into an outlet channel 2, that is, a hot gas-carrying channel of a cylinder head 3 shown only in regions and made of a cast aluminum alloy. The ceramic body 1 has an essentially constant wall thickness, which is produced by the manufacturing process.

Der Zylinderkopf 3 besitzt eine vertikale Bohrung 4, die mit einer büchsenartigen, in den Auslaßkanal 2 hineinragenden Erweiterung 5 versehen ist. In die Bohrung 4 eingepreßt ist eine Führungsvorrichtung 6 für ein Ventil 7, daß die Gasdurchströmung im Keramikkörper 1 steuert.The cylinder head 3 has a vertical bore 4, which is provided with a sleeve-like extension 5 projecting into the exhaust port 2. A guide device 6 for a valve 7, which controls the gas flow in the ceramic body 1, is pressed into the bore 4.

Im Bereich der Bohrung 4 bzw. benachbart von dieser weist der Keramikkörper 1 eine Einschnürung 8 auf, die sich aufgrund des Anschlusses des Keramikkörpers an die Bohrung 4 bzw. die Erweiterung 5 und seiner strömungsoptimierten Querschnittsform ergibt.In the region of the bore 4 or adjacent to it, the ceramic body 1 has a constriction 8, which results from the connection of the ceramic body to the bore 4 or the extension 5 and its flow-optimized cross-sectional shape.

Die Einschnürung 8 ist aus Festigkeitsgründen mit einer Verdickung 9 ausgefüllt, deren Außenseite 10 erhaben bzw. konvex ist. Die Verdickung 9 ist außerhalb der Einschnürung 8 bei B und C an den Formverlauf des Keramikkörpers 1 angepaßt. Durch diese Ausbildung weist der Keramikkörper 1 im Bereich der Verdickung 9 eine konvexe Form auf, die der Ausbildung des Keramikkörpers 1 auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite 11 ähnlich ist.The constriction 8 is filled with a thickening 9 for reasons of strength, the outside 10 of which is raised or convex. The thickening 9 is adapted outside the constriction 8 at B and C to the shape of the ceramic body 1. As a result of this design, the ceramic body 1 has a convex shape in the region of the thickening 9, which is similar to the design of the ceramic body 1 on the opposite side 11.

Die Verdickung 9 besteht aus dem Werkstoff Zirkonoxid, das durch Plasmaspritzen aufgebracht ist; der Keramikkörper 1 ist an der Außenseite mit einer Beschichtung 12 aus besagtem Werkstoff versehen.The thickening 9 consists of the material zirconium oxide, which is applied by plasma spraying; the ceramic body 1 is provided on the outside with a coating 12 made of said material.

Gemäß den Fig. 3, 4 und 5 weist ein Keramikkörper 13 zwei mit Abstand zueinander verlaufende Rohrabschnitte 14, 15 auf, die bei 16 in ein einziges Rohrstück 17 (Hosenform) übergehen. Beide Rohrabschnitte 14, 15 verlaufen innerhalb von nicht gezeigten Auslaßkanälen eines Zylinders, d. h., pro ZyLinder sind zwei Auslaßventile vorgesehen. Damit die beim Gießen bei D und E auftretenden Kräfte an dem Keramikkörper 13 keine ihn beschädigende Momente verursachen, ist zwischen den Rohrabschnitten 14, 15 eine Verdickung 18 vorgesehen, die eine Stützfunktion ausübt. Die Verdickung 18 füllt nach Fig. 5 den Raum zwischen den Rohrabschnitten 14, 15 aus, wobei Begrenzungen 19, 20 der Verdickung ebenfalls erhaben ausgeführt sind und in den Formverlauf der Rohrabschnitte 14, 15 übergehen. Die Verdickung erstreckt sich über die Höhe und die Länge der Rohrabschnitte 14, 15.3, 4 and 5, a ceramic body 13 has two mutually spaced pipe sections 14, 15, which merge at 16 into a single piece of pipe 17 (pants shape). Both pipe sections 14, 15 run within outlet channels of a cylinder, not shown, i. that is, there are two exhaust valves per ZyLinder. So that the forces occurring during casting at D and E on the ceramic body 13 do not cause any damaging moments, a thickening 18 is provided between the pipe sections 14, 15, which performs a supporting function. According to FIG. 5, the thickening 18 fills the space between the pipe sections 14, 15, the borders 19, 20 of the thickening also being raised and passing into the shape of the pipe sections 14, 15. The thickening extends over the height and the length of the pipe sections 14, 15.

Es ist aber auch denkbar, eine Verdickung 21 lediglich als örtliche Abstützung zwischen den Rohrabschnitten 14, 15 vorzusehen, was in den Fig. 3 und 4 schematisch dargestellt ist.However, it is also conceivable to provide a thickening 21 merely as a local support between the pipe sections 14, 15, which is shown schematically in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Claims (9)

