EP0144676A1 - Electromagnetic relay and method of making it - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay and method of making it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144676A1
EP0144676A1 EP84112795A EP84112795A EP0144676A1 EP 0144676 A1 EP0144676 A1 EP 0144676A1 EP 84112795 A EP84112795 A EP 84112795A EP 84112795 A EP84112795 A EP 84112795A EP 0144676 A1 EP0144676 A1 EP 0144676A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
spring
relay
angle
free
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84112795A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0144676B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Minks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent Deutschland AG
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
Alcatel SEL AG
Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Alcatel NV
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel SEL AG, Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG, Alcatel NV, International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical Alcatel SEL AG
Priority to AT84112795T priority Critical patent/ATE31997T1/en
Publication of EP0144676A1 publication Critical patent/EP0144676A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0144676B1 publication Critical patent/EP0144676B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/60—Contact arrangements moving contact being rigidly combined with movable part of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/26—Parts movable about a knife edge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing the same.
  • KL-armature relays Relays with an armature, which is stored in a cutting edge bearing, are known in particular as so-called KL-armature relays.
  • a retaining spring is provided which pulls the armature with a notch against an edge of the magnetic yoke.
  • holding springs both those made of metal strips or spiral springs are known, for example from CH-PS 20 68 32 or DE-AS 20 29 607.
  • DE-PS 30 08 783 are plastic holding springs, for example molded onto the coil body. All of these designs have in common that the bearing and restoring force generated by the holding springs and acting on the armature depends on the spring force thereof. In mass production, however, a desired spring characteristic can only be produced within certain tolerance limits.
  • the present invention is therefore intended to achieve the object of specifying a possibility with which it is possible to precisely define the restoring force and thus the contact pressure of a normally closed contact without great effort and with very low tolerances.
  • a relay according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing.
  • a coil body 2 is fastened, which carries an excitation coil 3 and is penetrated by a core 4.
  • an edge 6 is formed as a bearing cutting edge, which together with a notch 7 of an anchor 8 designed as a cap anchor forms a cutting edge bearing.
  • a leaf spring 11 serving as a power supply to a slide contact 9, 10 is fastened.
  • the leaf spring 11 is designed as an angle and has a free protruding angle arm 12. The latter is arranged in a direction which is at least approximately in the direction of a spring force generated by a retaining spring 13.
  • the holding spring 13 is designed as an angled spring clamped on one side and the free leg 14 lies against the angled arm 12 and is firmly connected to it, for example by welding or soldering. Both therefore form an overlapping connecting piece 15.
  • the clamped leg 16 of the retaining spring 13 pulls the free leg 14 downward and exerts a restoring force on the armature 8 via the angle arm 12, ie it pulls and presses it with its notch 7 against the Bearing edge 6 that he is in the lifted, so. Quiet position, is pulled.
  • the normally closed contacts 9, 10 lie on one another with a contact pressure which depends on the return spring force of the holding spring 13.
  • the connection of the free angle arm 12 to the free leg 14 of the retaining spring 13 is made only after these parts have been installed and the restoring force has been set in the process. This is done in such a way that a defined, pressure Y corresponding to the desired restoring force.
  • the armature 8 is in one end position, in particular in the rest position, and the normally closed contacts 9, 10 are closed. In this position, the overlapping parts of the retaining spring 13 and the leaf spring 11 are connected to one another.
  • the retaining spring 13 then exerts a restoring force on the armature 8, which is transmitted in relation to the distance 17 of the connecting piece 15 from the cutting edge bearing 6, 7 to the distance 18 of the normally closed contact 9, 10 from the cutting edge bearing 6, 7 to the normally closed contact 9, 10.
  • the contact pressure X can be set precisely in a simple manner, depending on the spring characteristic of the retaining spring 13. It is therefore also possible to produce 13 different types of relays with different break contact faults, i.e. also for different currents and voltages, with one holding spring.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

A tilting-armature relay having an excitation coil and magnetic core mounted within a housing and supported by a magnet yoke. A tilted armature mounted above the core pivots about a knife-edge bearing and responds to an electromagnetic field. A supporting spring is clamped to the magnet yoke for providing a spring force against the armature and a leaf spring carrying a first of a set of electrical contacts is mounted atop and operates with the armature. The leaf spring is fixedly connected to the supporting spring forming an overlapping connecting piece for connecting the supporting spring to the armature. The supporting spring exerts a pulling force on the leaf spring for providing a restoring force to the armature forcing together the set of electrical contacts and exactly defining a contact pressure therebetween independent of the spring characteristic of the supporting spring.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektromagnetisches ReLais gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und auf ein Verfahren zur HersteLLung desselben.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing the same.

