EP0143905A1 - Steel for objects subject to high surface pressure, such as rolling mill bearings - Google Patents

Steel for objects subject to high surface pressure, such as rolling mill bearings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143905A1
EP0143905A1 EP84110147A EP84110147A EP0143905A1 EP 0143905 A1 EP0143905 A1 EP 0143905A1 EP 84110147 A EP84110147 A EP 84110147A EP 84110147 A EP84110147 A EP 84110147A EP 0143905 A1 EP0143905 A1 EP 0143905A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
high surface
surface pressure
rolling mill
steels
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EP84110147A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Dr.-Ing. Brandis
Serosh Dr.-Ing. Engineer
Ferdinand Berentzen
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Thyssen Stahl AG
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Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium

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  • Table 1 shows the analysis of the commercial rolling bearing steel 100 Cr 6.
  • case-hardening, tempering, stainless and warm-hard steels are also used in the rolling bearing industry. This is about the development of new hardening steels that have a different chemical composition than that in DIN 17 230.
  • the conventional hardening steels have a high carbon content of 0.9 to 1.05%.
  • the chromium content of most hardening roller bearing steels is between 1.35 and 2.1%. Only the steel 100 Cr 2 has a chromium content of 0.4 to 0.6%.
  • the silicon content of these steels is between 0.15 and 0.60%, the manganese content between 0.25 and 1.1% depending on the steel composition.
  • Another low-alloy rolling bearing steel is steel 85 Cr 2, which has the following analysis: 0.84 - 0.95% C, 0.2 - 0.35% Si, 0.5 - 0.8% Mn, 0.25 - 0.40% Cr and 0.05-0.10% Mo.
  • the invention relates to the development of rolling bearing steels which, with a low chromium and carbon content, have properties similar to the classic rolling bearing steel 100 Cr 6. It has surprisingly been found that the same properties are obtained by changing the silicon and manganese content and by adding vanadium can be achieved as with steel 100 Cr 6.
  • the steel 100 Cr 6 has the disadvantage that, due to the comparatively higher carbon and chromium content, carbon segregations can occur which have a negative effect on the properties. There may also be increased precipitation of carbides on the grain boundaries (carbide network). Closed or loosened carbide lines in the structure are also possible. These disadvantages can be reduced by reducing the carbon and chromium contents.
  • the new steels should have similar machining properties to the steel 100 Cr 6 after a comparatively shorter annealing time - in order to set a structure with molded carbides (GKZ annealing). Another important property for rolling bearing steels is the service life in the rollover test at high surface pressures.
  • This steel composition differs significantly from the hardening steels in DIN 17230.
  • the analysis of the steel specified in German Auslegeschrift 1961651 deviates in its silicon, manganese and chromium contents from that of the steel according to the invention.
  • the steel 85 Cr 2 has a lower silicon content and also contains molybdenum. It is not alloyed with vanadium.
  • the coordination of the silicon, manganese and vanadium contents of the steel is said to bring about a faster shaping of the carbides.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

A steel with 0.7 to 0.85% of carbon 0.55 to 1.0% of silicon 0.55 to 0.9% of manganese 0.2 to 0.55% of chromium 0.04 to 0.15% of vanadium the remainder being iron, including the usual accompanying elements originating from the metallurgical production processes, is used as the material for objects such as roller bearings, which are subject to high surface pressures.

Description

Stähle, die wie Wälzlagerstähle einer hohen Flächenpressung ausgesetzt sind, müssen eine hohe Härte haben und beständig sein gegen Verschleiß. In Tafel 1 ist die Analyse des handelsüblichen Wälzlagerstahls 100 Cr 6 wiedergegeben. Neben den klassischen durchhärtenden Wälzlagerstählen, die in der Regel 0, 9 bis 1, 05 % C besitzen, werden auch Einsatz-, Vergütungs-, nichtrostende und warmharte Stähle in der Wälzlagerindustrie verwendet. Hier geht es um die Entwicklung von neuen durchhärtenden Stählen, die eine andere chemische Zusammensetzung aufweisen als die in DIN 17 230.Steels that are exposed to high surface pressure like rolling bearing steels must be extremely hard and resistant to wear. Table 1 shows the analysis of the commercial rolling bearing steel 100 Cr 6. In addition to the classic through-hardening rolling bearing steels, which usually have 0, 9 to 1, 05% C, case-hardening, tempering, stainless and warm-hard steels are also used in the rolling bearing industry. This is about the development of new hardening steels that have a different chemical composition than that in DIN 17 230.