-1. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper für gasführende Kanäle, vorzugsweise Auslaßkanäle in einem Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Festigkeitsoptimierung des Keramikkörpers (1) an seiner äußeren Oberfläche wenigstens eine druckfeste Verdickung (9, 18, 21) vorgesehen ist.-1. Hollow, tube-like ceramic body for gas-carrying channels, preferably exhaust ports in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that at least one pressure-resistant thickening (9, 18, 21) is provided on its outer surface in order to optimize the strength of the ceramic body (1). 2. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß.die Oberfläche des Keramikkörpers (1) örtlich mit einer Einschnürung (8) versehen ist, und daß die Verdickung (9) diese Einschnürung (8) ausfüllt.2. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the ceramic body (1) is locally provided with a constriction (8), and that the thickening (9) fills this constriction (8). 3. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenseite der Verdickung (9, 18) erhaben ausgeführt ist.3. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claim 2, characterized in that the outside of the thickening (9, 18) is raised. 4. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenseite der Verdickung (9) außerhalb der Einschnürung (8) (bei B und C) an den Formverlauf des Keramikkörpers (1) angepaßt ist.4. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the outside of the thickening (9) outside the constriction (8) (at B and C) is adapted to the shape of the ceramic body (1). 5. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdickung (9, 18, 21) aus Zirkonoxid besteht.5. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickening (9, 18, 21) consists of zirconium oxide. 6. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gesamte äußere Oberfläche des Keramikkörpers (1, 13) mit Zirkonoxid beschichtet ist.6. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claim 5, characterized in that the entire outer surface of the ceramic body (1, 13) is coated with zirconium oxide. 7. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Keramikkörper (13) zumindest zwei getrennt verlaufende Rohrabschnitte (14, 15) aufweist, die in ein einziges Rohrstück (17) übergehen, wobei zwischen den Rohrabschnitten (14, 15) die Verdickung (18, 21) als Abstützung vorgesehen ist.7. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic body (13) has at least two separately running pipe sections (14, 15) which merge into a single pipe section (17), wherein between the pipe sections ( 14, 15) the thickening (18, 21) is provided as a support. 8. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Verdickung über die Höhe und Länge der Rohrabschnitte (14, 15) erstreckt.8. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claim 7, characterized in that the thickening extends over the height and length of the tube sections (14, 15). 9. Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdickung (21) lediglich örtlich vorgesehen ist.9. Hollow, tubular ceramic body according to claim 7, characterized in that the thickening (21) is only provided locally.
EP84113210A 1983-12-22 1984-11-02 Hollow tube-like ceramic body Expired EP0146731B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3346394 1983-12-22
DE3346394A DE3346394C2 (en) 1983-12-22 1983-12-22 Hollow, tubular ceramic body

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0146731A2 true EP0146731A2 (en) 1985-07-03
EP0146731A3 EP0146731A3 (en) 1986-08-20
EP0146731B1 EP0146731B1 (en) 1989-01-11

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EP84113210A Expired EP0146731B1 (en) 1983-12-22 1984-11-02 Hollow tube-like ceramic body

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US (1) US4648243A (en)
EP (1) EP0146731B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60169655A (en)
DE (2) DE3346394C2 (en)

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DE3536804A1 (en) * 1985-10-16 1987-04-16 Audi Ag Relief valve
EP0285312A2 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast and ceramic port liners
EP0292040A2 (en) * 1987-05-16 1988-11-23 Ae Plc Cylinder liners
US5260116A (en) * 1987-03-24 1993-11-09 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramicm port liners
GB2288210B (en) * 1994-04-08 1998-09-09 Ford Motor Co Internal combustion engine
WO2013045018A3 (en) * 2011-10-01 2014-01-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head having an integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cast component, in particular a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine

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DE3706208C1 (en) * 1987-02-26 1987-10-22 Feldmuehle Ag Tubular ceramic body
DE3706206C1 (en) * 1987-02-26 1988-10-06 Feldmuehle Ag Tubular ceramic body of aluminium titanate having an oxide-containing coating and process for the production thereof
DE3706207C1 (en) * 1987-02-26 1988-10-06 Feldmuehle Ag Tubular ceramic body of aluminium titanate having an oxide-ceramic coating
JPS63268963A (en) * 1987-04-27 1988-11-07 Ngk Insulators Ltd Ceramic port liner
JPH01142547U (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-09-29
US5142863A (en) * 1989-05-18 1992-09-01 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Engine part provided with manifold type exhaust passage
JP2790866B2 (en) * 1989-08-24 1998-08-27 日産自動車株式会社 Exhaust passage of combustion device
US5137789A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-08-11 Caterpillar Inc. Composite ceramic and metal article
US6125891A (en) * 1996-03-15 2000-10-03 Silicon Carbide Products, Inc. Refractory u-bends and methods of manufacture
CN106762194A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-05-31 李斯特技术中心（上海）有限公司 A kind of exhaust passage of naturally aspirated engine

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FR2365705A1 (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-04-21 Audi Ag METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CASE
FR2408557A1 (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-08 Rosenthal Technik Ag REFRACTORY ARTICLE AND METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE BODY IN ALUMINUM SILICATE TITANATE
EP0119499A1 (en) * 1983-03-18 1984-09-26 Feldmühle Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head and manufacturing method

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3536804A1 (en) * 1985-10-16 1987-04-16 Audi Ag Relief valve
EP0285312A2 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast and ceramic port liners
EP0285312A3 (en) * 1987-03-24 1989-03-22 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast and ceramic port liners
EP0437302A2 (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-07-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic port liners
EP0437302A3 (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-08-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic port liners
US5055435A (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-10-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast
US5260116A (en) * 1987-03-24 1993-11-09 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramicm port liners
EP0292040A2 (en) * 1987-05-16 1988-11-23 Ae Plc Cylinder liners
EP0292040A3 (en) * 1987-05-16 1989-09-20 Ae Plc Cylinder liners
GB2288210B (en) * 1994-04-08 1998-09-09 Ford Motor Co Internal combustion engine
WO2013045018A3 (en) * 2011-10-01 2014-01-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head having an integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cast component, in particular a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
EP2761157A2 (en) * 2011-10-01 2014-08-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head having an integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cast component, in particular a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3346394A1 (en) 1985-07-11
DE3476100D1 (en) 1989-02-16
JPS60169655A (en) 1985-09-03
EP0146731A3 (en) 1986-08-20
DE3346394C2 (en) 1986-09-04
EP0146731B1 (en) 1989-01-11
US4648243A (en) 1987-03-10

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