ReLais mit einem Anker, der in einem SchneidenLager geLagert ist, sind insbesondere aLs sogenannte KLappankerrelais bekannt. Bei diesen ist eine HaLtefeder vorgesehen, die den Anker mit einer Kerbe gegen eine Kante des Magnetjochs zieht. ALs HaLtefedern sind sowohl solche aus MetaLLbändern oder SpiraLfedern bekannt, z.B. aus der CH-PS 20 68 32 bzw. DE-AS 20 29 607. Auch sind aus der DE-PS 30 08 783 aus Kunststoff bestehende, z.B. am SpuLenkörper angespritzte HaLtefedern bekannt. ALLen diesen Ausführungen ist gemeinsam, daß die von den HaLtefedern erzeugte, auf den Anker wirkende Lager- und Rückstellkraft von der Federkraft derselben abhängt. Bei der Massenfertigung ist jedoch eine gewünschte Federcharakteristik nur in bestimmten ToLeranzgrenzen hersteLLbar. Dies Liegt nicht nur an der Fertigungsmethode der HaLtefeder selbst, sondern ist auch abhängig von der MateriaLbeschaffenheit, da Federbänder oder Federdrähte über ihre gesamte Länge nicht die genau gleichen federnden Eigenschaften aufweisen. Aus diesem Grund streuen auch die Rückstellkräfte. FaLLs in dieser SteLLung, nämlich der RuheLager des Ankers, ein Ruhekontaktpaar geschlossen ist, so verändert sich mit der RücksteLLkraft auch der Kontaktdruck desselben.Relays with an armature, which is stored in a cutting edge bearing, are known in particular as so-called KL-armature relays. In these, a retaining spring is provided which pulls the armature with a notch against an edge of the magnetic yoke. As holding springs, both those made of metal strips or spiral springs are known, for example from CH-PS 20 68 32 or DE-AS 20 29 607. Also known from DE-PS 30 08 783 are plastic holding springs, for example molded onto the coil body. All of these designs have in common that the bearing and restoring force generated by the holding springs and acting on the armature depends on the spring force thereof. In mass production, however, a desired spring characteristic can only be produced within certain tolerance limits. This is not only due to the manufacturing method of the retaining spring itself, but is also dependent on the nature of the material, since spring bands or spring wires do not have exactly the same springing over their entire length Have properties. For this reason, the restoring forces also spread. If this position, namely the resting position of the armature, a normally closed contact pair is closed, the contact pressure of the same also changes with the resetting force.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung soll daher die Aufgabe geLöst werden, eine MögLichkeit anzugeben, mit der es mögLich ist, die RücksteLLkraft und damit den Kontaktdruck eines Ruhekontaktes ohne großen Aufwand genau definiert und mit sehr geringen ToLeranzen hersteLLen zu können.The present invention is therefore intended to achieve the object of specifying a possibility with which it is possible to precisely define the restoring force and thus the contact pressure of a normally closed contact without great effort and with very low tolerances.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen MerkmaLe und durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 5 angegebenen Verfahrensschritte gelöst. Hierdurch ist die Verbindung der überLappungssteLLe bei einer ganz bestimmten Vorspannung der HaLtefeder möglich und damit die RücksteLLkraft und der Kontaktdruck sehr fein einstellbar.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 and by the method steps specified in the characterizing part of claim 5. This makes it possible to connect the overlap position with a very specific pre-tensioning of the retaining spring and thus the resetting force and the contact pressure can be set very finely.

Weitere vorteilhafte EinzeLheiten der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben.Further advantageous details of the invention are specified in the subclaims and described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing.