Die herkömmlichen durchhärtenden Stähle haben einen hohen Kohlenstoffgehalt von 0,9 bis 1,05 %. Der Chromgehalt der meisten durchhärtenden Wälzlagerstähle liegt zwischen 1,35 und 2,1 %. Lediglich der Stahl 100 Cr 2 weist einen Chromgehalt von 0,4 bis 0,6 % auf. Der Siliziumgehalt dieser Stähle beläuft sich auf Werte zwischen 0,15 bis 0,60 %, der Mangangehalt je nach Stahlzusammensetzung zwischen 0,25 und 1,1 %. Ein weiterer legierungsarmer Wälzlagerstahl ist der Stahl 85 Cr 2, der folgende Analyse hat: 0,84 - 0,95% C, 0,2 - 0,35% Si, 0,5 - 0,8% Mn, 0,25 - 0,40 % Cr und 0,05 - 0,10 % Mo.The conventional hardening steels have a high carbon content of 0.9 to 1.05%. The chromium content of most hardening roller bearing steels is between 1.35 and 2.1%. Only the steel 100 Cr 2 has a chromium content of 0.4 to 0.6%. The silicon content of these steels is between 0.15 and 0.60%, the manganese content between 0.25 and 1.1% depending on the steel composition. Another low-alloy rolling bearing steel is steel 85 Cr 2, which has the following analysis: 0.84 - 0.95% C, 0.2 - 0.35% Si, 0.5 - 0.8% Mn, 0.25 - 0.40% Cr and 0.05-0.10% Mo.

In der Auslegeschrift DE 1961651 wird ein Wälzlagerstahl mit hoher Zähigkeit beansprucht, der nachstehende Analyse aufweist: 0,6 - 0,9% C, 1,5 - 2,5 % Mn, 1,5 - 2,5% Si, 0,7 - 1,2 % Cr, 0 - 0,8 % Mo, 0 - 1 % W, 0 - 0,8% V, 0 - 0,5 % Nb und 0, - 0,5 % Ti.In the design specification DE 1961651, a bearing steel with high toughness is claimed, which has the following analysis: 0.6 - 0.9% C, 1.5 - 2.5% Mn, 1.5 - 2.5% Si, 0, 7 - 1.2% Cr, 0 - 0.8% Mo, 0 - 1% W, 0 - 0.8% V, 0 - 0.5% Nb and 0 - 0.5% Ti.

Die Erfindung betrifft die Entwicklung von Wälzlagerstählen, die bei niedrigem Chrom- und Kohlenstoffgehalt ähnliche Eigenschaften aufweisen wie der klassische Wälzlagerstahl 100 Cr 6. Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß durch die Veränderung des Silizium- und Mangangehaltes und durch die Zugabe von Vanadin gleiche Eigenschaften zu erzielen sind wie bei dem Stahl 100 Cr 6.The invention relates to the development of rolling bearing steels which, with a low chromium and carbon content, have properties similar to the classic rolling bearing steel 100 Cr 6. It has surprisingly been found that the same properties are obtained by changing the silicon and manganese content and by adding vanadium can be achieved as with steel 100 Cr 6.

Der Stahl 100 Cr 6 hat den Nachteil, daß infolge des vergleichsweise höheren Kohlenstoff- und Chromgehaltes Kohlenstoffseigerungen auftreten können, die die Eigenschaften negativ beeinflussen. Ferner können verstärkt Ausscheidungen von Carbiden auf den Korngrenzen (Carbidnetz) vorliegen. Zudem sind auch geschlossene oder aufgelockerte Carbidzeilen im Gefüge möglich. Diese Nachteile können verringert werden durch eine Reduzierung der Kohlenstoff-und Chromgehalte. Neben diesen Gesichtspunkten sollten die neuen Stähle nach vergleichsweise kürzerer Glühdauer - zur Einstellung eines Gefüges mit eingeformten Carbiden (GKZ-Glühung) - ähnliche Bearbeitungseigenschaften aufweisen wie der Stahl 100 Cr 6. Eine weitere wichtige Eigenschaft für Wälzlagerstähle ist die Lebensdauer im Überrollversuch bei hohen Flächenpressungen.The steel 100 Cr 6 has the disadvantage that, due to the comparatively higher carbon and chromium content, carbon segregations can occur which have a negative effect on the properties. There may also be increased precipitation of carbides on the grain boundaries (carbide network). Closed or loosened carbide lines in the structure are also possible. These disadvantages can be reduced by reducing the carbon and chromium contents. In addition to these aspects, the new steels should have similar machining properties to the steel 100 Cr 6 after a comparatively shorter annealing time - in order to set a structure with molded carbides (GKZ annealing). Another important property for rolling bearing steels is the service life in the rollover test at high surface pressures.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wurden Stähle mit folgender Analyse entwickelt:

  • 0, 7 bis 0, 85 % Kohlenstoff
  • 0, 55 bis 1,0 % Silizium
  • 0, 55 bis 0,9 % Mangan
  • 0, 2 bis 0, 55 % Chrom
  • 0, 04 bis 0,15 % Vanadium
  • Rest Eisen einschließlich der üblichen Begleitelemente.

