EP0146546A1 - Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holes - Google Patents
Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0146546A1 EP0146546A1 EP83902352A EP83902352A EP0146546A1 EP 0146546 A1 EP0146546 A1 EP 0146546A1 EP 83902352 A EP83902352 A EP 83902352A EP 83902352 A EP83902352 A EP 83902352A EP 0146546 A1 EP0146546 A1 EP 0146546A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- lubricant
- coldworking
- holes
- felt pad
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1-(2-sulfanylethyl)imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N(CCS)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- XDXHAEQXIBQUEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ropinirole hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCN(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(=O)N2 XDXHAEQXIBQUEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
- B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
- B23P9/025—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling to inner walls of holes by using axially moving tools
Definitions
- Cold orking is a process which, when applied to holes, increases fatigue life of the resultant structure when subjected to stress.
- Patent No. 3,566,662 One of the better known methods of coldworking holes is set out in Patent No. 3,566,662.
- a pre-lubricated disposable sleeve is placed on a mandrel, the sleeve positioned in the hole and the mandrel pulled through to coldwork the hole. The sleeve is discarded after use. Numerous attempts have been made to cold work holes without the use of a sleeve, but those attempts have not been successful. It was found that holes can be coldworked without using a sleeve.
- Roughness is imparted to the surface of a hole, a lubricant applied to the roughened surface, and a mandrel drawn through the roughened lubricated hole to enlarge and coldwork the hole.
- the lubricant is dispensed through a hollow needle onto an encircling felt pad and the pad inserted into the hole to apply the lubricant.
- Figure 1 shows a side elevational view in cross- section of the lubricant apparatus of this invention applying lubricant to a hole to be cold worked.
- Figure 2 shows a side elevational view in cross- section of a mandrel with puller mounted for coldworking a hole prepared according to this invention.
- Figure 3 shows a fragmented side elevational cross- sectional view showing a hole in parts to be joined.
- Figure 4 shows a means of roughening the hole in the parts of Figure 3.
- Lubricant dispensing apparatus 10 has a housing 12, and a spout 14.
- a piston 16 is shown for being pressed against the lubricant located inside the housing at 18, for dispensing that lubricant through the spout.
- the method of actuating the piston is not shown as it may be actuated by any known means such as, but not limited to, trigger operated ratchet or pneumatic means.
- the spout has a radially inward extending projection 20 with an axial opening 22, and internal threads at 24, A hollow, adapter 26 is threaded at 28, to mesh with the threads in the spout and press a gasket 30, against the projec ⁇ tion.
- the adapter is threaded on the opposite end at 32, to mate with the threads 34, on a sleeve 36 for securing a shaped inner seal 38,
- a felt pad 40 having an axially located hollow needle 42, is secured to the end of the sleeve by threads 44, and a nut 46.
- the needle extends, from near the outer end of the felt pad, into and becomes sealingly joined inside the inner seal.
- Other types of lubricant dispensers may be used to dispense the lubricant into the felt pad.
- the lubricant dispenser 10 is used to lubricate holes 48 in parts 50 and 52. This application of lubri ⁇ cant is in preparation for cold working of the hole to obtain greatly enhanced fatigue life.
- the preferred lubricant is applied once the surface 54, of the hole 48, has been properly roughened.
- the roughened hole In order to successfully cold work a hole the roughened hole should be relatively uniform through the length of the hole, and have from about 10 to about 175 micro inches of roughness with about 50 to 150 micro inches of roughness preferred. These roughness figures cover the range required to coldwork various size holes from small size holes, requiring a low degree of roughness, up through large size holes, which require a high degree of roughness.
- the degree of roughness may be obtained in many ways with a preferred means being as is shown in Figure 4.
- a wire brush 56 sized to an interference fit in hole 48, is mounted to e drive unit 58, and the brush is driven at a low speed rota ⁇ tion. This roughens the surface 54 as is best s.. n in Figures 1, 2 and 4.
- Small size holes which requi. a a low degree of roughness, in some cases may obtain the required degree of roughness by the type and method of drilling and not require post drilling treatment, as long as the roughness obtained falls within the range shown,
- the surface 54, of hole 48 is first properly roughened.
- Piston 16 of lubricating dispenser 10 is then depressed to force lubricant through hollow needle 42 and saturate the shaped felt pad 40.