In der Zeichnung ist ein erfindungsgemäßes ReLais schematisch dargestellt. In einem Gehäuse 1 ist ein SpuLenkörper 2 befestigt, der eine ErregerspuLe 3 trägt und von einem Kern 4 durchsetzt ist. An einem mit dem Kern verbundenen Magnetjoch 5 ist eine Kante 6 als Lagerschneide ausgebildet, die mit einer Kerbe 7 eines als KLappanker ausgebildeten Ankers 8 zusammen ein SchneidenLager bildet. Auf dem Anker ist eine aLs StromzuLeitung zu einem Rühekontakt 9, 10 dienende BLattfeder 11 befestigt. Die BLattfeder 11 ist aLs Winkel ausgebildet und besitzt einen freien abstehenden Winkelarm 12. Letzterer ist in einer Richtung angeordnet, die wenigstens annähernd in Richtung einer von einer HaLtefeder 13 erzeugten Federkraft Liegt. Die HaLtefeder 13 ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel als einseitig eingespannte Winkelfeder ausgebildet und der freie Schenkel 14 Liegt paraLLeL am Winkelarm 12 an und ist mit diesem z.B. durch Schweißen oder Löten fest verbunden. Beide bilden daher ein überlappendes Verbindungsstück 15. Der eingespannte SchenkeL 16 der HaLtefeder 13 zieht hierbei den freien Schenkel 14 nach unten und übt über den WinkeLarm 12 auf den Anker 8 eine Rückstellkraft aus, d.h. er zieht und drückt diesen so mit seiner Kerbe 7 gegen die Lagerkante 6, daß er in die abgehobene, also. RuheLage, gezogen wird. Dabei Liegen die Ruhekontakte 9, 10 mit einem Kontaktdruck aufeinander, der von der RücksteLL-Federkraft der HaLtefeder 13 abhängt.A relay according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing. In a housing 1, a coil body 2 is fastened, which carries an excitation coil 3 and is penetrated by a core 4. One with the core connected magnetic yoke 5, an edge 6 is formed as a bearing cutting edge, which together with a notch 7 of an anchor 8 designed as a cap anchor forms a cutting edge bearing. On the armature, a leaf spring 11 serving as a power supply to a slide contact 9, 10 is fastened. The leaf spring 11 is designed as an angle and has a free protruding angle arm 12. The latter is arranged in a direction which is at least approximately in the direction of a spring force generated by a retaining spring 13. In the exemplary embodiment, the holding spring 13 is designed as an angled spring clamped on one side and the free leg 14 lies against the angled arm 12 and is firmly connected to it, for example by welding or soldering. Both therefore form an overlapping connecting piece 15. The clamped leg 16 of the retaining spring 13 pulls the free leg 14 downward and exerts a restoring force on the armature 8 via the angle arm 12, ie it pulls and presses it with its notch 7 against the Bearing edge 6 that he is in the lifted, so. Quiet position, is pulled. The normally closed contacts 9, 10 lie on one another with a contact pressure which depends on the return spring force of the holding spring 13.