Bevorzugte Stähle sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Steels with the following analysis were developed to solve this task:
  • 0.7 to 0.85% carbon
  • 0.55 to 1.0% silicon
  • 0.55 to 0.9% manganese
  • 0.2 to 0.55% chromium
  • 0.04 to 0.15% vanadium
  • Remainder iron including the usual accompanying elements.

Preferred steels are identified in the subclaims.

Diese Stahlzusammensetzung unterscheidet sich deutlich von den durchhärtenden Stählen in DIN 17230. Die Analyse des in der Deutschen Auslegeschrift 1961651 angegebenen Stahles weicht in seinen Silizium-, Mangan- und Chromgehälten von der des erfindungsgemäßen Stahles ab. Der Stahl 85 Cr 2 besitzt einen niedrigeren Siliziumgehalt und enthält zusätzlich Molybdän. Er ist nicht mit Vanadin legiert.This steel composition differs significantly from the hardening steels in DIN 17230. The analysis of the steel specified in German Auslegeschrift 1961651 deviates in its silicon, manganese and chromium contents from that of the steel according to the invention. The steel 85 Cr 2 has a lower silicon content and also contains molybdenum. It is not alloyed with vanadium.

Die Abstimmung der Silizium-, Mangan- und Vanadingehalte des Stahles soll eine schnellere Einformung der Carbide bewirken.The coordination of the silicon, manganese and vanadium contents of the steel is said to bring about a faster shaping of the carbides.

Anhand von nachstehenden Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß der erfindungsgemäße Stahl ähnliche Eigenschaften aufweist wie der Stahl 100 Cr 6:

Figure imgb0001

  • 1. Härtbarkeit, ermittelt im Stirnabschreckversuch nach DIN 50191 (Austenitisierung: 850°C)
    Figure imgb0002
  • 2. Härte nach dem Härten und Entspannen (840°C/Öl + 200 °C/Luft) (Abmessung: 50 mmØ)
    Figure imgb0003
  • 3. Gefügeäusbildung nach der GKZ+)-Glühung zeigt Fig. 1 für den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl (Glühdauer: 13 h) und Fig. 2 für den bekannten Stahl 100 Cr 6 (Glühdauer: 19 h).
    • +) GKZ-Glühen auf kugeligem Zementit
    • Für den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl wird nach kürzerer Glühdauer ein ähnliches Glühgefüge erzielt wie für den Stahl 100 Cr 6.
    • Nachfolgende Zerspanungsversuche sind in diesem Glühgefügezustand durchgeführt worden.
  • 4. Ergebnisse des Einstechverschleißversuches In Fig. 3 wird gezeigt, daß die Verschleißkennwerte für den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl und den Stahl 100 Cr 6 etwa gleich liegen.
  • 5. Ergebnisse der Temperaturstandzeit-Versuche Hier sind ebenfalls keine Unterschiede zwischen den Ergebnissen für den Stahl 100 Cr 6 und den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl festzustellen, wie Fig. 4 zeigt.
The examples below show that the steel according to the invention has similar properties to the steel 100 Cr 6:
Figure imgb0001
  • 1. Hardenability, determined in a forehead quenching test according to DIN 50191 (austenitization: 850 ° C)
    Figure imgb0002
  • 2.Hardness after hardening and relaxing (840 ° C / oil + 200 ° C / air) (dimension: 50 mmØ)
    Figure imgb0003
  • 3. Structure formation after GKZ + ) annealing is shown in FIG. 1 for the steel according to the invention (annealing time: 13 h) and FIG. 2 for the known steel 100 Cr 6 (annealing time: 19 h).
    • +) GKZ annealing on spherical cementite
    • After a shorter annealing time, a similar annealing structure is achieved for the steel according to the invention as for the steel 100 Cr 6.
    • Subsequent machining tests have been carried out in this annealed state.
  • 4. Results of the piercing wear test. FIG. 3 shows that the wear characteristics for the steel according to the invention and the steel 100 Cr 6 are approximately the same.
  • 5. Results of the temperature-life tests Here, too, there are no differences between the results for the steel 100 Cr 6 and the steel according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 4.