- the pad is inserted into the hole and removed to deposit lubri- cant along the surface of the hole,
- a tapered mandrel 60 preferably sized to impart about a 3 to 4 percent increase to tile hole size, is then pulled through by puller unit 62, to cold work the hole.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Un lubrifiant que l'on fait circuler de force au travers d'une aiguille creuse (42) sature un tampon en feutre qui l'entoure (40), un trou au travers des parties à relier est dégrossi uniformément (54) sur toute sa longueur de manière à obtenir une surface préesentant des rugosités comprises entre environ 10 et environ 175 micropouces. Le lubrifiant est appliqué sur la surface dégrossie à l'aide du tampon actionné et un mandrin (60) traverse cette surface pour usiner à froid le trou traité.A lubricant forced through a hollow needle (42) saturates a surrounding felt pad (40), a hole through the parts to be joined is uniformly roughened (54) over its entire length. length so as to obtain a surface having roughnesses between approximately 10 and approximately 175 microinches. The lubricant is applied to the roughed surface using the actuated pad and a chuck (60) passes through this surface to cold machine the treated hole.
Description
COLDWORKING METHOD AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM FOR COLDWORKING OF HOLES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cold orking is a process which, when applied to holes, increases fatigue life of the resultant structure when subjected to stress. One of the better known methods of coldworking holes is set out in Patent No. 3,566,662. In that patent a pre-lubricated disposable sleeve is placed on a mandrel, the sleeve positioned in the hole and the mandrel pulled through to coldwork the hole. The sleeve is discarded after use. Numerous attempts have been made to cold work holes without the use of a sleeve, but those attempts have not been successful. It was found that holes can be coldworked without using a sleeve.
_ OMPI
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Roughness is imparted to the surface of a hole, a lubricant applied to the roughened surface, and a mandrel drawn through the roughened lubricated hole to enlarge and coldwork the hole. The lubricant is dispensed through a hollow needle onto an encircling felt pad and the pad inserted into the hole to apply the lubricant.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows a side elevational view in cross- section of the lubricant apparatus of this invention applying lubricant to a hole to be cold worked.
Figure 2 shows a side elevational view in cross- section of a mandrel with puller mounted for coldworking a hole prepared according to this invention.
Figure 3 shows a fragmented side elevational cross- sectional view showing a hole in parts to be joined.
Figure 4 shows a means of roughening the hole in the parts of Figure 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Lubricant dispensing apparatus 10, has a housing 12, and a spout 14. A piston 16, is shown for being pressed against the lubricant located inside the housing at 18, for dispensing that lubricant through the spout. The method of actuating the piston is not shown as it may be actuated by any known means such as, but not limited to,
trigger operated ratchet or pneumatic means. The spout has a radially inward extending projection 20 with an axial opening 22, and internal threads at 24, A hollow, adapter 26 is threaded at 28, to mesh with the threads in the spout and press a gasket 30, against the projec¬ tion. The adapter is threaded on the opposite end at 32, to mate with the threads 34, on a sleeve 36 for securing a shaped inner seal 38, A felt pad 40, having an axially located hollow needle 42, is secured to the end of the sleeve by threads 44, and a nut 46. The needle extends, from near the outer end of the felt pad, into and becomes sealingly joined inside the inner seal. Other types of lubricant dispensers may be used to dispense the lubricant into the felt pad. The lubricant dispenser 10 is used to lubricate holes 48 in parts 50 and 52. This application of lubri¬ cant is in preparation for cold working of the hole to obtain greatly enhanced fatigue life. The preferred lubricant is applied once the surface 54, of the hole 48, has been properly roughened.
In order to successfully cold work a hole the roughened hole should be relatively uniform through the length of the hole, and have from about 10 to about 175 micro inches of roughness with about 50 to 150 micro inches of roughness preferred. These roughness figures cover the range required to coldwork various size holes from small size holes, requiring a low degree of roughness, up through large size holes, which require a high degree of roughness. The degree of roughness may be obtained in many ways with a preferred means being as is shown in Figure 4. In that Figure a wire brush 56, sized to an interference fit in hole 48, is mounted to e drive unit 58, and the brush is driven at a low speed rota¬ tion. This roughens the surface 54 as is best s.. n in Figures 1, 2 and 4. Small size holes, which requi. a
a low degree of roughness, in some cases may obtain the required degree of roughness by the type and method of drilling and not require post drilling treatment, as long as the roughness obtained falls within the range shown, In operation the surface 54, of hole 48, is first properly roughened. Piston 16 of lubricating dispenser 10 is then depressed to force lubricant through hollow needle 42 and saturate the shaped felt pad 40. The pad is inserted into the hole and removed to deposit lubri- cant along the surface of the hole, A tapered mandrel 60, preferably sized to impart about a 3 to 4 percent increase to tile hole size, is then pulled through by puller unit 62, to cold work the hole.