Um eine genau definierte RücksteLLkraft und damit einen vorbestimmten Kontaktdruck des Ruhekontaktes 9, 10 zu erhalten, wird die Verbindung des freien Winkelarms 12 mit dem freien Schenkel 14 der HaLtefeder 13 erst nach der Montage dieser TeiLe vorgenommen und dabei die RücksteLLkraft eingestellt. Dies geschieht so, daß auf dem eingespannten Schenkel 16 z.B. unten am Knick eine definierte, der gewünschten RücksteLLkraft entsprechend bemessene Druckkraft Y einwirkt. Dabei ist der Anker 8 in der einen EndLage, insbesondere in RuheLage, und die Ruhekontakte 9, 10 sind geschlossen. In dieser SteLLung werden die sich überlappenden TeiLe der HaLtefeder 13 und der BLattfeder 11 miteinander verbunden. Die HaLtefeder 13 übt dann auf den Anker 8 eine RücksteLLkraft aus, die sich im VerhäLtnis des Abstandes 17 des Verbindungsstückes 15 vom Schneidenlager 6, 7 zum Abstand 18 des Ruhekontaktes 9, 10 vom SchneidenLager 6, 7 auf den Ruhekontakt 9, 10 überträgt. Hierdurch kann in einfacher Weise der Kontaktdruck X un abhängig von der Federcharakteristik der HaLtefeder 13 genau eingestellt werden. Es ist daher auch möglich, mit einer HaLtefeder 13 verschiedene ReLaistypen mit unterschiedLichen Ruhekontaktstörungen, also auch für verschiedene Ströme und Spannungen herzustellen.In order to obtain a precisely defined restoring force and thus a predetermined contact pressure of the normally closed contact 9, 10, the connection of the free angle arm 12 to the free leg 14 of the retaining spring 13 is made only after these parts have been installed and the restoring force has been set in the process. This is done in such a way that a defined, pressure Y corresponding to the desired restoring force. The armature 8 is in one end position, in particular in the rest position, and the normally closed contacts 9, 10 are closed. In this position, the overlapping parts of the retaining spring 13 and the leaf spring 11 are connected to one another. The retaining spring 13 then exerts a restoring force on the armature 8, which is transmitted in relation to the distance 17 of the connecting piece 15 from the cutting edge bearing 6, 7 to the distance 18 of the normally closed contact 9, 10 from the cutting edge bearing 6, 7 to the normally closed contact 9, 10. As a result, the contact pressure X can be set precisely in a simple manner, depending on the spring characteristic of the retaining spring 13. It is therefore also possible to produce 13 different types of relays with different break contact faults, i.e. also for different currents and voltages, with one holding spring.

Claims (5)

1. ELektromagnetisches ReLais mit einem um ein SchneidenLager schwenkbaren Anker, den eine HaLtefeder gegen die Lagerkante drückt und in die abgehobene SteLLung zieht und wobei der Anker unmittelbar oder mittelbar die ReLaiskontakte betätigt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die HaLtefeder (3) unmittelbar oder mittelbar mit dem Anker (8) über ein sich überLappendes, in Richtung der Federkraft Liegendes Verbindungsstück (15) fest verbunden ist.1.Electromagnetic relay with an arm that can be pivoted about a cutting edge bearing, which a holding spring presses against the bearing edge and pulls into the raised position and the armature actuates the relay contacts directly or indirectly, characterized in that the holding spring (3) directly or indirectly with the Anchor (8) is firmly connected via an overlapping connecting piece (15) lying in the direction of the spring force. 2. ReLais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die HaLtefeder (13) als einseitig eingespannte WinkeLfeder ausgebildet ist, deren freier Schenkel (14) mit dem Anker (8) oder einem an diesem befestigten Betätigungsglied (11) verbunden ist.2. Relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding spring (13) is designed as a cantilevered angle spring, the free leg (14) of which is connected to the armature (8) or an actuating member (11) attached to it. 3. ReLais nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Anker (8) ein Winkel (11) angebracht ist, dessen freier Winkelarm (12) mit dem freien SchenkeL (14) der HaLtefeder (13) verbunden ist.3. Relay according to claim 2, characterized in that on the armature (8) an angle (11) is attached, the free angle arm (12) with the free leg (14) of the retaining spring (13) is connected. 4. ReLais nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die HaLtefeder (13) mit einem SchenkeL (16) paraLLeL zum Anker (8) befestigt ist und der freie SchenkeL (14) zum Anker (8) hin verläuft und der Winkel (11) aus federndem Bandmaterial besteht, dessen freier Winkelarm (12) am freien Schenkel (14) zumindest nahezu parallel anliegt und mit diesem verbunden ist.4. Relay according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the retaining spring (13) with a leg (16) paraLLeL is attached to the anchor (8) and the free leg (14) runs towards the anchor (8) and the angle (11) consists of resilient strip material, the free angle arm (12) of which lies at least almost parallel to the free leg (14) and with this is connected. 5. Verfahren zur HersteLLung eines ReLais mit wenigstens einem Kontakt und einer AnkerhaLterung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anker (8) in seine eine EndLage, insbesondere die RuheLage, gebracht wird und zugleich oder anschließend die HaLtefeder (13) mit einer vorgegebenen, dem erwünschten Kontaktdruck im Ruhezustand entsprechenden Kraft (Y) ausgeLenkt wird, wobei in dieser SteLLung ein Teil (14) der HaLtefeder (13) mit einem Verbindungsteil (12) des Ankers (8) oder dem Anker (8) selbst überlappt und die beiden TeiLe (12, 13) im überLappten Bereich (15) in der genannten SteLLung miteinander verbunden werden.5. A method for the manufacture of a relay with at least one contact and an armature holder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the armature (8) is brought into its one end position, in particular the rest position, and at the same time or subsequently the holding spring (13 ) is deflected with a predetermined force (Y) corresponding to the desired contact pressure in the idle state, in which position part (14) of the retaining spring (13) with a connecting part (12) of the armature (8) or the armature (8) itself overlaps and the two parts (12, 13) are connected to each other in the overlapped area (15) in the position mentioned.
EP84112795A 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 Electromagnetic relay and method of making it Expired EP0144676B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84112795T ATE31997T1 (en) 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3339082 1983-10-28
DE19833339082 DE3339082A1 (en) 1983-10-28 1983-10-28 ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0144676A1 true EP0144676A1 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0144676B1 EP0144676B1 (en) 1988-01-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84112795A Expired EP0144676B1 (en) 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 Electromagnetic relay and method of making it