Nach kürzerer Glühdauer des erfindungsgemäßen Stahles können also ähnliche Zerspanungseigenschaften erzielt werden wir für den Stahl 100 Cr 6.After a shorter annealing time of the steel according to the invention, similar cutting properties can be achieved for the steel 100 Cr 6.

Claims (1)

Verwendung eines Stahls mit 0, 7 bis 0, 85 % Kohlenstoff 0, 55 bis 1,0 % Silizium 0, 55 bis 0,9% Mangan 0,2 bis 0,55 % Chrom 0,04 bis 0, 15 % Vanadium Rest Eisen,
einschließlich der üblichen durch die metallurgischen Herstellungsverfahren bedingten Begleitelemente, der einer Glühbehandlung (GKZ-Glühung) zur Einformung der Karbide in der ferritischen Matrix unterworden wird, als Werkstoff für Gegenstände, die wie Wälzlager einer hohen Flächenpressung ausgesetzt sind.Use a steel with 0.7 to 0.85% carbon 0.55 to 1.0% silicon 0.55 to 0.9% manganese 0.2 to 0.55% chromium 0.04 to 0.15% vanadium balance iron,
including the usual accompanying elements due to the metallurgical manufacturing process, which is subjected to an annealing treatment (GKZ annealing) for forming the carbides in the ferritic matrix, as a material for objects which, like roller bearings, are exposed to high surface pressure.
EP84110147A 1983-09-29 1984-08-25 Steel for objects subject to high surface pressure, such as rolling mill bearings Withdrawn EP0143905A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3335224 1983-09-29
DE19833335224 DE3335224A1 (en) 1983-09-29 1983-09-29 STEEL FOR OBJECTS EXPOSED TO HIGH AREA PRESSURE LIKE ROLLER BEARINGS

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635336A1 (en) * 1988-08-15 1990-02-16 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd RING FOR BEARING
WO1998040527A2 (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-17 Technische Universität Dresden Microalloyed bearing steel for cold forming, method for manufacturing finished and semi-finished products therefrom
WO2011060996A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Chain for a control drive or an auxiliary drive of a drive unit of a motor vehicle

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60194047A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-10-02 Aichi Steel Works Ltd High quality bearing steel and its production
JP3422094B2 (en) * 1994-10-14 2003-06-30 日本精工株式会社 Rolling bearing
JP3565960B2 (en) * 1995-11-01 2004-09-15 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 Bearing steel, bearings and rolling bearings

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2395688A (en) * 1944-04-10 1946-02-26 Nat Steel Corp Alloy steel
FR1055422A (en) * 1952-05-05 1954-02-18 Gussstahlwerk Witten Ag Mechanical parts in steel alloys, intended to be subjected to compressive thrust forces, shocks, etc., having a tensile strength greater than 120 kg / mm2 and high toughness
DE2459654A1 (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-26 Kobe Steel Ltd HIGH-STRENGTH ROLLED STEEL WIRE, LARGE THICKNESS

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2395688A (en) * 1944-04-10 1946-02-26 Nat Steel Corp Alloy steel
FR1055422A (en) * 1952-05-05 1954-02-18 Gussstahlwerk Witten Ag Mechanical parts in steel alloys, intended to be subjected to compressive thrust forces, shocks, etc., having a tensile strength greater than 120 kg / mm2 and high toughness
DE2459654A1 (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-26 Kobe Steel Ltd HIGH-STRENGTH ROLLED STEEL WIRE, LARGE THICKNESS

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635336A1 (en) * 1988-08-15 1990-02-16 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd RING FOR BEARING
GB2224745A (en) * 1988-08-15 1990-05-16 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Steel bearing race member
GB2224745B (en) * 1988-08-15 1992-08-12 N T N Toyo Bearing Kabushiki K Bearing race member
WO1998040527A2 (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-17 Technische Universität Dresden Microalloyed bearing steel for cold forming, method for manufacturing finished and semi-finished products therefrom
WO1998040527A3 (en) * 1997-03-13 1999-03-11 Univ Dresden Tech Microalloyed bearing steel for cold forming, method for manufacturing finished and semi-finished products therefrom
WO2011060996A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Chain for a control drive or an auxiliary drive of a drive unit of a motor vehicle

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