OMPI
Claims
1. A method of coldworking holes, with steps com¬ prising: roughening a hole for coldworking by imparting from about 10 to about 175 micro inches of roughness, applying a lubricant to the hole, and coldworking by drawing a mandrel through the hole.
2. A method of coldworking holes as in Claim 1 wherein the step of roughening the hole further comprises utilizing a rotary brush of metal wires.
3. A method of coldworking the holes as in Claim 2 further comprising utilizing a long-chain alcohol as the lubricant.
4. A method of coldworking the holes as in Claim 3 wherein the method of applying the lubricant comprises: dispensing the lubricant through a hollow needle and into a felt pad, and pressing the felt pad against the side of the hole.
5. A method of coldworking holes, with steps com¬ prising: imparting about 50 to 150 micro inches of roughness to a surface of a hole, coating the surface of the hole with a long-chain alcohol lubricant, and moving a mandrel through for expanding and thereby coldworking the hole.
6. A method of coldworking holes as in Claim 5 further comprising sizing the mandrel for imparting a
3 to 4 percent diameter increase to the coldworked hole.
7. A method of coldworking holes as in Claim 5 wherein coating the surface of the hole with lubricant comprises: dispensing lubricant through a hollow needle into a surrounding felt pad, and pressing the lubricated pad against the side of the hole for trans¬ ferring the lubricant to the surface of the hole,
8, An apparatus for applying lubricant to a hole to be coldworked comprising; a lubricant dispenser having a spout, a hollow needle to extend from the end of the spout, a felt pad around the needle and extending beyond the tip, a lubricant inside the dispenser, and means for moving the lubricant out the end of the needle and onto the pad.
9. An apparatus for applying lubricant to a hole to be coldworked as in Claim 8 wherein the lubricant used is a long-chain alcohol,
10. An apparatus for applying lubricant to a hole to be coldworked as in Claim 8 wherein the felt pad is sized for an interference fit in the hole to be lubricated.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1983/000910 WO1984004896A1 (en) | 1983-06-09 | 1983-06-09 | Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0146546A1 true EP0146546A1 (en) | 1985-07-03 |
Family
ID=22175261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83902352A Withdrawn EP0146546A1 (en) | 1983-06-09 | 1983-06-09 | Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0146546A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1221435B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984004896A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4031576A1 (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-04-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Tube-plate connection for heat exchanger - has tube ends pushed into tensioners widening in plate and pressed home by radial widening |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191418785A (en) * | 1914-08-18 | 1914-11-19 | Charles Louis Hollands | Improvements in the Lubrication of Vertically Disposed Bearings. |
| US1934225A (en) * | 1931-12-26 | 1933-11-07 | Texas Co | Dispensing device |
| GB765296A (en) * | 1954-02-12 | 1957-01-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Lubricants for extruding magnesium metal about a core wire |
| CH347393A (en) * | 1957-12-24 | 1960-06-30 | Straumann Inst Ag | Method of lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housing |
| US3805578A (en) * | 1973-01-17 | 1974-04-23 | J King | Apparatus and method for enlarging holes |
| US3892121A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1975-07-01 | Boeing Co | Apparatus for cold-working holes |
| US4243079A (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1981-01-06 | Emerson Electric Co. | Apparatus for and method of in situ application of lubricant to a wick |
-
1983
- 1983-06-09 EP EP83902352A patent/EP0146546A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-09 WO PCT/US1983/000910 patent/WO1984004896A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-05-08 IT IT12509/84A patent/IT1221435B/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8404896A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8412509A0 (en) | 1984-05-08 |
| WO1984004896A1 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
| IT1221435B (en) | 1990-07-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19841119 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19861105 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19861231 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: STARKEY, VAL, KENT Inventor name: MICAI, LOUIS, ZENO |