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4599593A (en)
EP (1) EP0144676B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60175334A (en)
AT (1) ATE31997T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1234594A (en)
DE (2) DE3339082A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988004101A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetic relay

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3817571C2 (en) * 1988-05-24 1993-12-16 Hengstler Bauelemente Electromagnetic relay
US5497860A (en) * 1994-08-15 1996-03-12 Venturedyne Limited Electromagnetic brake with improved magnet structure
DE102014103247A1 (en) * 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Electromagnetic relay
US11990274B2 (en) 2021-07-21 2024-05-21 Dana Automotive Systems Group, Llc Electromagnetic solenoid actuator and method for operation of an electromagnetic solenoid actuator

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1891868U (en) * 1964-02-27 1964-04-30 Kienzle Apparate Gmbh ANCHOR SPRING FOR FOLDING ARM MAGNETS.
US3437962A (en) * 1967-06-12 1969-04-08 American Mach & Foundry Clapper type relay with improved armature
DE1614277A1 (en) * 1966-09-17 1970-06-25 Philips Nv Electromagnetic relay
DE2939178A1 (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-05-08 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co ELECTROMAGNETIC FOLDING RELAY
DE3008783C2 (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-04-19 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Relay with an angle armature

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH206832A (en) * 1938-03-02 1939-08-31 Fischer Martin Electromagnet, in particular for electric clocks and switching apparatus.
US3117255A (en) * 1961-01-04 1964-01-07 Hamilton Watch Co Electromagnet for winding automobile clocks
NL275584A (en) * 1961-03-06 1900-01-01
US3474367A (en) * 1968-03-06 1969-10-21 Allied Control Co Relay motor
DE2029607C3 (en) * 1970-06-16 1974-07-18 Felten & Guilleaume Schaltanlagen Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld Plastic housing for relays
US4323869A (en) * 1979-06-15 1982-04-06 Itt Industries, Inc. Armature mount for an electromagnetic relay

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1891868U (en) * 1964-02-27 1964-04-30 Kienzle Apparate Gmbh ANCHOR SPRING FOR FOLDING ARM MAGNETS.
DE1614277A1 (en) * 1966-09-17 1970-06-25 Philips Nv Electromagnetic relay
US3437962A (en) * 1967-06-12 1969-04-08 American Mach & Foundry Clapper type relay with improved armature
DE2939178A1 (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-05-08 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co ELECTROMAGNETIC FOLDING RELAY
DE3008783C2 (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-04-19 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Relay with an angle armature

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988004101A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetic relay
US4951017A (en) * 1986-11-28 1990-08-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetic relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1234594A (en) 1988-03-29
JPS60175334A (en) 1985-09-09
DE3339082A1 (en) 1985-05-09
EP0144676B1 (en) 1988-01-13
DE3468778D1 (en) 1988-02-18
US4599593A (en) 1986-07-08
ATE31997T1 (en) 1988-01-15

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